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Bottom of Form HOME COURSES CIRCLES HUBS Toronto Sydney ANSWERS BLOG PODCAST DONATE STUDENT LOG-INIs There a Grammatical Error in the Quran?DECEMBER 1, 2013BYEDITOR

Answered by Ustadh Tariq Abdul-RasheedQuestion: I have a question about 26:16 in the Quran. I have heard the argument that this verse contains a grammatical error as the word rasul (messenger) should be in the dual form and not in the singular as both Moses and Harun are being addressed. Could you explain this verse in terms of grammar and language.Answer:In the name of Allah the Beneficent the MercifulAs salaamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh,May Allah (swt) bless you and assist you for your concern and care to understand and learn His book, as the Prophet Muhammad (saw) said, The best of you are those who learn the Quran and teach it[al-Bukhari].Grammatical Errors in the QuranIt is not possible that a grammatical error occur in the Quran. Allah (swt) says, and this Quran is [in] a clear Arabic language [Nahl: 103]. In reality it is the Quran and the Prophetic Sunnah that has preserved the Arabic language not the opposite. However, it is possible that the reader of the Quran misunderstand or fall into error. In this regard it is an obligation for every Muslim to ask trustworthy scholars regarding the religious sciences in general and the Quran specifically because it is the foundation and primary source of our religion and the basis for guidance otherwise they are sinful.Surah Shu`ara:16Allah (swt) says, So go, both of you, to Pharaoh and say, We [both] are messenger[s] of the Lord of all the worlds [Mufti Muhammad Taqi Uthmani Translation]. This ayat is firmly established in Quran and has been transmitted by way of mutawatir and in referring to the works of tafsir there is no mention of a variant canonical recitation in relation to it. Therefore it is an obligation to believe in it as being the from Quran and likewise to act upon it. [Refer to Baydawi, Abu Hayyan, Ibn Atiyah, Ibn Ashur, al-Alusi and others]The Usage of the Singular Form of RasulAs for the usage of the singular from of rasul in the ayat as opposed to the dual form. This is acceptable in the Arabic language and the scholars of tafsir mention linguistic proofs for this type of usage in the works of the tafsir. Upon explaining the soundness of the usage of the singular, as in this case, they mention that the word rasul in its linguistic usage is a verbal noun (masdar) which has a shared meaning indicating both the meaning risalah (a message/mission) as well as mursal (messenger/something sent).This being the case (as they demonstrate with various others words in Arabic) then its usage in the singular, dual or plural forms is acceptable. [Refer to Baydawi, Abu Hayyan, Ibn Atiyah, Ibn Ashur and others]Quranic EloquenceSo the question arises, why is the singular form used and not the dual form? What is the significance of usage of the singular form in this ayat?Consider the context in which this verse comes as Allah (swt) mentions in the preceding verses:He (Ms) said, My Lord, I fear that they will reject me. My heart gets straitened, and my tongue is not fluent;so send for Hrn. Moreover, they have (leveled) a charge of offense against me, and I fear they will kill me;He (Allah) said, Never! (They will not be able to kill you.) So go, both of you, with Our signs. We are with you, listening (to the conversation you will have with him. [26:12-15]We see that Prophet Musa (as) was reticent in going to Pharaoh and asked Allah (swt) to send Harun (as) with him. So it was a time of worry, concern, and anxiety as the weight of delivering the message was heavy for Musa. So the eloquence of the Quran displays to us that in that state of trial and test Allah (swt) guaranteed to Musa (as) that He was close to make firm the heart of Musa (as) and give him reassurance.Allah (swt) then commands him in this ayat (26:16) So go, both of you, to Pharaoh and say, IndeedWearea messengerof the Lord of all the worlds. The usage of rasul in the singular indicates strength in this context more so than the dual. Allah (swt) also honors Musa and Harun (as) in using the genitive construction (mudaf wa mudaf ilayhi).Imam al-Baydawi as well as other scholars of tafsir mention a number of benefits of this usage:1. The singular usage emphasizes the strength of the brotherhood bond of Musa and Harun (as).2. It signifies the unity and strength between the messenger and the message (ie risalah and mursal)3. It emphasizes that both Musa and Harun are messengers sent to Pharaoh. Both having God-given authority.4. The erudite scholar Ibn Ashur mentions, [singularizing rasul] points to both Musa and Harun being commanded with delivering the message even if individually [Tahrir wa Tanweer]. Here the focus being the certainty of the message reaching.5. The great scholar of tafsir al-Baqa`i says, [The usage of the singular] points to their unity and oneness in opposition and agreement as if they were one person [nafsa wahida].A General PrincipleThe late scholar Ibn Ashur (ra) mentions a general principle of Quranic exegesis that is worthy of pointing out here. Namely, The multitude of meanings that are implied in sentences of the Quran are sought after. The Quran, because of its unique nature, is constantly giving birth to new meanings.If these meanings fall within the acceptable methods of Quranic exegesis then the multitude of meanings are sought after. Since, in this case, the various meanings of rasul mentioned by the scholars of tafsir do not conflict and fall within the realm of the acceptable methods of Quranic exegesis then all of these meaning are intended and sought after. Each of these meanings provides us different perspective by which to reflect and ponder the words of the Quran.Conclusion1. Grammatical mistakes do not occur in the Quran.2. The usage of rasul in the singular form in describing a dual in this context is permissible according to the scholars of Arabic language and scholars of tafsir.3. The eloquence of the Quran in using rasul in the singular form is appropriate for the context and gives birth to various meanings as mentioned above.and Allah (swt) knows bestTariq Abdul-RasheedChecked & Approved by Shaykh Ali Hani

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