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ANTENNA 9A4ZZ BIPOLE After a lot of work and experiments during 2004 I found an original solution for the short wave antenna which I named 9A4ZZ BIPOLE. With this antenna I worked all continents both on 20 and 40 meters bands, using only 100W transmitting power. This antenna is designed for the reduced space conditions, as well as when any other type of the antenna could not be installed (dimension, TVI). This antenna is also convenient for portable operation or for operation on the boats etc. (see Fig. 1 in Croatian version of text below). Input impedance is 50 Ohm, and an antenna tuner is not required. I named it BIPOLE to make a difference from ordinary dipole (but it has also two poles). ANTENNA 9A4ZZ BIPOLE OPERATION In order to better understand how it works I will compare it with a magnetic loop antenna which is already popular among hamradio. The magnetic loop is a parallel resonant circuit where the inductance L is replaced by a small tube inductance shaped in the form of circle. This, however significantly increases capacitance C for the desired resonant frequency. In such a way the reactance XL, XC, and R became small allowing very high HF current through circuit, producing very strong HF magnetic field which in turn induces electrical field. That is why Poynting vector (which defines radiation S=ExH) has a small electrical component E, and big magnetic component H. This is the reason why it is named a Magnetic antenna. 9A4ZZ bipole is a short resonant electrical antenna with a parallel resonant circuit (Fig. 2a) opened at the place of capacitance C (Fig. 2b). The capacitance C became smaller, and inductance L should be increased in order to obtain resonant frequency f= 1 2 √ 2 The equations for L and C reactances show higher resistance. X L = 2πfL X C = 1 2 That is why high voltage exists across the circuit components, while inside the circuit the current is small. Around antenna there is a strong electric field E and weak magnetic field H. We named it as an electrical antenna because Poynting vector S=E x H has the E component big and the H component small. On the ends of the antenna there is the high voltage, while the antenna current is small resulting in small antenna losses. Let us consider that in both cases the same power is

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Page 1: ANTENNA 9A4ZZ BIPOL E - Hrvatski Radioamaterski Savezweb.hamradio.hr/9a4zz/files/9A4ZZ BIPOL ANTENA.pdf · 18 Radio HRS – 2/2007 malu elektriènu komponentu E, a veliku magnetsku

ANTENNA 9A4ZZ BIPOLE

After a lot of work and experiments during 2004 I found an original solution for the short wave antenna which I named 9A4ZZ BIPOLE. With this antenna I worked all continents both on 20 and 40 meters bands, using only 100W transmitting power. This antenna is designed for the reduced space conditions, as well as when any other type of the antenna could not be installed (dimension, TVI). This antenna is also convenient for portable operation or for operation on the boats etc. (see Fig. 1 in Croatian version of text below). Input impedance is 50 Ohm, and an antenna tuner is not required. I named it BIPOLE to make a difference from ordinary dipole (but it has also two poles).

ANTENNA 9A4ZZ BIPOLE OPERATION

In order to better understand how it works I will compare it with a magnetic loop antenna which is already popular among hamradio. The magnetic loop is a parallel resonant circuit where the inductance L is replaced by a small tube inductance shaped in the form of circle. This, however significantly increases capacitance C for the desired resonant frequency. In such a way the reactance XL, XC, and R became small allowing very high HF current through circuit, producing very strong HF magnetic field which in turn induces electrical field. That is why Poynting vector (which defines radiation S=ExH) has a small electrical component E, and big magnetic component H. This is the reason why it is named a Magnetic antenna.

9A4ZZ bipole is a short resonant electrical antenna with a parallel resonant circuit (Fig. 2a) opened at the place of capacitance C (Fig. 2b). The capacitance C became smaller, and inductance L should be increased in order to obtain resonant frequency

f= 12𝜋 √𝐿𝐶2

The equations for L and C reactances show higher resistance.

XL = 2πfL

XC = 1

2𝜋𝑓𝐶

That is why high voltage exists across the circuit components, while inside the circuit the current is small. Around antenna there is a strong electric field E and weak magnetic field H.

We named it as an electrical antenna because Poynting vector S=E x H has the E component big and the H component small. On the ends of the antenna there is the high voltage, while the antenna current is small resulting in small antenna losses. Let us consider that in both cases the same power is

Page 2: ANTENNA 9A4ZZ BIPOL E - Hrvatski Radioamaterski Savezweb.hamradio.hr/9a4zz/files/9A4ZZ BIPOL ANTENA.pdf · 18 Radio HRS – 2/2007 malu elektriènu komponentu E, a veliku magnetsku

applied to the resonant circuit, around the antenna the high impedance field is created and by the voltage impedance transformation, the high impedance is transformed to 50 Ohms.

CONSTRUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE ANTENNA

For the practical and costs reasons the 94AZZ bipole is made from the commercially cheap PVC tubes which supports the antenna (Fig. 3). Coils L are made from PVC isolated Cu wire wounded on PVC tube. Length of the wire for the coil L is approximately a half of the wave length, and the cross section is 1,5mm2 (in order to keep minimum losses). The coil is connected to two aluminum tin cylinders which are installed to the ends of the tube. These are two poles of the bipole and with their capacitances C and C1 we tune antenna to the desired frequency. Feeding is performed via the coupling coil Ls (for the min. losses made from 1,5 mm Cu wire) positioned on the isolation around antenna coil L. The ratio of the transformation and input antenna impedance depends on the L to Ls ratio. Table 1 shows the antenna dimensions for various bands. Given winding number is for the frequency in the middle of the band and the resonant frequency is your choice. The coils should be wounded for the highest desired resonant frequency with the cylinders C1 completely above cylinders C. Later, by moving C1“out“ we can tune the antenna on any lower desired frequency. The antenna coil L is connected with the cylinders C. If you like you can connect the middle of the antenna to the cold end of the coupling coil Ls. Such configuration makes antenna to be symmetric.

In order to avoid inductivity changes due to the weathering the L, and Ls should be protected, otherwise the antenna could move away of the tuned resonance frequency. The protection is made by installing the PVC tube of bigger cross section above the coil, and both ends should be sealed to be waterproof. The pictures illustrates mechanical construction wit he SO239 connector, where the 50 Ohms coaxial cable should be connected. There are various combinations of the coils and cylinders as well as the antennas for the other bands, but I have selected this as a representative.

1,8 70 70 35 11 230 70

f/MHz d1/cm d2/cm d3/cm D/cm number turns L coil number turns Ls coil

3,5 80 70 35 5 260 50

7 45 35 12 5 130 25

*magnet wire 1 mm

14 20 14 12 3 133* 12__________

Table 1

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TUNING OF THE 9A4ZZ BIPOLE

Input impedance of the tuned antenna is 50 Ohms. Tuning is performed by establishing the resonance of the total antenna inductance and capacitance. Fine tuning to 50 Ohms is performed by changing the capacitance C (length of the bipole ends C1) and inductance of the coil L. (5-10 cm Aluminum ring P, wounded around coil L hot end). Shortening the bipole the resonant frequency is higher; while longer the bipole the resonant frequency is lower.

9A4ZZ bipole is a resonant monoband antenna producing around antenna very high concentration of the electromagnetic field. Therefore it is recommended to perform the tuning while transmitter is off. Antenna tuning is monitored by observing the SWR meter readings, or by obtaining max luminosity of the fluorescent tube (positioned close to the antenna). In the antenna center the luminosity should be min. and on the both sides of the antenna the light intensity should be the same. Following the tuning procedure using the short antenna cable, antenna tuning should be corrected for the required cable length. Maximal radiation (both directions) of the 9A4ZZ bipole is along the antenna, and min. radiation is perpendicular to the antenna center (fig. 4). Antenna feed line is 50 Ohm coaxial cable RG 58/U. Its length is not critical, and the antenna impedance remains unchanged when the cable length is changed. In order to avoid HF current induction in the coax shield, cable should be positioned perpendicularly to the bipole since in the bipole center the electromagnetic field intensity is minimal. It is recommended to wind an RF choke, or to install the ferrite beads about 2 m from the connector since the HF voltage in the cable is not produced by the feedback current. The HF voltage in the coax shield is induced by the very strong electromagnetic field near antenna. The transmitter must be grounded,

INSTALLATION OF THE 9A4ZZ BIPOLE

Since the EMF near antenna is very strong, the antenna must be installed away from the metal objects in order to prevent losses. It is recommended to install antenna at last 1/10 wave length above ground. Using the usual PVC tubing the antenna could be positioned both vertically and horizontally. The vertical position has a circular radiation pattern, while the horizontal position gives the directional pattern. The radiation diagram is shown in fig 4. Horizontal position is better for short QSO, while the vertical position is better for DX contacts. 9A4ZZ bipole is an very efficient antenna, therefore it is not recommended to stay close to the antenna when working with power higher than 100W.

Comparing to an EH antenna, the 9A4ZZ tuning is simple since it is symmetrical and has no problem with HF current along the antenna. Comparing to the magnetic loop antenna the 9A4ZZ bipole has not expensive components and gives a tenfold operating range.

THE 9A4ZZ BIPOLE TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS:

160m – BAND:

Electrical data: - VSWR 1:1 at 50 Ohm

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-Input impedance adjustable to 50 Ohm over entire range

-maximum permissible brought HF power: 500 W (PEP for SSB/CW)

-bandwidth of the antenna: 50 KHz at 2:1 VSWR

-H/V polarization: depending on setting

-dimensions: length/diameter: 240cm/11cm

80m - m BAND:

Electrical data: -VSWR 1:1 at 50 Ohm

-input impedance adjustable to 50 Ohm over entire range

-maximum permissible brought HF power: 500W (PEP for SSB/CW)

-bandwidth of the antenna: 150 KHz at 2:1 VSWR

-H/V polarization: depending on setting

-dimensions: 240cm/5cm

40m – BAND:

Electrical data: -VSWR 1:1 at 50 Ohm

-input impedance adjustable to 50 Ohm over entire range

-maximum permissible brought HF power: 500W (PEP for SSB/CW)

-bandwidth of the antenna: 300 KHz at 2:1 VSWR

-H/V polarization: depending on setting

-dimensions: 120cm/5cm

20 m – BAND:

Electrical data:

-VSWR 1:1 at 50 Ohm

-input impedance adjustable to 50 Ohm over entire range

-maximum permissible brought HF power: 500W (PEP for SSB/CW)

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-bandwidth of the antenna: 600KHz at 2:1 VSWR

-H/V polarization: depending on setting

-dimensions: 40cm/3cm

(Antenna 9A4ZZ BIPOLE constructor is Mladen Petrović, 9A4ZZ, www:hamradio.hr/9A4ZZ)

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www.hamradio.hr18 Radio HRS – 2/2007

malu elektriènu komponentu E, a velikumagnetsku komponentu H, te kažemoda je to magnetna antena.

9A4ZZ bipol je kratka, rezonantna,elektrièna antena koja je nastala takoda je paralelni rezonantni titrajni krug(Sl. 2a.) otvoren na mjestu kapacitetaC (Sl. 2b.). Na taj se naèin smanjiokapacitet C, a da bi se održala rezona-ntna frekvencija kruga,

mora se poveæati induktivnost L. Zbogtoga se poveæao otpor, što se vidi iz jed-nadžbi za induktivni i kapacitivni otpor:

Iz tog razloga se pojavio visok naponna sastavnicama titrajnoga kruga, amala struja u krugu. Elektrièno polje Eoko antene je veliko, a magnetno polje Hje malo. Poyntingov vektor je S = E × H,gdje je elektrièna komponenta E velika,a magnetna komponenta H mala, tekažemo da je to elektrièna antena. Nakrajevima bipola pojavljuje se visoknapon, dok je struja kroz antenu malai zato su gubici maleni. Pod pretposta-vkom da je titrajnom krugu u oba sluèajaprivedena ista snaga, oko takve antenestvara se polje visoke impedancije te seprilagoðuje naponskom transformacijomimpedancije s velike impedancije, namalu od 50 Ω.

Konstrukcija i opis antene9A4ZZ bipol9A4ZZ bipol je zbog praktiènosti i

manje cijene napravljena na standard-nim PVC cijevima, koje služe kao nosaèi zaštita antene (Sl. 3.). Antena je napra-vljena od zavojnice L od bakrene žice sPVC izolacijom, namotane na PVC cijev.Duljina žice za zavojnicu L je približnopolovica valne duljine (λ/2), a presjekžice je 1,5 mm2 (kako bi imala što manjegubitke). Zavojnica je spojena s dvavaljka od aluminijskoga lima, koji sumontirani na krajevima cijevi. To su dvapola bipola, koji èine kapacitete C i C1, skojima se ugaða na željenu frekvenciju.Antena se napaja preko sprežne zavo-jnice Ls, isto od bakrene žice 1,5 mm2 (dabi imala što manje gubitke), u izolacijikoja je namotana preko antenske zavo-jnice L. Od omjera broja zavoja zavo-jnica L i Ls zavisi omjer transformacije iulazna impedancija antene. U tablici 1.prikazane su dimenzije antene za višeopsega. Broj zavoja dan je za srednjufrekvenciju opsega, a rezonantnufrekvenciju odredite prema vašoj želji.

Piše: Mladen Petroviæ, 9A4ZZ

Antena 9A4ZZ bipol9A4ZZ Bipole Antenna

9A4ZZ bipol je kratkovalna antena,originalno rješenje do kojeg sam došaonakon duljeg rada i eksperimentiranjatijekom 2004. godine. S njom sam, uzsnagu od 100 W, na 20-metarskom i40-metarskom opsegu, održao veze sasvim kontinentima. Namijenjena je zarad u uvjetima skuèenoga prostora,odnosno tamo gdje se ne može posta-viti uobièajena kratkovalna antena, bilozbog dimenzija bilo zbog smetnji (TVI),kao i upotrebu u portablu, na brodui slièno (sl. 1.). Radi bez antenskogatunera, jer je ulazna impedancija antene50 Ω. Nazvao sam je bipol kako bi serazlikovala od uobièajenoga dipola (jerima isto dva pola).

Princip rada antene 9A4ZZ bipolDa biste lakše razumjeli naèin rada

bipol antene usporedit æu je s antenommagnetic loop (magnetska petlja), kojaje poznata veæini radioamatera. Antenamagnetic loop je ustvari paralelni rezo-nantni titrajni krug, kojemu je indukti-vnost zavojnice L zamijenjen malominduktivnosti cijevi smotane u kružnicu(èime se morao poveæati kapacitet C, dabi se održala rezonantna frekvencijakruga). Na taj su naèin otpori XL, XC iR postali mali i kroz krug teèe velika VFstruja. Ona uzrokuje jako VF magnetnopolje, koje opet inducira elektrièno polje.Poyntingov vektor kojim se definirazraèenje S = E × H u ovom sluèaju ima

L

C

C

CCL

Ls

Ls

50 50

Slika 2. – Titrajni krug, a) zatvoren i b) otvoren

Slika 1. – Postavljena antena 9A4ZZ bipol za 40-metarski opseg

LCf

2

1,

LfXL 2 ,

CfXC

2

1.

antene

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www.hamradio.hr 19Radio HRS – 2/2007

Zavojnice namotajte tako da antenabude rezonantna na najvišoj željenojfrekvenciji opsega pri uvuèenim valjcimaC1 potpuno preko valjka C, tako dakasnije izvlaèenjem valjka C1 ugodimoantenu na nižu, odnosno bilo koju željenufrekvenciju. Na krajevima je antenskazavojnica L, spojena s valjcima C, a nasredini je spojena s hladnim krajemsprežne zavojnice Ls, te je na taj naèinantena simetrièna.

Zavojnice L i Ls moraju se zaštititi odatmosferilija, jer bi u protivnom došlo dopromjene induktivnosti antenske zavo-jnice i do razgaðanja antene. Zaštita seizvodi s PVC cijevima veæeg promjera,koje se navlaèe na zavojnicu i sa stranazabrtve protiv prodora vode. Mehanièkaizvedba vidi se na slikama, gdje se vidii prikljuènica SO 239, na koju se priklju-èuje koaksijalni kabel 50 Ω. Moguæe sui druge kombinacije broja zavoja idimenzija valjaka, kao i antene za drugeopsege, ali sam ove izabrao kaoreprezentativne.

Ugaðanje antene 9A4ZZ bipolUlazna impedancija ugoðene antene

je 50 Ω. Antene se ugaða dovoðenjemu rezonanciju ukupne induktivnosti i uku-pnoga kapaciteta antene, tj. izjednaèa-vanjem vrijednosti ukupnoga induktivnogotpora s ukupnom vrijednosti kapaciti-vnoga otpora. Antena se fino ugaða naimpedanciju 50 Ω promjenom kapacitetaC antene, i to jednakim produženjemili skraæenjem obaju krakova bipola, tj.valjaka C1. Skraæivanjem krakova bipolamijenja se rezonantna frekvencija naviše, odnosno produženjem na niže.Fino se ugaða promjenom induktivnostizavojnice L. To se obavlja kratkospojnimprstenom širine 5…10 cm od alumini-jskoga lima, koji se omota oko zaštitnecijevi vruæega kraja zavojnice L, i pomièeuzduž cijevi. 9A4ZZ bipol je rezonantnamonobandna antena s visokom konce-ntracijom elektromagnetskoga polja uneposrednoj blizini antene, pa se zbogsigurnosti operatora treba ugaðati dokodašiljaè nije u odašiljanju. Ugoðenostantene kontrolira se SWR metrompostavljenim što bliže anteni, kao imaksimalnim svjetlom fluorescentnecijevi primaknutoj uz antenu. Uz obakraka bipola fluorescentna cijev morasvijetliti jednakom jakošæu, s tim da je usredini bipola svijetli minimalno. Nakonugaðanja antene napajane s kratkimkabelom, antena se poslije postavljanjadodatno ugodi s napojnim kabelom upunoj radnoj duljini. Ova antena imaširoki opseg, a podaci su dani u nas-tavku. Antena 9A4ZZ bipol maksimalnozraèi uzduž bipola na obje strane, aminimalno pod pravim kutom na središteantene (Sl. 4.). Napaja se preko koaksi-jalnoga kabela impedancije 50 Ω(RG 58/U). Duljina kabela nije kritièna,

odnosno impedancija se bitno ne mije-nja promjenom duljine koaksijalnogakabela. Kako se ne bi inducirale VFstruje u opletu koaksijalnog kabela, onse vodi pod kutom od 90° u odnosu nabipol, jer je jakost elektromagnetskogapolja (EM) najmanja uz središte bipola.Da bi se to potpuno uklonilo, može senamotati VF èok ili staviti feritne perle,ali 2 m od prikljuènice, jer se VF napon ukabelu ne javlja od povratnih struja, veæse inducira u opletu kabela zbog jakogpolja u blizini antene. Takoðer je potre-bno uzemljiti odašiljaè.

postaviti horizontalno ili vertikalno,upotrebljavajuæi odgovarajuæe uobièa-jene PVC cijevi. Kad se postavlja verti-kalno dobije se kružni dijagram, apostavljanjem horizontalno usmjerenidijagram zraèenja. To treba uzeti u obzirkod postavljanja antene. Dijagramzraèenja prikazan je na slici 4. Za bliževeze preporuèa se horizontalno posta-vljanje, a za DX rad vertikalno. Antena9A4ZZ bipol vrlo je uèinkovita i jak izvorVF zraèenja, te nije preporuèljivo biti unjezinoj blizini kada se radi snagomveæom od 100 W.

Antena 9A4ZZ bipol ima prednost uodnosu na EH antenu jer je simetriènai nema problema s VF strujama pokoaksijalnome kabelu, te se lakšeugaða. U odnosu na antenu magneticloop ima deset puta veæu širinu opsegarada ugoðene antene, nema skupih ikritiènih sastavnica.

d2

d1 d

3

C1C

1

Ls

D

CC L

50

Slika 3. – Nacrt antene 9A4ZZ bipol

Tablica 1.

f/MHz d1/cm d2/cm d3/cm D/cm Broj zavoja L Broj zavoja Ls1,8 70 70 35 11 230 703,5 80 70 35 5 260 507 45 35 12 5 130 25

14 20 14 12 3 133* 12

*Bakrena žica 1 mm (lakom izolirana)

Slika 4. – Dijagram zraèenja antene 9A4ZZ bipol

Slika 5. – Izgled izraðene antene za160-metarski opseg

Postavljanje antene 9A4ZZ bipolBuduæi da je elektrièno polje u blizini

antene vrlo jako, antenu je potrebnoodmaknuti od metalnih objekata kakobi se sprijeèili gubici. Preporuèa sepostaviti antenu na visini od najmanjedesetine valne duljine. Antena se može

antene

jpetrovic
Pencil
jpetrovic
Pencil
jpetrovic
Rectangle
jpetrovic
Text Box
P
jpetrovic
Text Box
P, širine 5 -10cm
jpetrovic
Rectangle
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www.hamradio.hr

Tehnièke karakteristike antene 9A4ZZ bipol za 160-metarski opsegElektrièni podaci- VSWR 1:1 na 50 Ω.- Ulazna impedancija prilagodiva po cijelom opsegu na 50 Ω.- Maksimalno dopuštena privedena VF snaga 500 W (PEP za SSB/CW).- Širina opsega antene pri VSWR 2:1 je 50 kHz.- Polarizacija H/V zavisno od postavljanja.- Dimenzije: duljina/promjer: 240 cm/11cm.

Tehnièke karakteristike antene 9A4ZZ bipol za 80-metarski opsegElektrièni podaci- VSWR 1:1 na 50 Ω.- Ulazna impedancija prilagodiva po cijelom opsegu na 50 Ω.- Maksimalno dopuštena privedena VF snaga 500 W (PEP za SSB/CW).- Širina opsega antene pri VSWR 2:1 je 150 kHz.- Polarizacija H/V zavisno od postavljanja.- Dimenzije: duljina/promjer: 240 cm/5 cm.

Tehnièke karakteristike antene 9A4ZZ bipol za 40-metarski opsegElektrièni podaci- VSWR 1:1 na 50 Ω.- Ulazna impedancija prilagodiva po cijelom opsegu 50 Ω.- Maksimalno dopuštena privedena VF snaga 500 W (PEP za SSB/CW).- Širina opsega antene pri VSWR 2:1 je 300 kHz- Polarizacija H/V zavisno od postavljanja.- Dimenzije: duljina/promjer: 120 cm/5 cm.

Tehnièke karakteristike antene 9A4ZZ bipol za 20-metarski opsegElektrièni podaci- VSWR 1:1 na 50 Ω.- Ulazna impedancija prilagodiva po cijelom opsegu 50 Ω.- Maksimalno dopuštena privedena VF snaga 500 W (PEP za SSB/CW).- Širina opsega antene pri VSWR 2:1 je 600 kHz.- Polarizacija H/V zavisno od postavljanja.- Dimenzije: duljina/promjer: 40 cm/3 cm.

(Konstruktor antene 9A4ZZ bipol je Mladen Petroviæ, 9A4ZZ,www.hamradio.hr/9A4ZZ.)

20 Radio HRS – 2/2007

Slika 6. – Izgled izraðene antene za 80-metarski opseg

Slika 7. – Izgled izraðene antene za 40-metarski opseg

Slika 8. – Izgled izraðene antene za 20-metarski opseg

antene

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