answer chapter 5

Chapter 5 The Air Around Us / BAB 5: Udara di Sekeliling Kita

SMK CHUNG HUA, SIBUSCHOOL- BASED ASSESSMENTFORM 1 SCIENCE INSTRUMENT

Name: ________________________________ Class : _____________

I. C.Number : ________________________________ Date: : _____________

Name of Assessor: ________________________________ Evidence : B2D6E1

EVIDEN1. List the composition of air. / Senaraikan komponen-komponen dalam udara.

. a) Nitrogen b) Oxygen

b) Carbon dioxide d) Inert gases

c) Water vapour f) dust

g) microorganisms

2. Circle the composition of air. / Bulatkan komponen-komponen yang wujud dalam udara. (Answers: The same as the answers in Q. 1)

Nitrogen Hydrogen Carbon dioxide Water vapour DustNitrogen Hidrogen Karbon dioksida Wap air Habuk

Helium Oxygen Inert gases Microorganism SmokeHelium Oksigen Gas nadir Mikroorganisma Asap


Name: ________________________________ Class : _____________

I. C.Number : ________________________________ Date: : _____________


EVIDEN 1. State the characteristic of air to show that air is a mixture. Nyatakan sifat udara yang menunjukkan bahawa udara ialah campuran.

The contents by percentage of air vary from place to place.

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AchievedNot achieved




Name: ________________________________ Class : _____________

I. C.Number : ________________________________ Date: : _____________


EVIDEN

1. The pie chart below shows the percentage of gas A, B, C and D in the atmosphere. Carta pai di bawah menunjukkan peratusan gas A, B, C dan D dalam atmosfera .

a) What is gas A, B, C and D? / Apakah gas A,B, C dan D?

A: Nitrogen

B: Oxygen

C : Inert gases

D : Carbon dioxide

b) Besides gas A, B, C and D, what else are found in the atmosphere? Selain gas A, B, C dan D, apakah yang terdapat dalam atmosfera?

Water vapour, microorganisms and dust are found in the atmosphere.

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CB

A

D



Name: ________________________________ Class : _____________

I. C.Number : ________________________________ Date: : _____________


EVIDEN

1. Activitiy : Determine the percentage of oxygen in air. Aktiviti : Menentukan peratusan oksigen dalam udaraAim / Tujuan: To determine the percentage of oxygen in air.

Instruction / Arahan:1. Using a marker, mark the water level in the gas jar.

Tandakan aras air pada balang gas dengan menggunakan pen penanda dakwat kekal.2. Divide the gas jar into five equal parts using a marker. / Bahagikan ruang udara di dalam

balang gas kepada lima bahagian dengan menandakan pada balang gas.3. Invert the gas jar over the lighted candle. / Tutupkan lilin yang menyala dengan balang gas.4. Examine the change in the water level in the gas jar as the candle goes off. Apabila lilin terpadam, perhatikan aras air di dalam balang gas.

Discussion / Perbincangan1. Why does the flame of the candle go off after a little while? Mengapakah lilin terpadam selepas suatu jangka masa?

Because all the oxygen in the gas jar is used up.

2. What will happen to the water level at the end of the experiment? Why? Apakah yang berlaku kepada aras air pada akhir eksperimen? Mengapa?

The water level in the gas jar will rise at the end of the experiment because the water will enter the gas jar to replace the volume of gas that is used up as the candle burned.

3. What conclusion can you make concerning the percentage of oxygen from your observation? / Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda, apakah kesimpulan yang dapat dibuat tentang peratusan oksigen dalam udara?

One fifth of the volume of air consists of oxygen.

SMK CHUNG HUA, SIBU

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SCHOOL- BASED ASSESSMENTFORM 1 SCIENCE INSTRUMENT

Name: ________________________________ Class : _____________

I. C.Number : ________________________________ Date: : _____________


EVIDEN2. Activity: To show that air contains water vapour. Aktiviti: Menunjukkan udara mengandungi wap air.

Aim / Tujuan: To show that air contains water vapour.

Instruction / Arahan:

Instruction / Arahan:1. Observe the external surface of the beaker. Record your observation. Perhatikan perubahan permukaan luar bikar. Rekodkan pemerhatian anda.2. Test the liquid formed on the outside wall of the beaker with dry cobalt chloride paper. Uji titisan cecair yang terbentuk di permukaan luar bikar dengan menggunakan kertas kobalt klorida kontang. 3. Record changes of colour on dry cobalt chloride paper. Rekodkan perubahan warna yang berlaku pada kertas kobalt klorida kontang.

Discussion / Perbincangan1. What is the colour of liquid formed on the outside wall of the beaker? What is the liquid? Apakah warna titisan cecair yang terbentuk di permukaan luar bikar? Apakah cecair itu?

Colourless. The liquid is water.

2. When the liquid formed on the outside wall of the beaker is tested with dry cobalt chloride paper, the dry cobalt chloride paper changes from blue to pink.

Apabila kertas kobalt klorida kontang menyentuh titisan cecair di permukaan luar bikar, kertas kobalt klorida kontang bertukar dari ____________________ ke _____________

3. The liquid originates from the ice in the beaker. Cecair tersebut berasal dari ___________________

SMK CHUNG HUA, SIBU

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Petri dishes/ Piring petri

Water droplets/ Titisan cecair

Ice cube/ Ketulan ais

Beaker/ Bikar


SCHOOL- BASED ASSESSMENTFORM 1 SCIENCE INSTRUMENT

Name: ________________________________ Class : _____________

I. C.Number : ________________________________ Date: : _____________


EVIDENActivity: To show that air contains dust./ Menunjukkan udara mengandungi habuk.Aim / Tujuan: To show that air contains dust.


1. Prepare the apparatus as shown in the diagram above. Sediakan dua set radas seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah.

2. Cover one of the slides with Petri dishes. Expose another slide to the air. Tutup salah satu sisip kaca dengan piring petri. Biarkan satu lagi sisip kaca terdedah kepada udara.

3. Put the two sets of apparatus close to the window. Letakkan kedua-dua set radas itu, berdekatan dengan tingkap.

4. Observe the cellophane tapes after one week by using a magnifying glass. Selepas seminggu, perhatikan permukaan melekit kedua-dua pita selofan dengan menggunakan kanta pembesar. Rekodkan pemerhatian anda.

Discussion / Perbincangan1. Which cellophane tape looks dusty? / Pita selofan yang manakah kelihatan berhabuk?

The cellophane tape that is exposed to the air.

2. What conclusion can you make from this activity? / Nyatakan kesimpulan berdasarkan aktiviti ini.

Air contains dust.

4. Activity: To show that air contains microorganisms.

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Pita selofan


Aktiviti: Menunjukkan udara mengandungi mikroorganisma.

Aim / Tujuan: To show that air contains micro-organisms


1. You are provided with two petri dishes containing sterilised nutrient agar. Anda dibekalkan dua set piring petri berisi agar-agar bernutrien yang telah disterilkan.

2. Seal one of the petri dishes with cellophane tape. Expose the other petri dish to the air. Larikan satu piring petri dengan melilit pita selofan mengelilinginya dan biarkan satu set lagi terdedah kepada udara.

3. Observe the nutrient agar in the Petri dishes after four days. Record your observation. Selepas empat hari, periksa keadaan agar-agar bernutrien steril di dalam kedua-dua set piring petri. Rekodkan perubahan yang berlaku.

Discussion / Perbincangan

1. How do you find the nutrient agar that had been sterilized? Bagaimanakah keadaan agar-agar bernutrien yang baru disterilkan ?

The nutrient agar is clear. There are no dark spots inside.

2. After four days, which petri dish filled with nutrient agar has many dark spots inside? Selepas empat hari, agar-agar di dalam piring petri yang manakah mengandungi tompok- tompok hitam?

The petri dish that is exposed to the air.

3. What conclusion can you make from this activity? Nyatakan kesimpulan yang dapat anda buat berdasarkan aktiviti ini.

Air contains micro-organisms.

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Nutrient agar / Agar-agar bernutrien steril

Cover / Penutup

Piring petri


Mind Exercises / Latihan minda

Tick ( √ ) the correct statements. / Tandakan ( √ ) jika betul.


Name: ________________________________ Class : _____________

I. C.Number : ________________________________ Date: : _____________


EVIDENActivity: Gather information about air pollutionAktiviti : Mengumpul maklumat tentang pencemaran udara

Aim: Describe about air pollutionTujuan : Memerihalkan tentang pencemaran udara.

Instruction / Arahan :1. Each student gathers information from internet, reference books, and magazines about Secara individu, cari maklumat daripada internet, buku rujukan dan majalah tentang:

- air pollution / pencemaran udara.- examples of air pollutants and sources /Contoh bahan cemar udara dan sumber.- the effect of air pollution / Kesan pencemaran udara.- Steps to prevent and control /Langkah-langkah untuk menghalang dan mengawal

2. Collect pictures about air pollution. Paste them on a manila card. Write the explanation for each picture.

Kumpulkan juga gambar-gambar yang berkaitan dengan pencemaran udara. Tampal gambar-gambar tersebut di atas sekeping kad mania. Tulis penerangan bagi setiap gambar tersebut.

3. Show your poster in your class. / Pamerkan poster anda di hadapan kelas.

Pollution in Malaysia

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a) Air is made up of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, inert gases and other substances. / Udara terdiri daripada hydrogen,karbon dioksida, oksigen, gas nadir dan bahan-bahan lain.

V

b) The percentage of carcon dioxide present in the air is 0.03%.Peratusan karbon dioksida dalam udara ialah 0.03 %.

V

c) Clean air does not contain dust and microorganisms. Udara bersih tidak mengandungi habuk dan mikroorganisma.d) The highest percentage of gas in air is nitrogen. Peratusan gas yang paling banyak dalam udara ialah nitrogen.

V

e) One fifth of the air consists of oxygen. Satu per lima daripada isipadu udara ialah oksigen.

V




Pollution faced in Klang Valley Haze caused by open burning

A. Definition of air pollution Air pollution is the condition in which air is contaminated by foreign substances. These substances are harmful to our health and can cause damage to our environment.

B. Examples of air pollutants and sources Air pollutants consist of gaseous, liquid, or solid substances such as dust, smoke, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, pesticide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and so on. The following are some sources of air pollutants:

(i) Poisonous gases spewed out from industries in the course of production have greatly reduced the oxygen supply. Great amount of carbon dioxide and smoke are produced.

(ii) The increasing amount of cars in Malaysia has caused excess poisonous gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and heat to be emitted daily.

(iii) Open air burning for farming purposes and to get rid of excess rubbish, despite it being banned by law, has not been heeded by the people of Malaysia. It produces smoke and much heat is released. Haze occurred as a result.

(iv) Chlorofluorocarbon is produced by aerosol sprays and electronic factories.

C. The effect of air pollution Air pollution causes acid rain, ozone depletion, photochemical smog, health problems and other such phenomena.

D. Steps to prevent and control air pollution If the pipes that give out fumes in factories are built higher, the polluted air would not come so much in contact with human life, this would cause less diseases. To reduce air pollution caused by cars, we can practise car pool, use public transportation, bike or walk whenever possible. In this way, we can reduce the number of cars going into cities daily. Besides, we can also start using LPG in our cars since it is less harmful than petrol. Laws concerning open burning should be strictly enforce to cut down open burning to the minimum. Our country can also negotiate with our neighbouring concerning opening burning for the sake of agriculture.

SMK CHUNG HUA, SIBUSCHOOL- BASED ASSESSMENT

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http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/photochemical-smog.html

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/ozone-depletion.html

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/acid-rain.html

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/cause.html


FORM 1 SCIENCE INSTRUMENT

Name: ________________________________ Class : _____________

I. C.Number : ________________________________ Date: : _____________

Name of Assessor: ________________________________ Evidence : B4D11E1 & 2

EVIDENActivity: To study the properties of oxygen and carbon dioxide through activity. Menunjukkan sifat oksigen dan karbon dioksida melalui aktiviti.

Test Oxygen Carbon dioxide1. Solubility in water.

Keterlarutan dalam air.

Level of water rises a little in the test tube.Paras air naik _________ dalam tabung uji.

Level of water rises a little in the test tube.Paras air naik _________ dalam tabung uji.

2. Solubility in sodium hydroxide.

Keterlarutan dalam natrium hidroksida.

Sodium hydroxide solution does not rise in the test tube.Larutan natrium hidroksida _________________ dalam tabung uji.

Sodium hydroxide solution rises to fill up in the test tube.Larutan natrium hidroksida _________________ dalam tabung uji.

3. Testing with a burning wooden splinter.Ujian dengan kayu uji menyala.

Wooden splinter continues to burn.Kayu uji terus ___________

Flame of wooden splinter goes out.Nyalaan kayu uji ______________

4. Testing with a glowing wooden splinter.Ujian dengan kayu uji berbara.

The glowing wooden splinter ignites / lights up.Kayu uji berbara ______________

The glowing wooden splinter goes out Kayu uji berbara ______________

5. Testing with litmus paper.Ujian dengan kertas litmus.

No change in colours of the litmus paper______________ pada kertas litmus.

The moist blue litmus paper turns red Kertas litmus biru lembap bertukar kepada _________

6. Testing with bicarbonate indicator.Ujian dengan penunjuk bikarbonat.

The colour of the bicarbonate indicator remains red Warna penunjuk bikarbonat _______________

The bicarbonate indicator changed from red to yellow Penunjuk bikarbonat bertukar warna daripada _______ kepada _______

7. Test with lime water.Ujian dengan air kapur.

The lime water remains clear Air kapur _______________

The lime water turns cloudy Air kapur menjadi _______

SMK CHUNG HUA, SIBUSCHOOL- BASED ASSESSMENT

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FORM 1 SCIENCE INSTRUMENT

Name: ________________________________ Class : _____________

I. C.Number : ________________________________ Date: : _____________


EVIDEN

Activity / Aktiviti : To show that living things use oxygen during respiration Membuktikan benda hidup menggunakan oksigen semasa respirasi Aim / Tujuan:To show that living things use oxygen during respiration.

Hypothesis / Hipotesis: Living things use oxygen during respiration.

Variables / Pemboleh ubah: Manipulated variable / Pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan: The presence of a cockroachResponding variable / Pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas: Movement of indicator

Constant Variable / Pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan: Volume of air in boiling tube

Figure 1 / Rajah 1 Instruction / Arahan:

1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 1. Make sure that the three test tubes are in a horizontal position. / Sediakan radas seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1. Letakkan ketiga-tiga tabung didih dalam keadaan mengufuk.2. Mark the position of the indicator with a marker pen at the beginning of the experiment. / Tandakan kedudukan awal cecair berwarna ini dengan pen penanda.

3. Keep the apparatus in a dark cupboard for three hours. Simpan ketiga-tiga radas di dalam sebuah almari selama tiga jam.4. Mark the position of the indicator at the end of the experiment after three hours. Selepas 3 jam, tandakan kedudukan akhir penunjuk.

Discussion / Perbincangan

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1. What is the use of sodium hydroxide solution in this experiment? Apakah kegunaan larutan natrium hidroksida dalam eksperimen ini ?

To absorb carbon dioxide released by the cockroach. 2. Which boiling tubes have changes in the position of indicator after three hours? / Tabung didih yang manakah berubah kedudukan penunjuknya selepas tiga jam?

Test tubes with grasshoppers and germinating green peas.

3. What is the function of wire gauze? / Apakah fungsi kasa dawai?

To separate grasshoppers and germinating green peas from cotton soaked with sodium hydroxide solution.

4. What is the function of boiling tube Z? / Apakah kegunaan tabung didih Z ?

As a control.


Name: ________________________________ Class : _____________

I. C.Number : ________________________________ Date: : _____________


EVIDENInstruction / Arahan 1. Students are required to do a project whether in power point presentation, poster, video or

brochure. / Pelajar diminta membuat projek sama ada dalam bentuk persembahan power point, poster, video atau risalah .2. Content / isi kandungan:

(a) Life without clean air / keadaan kehidupan jika tiada udara bersih. (b) ways and lifestyle to keep the air clean / cara-cara dan amalan-amalan hidup kita untuk mengekalkan udara bersih di persekitaran. 3. Students are required to present in the class. Pelajar diminta membuat perbentangan di hadapan kelas.

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(The information below can be displayed or presented in the form of poster, PowerPoint, video or brochure.)

Without clean air, plants, animals and our health suffers.

Air pollutants and their effects upon our health.

Air pollutants Effects upon our health / environmentasbestos particles lung cancer.gases from motor vehicles liver failure and cancer.Carbon monoxide headaches, brain damage or death.Sulphur dioxide Bronchitis, pneumonia, lung cancer

Acid rain: damages plant and make iron rust faster.

chlorofluorocarbon Cause damage to ozone layer.Too much exposure to UV rays can cause skin cancer, eye diseases and the break down of body’s immune system.

Carbon dioxide Causes green-house effectWill result in global warming, changes in climate, rising sea levels, flooding

Ways and habits that keep the air clean. We limit the use of CFC in industry.

We encourage the use of Biodiesel in cars.

Chimneys of factories must be built to a certain height.

We encourage the use of solar energy.

We need to reallocate factories away from urban areas.

We need to minimize smoking habits.

People need to be educated to avoid open burn

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Name: ________________________________ Class : _____________

I. C.Number : ________________________________ Date: : _____________


EVIDEN

Activity: Carry out the experiment to show that differences of the oxygen content in inhaled air and exhaled air.

Aktiviti: Menjalankan eksperimen untuk menunjukkan perbezaan kandungan oksigen dalam udara sedutan dan udara hembusanAim / Tujuan: Compare the content of oxygen in inhaled and exhaled air.Variables / Pembolehubah:i) Constant variable / Yang dimalarkan Size of the gas jars.

ii) Manipulated variable / Yang dimanipulasikan: Type of air.

iii) Responding variable / Yang bergerak balas: Time taken for the candle flame to extinguish.

Instruction / Arahan:1. Prepare two gas jars, one containing inhaled air (ordinary air) while the other

exhaled air.Sediakan dua balang gas yang masing-masing mengandungi udara sedutan (udara biasa) dan udara hembusan.

2. Use an apparatus as shown in Diagram (a) to collect the exhaled air until the gas jar is filled.Gunakan radas seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah (a) untuk mengumpulkan udara hembusan sehingga memenuhi balang gas.

3. Close the gas jar when the gas jar is still in the water. Tutup balang gas dengan penutup ketika balang gas masih di dalam air.

4. Erect a lighted candle on a table and invert the gas jar containing exhaled air over the lighted candle as shown in Diagram (b). Immediately, start the stopwatch and record the time it takes for the candle flame to extinguish.Dirikan sebatang lilin menyala di atas meja dan telangkupkan balang gas yang mengandungi udara hembusan seperti pada Rajah (b), dan mulakan jam randik. Hentikan jam randik apabila nyalaan lilin terpadam dan catatkan masa.

5. Repeat step 4 using a gas jar containing ordinary air. Ulangi langkah di (4) dengan menggunakan balang gas yang berisi udara biasa.

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Discussion / Perbincangan:1. Air inhaled into the body is known as ordinary air or inhaled air. Udara yang disedut ke dalam badan disebut udara biasa atau .........................

2. Air exhaled from the body is known as exhaled air. Udara yang dihembus keluar daripada badan disebut .....................................

3. The candle in gas jar filled with inhaled air take the longer time to extinguish. Lilin dalam balang gas yang mengandungi udara sedutan/ udara biasa mengambil masa yang …………………… untuk padam.

4. Label the diagram below / Labelkan gambarajah di bawah:

5. Inhaled air contains more oxygen than exhaled air, Udara sedutan mengandungi lebih banyak ………………………… daripada udara hembusan.6. Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide and water vapour than inhaled air. Udara hembusan mengandungi lebih banyak ………………………………. dan …………………….daripada udara sedutan.7. Complete the table below. / Lengkapkan jadual di bawah.

Differences Perbezaan

Inhaled air Udara sedutan

Exhaled air Udara hembusan

Oxygen / Oksigen 21% 16%

Carbon dioxide / karbon dioksida 0.03% 4%

Water vapour / Wap air A little A lot

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Inhaled air

Exhaled air

5 seconds

3 seconds

Lighted candle

Lighted candle

Extinguished candle

Extinguished candle


Similarities / Persamaan

Nitrogen 78%

Inert gases 0.9%


Name: ________________________________ Class : _____________

I. C.Number : ________________________________ Date: : _____________


EVIDEN

Activity: Carry out experiments to investigate combustionAktiviti: Menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji pembakaran

Aim / Tujuan: To show that oxygen is needed for combustion.

Hypothesis / Hipotesis: Oxygen is needed for combustion.

Variables / Pembolehubah:a) Constant variable / yang dimalarkan Size of the gas jar

b) Manipulated variable / yang dimanipulasikan: Placing of the lighted candle.

c) Responding variable / yang bergerak balas : Level of water level in the gas jar.


1. Light up two similar candles as shown in the diagram above.

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Nyalakan dua batang lilin seperti dalam Rajah di atas.2. Place one of the candles inside a gas jar.

Letakkan salah satu lilin di dalan sebuah balang gas. 3. Observe what happens to the candles after a little while.

Pemerhatian ke atas kedua-dua lilin dicatatkan selepas beberapa ketika.

Result / Observation / Keputusan / Pemerhatian:

Apparatus / Radas

Observation / Pemerhatian

X The water level in the gas jar remains the same.

Y The water level in the gas jar rises by one-fifth.

Conclusion / Kesimpulan:

1. Hypotesis / Hipotesis Oxygen is needed for combustion

2. Oxygen is needed for / Oksigen diperlukan untuk combustion

Discussion / Perbincangan:

1. Give the meaning of combustion./ Berikan maksud pembakaran.

Combustion is a reaction between a substance and oxygen to produce heat energy and light energy.

2. Which gas is needed for combustion? Oxygen Apakah gas yang diperlukan semasa pembakaran?

3. State two types of fuel, examples and products of combustion. Nyatakan dua jenis bahan api, contoh dan hasil pembakarannya.

Type of fuelJenis bahan api

Contoh / Example Products of combustionHasil pembakaran

Carbon Charcoal Carbon dioxide

Hydrocarbon Kerosene Carbon dioxide and water

4. State how you test the products of combustion. Nyatakan bagaimana anda menguji hasil-hasil pembakaran bahan api tersebut.

Products of combustion Way of testing products of combustion

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Hasil pembakaran Cara menguji hasil pembakaran

Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide turns lime water cloudy.

Water The dry cobalt chloride paper changes from blue to pink.

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answer chapter 5

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