ansi anslg c82.9-2010

ANSI_ANSLG C82.9-2010 Revision, Consolidation, and Redesignation of

ANSI C82.9-1996 and ANSI C82.9b-1998

American National Standard

for Lamp Ballasts—

High-Intensity Discharge and Low-Pressure Sodium Lamps—

Definitions

ANSI_ANSLG C82.9 – 2010 Revision, Consolidation, and Redesignation of ANSI C82.9-1996 and ANSI C82.9b-1998

Copyright © 2010 by American National Standard Lighting Group Page 1 of 22


Approved: March 30, 2010 Secretariat: American National Standard Lighting Group

for lamp ballasts:

High-Intensity Discharge and Low-Pressure Sodium Lamps — Definitions




Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. It is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.

Copyright ©2010 by American National Standard Lighting Group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America



Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard C82.9-2010.) Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be submitted to the Secretariat C82 American National Standard Lighting Group, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209. This standard was processed and approved by the Accredited Standards Committee on Electric Lamps, C82, and its Work Group C82WG02. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for that approval.

Amendment / Change CDV RV Revision and Consolidation CDV_82_m727 RV_82_m728

This standard provides definitions relative to specific terms contained in High-Intensity Discharge (HID) and Low-Pressure Sodium (LPS) lamps and ballast standards. Included in this revision/consolidation are the additions of the following definitions. These items are redlined throughout the standard for the reader’s convenience: ● Aggregate Pulse ● Aggregate Width ● Commutation Time ● Electrical Number ● Electronic Square-Wave Ballast ● Electronic High Frequency Ballast ● Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ● EMI electromagnetic interference ● High Frequency Ripple Current ● Inrush Current ● Lamp Code Designation (LCD) ● Lamp End of Life ● Lamp Type Classification Letter ● Line Transient (Surges) ● Luminaire Characteristic Letter ● Peak Current Ratio (PCR) ● Pulse Burst ● Rectifying Lamp Current ● Resonant Burst Ignition ● Rise and Fall Times ● Spectral Power Density ● Spectral Power Ratio ● Stiff line ● Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Robert Erhardt, Chair, ASC82 Mike Minarczyk, Technical Coordinator Randolph N. Roy, ANSLG Committee Secretariat Matt Clark, Senior Editor



Table of Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................... 3 1. Scope ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Important Patent Disclaimer ..................................................................................... 5 2. Normative references ................................................................................................. 5 3. Definitions .................................................................................................................. 6



1 Scope This standard provides definitions related to specific terms contained in HID and LPS lamps and ballast standards. 1.1 Important Patent Disclaimer It is possible that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. When this document was approved for publication, ANSLG did not know of any patent applications, patents pending, or existing patents. ANSLG shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

2 Normative References The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI C78.40-1998 (R2008), Specifications for Mercury Lamps ANSI C78.41-2006, Guidelines for Low Pressure Sodium Lamps ANSI C78.42-2009, High Pressure Sodium Lamps ANSI C78.43-2007, Single-Ended Metal Halide Lamps ANSI C78.44-2008, Double-Ended Metal Halide Lamps ANSI C78.380-2007, High-Intensity Discharge Lamps, Method of Designation ANSI C82.4-2002 (R2007), Ballasts for High-Intensity Discharge and Low-Pressure Sodium Lamps (Multiple-Supply Type) ANSI C82.5-1990 (R2007), Reference Ballasts for High-Intensity Discharge Lamps ANSI C82.6-2005 and C82.6a-1988, Reference Ballasts for High-Intensity Discharge Lamps - Methods of Measurement ANSI C82.7-1983 (R2007), Mercury Lamp Transformers - Constant-current (Series) Supply Type



ANSI C82.14-2006, Low-Frequency Square Wave Electronic Ballast for Metal Halide Lamps ANSI C92.1-1982, Power Systems - Insulation Coordination ANSI/IEEE 4-1978, Techniques for High Voltage Testing ANSI/IEEE 100-1992, Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms ANSI/IESNA RP-27.3-2007, Recommended Practice for Photobiological Safety for Lamps – General Requirements ANSI/IESNA RP-27.3-96, Recommended Practice for Photobiological Safety for Lamps – Risk Group Classification and Labeling

3 Definitions

3.1 aggregate pulse - A group of ignitor starting pulses which individually are narrower in width than is typically specified by ANSI for starting lamps on magnetic ballasts. They are usually associated with electronic ballasts where the individual pulses are close together in time and act from a starting standpoint much the same as a single wider pulse.

3.2 aggregate width - The accumulated time, normalized over a one second interval, at which the ignitor voltage is above a defined threshold voltage.

3.3 autoregulating ballast or autostabilized ballast - See constant-wattage autotransformer (CWA) ballast.

3.4 ballast - A device that, by means of resistance, inductance, capacitance, or electronic elements, singly or in combination, controls the lamp current, voltage, and their waveforms to the required values for proper lamp starting and operation. Capacitors for power factor correction and capacitor discharge resistors may be part of the ballast.

3.5 ballast/starter capacitive load rating - The maximum value of capacitance with which the ballast/starter may be loaded and still meet all minimum pulse requirements.

3.6 basic lightning impulse insulation level (BIL) - A specific insulation level expressed in terms of the crest value of a standard lightning impulse.

3.7 built-in ballast, integral ballast component, or transformer - A ballast element specifically designed to be contained within a luminaire.

3.8 cap - IEC term for a lampbase



3.9 characteristic curve, ballast - The curve of lamp wattage versus lamp voltage, over a range of normal lamp voltages, when a discharge lamp ballast operates at a given supply voltage.

3.10 characteristic curve, lamp - The curve, typically shown as a straight line, representing the relationship between the lamp voltage and wattage as the lamp wattage is varied by changing the supply voltage or the ballast impedance. A linear reactor must be used to develop a characteristic curve.

3.11 characteristic voltage, lamp - The voltage at the point where the lamp characteristic curve crosses the nominal wattage line.

3.12 commutation time - The time of the transition from one polarity to the other for a square wave or other types of electronic ballasts.

3.13 constant-current transformer - A transformer that automatically maintains an approximately constant current in its secondary circuit under varying conditions of load impedance when supplied from an approximately constant potential source.

3.14 constant voltage regulated ballast - See magnetic regulated ballast.

3.15 constant wattage autotransformer (CWA) ballast - A ballast that has many features of the constant-wattage (CW) ballast, including a capacitor in series with a lamp, but uses an autotransformer circuit.

3.16 constant wattage (CW) ballast - A ballast circuit incorporating fully isolated secondary windings in series with a capacitor and lamp. The constant-wattage (CW) ballast, compared to other ballast types, regulates over the widest primary voltage range and holds lamp wattage to the narrowest regulation range by controlling lamp current.

3.17 constant-wattage isolated, (CWI) ballast - See constant wattage (CW) ballast. 3.18 control gear - IEC term for ballast and, if included, a starter.

3.19 crest factor, ballast open circuit - The ratio of the peak value to the root-mean-square (rms) value of the ballast open circuit voltage, at the nominal supply voltage, unless otherwise stated.

VCF= Vpeak/Vrms

3.20 current crest factor - The ratio of the peak value of lamp current to the root-mean-square (rms) value of lamp current.

CCF = Ipeak/Irms



3.21 current off-time (OT), ballast - The period of time near the end of the current half cycle during which the current is zero or nearly zero, measured on a ballast terminated with a non-inductive resistor as a simulated lamp load. This period is defined arbitrarily as the interval between a point of intersection of the tangent of the descending current trace and the tangent of the low current trace, and the end of the half cycle.

OTTangents

Current Off Time (OT)

Ballast CurrentWaveform

3.22 current off-time, lamp - The period of time near the end of the lamp current half cycle during which the current is zero or nearly zero. This period is defined arbitrarily as the interval between a point of intersection of the tangent of the descending current trace, and the end of the half cycle.

Current Off Time, Lamp

Typical Lamp Current Waveform

Tangent

Lamp Current off-time



3.23 current overshoot (OS), ballast - The minimum current during the off time period, measured on a ballast terminated with a non inductive resistor as a simulated lamp load. The value is negative when the current does not cross the zero axis during the half cycle - Overshoot is reported as an average between the measured OS1, of the positive current half cycle and the measured OS2 of the negative current half cycle. y

OS1

OS2OSOS

12

Current Overshoot (OS), Ballast

Ballast Current Waveform

Positive Overshoot Negative Overshoot

OS1

OS1

3.24 current overshoot, lamp - The minimum average lamp current during the off time period. The value is negative when the current does not cross the zero axis during the half cycle. Overshoot is reported as an average of the measured overshoot of the positive and the negative current half cycle. y

OS1

Current Overshoot, Lamp


Positive Overshoot Negative Overshoot

3.25 current ratio of a series transformer - The ratio of the rms primary current to the rms secondary current under specified conditions of load.



3.26 current slope (di/dt) through zero, ballast - The time rate of change of the ballast current as the waveform passes through zero at the end of the half cycle. The value is measured within a 100µsec window centered at zero crossing on a ballast terminated with a non-inductive resistor as a simulated lamp load.

di

dtTangent

Current Slope (di/dt) Through Zero, Ballast

Ballast Current Waveform

100 ╡Sec. window centered atzero crossing

3.27 current slope through zero, lamp - The time rate of change of lamp current as the lamp current waveform passes through zero at the end of the half cycle.

di

dtTangent

Current Slope Through Zero - Lamp


3.28 drop-out voltage - The value of lamp voltage at which a ballast ceases to sustain the lamp operation at a given supply voltage.



3.29 effective actinic UV output - The effective power of the UV radiation obtained by weighting the spectral power distribution of the lamp with the UV hazard weighting function S(λ). Additional information on S(λ) can be found in ANSI/IES RP27.1&3. The effective actinic UV output relative to the lumen output of the lamp (mW/klm) is a determinant in the assignment of a luminaire characteristic letter in the lamp ANSI designation.

3.30 electrical number - The number in the ANSI lamp designation that describes unique set of electrical HID lamp and ballast characteristics. This and other key characteristics are found in C78.380.

3.31 electronic square-wave ballast - A ballast whose operating lamp current waveform is essentially a square wave with a defined maximum rise/fall time

3.32 electronic high frequency ballast - A ballast whose operating frequency is greater than 20kHz and is a near sinewave in waveshape.

3.33 EMC electromagnetic compatibility - The ability of a electronic ballast, to meet the regulated or specified self-conducted and radiated electromagnetic emission levels and the ability to reject electromagnetic emissions from other sources.

3.34 EMI electromagnetic interference - A condition in which electromagnetic emissions from an electronic device such as a ballast, results in the adverse operation of other electronic equipment.

3.35 extinction voltage (of a high-intensity-discharge or low-pressure sodium lamp/ballast combination) - The rms value of supply voltage at which a reference lamp extinguishes when the supply voltage is uniformly reduced from rated value at 2 percent to 3 percent of rated voltage per second.

3.36 high frequency ripple current - A high frequency current superimposed on the low frequency square wave lamp current. High frequency ripple current can cause lamp arc instability. 3.37 high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp - An electric discharge lamp in which the light producing arc is stabilized by the wall temperature, and has a bulb wall loading in excess of three watts per square centimeter. High-intensity-discharge lamps include groups of lamps known as mercury, metal halide, and high-pressure sodium.

3.38 high power factor ballast - A multiple-supply type of power factor-corrected ballast so designed that the input power factor is not less than 90 percent when the ballast is operated with center-rated voltage applied to its input terminals and a connected load, that consists of the appropriate reference lamp or lamps, operated in the position for which the lamp is designed.



3.39 high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp - A high-intensity-discharge lamp in which the major portion of the light is produced by radiation from sodium vapor operating at a partial pressure of about 6.67 X 103 pascals (50 torr) or greater.

3.40 high-reactance autotransformer (lag) ballast - An autotransformer that uses a magnetic shunt path between primary and secondary coils to control reactance. This circuit has operating characteristics similar to those of a reactor, but by means of auto transformation it steps voltage up or down to that voltage necessary to operate the high-intensity-discharge lamp.

3.41 hot restrike current, ballast - The line current to a ballast/lamp system, at the nominal supply voltage, measured 5 to 15 seconds after the restrike of a momentarily extinguished warmed up lamp.

3.42 ignitor - See starter.

3.43 inrush current - The surge in input current to a ballast at the moment the ballast is energized. Typically the inrush currents are the result of charging capacitors in the ballast power supply circuits. 3.44 instantaneous open circuit recovery voltage - The minimum value of the dip in the ballast open circuit voltage immediately following a starting pulse, exclusive of the pulse oscillation.

Moment ofIgnition Pulse

Open Circuit VoltageVir

Vir = Instantaneous Open Circuit Recovery Voltage

Vpeak

Instantaneous Open Circuit Recovery Voltage

3.45 lag ballast - A ballast exhibiting primarily inductive electrical characteristics, including a lagging lamp current with respect to line voltage and lagging or corrected line power factor. This includes reactors and high reactance transformers.

3.46 Lamp Code Designation (LCD) - An industry standardized designation for an HID lamp. The code consists of a lamp type classification letter, an electrical



characteristic number, and a luminaire characteristic letter. See C78.380 for further detail.

3.47 lamp end of life - The point in time when a lamp fails to meet the specified performance criteria.

3.48 lamp reignition voltage spike - A narrow (<50usec) voltage spike that occurs immediately after the lamp current crosses zero. The spike rises, peaks and then recedes in less than 2 minutes after a metal halide lamp ignites. The spike occurs as a result of chemical reactions occurring within the arc tube.

Lam p Re- ignition Voltage Spike

Lam p Re- ignition Voltage Spike

Lam p Voltage Waveform during warm - up

3.49 lamp re-ignition voltage(Vr) - The maximum steady state lamp voltage peak immediately following the transition from one half cycle to the following half cycle.

Re-ignition Voltage (Vr)

(Lamp fully warmed-up)

Lamp Operating Voltage Waveform



3.50 lamp type classification letter - This is a unique set of letters to describe the classification of HID lamps, e.g. “S” for High Pressure Sodium. The list of letters is found in ANSI C78.380.

3.51 lead ballast - A ballast having a leading lamp current with respect to the line voltage as result of a capacitor which is connected in series with the lamp.

3.52 leakage currents (to ground) - All currents, including resistive and capacitive currents, that may flow from accessible parts of a ballast (including capacitor and luminaire) to ground.

3.53 lightning impulse, standard - A full impulse having a rise time of 1.2 microseconds and a time to half value of 50 microseconds. It is described as a 1.2/50 impulse. (See ANSI/IEEE 4-1978.)1

3.54 line transient (surges) – A fast voltage or current pulse impressed on the input terminals of a device, ballast.

3.55 linear reactor - An electromagnetic device that introduces inductive reactance into a lamp circuit such that the steady state sine-wave voltage across the reactance device is linearly proportional to the current throughout the intended range of use in both current and frequency.

3.56 low- (normal-) power-factor ballast - See normal-(low-) power-factor-ballast.

3.57 low-pressure sodium (LPS) Lamp - A discharge lamp in which light is produced by radiation from sodium vapor operating at a partial pressure of 0.13 to 1.3 pascals (10-3 to 10-2 torr).

NOTE: This lamp is not strictly a high-intensity-discharge lamp, but is included since many of the definitions in this document are applicable to low-pressure sodium lamps.

1It is recognized that it may be necessary for some apparatus standards (for example, transformers) to use a modified wave shape where practical test considerations or particular dielectric strength characteristics make some modification imperative.



3.58 luminaire characteristic letter - A letter used to describe a lamp and luminaire attributes, e.g. the letter “O” represents a lamp that may be used in an open fixture. The list of letters is found in ANSI C78.380.

3.59 magnetic regulated ballast - A ballast incorporating a constant-voltage regulator in conjunction with a lag reactor for operating high-intensity-discharge lamps.

3.60 maximum lamp wattage, absolute - The lamp wattage, as determined by the lamp manufacturer based on the lamp performance, and the thermal limits of the lamp materials that shall not be exceeded.

3.61 maximum lamp wattage - The lamp wattage, if exceeded, that may result in poor lamp performance and/or reduced lamp life.

3.62 mercury lamp - A high-intensity discharge lamp in which the major portion of the light is produced by radiation from mercury operating at a partial pressure in excess of 1.013 X 105 pascals (760 torr).

3.63 metal halide lamp - A high-intensity-discharge lamp in which the major portion of the light is produced by radiation of metal halides and their products of dissociation in combination with metallic vapors such as mercury.

3.64 multiple-supply type ballast - A ballast designed specifically to receive its power from a supply circuit of approximately constant voltage that may be operated in multiple (parallel) with other loads supplied from the same source.

3.65 normal- (low-) power-factor ballast - A ballast of the multiple-supply type that does not have a means for correcting the input power factor.

3.66 off-time, current - See current off time.

3.67 open circuit voltage, ballast (OCV) - The voltage across the output terminals of a ballast when no load is connected (rms, unless otherwise stated). If the circuit contains an ignitor, it should be disabled.

3.68 open circuit current, line - The rms current measured through the input terminals of a ballast with all lamps removed.

3.69 operating voltage, lamp - The rms voltage, (Volts), measured across the lampholder terminals. Typically this value is measured after the lamp has fully warmed up and stabilized.

3.70 operating current, lamp - The rms current, (Amperes), measured in series with the ballast output and the lampholder terminals.

3.71 operating power, lamp - The average power, (Watts), supplied to the lamp from the ballast. Typically this value is measured after the lamp has fully warmed up and stabilized.



3.72 overshoot, current - See current overshoot.

3.73 PCR - peak current ratio - The ratio of the peak and rms lamp current measured in a 100µsec window over the entire current waveform.

3.74 peak lead ballast - A ballast that produces a highly peaked open circuit voltage wave shape and has a capacitor in series with the lamp.

3.75 peak voltage - The greatest absolute instantaneous value of a voltage measured from a lamp or ballast waveform.

3.76 power factor ballast, high - See high power factor ballast

3.77 power factor, ballast - The quotient of the BALLAST INPUT POWER (W) divided by the product of the rms BALLAST SUPPLY VOLTAGE (Vrms) and BALLAST SUPPLY CURRENT (Arms).

)()()()(

rmsrms ACurrentSupplyBallastVVoltageSupplyBallastWPowerBallastballastPf

×=

3.78 power factor corrected ballast - A ballast that has a power-factor-correcting device, such as a capacitor, so that the input power factor is greater than that of an otherwise comparable normal (low) power-factor ballast design. Usually, such ballasts have a power factor of 80 to 90 percent.

3.79 power factor, lamp - The quotient of the LAMP OPERATING POWER (W) divided by the product of the LAMP OPERATING VOLTAGE (Vrms) and LAMP OPERATING CURRENT (Arms).

)()()()(

rmsrms ACurrentOperatingLampVVoltageOperatingLampWPowerOperatingLamplampPf

×=

3.80 power factor, line - The quotient of the LINE INPUT POWER (W) divided by the product of the LINE SUPPLY VOLTAGE (Vrms) and LINE SUPPLY CURRENT (Arms)

)()()()(

rmsrms ACurrentInputLineVVoltageSupplyLineWPowerInputLinelinePf

×=

3.81 pulse burst - A time-limited series of narrow pulses for lamp ignition



3.82 pulse direction (HID lamp starting) - The direction of a pulse necessary to start an HID lamp is defined to be either positive, (in-phase), or negative, (out-of-phase), with respect to the ballast open circuit voltage half cycle. The pulse is defined positive when the peak value of the pulse is additive to the half cycle of the ballast peak open circuit voltage it resides on. The pulse is defined as negative when the peak value of the pulse subtracts from the half cycle of the ballast peak open circuit voltage it resides on.

V(ocv)

Pulse Direction

Positive (in- phase)

V(ocv)

Pulse Direction (HID Lam p Starting)

Pulse Direction Negative (out-of- phase)

3.83 pulse duration (T2)(HID lamp starting) - The time interval between beginning when the instantaneous pulse voltage value reaches 50% of the pulse height on the leading edge and 50% on the trailing edge of a HID starting pulse.

y

Pulse Height

50%

50%

T1

Open Circuit Voltage (OCV)

Peak OCV

Pulse Rise Time (nS)

Pulse Position (deg.)

0 Volts

Pulse definitions - HID Lamp Starting

Zero Crossover

T2 Pulse Duration (μS)

Pulse Width



3.84 pulse height (HID lamp starting) - The peak voltage amplitude of a HID lamp starting pulse measured with a capacitive load of 20pf referenced to the zero voltage level of the ballast open circuit voltage.

3.85 pulse position (HID lamp starting) - The location of the pulse peak in electrical degrees, measured after the zero crossover of the open circuit voltage AC half cycle.

3.86 pulse rise time (T1) (HID lamp starting) - The time interval, expressed in nanoseconds, between the initiation of a pulse and the peak voltage of the extrapolated leading edge of the pulse peak.

3.87 pulse width (HID lamp starting) - The duration of a pulse measured at a specified voltage level.

3.88 rated supply voltage - The voltage for which a ballast or transformer is designed, and operation and performance characteristics are referred.

3.89 reactor ballast - An inductive component connected in series with a high-intensity-discharge or low-pressure sodium lamp to limit the current.

3.90 rectifying lamp current - A current with an abnormal DC component due to an imbalanced load that may result in ballast and/or lamp damage or failure.

3.91 reference magnetic ballast - A special inductive linear ballast having certain prescribed characteristics. The ballast is used as a comparison standard for the testing of ballasts or lamps and is also used in selecting the reference lamps necessary for testing ballasts. A reference ballast may be a fixed or a adjustable impedance type.

3.92 reference current - The value of current specified for each particular reference ballast in the applicable American National Standard for high-intensity-discharge and low-pressure sodium lamps. The reference current for a particular lamp is normally the same as the rated lamp current.

3.93 reference lamp - A lamp seasoned 100 hours operated under stable conditions, in the specified operating position, and on the reference ballast specified for that lamp - The electrical characteristics of the lamp (volts, amperes, and watts) are within +/-2 percent of the rated values.

3.94 regulated ballast - For mercury and metal halide lamp ballasts, see constant-wattage (CW) ballast; for high-pressure sodium lamp ballasts, see magnetic regulated ballast.

3.95 regulation - The percent change in lamp watts as the line voltage is changed over the designated voltage range of the ballast.



3.96 remote ballast, ballast component, or transformer - A ballast element that is mounted separately, outside a luminaire.

3.97 resonant burst ignition - A sinusoidal, high frequency ignition voltage of frequency greater than 20kHz, utilizing a programmed sweep burst or a constant amplitude burst to ignite the lamp.

3.98 rise & fall times - The time from 90% of the rms value for lamp voltage or current waveforms of one half cycle to 90% of the rms value of the opposite half cycle for electronic square wave ballasts.

3.99 self-ballasted lamp - An arc lamp containing an internal ballast.

3.100 short-circuit current, ballast - The current at the output terminals of a ballast when the output is shorted (rms, unless otherwise stated).

3.101 spectral power density - The lamp power at a specific frequency per unit frequency.

3.102 spectral power ratio - The ratio of the average spectral power density divided by its zero (fundamental) frequency component.

3.103 stabilized ballast - See regulated ballast.

3.104 standard lightning impulse - See lightning impulse, standard.

3.105 starter - An apparatus which provides by itself, or in combination with other components in the circuit, the appropriate electrical conditions needed to start a discharge lamp.

3.106 starter current - The peak current supplied by an auxiliary starting device.

3.107 starter re-initiation voltage - The minimum rms voltage of the lamp sufficient to re-initiate the operation of an auxiliary starter. 3.108 starting probability - The probability, based on commonly accepted statistical procedures, that a lamp will start under specified conditions.

3.109 starting current, ballast - The rms current measured through the input terminals of the ballast 5 to 15 seconds after the lamp has started and has begun to warm-up.

3.110 starting current, lamp - The current, rms, unless otherwise stated, that a ballast delivers to a lamp 5 to 15 seconds after the lamp has started and begun to warm-up.

3.111 starting pulse - A high-voltage, low-energy pulse superposed on the open circuit voltage of some high intensity-discharge or low-pressure sodium ballasts to aid in starting a lamp.



3.112 stiff line - A sine wave source that exhibits voltage regulation of no more than 0.5 percent (change of rms voltage from no load to full load divided by rms voltage at full load).

3.113 superimposed ignition - A lamp ignition method where a high voltage, low energy pulse is combined at the same instant in time with the open circuit voltage of magnetic or electronic ballast to aid in starting a HID lamp.

3.114 supply voltage - (see rated supply voltage)

3.115 sustaining voltage - The instantaneous voltage available to the lamp from the ballast at the time the lamp current passes through zero.

yyy OCV

-V

V ss

c

io

00

Sustaining Voltage (Vss)



3.116 sustaining voltage (measurement peak lead ballast - Vss) - The instantaneous voltage difference between the open circuit voltage (OCV) and the series capacitor voltage (Vc), measured on a ballast terminated with a non-inductive 5 ohm resistor as a simulated lamp load, when the output current (io) passes through zero. Vss is a measure of the ballast's capability to sustain a lamp.

Ballast

Line

Ca pacitor

Cap acito r vo lta ge iDiffe rentia l A mplifie r

-

+

O pen Circui t Vo lta ge (OCV )

or

-V c)

S co pe Gro und NO TE:

Th e insta ntane ous ca pacitor voltage at curren t zero can also me asure d b y using a re gula r scop e and a 10 0X prob e. This is b ecause there is no voltag e drop acro ss the 5 ohm resistor the curr ent cro sse s the ze ro line

Sustain ing V o ltage (M eas ur em ent Peak Lead Ba llast - V ss)

5 O hmP owerResistor

S1

Resisto r Co nnected (Switch S1 closed )

Curren t (io ) with

3.117 temperature determination, change of resistance method - The determination of the temperature of a ballast winding by comparing the resistance at the temperature to be determined with the resistance at a known temperature.



3.118 total harmonic distortion - The ratio of rms value of all the harmonics to the rms value of the fundamental Note - Some instrumentation permits the user to define THD as the ratio of the harmonics to either the rms of the fundamental or the rms of the total. It is recommended that the term ‘THD(fund)’ or ‘THD(rms)’ be used in the lighting standards and the product labeling to identify the definition. Possible end-user confusion is avoided. The following relationships are useful for the conversion purposes.

2.)(1.)()(

24

23

22

fundTHDfundTHD

IIIIrmsTHD

rms +==

+++ K

OR

2)(1

)(.)(1

24

23

22

rmsTHD

rmsTHDI

IIIfundTHD−

==+++ K

3.119 transformer, insulating - See transformer, isolation.

3.120 transformer, isolation - A transformer in which there is no direct electrical connection between primary and secondary windings.

NOTE: Electrical isolation is used to reduce or minimize the hazard of shock and to isolate system grounds. If extreme isolation is desired then it is necessary to reduce the electrostatic coupling and the conductive leakage by using appropriate shielding to reduce the capacitive and resistive currents between the windings.

3.121 transformer, series lighting - A transformer used in a series current-regulating lighting circuit that transforms energy to another winding at the same or a different current from that of the primary.

3.122 trapezoid, high-pressure sodium lamp - A diagram showing the wattage limits of a particular high-pressure sodium lamp over a range of its lamp voltage. The horizontal lines define the lamp wattage limits and diagonal lines define the range of lamp voltage. (See ANSI C78.42, High-Pressure Sodium Lamps.)

3.123 voltage rise, lamp - The increase in the lamp operating voltage due to causes such as electrode degradation, arc tube blackening, and the re-combination or loss of chemical additives.

3.124 voltage rise, lamp (luminaire effect) - The increase in lamp voltage between a stabilized reference lamp operating on a reference ballast in open air, or luminaire simulator for double ended lamps, and the stabilized operation of the lamp in a luminaire with the same orientation and ballast.

3.125 warm-up time, lamp - The time required for a HID lamp to reach stabilization under a prescribed operating condition.

ansi anslg c82.9-2010

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