ansys lab manual

MISRIMAL NAVAJEE MUNOTH JAINENGINEERING COLLEGE

THORAPAKKAM, CHENNAI - 600097.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ME2404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION ANDANALYSIS LAB

Prepared by

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MNM JAIN ENGINEERING COLLEGECHENNAI 600097

2014 - 2015

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ME2404 CASA LAB 2CONTENTS

S.NO DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENTSPAGE

NO MARKS SIGN

1.STUDY OF ANSYS

1

2.

1.STRESS ANALYSIS OF BEAM -CANTILEVER BEAM WITH POINT LOAD

19

2.STRESS ANALYSIS OF BEAM-SIMPLYSUPPORT BEAM WITH DISTRIBUTEDLOADS

21

3.STRESS ANALYSIS OF BEAM-FIXEDBEAM WITH VARYING LOAD

23

3.STRESS ANALYSIS OF A PLATE WITHCIRCULAR HOLE 25

4.STRESS ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR LPLATE 28

5.STRESS ANALYSIS OF ANAXIS -SYMMETRIC COMPONENT 31

6

1.MODAL ANALYSIS OF A CANTILEVERBEAM

34

2.MODAL ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLYSUPPORTED BEAM

36

7. HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF A 2DCOMPONENT

38

8. SIMPLE CONDUCTION EXAMPLE 40

9.THERMAL - MIXED BOUNDARY EXAMPLE(CONDUCTION/CONVECTION/INSULATED) 42

10.THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF A 2DCOMPONENT 44

11.HARMONIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS INMEMS

ME2404 CASA LAB 3

12. DESIGN OPTIMIZATION USING ANSYS 61

13C Bracket Modeling Tutorial using ANSYSWORKBENCH 66

14GEOMETRIC NONLINEAR PROBLEM INABAQUS 77

15 MATERIAL NON LINEAR PROBLEM INABAQUS

ME 2404 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB1

Ex.No.1

Date:

1. STUDY OF ANSYS

Aim: To study the ANSYS package.

1.0. Introduction

The ANSYS program has many finite element analysis capabilities, ranging from a simple, linear,

static analysis to a complex, non linear, transient dynamic analysis. The analysis guide manuals in the

ANSYS documentation set describe specific procedures for performing analyses for different engineering

disciplines.

ANSYS is a good pre-processing, solution and post-processing tool for finite element modeling.

The ANSYS program is organized into two levels. The initial entry level is the BEGIN level. From this

level we can access the desired processors as shown

below. The ANSYS graphical user interface (GUI) is split into four main areas. The graphics area, the

utility menu, the main menu and the ANSYS toolbar. Highlighted in the figure below is the standard

layout of the GUI. The different windows that make-up the GUI can be moved around the screen at the

users discretion.

2.0. The Graphics Area

The Graphics area is the window in which the entities are displayed. The window can be split into

smaller windows. Within these windows entities can be animated, rotated, selected, deleted and so on.

3.0. The Utility Menu


This menu contains controls for opening and saving files, selecting entities, producing plots etc.

By clicking on any of the 10 options pop-up menus under each option appear.

The ten options are:

File: File opening, clearing a database, saving, importing and exporting files

Select: Selecting entities and components

List: Lists entities and components

Plot: Plots entities and components, multiple plots, array parameters and material data

PlotControls: Hardcopy, component numbering, annotation, animation and plot style

WorkPlane: Working plane creation and manipulation, coordinate system creation and manipulation

Parameters: Array parameters, scalar parameters and parameter edit

Macros: Macro creation for data manipulation

MenuCtrls: Controls the format of the GUI

Help: Online help and documentation

4.0. The ANSYS Input

This window shows program prompt messages and allows you to type in commands. All

previously typed commands also appear in this window.

5.0. The ANSYS Toolbar

The ANSYS toolbar menu has options for saving and resuming models, power graphics and web-

interfacing.

6.0. The Main Menu

The main menu consists of nine options. Each menu topic brings up a submenu


(Indicated by a > after the topic) or performs an action. The symbol on the right-hand

of the topic indicates the action.

These are.

Preferences: This sets model preferences, such as thermal, structural or modal analysis

Preprocessor: Enters the preprocessing sub-menu

Solution: Enters the solution sub-menu

General Postproc: Enters the general postprocessor

TimeHist Postproc: Enters the time history postprocessor

Design Opt: Enters the Design Optimization routines

Radiation Matrix: Sets options for radiation thermal analysis

Run-Time Stats: Gives run-time statistics

7.0. ANSYS Menu Structure

From each of the menu bars, further menus appear. These menus can lead to further pop-up

menus, sub-menus, data entry fields and toggles.

All menus are similar to the main menu in colour and in operation. Each menu acts like a tree to

further menus all of which stay displayed until unselected.

7.1. Sub-menus

From the main menu a sub-menu will look like the one shown below.


The preprocessor menu is extremely important. Most of the work in creating a

model is done from this menu.

From the utility menu a sub-menu will look like the one shown below.

7.2. Pop-up Menu

A pop-up menu will typically look like the one shown below. Note that the menu is split into

several areas.

At the top of the menu is the pick or un-pick option. With this we can either select or un-select

entities using the mouse buttons. The next field tells us the location of the item and number of items we

are picking. Below this area is the data entry area. At

the bottom of the pop-up menu is a set of buttons for applying the required command.

These buttons are common to Ansys pop-up windows and function as follows:


OK This applies the command and closes the window

Apply This applies the command and leaves the window open

Reset Resets the picked or un-picked options

Cancel Cancels the command and closes the window

Help Produces online help

7.2. Data Entry Field

A data entry field will typically look like the one shown below.

Data such as Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s ratio can be entered using the keyboard in the

required field.

7.3. Toggle

Toggle boxes allow certain options to be set without actually typing anything. They are typically

used when ANSYS want the user to choose between one option and

another. In the toggle box shown above we are choosing to import a CAD file using the default option

and also choosing to combine (merge) coincident key points thus enabling us to create a areas and

volumes.


7.4. Exiting Ansys

We can leave Ansys by clicking on file from the utility menu and then exit at the

bottom of the following menu.

This action brings up the following toggle menu.


This menu gives the user four options for saving and exiting the model.

8.0. Ansys File Types

As can be expected with a powerful Finite Element tool such as Ansys various

different files are created during the different phases of model creation.

Most files can be created from the file sub-menu from under the utility menu.

Importing Files

Files can be imported from different CAD programs. Using the File option from the

utility menu.

Brings up the sub-menu.

By clicking on Import a further sub-menu gives us our file options. Typically this


might be an IGES file. Finally a toggle-box will appear offering several options.

9.0. Saving Files

We can save files in Ansys using the File sub-menu as described earlier. The file will

automatically save as file.db (the default jobname). This is known as the database. A back-up of your

database has the file extension dbb. The original database is always copied to a dbb file when a save

command is executed.

To read a database into Ansys use the resume command from File sub-menu.

Exporting Files

IGES files can be exported from the File sub-menu using the export option.

Solution Files

During an analysis Ansys creates various files for storing data. These are.

File.emat element matrix files on previous iteration

File.esav element matrix files on most recent iteration

File.tri triangularised matrix files

File.err file listing all error messages generated during modelling

File.log log file of all commands issued

File.page scratch files for virtual space

The esav, emat and tri files are automatically deleted after leaving Ansys once a job has

been solved. This feature is unique to Sheffield University. There are several other files

created for different applications, which will not be dealt with in these notes.

COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB 9

Results Files

For a standard structural analysis the results file has the extension .rst. Hence a

default result file is file.rst

All Ansys files can be copied renamed and saved in the appropriate operating system.

10.0. Entity Selection Methods

Ansys has an extremely powerful select logic. This select logic is available from the File utility

menu under select. It is tremendously useful to understand how this works.

The select sub-menu is shown below.

Entities that you can select are nodes, elements, keypoints lines, areas and volumes.

The default option is nodes.


The sub-menu is divided into three areas. The top portion allows us to toggle onto which entities

that we wish to select. The second toggle box in this portion allows us

to choose how we would like to select the entities. There are many different ways in which we can do

this. Several examples are shown in the following sub-menus.

Using this sub-menu we can select lines by their global position in the current coordinate system.

A very useful technique is to be able to select things attached to entities we have already selected. So for

instance we can select lines attached to areas, keypoints attached lines and so on. In the sub-menu shown

we are selecting areas attached to the lines that we have already selected.


The second portion of the sub-menu offers four options on what we select our entities from. These

four are.

From Full selects entities from all entities that exist

Reselect select entities from those already selected

Also Sele add to the entities already selected

Unselect unselect entities already selected

Also in this portion of the sub-menu are buttons so that we can select everything,

invert our current selection and select none of the entities chosen. The bottom portion of the panel is our

standard Ansys area for executing our desired commands.

11.0. Ansys Model Viewing and Hardcopy

The ANSYS program allows you to pan, zoom and rotate your model. There is a

special sub-menu from the utility menu for doing this under Plot Controls.


Note that this sub-menu has options for various graphics options. Through this menu we can

change the style of our graphics plot, the colours used, the number of windows and so on. From this

window we are also able to produce hardcopy. Clicking on hardcopy will bring up the following sub-

menu. By choosing graphics window only,

color and print file, the graphics window output will be printed on a colour print.

After clicking on pan, zoom rotate the following sub-menu appears.


This menu is extremely useful for manipulating the model within the graphics window. The top

portion of the menu contains button for selecting standard user views such as isometric or oblique.

Below these standard view are options for zooming in or out of portions of the model. The next portion of

the menu translates or rotates the model. The bottom portion of the menu allows dynamic manipulation

of the model.

12.0. Modeling in Ansys

There are five main phases of the Ansys modelling process.

Geometry creation and editing

Element creation and editing

Load and boundary condition application

Solving of analysis

Results scrutiny and post-processing.

The main menu bar allows access to the functionality needed for these tasks.

13.0. Introduction to some sub-menus

The pre-processor sub-menu is shown below. From only a small number of submenus below this,

a model can be created, meshed and loaded.


Real Constant real constants are element dependant properties.

Material Properties this sets the material properties such as Young’s

Modulus and Poisson’s ratio

Using the create sub-menu we can produced our geometry from pre-defined shapes called

primitives. These shapes can be circles, rectangles, blocks and several other shapes outlined in the menu.


below.

The create rectangle sub-menu offers several options for producing a rectangle and is shown

If we use the by-dimensions option then the following data entry box appears.

14.0. Meshing

The second phase of our modelling process is the element creation. From the preprocessor menu

we can see that one of the sub-sections is labelled Meshing. By clicking on mesh, the following sub-

menu appears.

This menu allows us to free or map mesh areas or volumes. Free meshing means the surface will

be meshed with quadrilateral and triangular elements. Mapped meshing means the surface will be only

meshed with quadrilateral elements. Only certain geometry’s can be map meshed.


Within the Meshing area of the pre-processor menu are options for element size

control and other meshing functions. In Ansys all these option are combined in a submenu called the

Mesh tool. This menu is shown below.

From this menu element size can be set, the mesh can be refined and so on. Loading and

boundary conditions We can apply loads and constraints (and delete them) either from the preprocessor

or the solution processor sub-menus.


If we click on apply the following sub-menu appears.

If we choose Force/moment the following sub-menu appears.

We can apply forces on nodes or keypoints. Choosing nodes our standard pop-up


menu appears. After picking the nodes on which we want to apply the force, the following data entry box

appears.

force.

arrow.

By toggling on the Direction of force/mom button we can choose the loading direction of the

We will then be prompted with our standard pop-up menu. The force will be represented as a red

Similarly by clicking on apply then Displacement from the solution processor window then

following sub-menu appears.

By clicking on nodes our standard pop-menu will appear


After picking the nodes we wish to constrain the following data entry box appears.

Highlighting ALL DOF and making the value of the displacement zero fully constrains the

selected nodes.

15.0. Solving of analysis

We enter the solution processor from the main menu as shown below.


We can also apply loads and constraints from the solution processor. To solve an

analyses we click on solve current ls.

16.0. Results scrutiny and post processing

After clicking on the main menu General Postprocessor the following sub-menu

appears.

If we then click on Nodal solution the following sub-menu appears. Note that we are able to

select our desired output firstly by highlighting the item (stress, strain etc) and

then the component (Sx, Sy etc).


Once we have decided on our output by clicking OK (or apply depending on

preference) we should get output as shown below.

Result:

Thus the various commands and basic concepts of a ANSYS was studied.


Ex.No.2

Date:

2.1 STRESS ANALYSIS OF BEAM -CANTILEVER BEAM WITH POINT LOAD

AIM:

To analysis the deflection and stresses at each nodal points of a cantilever beam with point load at

free end using ANSYS software.

P=4000N

D=10mm

L=100mm

Preprocessing: Defining the

Problem

1. Change jobname:

File -> Change Jobname

Enter “beam”, and click on “OK”.

2. Define element types:

Preprocessor -> Element Type -> Add/Edit/Delete [Apply the BEAM3]

3. Define the real constants for the BEAM3 elements:

Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add

[Calculate and Apply suitable value in Area, Izz and Height]

4. Define Material Properties:


Preprocessor -> Material Properties -> -Constant- Isotropic

[Apply suitable value in young’s modulus=2E06N/sq.m and passion ratio=.27]

5. Create nodes:

Preprocessor -> -Modeling- Create -> Nodes -> In Active CS

Preprocessor -> -Modeling- Create -> Nodes -> Fill between Nds.

Utility Menu -> PlotCtrls -> Numbering. [Minimum 10 nodes]

Preprocessor -> Create -> Elements ->-Auto Numbered-Thru Nodes

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

1. Apply constraints and forces on the model:

To apply constraints:

Solution -> -Loads- Apply -> -Structural- Displacement -> On Nodes

[We will see the diagram and then apply suitable nodes]

Solution -> -Loads- Apply -> -Structural- Force/Moment -> On Nodes


8. Solve the problem:

Solution -> -Solve- Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results

9. Plot the deformed shape:

General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Deformed Shape

10. List reaction forces:

General Postproc -> List Results -> Reaction Solution


11. List nodal displacements:

(a) General Postproc -> List Results -> Nodal Solution -> DOF Solution -> ALL DOFs

12. Define element table items for subsequent plotting and listing of various stress results.

13. List element table results. :

(b) General Postproc -> List Results -> Elem Table Data

1) General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Line Elem Res

2) General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Elem Table

15. Exit ANSYS. Toolbar: Quit ->Save Everything -> OK

RESULT


Ex.No.2

Date:

2.2 STRESS ANALYSIS OF BEAM-SIMPLY SUPPORT BEAM WITH DISTRIBUTED LOADS

AIM:

To analysis the stress and deflection in a Distributed load of 1000 N/m (1 N/mm) will be applied

to a solid steel beam with a rectangular cross section as shown in the figure below. The cross-section of

the beam is 10mm x 10mm while the modulus of elasticity of the steel is 200GPa.

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

1. Open preprocessor menu

2. Give example a Title

Utility Menu > File > Change Title .../title, Distributed Loading

3. Create Keypoints

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS

4. Define Lines

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line

5. Define Element Types

Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... [Apply the BEAM3]

6. Define Real Constants

Preprocessor > Real Constants... > Add..

[Calculate and Apply suitable value in Area, Izz and Height.

7. Define Element Material Properties

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic >

Isotropic

8. Define Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines...

9. Mesh the frame

Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All'

10. Plot Elements

Utility Menu > Plot > Elements



1. Define Analysis Type

Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static

2. Apply Constraints

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Keypoints

Apply Loads

Select Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Beams

3. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS


1. Plot Deformed Shape

General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape

2. Plot Principle stress distribution

As shown previously, we need to use element tables to obtain principle stresses for line elements.

1. Select General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table

RESULTS


Ex.No.2

Date:

AIM:

2.3 STRESS ANALYSIS OF BEAM-FIXED BEAM WITH VARING LOAD

To analysis the stress and deflection in a varying load will be applied to a solid steel beam with a

rectangular cross section as shown in the figure below. The cross-section of the beam is 10mm x 10mm

while the modulus of elasticity of the steel is 200GPa.

10KN

L=100mm s


1. Change jobname:

File -> Change Jobname

Enter “beam”, and click on “OK”.

2. Define element types:

Preprocessor -> Element Type -> Add/Edit/Delete [Apply the BEAM3]

3. Define the real constants for the BEAM3 elements:

Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add

[Calculate and Apply suitable value in Area, Izz and Height]

4. Define Material Properties:

Preprocessor -> Material Properties -> -Constant- Isotropic

[Apply suitable value in young’s modulus and passion ratio]


5. Create nodes:

Preprocessor -> -Modeling- Create -> Nodes -> In Active CS

Preprocessor -> -Modeling- Create -> Nodes -> Fill between Nds.

Utility Menu -> PlotCtrls -> Numbering.

Preprocessor -> Create -> Elements ->-Auto Numbered-Thru Nodes


2. Apply constraints and forces on the model:

To apply constraints:

Solution -> -Loads- Apply -> -Structural- Displacement -> On Nodes


Solution -> -Loads- Apply -> -Structural- Force/Moment -> On Nodes


8. Solve the problem:

Solution -> -Solve- Current LS


9. Plot the deformed shape:

General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Deformed Shape

10. List reaction forces:

General Postproc -> List Results -> Reaction Solution

11. List nodal displacements:

General Postproc -> List Results -> Nodal Solution -> DOF Solution -> ALL DOFs

12. Define element table items for subsequent plotting and listing of various stress results.


13. List element table results. :

(c) General Postproc -> List Results -> Elem Table Data

1) General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Line Elem Res

2) General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Elem Table

15. Exit ANSYS. Toolbar: Quit ->Save Everything -> OK

RESULT


Ex.No.3

Date:

AIM

3. STRESS ANALYSIS OF A PLATE WITH CIRCULAR HOLE

To analysis the given problem to be modeled in this example is a simple bracket shown in the

following fig. This bracket is to be built from a 20mm thick steel plate is shown below this plate will

be fixed at the two small holes on the left and have a load applied to the larger hole on the right


1. Give the Simplified Version a Title

Utility Menu > File > Change Title

2. Create the main rectangular shape

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners

This will create a rectangle where the bottom left corner has the coordinates 0, 0, 0 and the top

right corner has the coordinates 200, 100, 0.

3. Create the circle

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Circle > Solid Circle

This will create a circle where the center has the coordinates 100,50,0 (the center

of the rectangle) and the radius of the circle is 20 mm.

4. Subtraction

Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Subtract > Areas.

5. Define the Type of Element

Preprocessor Menu > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete

[Add the element: PLANE82]

6. Define Geometric Properties

Preprocessor menu > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete [Enter a thickness of 20mm]

7. Element Material Properties

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material models > Structural > Linear > Elastic >

Isotropic

We are going to give the properties of Steel. Enter the following when prompted:


EX 200000

PRXY 0.3

8. Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > Manual Size > Areas > All Areas [Element

minimum edge length of 20]

9. Mesh

Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free

10. Saving Your Job

Utility Menu > File > Save as...

Define Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving


Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis


Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Lines

[This location is fixed which means that all DOF's are constrained]

3. Apply Loads

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Lines

[There is a load of 20N/mm distributed]

4. Solving the System



1. Deflection

General Postproc > Plot Results > Nodal Solution... Then select DOF solution, USUM in

the window

2. Stresses

General Postproc > Plot Results > Nodal Solution... Then select Stress, von Mises in the

window.

You can list the von Mises stresses to verify the results at certain nodes

General Postproc > List Results. Select Stress, Principals SPRIN

General Postproc > List Results. Select Stress, Principals SPRIN

RESULT


AIM:

To determine the deformed shape and Stress distribution for a Corner Bracket using ANSYS

software.

Ex.No.4

Date:

4. STATIC ANALYSIS OF A CORNER BRACKET

fixed pindia 100 hole

600

200

Thickness=1mm R5

400

Tappered pressureload from 500 N/sq.mmto 5000 N/sq.mm.

200

Material properties: A36 Steel, Young’s modulus: 2E06 N/sq.m., Poisson’s ratio: 0.27


1. Give the Simplified Version a Title

Utility Menu > File > Change Title

Step 1: Define rectangles.

Main Menu>Preprocessor>Modeling> Create>Areas> Rectangle>By Dimensions

Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display WorkingPlane

Utility Menu> WorkPlane> WP Settings

Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Offset WP to> Keypoints

Step 2: Define circle.

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle

Step 5: Add areas.

Main Menu> Preprocessor>Modeling> Operate> Booleans>Add> Areas


Step 6: Create line fillet.

Utility Menu> PlotCtrls>NumberingMain Menu>

Preprocessor> Modeling>Create> Lines> Line FilletUtility Menu> Plot> Lines

Step 7: Create fillet area.

Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Pan, Zoom, Rotate

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling>Create> Areas> Arbitrary> By Lines

Step 8: Add areas together.

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling>Operate> Booleans> Add> Areas

Step 9: Create first pin hole.

Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane


Step 10: Move working plane and create second pin hole.

Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Offset WP to> Global Origin


Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane

Utility Menu> Plot> Replot

Utility Menu> Plot> Lines

Step 11: Subtract pin holes from bracket.

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Subtract> Areas

Step 12.Define Materials

Main Menu>PreferencesDefine material properties.Main Menu>Preprocessor>Material

Props>Material Models

Step 13.Define element types and options.

Main Menu> Preprocessor>Element Type>Add/Edit/Delete[Add the element: PLANE82]

Step 14. Define real constants.

Main Menu>Preprocessor> RealConstants>Add/Edit/Delete

Step 15.Generate Mesh

Main Menu>Preprocessor> Meshing>Mesh Tool


Define Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

Step 1: Apply displacement constraints.

Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural>Displacement> On Lines

Step 2: Apply displacement constraints.

Main Menu> Solution> DefineLoads> Apply> Structural>Displacement> On Lines

Utility Menu> Plot Lines

Step 3: Apply pressure load.

Main Menu> Solution> DefineLoads> Apply> Structural>Pressure> On Lines

Step 4: Solve.

Toolbar: SAVE_DB.

Main Menu> Solution>Solve> Current LS

Step 5: Enter the general postprocessor and read in the results.

Main Menu> General Postproc> Read Results> First Set

Step 6: Plot the deformed shape.

Main Menu> GeneralPostproc> Plot Results>Deformed Shape

Utility Menu> Plot Ctrls>Animate> Deformed Shape

Step 7: Plot the von Mises equivalent stres

Utility Menu> Plot Ctrls>Animate> Deformed

Step 8: List reaction solution.

Main Menu> General Postproc>List Results> Reaction Solu

RESULT


Ex.No.5

Date:

AIM:

5. STRESS ANALYSIS OF AN AXIS -SYMMETRIC COMPONENT

To analysis axis symmetry in the model will be that of a closed tube made from steel. Point loads

will be applied at the center of the top and bottom plate to make an analytical verification simple to

calculate. A 3/4 cross section view of the tube is shown below. As a warning, point loads will create

discontinuities in the model near the point of application. If you chose to use these types of loads in your

own modeling, be very careful and be sure to understand the theory of how the FEA package is applying

the load and the assumption it is making. In this case, we will only be concerned about the stress

distribution far from the point of application, so the discontinuities will have a negligible effect.



Utility Menu > File > Change Title...


ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor

3. Create Areas

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By Dimensions

Following table:

Rectangle X1 X2 Y1 Y2

1 0 20 0 5

2 15 20 0 100

3 0 20 95 100


4. Add Areas Together

Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Add > Areas


Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete...

For this problem we will use the PLANE2 [Axisymmetric]


Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear >

Elastic > Isotropic

We are going to give the properties of Steel. Enter the following when prompted:

EX 200000

PRXY 0.3

7. Define Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > All Areas

[An element edge length of 2mm]

8. Mesh the frame

Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > click 'Pick All'





Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > Symmetry B.C. > On Lines

Pick the two edges on the left, at x=0.

Utility Menu > Select > Entities

[Select Nodes and By Location from the scroll down menus. Click Y coordinates and type in

50]

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Nodes > Pick All

Constrain the nodes in the y-direction (UY).

3. Utility Menu > Select > Entities

[In the select entities window, click Select All to reselect all nodes.]

4. Apply Loads

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On Key points

[Pick the top left corner of the area and click OK. Apply a load of 100 in the FY direction.

Pick the bottom left corner of the area and click OK. Apply a load of -100 in the FY direction.

]


5. Solve the System



1. Determine the Stress Through the Thickness of the Tube

o Utility Menu > Select > Entities...

Select Nodes > By Location > Y coordinates and type 45, 55 in the Min, Max box.

o General Postproc > List Results > Nodal Solution > Stress > Components SCOMP

2. Plotting the Elements as Axisymmetric

Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Symmetry Expansion > 2-D Axi-symmetric...

RESULT


Ex.No.6

Date:

6.1 Modal Analysis of a Cantilever Beam

AIM

To perform the modal analysis of a given cantilever beam using subspace method using ANSYS

software


Create elemental model of a simple cantilever beam with the given material properties

Solution: Assigning Loads and Solving

1. Define Analysis

Type Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Modal>

1. Set options for analysis type:

o Select: Solution > Analysis Type > Analysis Options...

o As shown, select the Subspace method and enter 5 in the 'No. of modes to extract'

o Check the box beside 'Expand mode shapes' and enter 5 in the 'No. of modes to expand'

o Click 'OK'


Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Key pointsFix Key

point 1 (ie all DOFs constrained).

3. Solve the System



1. Verify extracted modes against theoretical predictions

o Select: General Postproc > Results Summary...

The following window will appear


2. View Mode Shapes

o Select: General Postproc > Read Results > First Set

This selects the results for the first mode shape

o Select General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed shape . Select 'Def + undef edge'

The first mode shape will now appear in the graphics window.

o To view the next mode shape, select General Postproc > Read Results > Next Set. As above

choose General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed shape . Select 'Def + undef edge'.

o The first four mode shapes should look the window

2. Animate Mode Shapes

o Select Utility Menu (Menu at the top) > Plot Ctrls > Animate > Mode Shape

o Keep the default setting and click 'OK'

RESULT


Ex.No.6

Date:

6.2 Modal Analysis of a Cantilever Beam

AIM


software




1. Define Analysis

Type Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Modal>



o As shown, select the Subspace method and enter 5 in the 'No. of modes to extract'

o Check the box beside 'Expand mode shapes' and enter 5 in the 'No. of modes to expand'

o Click 'OK'


Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Key

(ie all DOFs constrained).

6. Solve the System



3. Verify extracted modes against theoretical predictions

o Select: General Postproc > Results Summary...

The following window will appear


2. View Mode Shapes

o Select: General Postproc > Read Results > First Set

This selects the results for the first mode shape

o Select General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed shape . Select 'Def + undef edge'

The first mode shape will now appear in the graphics window.

o To view the next mode shape, select General Postproc > Read Results > Next Set. As above

choose General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed shape . Select 'Def + undef edge'.

o The first four mode shapes should look the window

4. Animate Mode Shapes

o Select Utility Menu (Menu at the top) > Plot Ctrls > Animate > Mode Shape

o Keep the default setting and click 'OK'

RESULT


Ex.No.7

Date:

AIM:

7. Harmonic Analysis of a Cantilever Beam


software




1. Define Analysis

Type Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Harmonic



o Select the full solution method the real +imaginary DOF printout format and do not use

lumped mass approx.

o Click 'OK'

o Use the default setting click OK

o


o Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On nodes

(Constrined all DOFs constrained)

4. Apply Loads

o Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment> On nodes

o Select the node at X=1(far right)

5. Set the frequency range

o Select Solution>load step Opts>Time/Frequency >Freq and substps…

o Specific frequency range of 0-100 Hz, substeps and stepped b.c


6. Solve the System

o Solution > Solve > Current LS


1. Open the Time History Processing Menu

2. Define Variables

o Select TimeHist Postpro >Variable Viewer…

o Select add

o We are interested in the nodal solution>DOF solution >Y-component of displacement.

Click OK

3. List stored variables

4. Plot UY vs. Frequency

RESULT


Ex.No.8

Date:

AIM:

8. SIMPLE CONDUCTION EXAMPLE

To analysis in the Simple Conduction Example is constrained as shown in the following figure.

Thermal conductivity (k) of the material is 10 W/m*C and the block is assumed to be infinitely long.





3. Create geometry

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X=0, Y=0,

Width=1, Height=1


Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... > click 'Add' > Select Thermal Mass

Solid, Quad 4Node 55


Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic >

KXX = 10 (Thermal conductivity)

6. Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > All Areas > 0.05

7. Mesh

Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All



Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Steady-State



o Solution > Define Loads > Apply

Thermal > Temperature > On Nodes

o Click the Box option (shown below) and draw a box around the nodes on the top line.

o Fill the window in as shown to constrain the side to a constant temperature of 500

o Using the same method, constrain the remaining 3 sides to a constant value of 100

3. Solve the System



1. Results Using ANSYS

Plot Temperature

General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > DOF solution,

Temperature

RESULT


Ex.No.9

Date:

AIM:

9. THERMAL - MIXED BOUNDARY EXAMPLE

(CONDUCTION/CONVECTION/INSULATED)

To analysis in this tutorial was a simple thermal example. Analysis of a simple conduction as well

a mixed conduction/convection/insulation problem will be demonstrated.

The Mixed Convection/Conduction/Insulated Boundary Conditions Example is constrained as shown in

the following figure (Note that the section is assumed to be infinitely long):





3. Create geometry

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X=0, Y=0,

Width=1, Height=1


Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... > click 'Add' > Select Thermal Mass

Solid, Quad 4Node 55


Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic >

KXX = 10

6. Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > All Areas > 0.05


7. Mesh

Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All



Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Steady-State

2. Apply Conduction Constraints

o Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On Lines

3. Apply Convection Boundary Conditions

o Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Convection > On Lines

4. Apply Insulated Boundary Conditions

o Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Convection > On Lines

5. Solve the System



1. Results Using ANSYS

Plot Temperature

General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > DOF solution,

Temperature

RESULT


Ex.No.10

Date:

AIM:

10. COUPLED STRUCTURAL/THERMAL ANALYSIS

To perform the coupled thermal/structural analysis of a given link using ANASYS software

PROBLEM DISCRETION

This tutorial was completed using ANSYS 9.0 The purpose of this tutorial is to outline a simple

coupled thermal/structural analysis. A steel link, with no internal stresses, is pinned between two solid

structures at a reference temperature of 0 C (273 K). One of the solid structures is heated to a temperature

of 75 C (348 K). As heat is transferred from the solid structure into the link, the link will attemp to

expand. However, since it is pinned this cannot occur and as such, stress is created in the link. A steady-

state solution of the resulting stress will be found to simplify the analysis.

Loads will not be applied to the link, only a temperature change of 75 degrees Celsius. The link is

steel with a modulus of elasticity of 200 GPa, a thermal conductivity of 60.5 W/m*K and a thermal

expansion coefficient of 12e-6 /K.


Utility Menu > File > Change Title ...

/title, Thermal Stress Example




3. Define Keypoints

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS...

We are going to define 2 key points for this link as given in the following table:


Keypoint Coordinates (x,y,z)

1 (0,0)

2 (1,0)

4. Create Lines

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > In Active Co-ord


Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete...

For this problem we will use the LINK33 element

6. Define Real Constants

Preprocessor > Real Constants... > Add... AREA: 4e-4


Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic

KXX:

8. Define Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines...

(Mesh size .1 meter)

9. Mesh the frame

Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All'

10. Write Environment

Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Write

In the window that appears, enter the TITLE Thermal and click OK.

11. Clear Environment

Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Clear > OK

Structural Environment - Define Physical Properties

Since the geometry of the problem has already been defined in the previous steps, all that is required is to

detail the structural variables.

1. Switch Element Type

Preprocessor > Element Type > Switch Elem Type

Choose Thermal to Struc from the scoll down list.

This will switch to the complimentary structural element automatically. In this case it is

LINK 8.



Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic >

Isotropic

In the window that appears, enter the following geometric properties for steel:

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Thermal Expansion Coef

> Isotropic

3. Write Environment

Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Write

In the window that appears, enter the TITLE Struct




2. Read in the Thermal Environment

Solution > Physics > Environment > Read

Choose thermal and click OK.



Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On Keypoints

Set the temperature of Keypoint 1, the left-most point, to 348 Kelvin.

4. Solve the System


5. Close the Solution Menu

Main Menu > Finish

It is very important to click Finish as it closes that environment and allows a new one to be

opened without contamination. If this is not done, you will get error messages.The thermal

solution has now been obtained. If you plot the steady-state temperature on the link, you will see

it is a uniform 348 K, as expected. This information is saved in a file labelled Jobname.rth, were

.rth is the thermal results file. Since the jobname wasn't changed at the beginning of the analysis,

this data can be found as file.rth. We will use these results in determing the structural effects.

6. Read in the Structural Environment

Solution > Physics > Environment > Read

Choose struct and click OK.


Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Keypoints

Fix Keypoint 1 for all DOF's and Keypoint 2 in the UX direction.

8. Include Thermal Effects


Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Temperature > From Therm Analy

9. Define Reference Temperature

Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Settings > Reference Temp

For this example set the reference temperature to 273 degrees Kelvin.

10. Solve the System



1. Get Stress Data

Since the element is only a line, the stress can't be listed in the normal way. Instead, an

element table must be created first.

General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table > Add

Fill in the window as shown below. [CompStr > By Sequence Num > LS > LS,1

2. List the Stress Data

General Postproc > Element Table > List Elem Table > COMPSTR > OK

RESULT


Ex.No.11

Date:

AIM:

Problem :

11. Performing a Harmonic Response Analysis in MEMS

A Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) resonant micro fan is used for fluidic transport. The fan

consists of a thin plate of polysilicon supported by two torsional support arms and suspended over a

ground plate. The fan oscillates when the electric field created by an AC voltage source forces the fan

toward and away from the ground plate at the natural frequency of its first mode shape. A mechanical

load (4.92e-5 MPa), which is of equivalent magnitude to the electrostatic loading, will be applied to the

model to represent the electrostatic loading.

The dimensions and material properties for the fan are

shown below.

Table 1: Material Properties for polysilicon.

Polysilicon

Young’s Modulus 169 GPa

Poisson’s Ratio 0.22

Density 2320 kg/m3


GUI STEPS

(GoTo Utility Menu)

PlotCtrls

Numbering

(Go to Lines and click) OFF (then OFF will be toggled to ON)

(Go to Areas and click) OFF (then OFF will be toggled to ON)

OK

(Go to Main Menu)

Preprocessor - >Element Type - > Add/Edit/Delete - >Add

Coupled-Field & Scalar Brick 5 & OK

Material Props- > Material Models - > Structural - >Linear - >Elastic - >

Isotropic

EX = 169e3

PRXY = 0.22


Density

Density = 2320e-18 & OK

Modeling - > Create - > Volumes - >Block - >By Dimensions

(Click X1 box) -300 (Click X2 box) 300

(Click Y1box) 0 (Click Y2 box) 25

(Click Z1box) 0 (Click Z2 box) 1.5 & Apply

(Click X1 box) -300 (Click X2 box) 300



(Click X1 box) -300 (Click X2 box) -350



(Click X1 box) 300 (Click X2 box) 350



(Click X1 box) -350 (Click X2 box) -400



(Click X1 box) 350 (Click X2 box) 400


(Click Z1box) 0 (Click Z2 box) 1.5 & OK

Operate - > Booleans- >Glue- >Volumes- >Pick All & OK

Meshing- >Mesh Tool

Click on the Lines Set button

Pick All

SIZE = 25 & OK

Shape: Select the Hex and Mapped options

Click the Mesh Button

Pick All & OK

Solution- >Analysis Type- >New Analysis- >Static & OK

Analysis Options- >Stress stiffness or prestress: Select Prestress ON

OK


(Go to Utility Menu)

Select- >Entities- >Select Areas- >Select By Location- >Select Z coordinates

Min, Max: 0

OK

Plot- >Areas-

(Go to Main Menu)

Solution- >Define Loads- >Apply- >Structural- >Displacement- >On Areas

Pick areas 49 & 53 & OK

Select All DOFs

Value = 0 & OK


Select- >Entities- >Select Areas- >Select By Location- >Select Z coordinates

Min, Max: 1.5

OK


Plot

Areas

(Go to Main Menu)

Solution

Define Loads- >Apply- >Structural- >Pressure- >On Areas- >Pick areas 2 & 38 & OK

Value: 4.92e-5 & OK


Select

Everything

(Go to Main Menu)

Solution- >Solve- >Current LS

Ignore the 3 warnings & Yes

Close the /Status Command window & Solution Done window

Analysis Type- >New Analysis- >Modal & OK- >Analysis Options- >Select Block Lanczos

No. of modes to extract: 3

Expand mode shapes: click to check Yes

No. of modes to expand: 3

Incl prestress effects?: click to check Yes

OK


FREQB Start Frequency: 0

FREQE End Frequency: 100000

OK

Solve

Current LS

Ignore 3 warnings & Yes

General PostProc

Results Summary


These are the frequencies for the first 3 mode shapes of the fan (the actual values may differ slightly).

Read Results

By Pick

Select Set 1 & Read & Close


PlotCtrls

Animate

Mode Shape …

DOF Solution & Deformed Shape & OK


(Go to Main Menu)

Solution- >Analysis Type- >New Analysis- >Harmonic & OK- >Analysis Options

OK

Incl prestress effects?: click to check Yes

OK

Load Step Opts- >Time/Frequency- >Freq and Substeps- >Harmonic freq range: 0 and 26000


Number of substeps: 26

Stepped or ramped b.c.: select Stepped

OK

Solve

Current LS

Ignore the 3 warnings & Yes

Close the /Status Command window & Solution Done window

(Go to Main Menu)

General Postproc

Results Summary

(Go to Main Menu)

TimeHist Postpro

Time History Variables Window appears:

Click Add Data button

Add Time-History Variable Window Appears

Choose Nodal Solution

DOF

Z-component of displacement & OK

Input node 243 & Enter & OK

Click Graph Data button

The resulting plot shows the displacement in the z-direction for node 243 (the node corresponding to

x=0, y=145, z=1.5) as a function of the frequency. The natural frequency at the fan’s first mode shape

is

17604 Hz.

RESULT:


Ex.No.12

Date:

AIM:

Problem

12. Design optimization

To optimize the given problem

Find the minimum-weight (i.e., minimum volume) design of the truss structure shown in figure.

Treat the cross-sectional area as the design variable and subject the model to the following

constraints:

• Stress s in any member should in be the range -20000 < s < 10000

• Vertical deflection should not exceed 0.05

• Cross sectional area should be in the range 0.25 < A < 2.5.

In this problem, the design variable is the cross sectional area, the state variables are the

maximum displacements (d) and the axial stresses (s) in the truss system. The total volume of all

elements is the objective function to be minimized.

GUI STEPS

1. Build the model parametrically and initialize design variables

The quantities used for DVs and SVs must be assigned an alphanumeric label and their values

initialized using the Parameters menu. The parameters for design variables are defined at the beginning of

the model creation. The design variables must be initialized, the initial values can be specified arbitrarily,

as far as they are within the acceptable range. The parameters for SVs will be created in the postprocessor

after solving the model.


In this example, area of cross-section is the only design variable. Thus only one parameter called AREA

is defined here. Later in the input all reference to parameter should be through its name.

• ANSYS Utility Menu > Parameters > Scalar Parameters > Selection [ AREA=0.6 ]

• Parameters > Save Parameters > OK

• ANSYS Toolbar > SAVE_DB

If we wanted to use different sections for different members in the truss, we could use several

parameters, say AREA1, AREA2, etc. While defining real constants, then we would refer to the

appropriate parameters.

2. Define the element type (LINK1) and material properties.

• Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Add > Structure Link > [ 2D spar 1]

• Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete > Add > Real Constant Set No.[1] >

Cross Sec Area [ AREA ]

• Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear

Elastic > Isotropic > > EX [ 30E6 ] > PRXY [0.3]

3. Begin the model creation.

• Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create

Nodes > In Active CS

NODE [ 1 ] X,Y,Z [ 6 ] [ 0 ] [ 0 ] > Apply

NODE [ 2 ] X,Y,Z [ 18 ] [ 0 ] [ 0 ] > Apply

NODE [ 3 ] X,Y,Z [ 0 ] [ 8 ] [ 0 ] >Apply

NODE [ 4 ] X,Y,Z [ 12 ] [ 8 ] [ 0 ] >Apply

NODE [ 5 ] X,Y,Z [ 24 ] [ 8 ] [ 0 ] >OK

• Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create

Elements > -Auto Numbered- Thru Nodes +

[ Node 1 and 2] > Apply






[ Node 4 and 5] > OK

4. Apply boundary conditions and loading.


• Solution > -Define Loads- Apply > -Structural- Displacements > On nodes

[ Node 5]: All dof

[ Node 2]: UY

• Solution > -Define Loads- Apply > -Structural- Force/Moments > On nodes

• Apply loads

[ Node 4]: [ FY ] > VALUE [ -1000 ]

[ Node 3]: [ FY ] > VALUE [ -2000 ]

5. Initiate the solution

• Solution > -Solve- Current LS

6. Retrieve results parametrically in the postprocessor.

This is where you retrieve results data and assign them to parameters. ANSYS provides a number of

commands that allows us to retrieve the value of selected variables, to pick out the maximum/minimum

value from a pre-selected result array, and so on. At the end of an optimization loops, the state variables

are evaluated, and the design variable are reset to continue the analysis.

Important Note: Follow the steps below very carefully. Make sure to click on options in the dialog boxes

even if they appear already selected. If you don't do this Ansys sometimes does not create a proper LGW

file needed for optimization.

• General Postproc > Read Result > Last Set

We sort nodes based on absolute value of UY deflection.

• General Postproc > List Results > -Sorted Listing- Sort Nodes... > KABS [ Yes ]

Item, Comp [ DOF solution ] [ Translation UY ] > OK

We now define a parameter DMAX = maximum absolute UY deflection

• ANSYS Utility Menu > Parameters >

Get Scalar Data > [ Result data ] [ Other operations ] > OK

Name of parameter to be defined [ DMAX ]

Data to be retrieved [ From sort oper'n ] [ Maximum value ] > OK

Next we set-up element table to extract volume and axial stress for each element. The command VOLU is

needed to get the element volume and LS, 1 is needed to get element stress. The labels AXIAL and VOL

are user-specified names for the element volume and axial stress.

• General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table > Add... > Lab [ VOL]

[ Geometry ] [ Elem volume VOLU ] > OK > Close


• General Postproc > Element Table > Sum of Each Item > OK

• General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table > Add... >

Lab [AXIAL] [By sequence num] [ LS ]> Selection [LS, 1] > OK > Close

Now we can use the element table data to create three remaining SVs, VOLUME = total volume of

elements, SMAX = maximum axial stress and SMIN= minimum axial stress. For volume we need to

choose element table sums so that we can get total volume of the truss and use it in defining the objective

function.

• Parameters > Get Scalar Data > [ Result data ] [ Elem table sums ] > OK >Name of parameter to be

defined [ VOLUME ] Element table item [ VOL ] > OK

• General Postproc > List Results > -Sorted Listing- Sort Elems... > KABS [ no ]

Item, Comp [ AXIAL ] > OK

• Parameters > Get Scalar Data > [ Result data ] [ Other operations ] > OK >Name of parameter to be

defined [ SMAX ] Data to be retrieved [ From sort oper'n ] [ Maximum value ] > Apply

[ Result data ] [ Other operations ] > OK >Name of parameter to be

defined [ SMIN ] Data to be retrieved [ From sort oper'n ] [ Minimum value ] > OK

7. Create the analysis file -- Important Step!

The following command creates a file (jobname.lgw) that represents the model database. This file

contains all commands that were used to create the current database. Ansys will use this file repeatedly

during optimization iterations. Therefore it is important to make sure that this file is free of any errors.

• ANSYS Utility Menu > File > write DB Log File > OK

8. Initiate optimization analysis

Assign the jobname.LGW as the optimization analysis file.

• Design Opt > -Analysis File- Assign..> jobname.lgw > OK

Choose design and state variables from the list of parameters created earlier and define

appropriate ranges.

• Design Opt > Design Variables... > Add...

> AREA MIN [ 0.25 ] MAX [ 2.5 ] > OK > Close

• Design Opt > State Variables... > Add...

> DMAX MIN [ 0 ] MAX [ 0.05 ] > Apply

> SMAX MIN [ -20000 ] MAX [ 10000 ] > Apply

> SMIN MIN [ -20000 ] MAX [ 10000 ] > OK > Close

Choose objective function from the list of parameters created earlier.


• Design Opt > Objective... > VOLUME > OK

Choose an optimization method. Select the maximum number of iterations.

• Design Opt > Method/Tool... > MNAME [ Sub-Problem ] > OK

> NITR [ 30 ] NINFS [ 7 ] > OK

Note. ANSYS offers two optimization methods: the sub-problem approximation method and the

first order method. The first method essential sweeps through the values of the design variables in

the ranges and select the optimal design. The second involves more sophisticated mathematical

tool (e.g., sensitivity analysis). In either case, the solution is obtained through a number of

iterations.

Start the optimization iterations

• Design Opt > Run... > Begin Execution of Run > OK

Ansys will stop if it finds an optimum or if the number of iterations reaches the specified

maximum. Once the loop terminates, we can then review results and decide whether further

iterations if needed. There are options for plotting history of objective function and other

parameters as function of number of iterations.

• Design Opt > -Design Sets- List...> OK

• Design Opt > -Design Sets- Graphs/Tables > [XVAROPT ] Set number

NVAR VOLUME > OK


Ex.No.13

Date:

AIM:

13. C Bracket Modeling Tutorial using ANSYS WORKBENCH

To create solid modeling of the c bracket

You can open Ansys from within SolidWorks (via Tools�Add Ins�Ansys 11) or directly:

1. Start�Programs�Ansys�Workbench (which may take about 10 minutes to open) lets you access

the Workbench Start window

2. Clicking on Geometry will let you begin sketching and modifying the part:


3. The Design Modeler page opens (top region shown) and the user is required to select the desired units.

Sketching

4. On the left of the page select Sketching to open the construction Tree Outline

5. In the Tree Outline select the XYPlane for the initial sketch. It opens as an isometric view. Select the

Look At (or Normal To) icon to get the true shape view


6. On the left of the page the Sketching Toolboxes panel appears with the list of line options

7. From the list pick Line to begin the input of straight lines outlining the bracket shape. Symbols such as

V, and H appear to denote when the line is vertical or horizontal, etc.


8. To require the two end segments to have the same length select Constraints�Equal Length and click

on the

two end segments.

9. Begin describing the dimensions to be available as parametric design features with

Dimensions�General and select the leftmost vertical edge. The parameter V1 appears as a dimension.

The letter means that it is a vertical line. The value of the actual dimension will be assigned shortly. Note

that there are several choices for dimensions in the Dimensions panel.

10. The inclined segment of the bracket does not appear to have parallel sides as desired. To assure that it

does select (on the left of the page) Constraints�Parallel and pick the two lines. Note that the

Constraints panel has several common types available for the user.


11. Continue with the remaining length dimensions via Dimensions�Horizontal and select the three

locations.

12. For the final parameter specify the angle of the inclined leg: Dimensions�Angle and pick the

inclined line and the bottom line. Sometimes you will want to right click to specify an Alternate Angle

choice.

13. At this point the actual parametric dimensions will be input to replace those in the initial sketch. On

the left of the page the Details View panel contains the Dimensions sub‐panel with the default

dimension names (V1, L4, etc) and their as sketched initial values. Click on each value to be changed and

type in the desired values. The sketch changes shape to reflect the new dimension values.


Extrusion


14. Having completed the cross‐sectional sketch you are ready to form a solid with an Extrude operation.

Note that

icon at the top of the page, along with other construction features like Revolve, Sweep, Loft, etc.

15. Change to an Isometric View (by any of various methods) to be able to see the extrusion normal to

the sketch.

16. Pick the Generate icon at the top (this is a frequently used icon) to actually perform the extrusion. A

default extrusion length appears in the isometric view.

17. To specify a desired extrusion length use Details View�Details of Extrude 1 and click on Depth

and type in the actual length (here 20 mm).


Features

18. The part is almost complete except for interior fillets and the support bolt hole. To create the bolt hole

it is necessary to select one of the two top planes, insert a circle sketch, and cut out the hole. At the page

top pick the Select Face icon, and click on the lower surface (the top would have actually been easier).

19. In the Tree Outline right click on Body�Create�New Plane. A default new plane name will appear

in the tree.


20. Use Sketching�Sketching Toolboxes�Circle and place the circle near the center of the surface.

21. Add the new dimensions with Dimensions�Diameter, Dimensions�Vertical,

Dimensions�Horizontal, and provide the desired values via Details View�Dimensions for D1, H2, and

V3.

22. To form the cut select the Sketch_name and then Extrude


23. A default extrude length appears. Specify a cut with Details View�Operation and right click on Add

Material and change it to Cut Material. Use Details View�Extent Type�Through All�Generate.

24. For the fillets, pick the Select Edge filter icon and pick the three interior edges.

25. Form and dimension the fillets Create�Fixed Radius Blend followed by Details View�Details of

FBlend to set the radius to 3mm and Apply to see the fillets appear and finish the part.


Ex.No.14

Date:

Aim:

14. GEOMETRIC NON LINEAR PROBLEM IN ABAQUS

To solve the given non linear problem in ABAQUS

Problem

A rectangular steel cantilevered beam has a downward load applied to the one end. The load is expected

to produce plastic deformation. An experimentally determined stress strain curve was supplied for the

steel material. We will investigate the magnitude and depth of plastic strain.

Analysis Steps

Begin with the geometry from the shell tutorial

2. Create a set for the upper‐center vertex


a. Expand the Assembly node in the model tree, and then double click on sets

b. Name the set and select geometry for the type

c. Select the vertex at the top of the part and select “Done”

3. Double click on the “Steps” node in the model tree

a. Name the step, set the procedure to “General”, and select “Static, General”

b. On the “Basic” tab, give the step a description

c. Include the nonlinear effects of large displacements

i. Nlgeom = On

d. On the “Incrementation” tab change the initial increment size to 0.1

4. Expand the Field Output Requests node in the model tree, and then double click on F‐Output‐1

(F‐Output‐1

was automatically generated when creating the step)

a. Uncheck the variables “Strains” and “Contact”


5. Expand the History Output Requests node in the model tree, and then right click on H‐Output‐1

(H‐Output‐1

was automatically generated when creating the step) and select Delete

6. Double click on the History Output Requests node

a. Name the history and select “Continue…”

b. Set the domain to “Sets” and select the set created above

c. Leave the frequency set to every increment (n=1)


d. For the output variables select the U2 displacement

7. Because the part is symmetrical and the flat surfaces are fully restrained only a quarter of the arch

needs to

be modeled

8. Because the flat surfaces are assumed to be fully restrained we do not need to include them, and can

instead

fix just the edge

9. Double click on the “BCs” node in the model tree

a. Name the boundary conditioned “Fixed” and select “Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre” for the type

b. Select the edge shown below and click “Done”


c. Select “ENCASTRE” for the boundary condition and click “OK”


a. Name the boundary conditioned “Zsymm” and select “Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre” for the

type

b. Select the edge shown below and click “Done”


c. Select “ENCASTRE” for the boundary condition

d. Repeat for the other symmetry condition “Xsymm”

11. Double click on the “Loads” node in the model tree

a. Name the load “Pressure” and select “Pressure” as the type

b. Select the quarter of the arch surface with the boundary conditions applied to it

c. Select the color corresponding to the top surface

d. For the magnitude enter 600

12. In the model tree double click on “Mesh” for the Arch part, and in the toolbox area click on the

“Assign

Element Type” icon

a. Select the portion of the geometry associated with the boundary conditions and load

b. Select “Standard” for element type


c. Select “Linear” for geometric order

d. Select “Shell” for family

e. Note that the name of the element (S4R) and its description are given below the element controls

f. Select “OK”

13. In the toolbox area click on the “Assign Mesh Controls” icon


b. Change the element shape to “Quad”

14. In the toolbox area click on the “Seed Edge: By Number” icon

a. Select the shorter edges of the portion of the geometry associated with the boundary conditions and

load

i. Specify 5 seeds

b. Select the longer curved edges of the portion of the geometry associated with the boundary

conditions and load

i. Specify 10 seeds

c. Select “Done”

15. In the toolbox area click on the “Mesh Region” icon


b. Select “Done”

16. In the model tree double click on the “Job” node

a. Name the job “Arch_geom_nonlinear”

b. Give the job a description

17. In the model tree right click on the job just created and select “Submit”

a. Ignore the message about unmeshed portions of the geometry

b. While Abaqus is solving the problem right click on the job submitted, and select “Monitor”

c. In the Monitor window check that there are no errors or warnings

i. Abaqus exits with an error

ii. Abaqus is unable to apply the full load

iii. Observing the final time solved, Abaqus only solved for the first 97.5519% of the load

iv. The results for the time steps Abaqus was successfully able to apply can still be viewed

18. In the model tree right click on the submitted job, and select “Results”


19. In the menu bar click on Viewport�Viewport Annotations Options

a. Uncheck the “Show compass option”

b. The locations of viewport items can be specified on the corresponding tab in the Viewport

Annotations Options

20. Display the deformed contour of the (Von) Mises stress overlaid with the undeformed geometry

a. In the toolbox area click on the following icons

i. “Plot Contours on Deformed Shape”

ii. “Allow Multiple Plot States”

iii. “Plot Undeformed Shape”

21. In the toolbox area click on the “Common Plot Options” icon

a. Note that when including the effects of geometric nonlinearities, the deformation scale factor

defaults to a value of 1

b. Click “OK”


Ex.No.15

Date:

15. MATERIAL NONLINEARITY PROBLEM IN ABAQUS

Aim:

To analyze the material non linearity problem in ABAQUS

Problem:

A rectangular steel cantilevered beam (100X10) has a downward load applied to the one end. The load is

expected to produce plastic deformation. An experimentally determined stress strain curve was supplied

for the steel material. We will investigate the magnitude and depth of plastic strain.

Analysis Steps

1. Start Abaqus and choose to create a new model database

2. In the model tree double click on the “Parts” node (or right click on “parts” and select Create)

3. In the Create Part dialog box (shown above) name the part and

a. Select “2D Planar”

b. Select “Deformable”

c. Select “Shell”

d. Set approximate size = 200

e. Click “Continue…”

4. Create the geometry shown below (not discussed here)

5. Double click on the “Materials” node in the model tree

a. Name the new material and give it a description

b. The stress strain data, shown below, was measured for the material used

i. This data is based on the nominal (engineering) stress and strain

Nominal Stress (Pa) Nominal Strain

0.00E+00 0.00E+00

2.00E+08 9.50E-04


2.40E+08 2.50E-02

2.80E+08 5.00E-02

3.40E+08 1.00E-01

3.80E+08 1.50E-01

4.00E+08 2.00E-01

ii. Abaqus expects the stress strain data to be entered as true stress and true plastic strain

1. In addition the modulus of elasticity must correspond to the slope defined by the

first point (the yield point)

iii. convert the nominal stress to true stress

iv. convert the nominal strain to true strain

v. To calculate the modulus of elasticity, divide the first nonzero true stress by the first nonzero

true strain

vi. convert the true strain to true plastic strain

0.00E+00

1.00E+08

2.00E+08

3.00E+08

4.00E+08

-5.00E-16 2.50E-02 5.00E-02 7.50E-02 1.00E-01 1.25E-01 1.50E-01 1.75E-01 2.00E-01

Nominal Stress (Pa)

Nominal Strain

vii. The results should be

True Stress (Pa) Plastic Strain Elastic Modulus (Pa)

2.002E+08 0.000E+00 2.1083E+11

2.460E+08 2.374E-02

2.940E+08 4.784E-02

3.740E+08 9.436E-02

4.370E+08 1.388E-01

4.800E+08 1.814E-01

c. Click on the “Mechanical” tab�Elasticity�Elastic

i. Enter the calculated modulus of elasticity, and Poison’s ratio of 0.3

d. Click on the “Mechanical” tab�Plasticity�Plastic

i. Enter the calculated true stress and plastic strain

1. Note that you can simply copy your calculated values from Excel (or similar) and

paste them into Abaqus


e. Click “OK”

6. Double click on the “Sections” node in the model tree

a. Name the section “PlaneStressProperties” and select “Solid” for the category and “Homogeneous”

for the type

b. Click “Continue…”

c. Select the material created above (Steel) and set the thickness to 5.

d. Click “OK”

7. Expand the “Parts” node in the model tree, expand the node of the part just created, and double click

on

“Section Assignments”

a. Select the entire geometry in the viewport and press “Done” in the prompt area

b. Select the section created above (PlaneStressProperties)

c. Verify “From section” is selected under “Thickness”

d. Click “OK”

8. Expand the “Assembly” node in the model tree and then double click on “Instances”

a. Select “Dependent” for the instance type

b. Click “OK”

9. Double click on the “Steps” node in the model tree

a. Name the step, set the procedure to “General”, and select “Static, General”

b. On the Basic tab, give the step a description and change the time period to 2

i. For this analysis neglect the effects of geometric nonlinearities (Nlgeom = Off)

c. On the Incrementation tab,

i. Set the initial increment size to 0.05

ii. Set the maximum increment size to 0.2

d. Click “OK”


a. Name the boundary conditioned “Fixed” and select “Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre” for the type

b. Select the left edge and click “Done”

c. Select “ENCASTRE” for the boundary condition and click “OK”

11. Double click on the “Amplitudes” node in the model tree

a. Name the amplitude “Triangular Loading” and select “Tabular”

b. Enter the data points shown below

i. Abaqus multiplies the load by the amplitude definition, therefore 0 is no load and 1 is the full

load

12. Double click on the “Loads” node in the model tree


a. Name the load and select “Surface traction” as the type

b. Select the right edge

c. Under Direction, click edit and select the upper-right corner as the first point, and the lower-right

corner as the second point

d. For the magnitude, enter 5e6

e. For the amplitude, select the amplitude created above (Triangular loading)

13. In the model tree double click on “Mesh” for the beam part, and in the toolbox area click on the

“Assign

Element Type” icon

a. Select the entire geometry

b. Select “Standard” for element type

c. Select “Quadratic” for geometric order

d. Select “Plane stress” for family

e. Note that the name of the element (S4R) and its description are given below the element controls

f. Select “OK”

14. In the toolbox area click on the “Assign Mesh Controls” icon


b. Change the element shape to “Quad”

c. Set the technique to “Structured”

15. In the toolbox area click on the “Seed Edges” icon

a. Select the left and right edges, click “Done”

b. Select “By number”

c. Set “Bias” to “None”

d. Under “Sizing Controls” enter 8 elements, Click “OK”

16. In the toolbox area ensure the “Seed Edges” icon is still selected

a. Select the top and bottom edges

b. Set “Method” to “By number” and “Bias” to “Single”

c. Set the number of elements to 50

d. Set the bias ratio to 2

e. The bias arrows point towards the direction of the smaller elements, so in this case they should point

to the left. If they don’t, click the “Select” button located to the right of “Flip Bias”

f. Select the top and bottom edges and select “Done”

g. The arrows should now point to the left

h. Click the “OK” button

17. In the toolbox area click on the “Mesh Part” icon


18. In the model tree double click on the “Job” node

a. Name the job “plastic_beam”

b. Give the job a description

19. In the model tree right click on the job just created and select “Submit”

a. Ignore the message about unmeshed portions of the geometry

b. While Abaqus is solving the problem right click on the job submitted, and select “Monitor”

c.

d. In the Monitor window check that there are no errors or warnings

i. If there are errors, investigate the cause(s) before resolving

ii. If there are warnings, determine if the warnings are relevant, some warnings can be safely

ignored

iii. In the far right column, note how Abaqus adjusted the increment

20. In the model tree right click on the submitted and successfully completed job, and select “Results”

21. In the menu bar click on Viewport�Viewport Annotations Options

a. Uncheck the “Show compass option”

b. The locations of viewport items can be specified on the corresponding tab in the Viewport

Annotations Options

22. Display the deformed contour of the (Von) Mises stress

a. In the toolbox area click on the following icons

i. “Plot Contours on Deformed Shape”

23. In the toolbox area click on the “Common Plot Options” icon

a. Set the Deformation Scale Factor to 1

b. Click “OK”

24. Click on the arrows on the context bar to change the time step being displayed

a. Click on the three squares to bring up the frame selector slider bar

25. To change the output being displayed, in the menu bar click on Results�Field Output

a. Select one of the plastic strain related outputs (PE or PEEQ)

b. Click “OK”

Alternatively, you can select the output variable from the corresponding toolbar (shown below).

Hint: If you don’t see the toolbar, go to view�Toolbars and activate the “Field output” to display the

toolbar (a checkmark will appear next to it).

Note that PE displays individual plastic strain (similar to principal strain) components, while PEEQ

variable

provides the equivalent plastic strain value (similar to vonMises equivalent stress).

ansys lab manual

Documents

stress analysis of beam

modal analysis

harmonic analysis

analysis lab1ex

static analysis

thermal stress analysis

stress analysis of anaxis

analysis lab2this menu