annual - university of oulu · 3.3 pro-ele – intelligent analysers and control in process and...

Edited by Leena Yliniemi

ANNUAL REPORT

2003

Control Engineering Laboratory

Department of Processand Environmental

EngineeringUniversity of Oulu

Oulu, Finland

PREFACE

During 2003, new activities started on the education side. Two new courses were intro-duced: A course on Automation in the Pulp and Paper Industry was arranged during the spring term and a special course concerning Intelligent Methods started during the autumn term 2002 and continued during winter 2003. International activities concen-trated on the operation of the European Network of Excellence, EUNITE, where the laboratory has a remarkable position.

Project activities continued in different areas of industry. KUHA and PRODYNA projects ended, but they were replaced by UUNIKUHA concerned with drum debarking and the PRO-ELE project, which has subprojects both in process industry and electronics pro-duction. Two new industrial projects started: one with Rautaruukki concerning converter control (as a result of an earlier project in Tekes programme “Frontiers in Metallurgy) and another with Kemira on wastewater control (being the results of PRODYNA-project). A new START-project also began in co-operation with VTT and Rautaruukki.

The laboratory had an active role in arranging two international conferences: IFAC’s ACE2003 Symposium in June and 3rd EUNITE Annual Symposium in July, both in Oulu.

The laboratory participated also in three Graduate Schools fi nanced by the Finnish Acad-emy: International Ph.D. Programme in Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Infotech Oulu Graduate School and Graduate School in Chemical Engineering.

Student exchange with University of Palermo (Italy), University of Leuven (Belgium), and IFMA (France) continued as usual. The fi rst student from the University of Delft in the Netherlands started in the laboratory.

I would like to thank all our colleagues, friends, companies and institutions in Finland and abroad for their valuable contributions to the success of our activities.

Kauko LeiviskäProfessor

ANNUAL REPORT 20034

CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE

1 PERSONNEL 6

2 EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES 8 2.1 University Courses 8 2.2 Socrates Programme 12

3. RESEARCH 12 3.1 EUNITE – the European Network of Excellence on Intelligent

Technologies for Smart Adaptive Systems 12 3.2 PRODYNA – Process Dynamics in Tuning Adaptive Intelligent

Process Control 13 Dosage Tools for Water Treatment Chemicals 13 Dosage Tools for Water Treatment Chemicals (continued) 14 Development of Web Break Sensitivity Indicator 14 Development of Web Break Sensitivity Indicator (continued) 15 Automation and Measurements in Paper Machine Chemical

Management 15 Modelling and Control of Continuous Cobalt Removal 15 3.3 PRO-ELE – Intelligent Analysers and Control in Process and

Electronics Industry 16 The Integration of Two Measurements into a Continuous Time Signal 16 Intelligent Analysers for Agglomerated Materials 17 Advanced Knowledge Acquisition in Electronics Manufacturing 17 3.4 Intelligent Control for Pulp Mill Fiber Line 18 Dynamic Modelling of Pulp Cooking 18 Modelling and Optimising Wood Debarking 18 New Universal Control of Debarking Plant 19

5ANNUAL REPORT 2003

Page

3.5 Utilisation of CO2in Closed Gas Circulation 20 3.6 The Development of LD-converter’s Blowing by Measurement

and Control Techniques 20 3.7 Intelligent Methods in Biotechnical Processes 20 Fed-Batch Fermentation 20 Continuous Fermentation of Beer 21 3.8 Socrates Student Exchange Projects 22 Independent Component Analysis – On the Theory and Practice 22 Discrete-Event Control Systems in Electronics Manufacturing 22 Discrete-Event Simulation as an Evaluation Tool in Optimising

Manufacturing Processes 22 Web Based Monitoring and Control of Industrial Processes 23

4. THESIS 23 4.1 For the degree of Diploma Engineer

5. CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS 24 5.1 ACE 2003- the 6th IFAC Symposium on Advances in

Control Education 24 5.2 EUNITE 24

6 PARTICIPATIONS 25

7 PAPERS AND PUBLICATIONS 27

8 OTHERS 31

ANNUAL REPORT 20036

1. PERSONNEL

HEADLEIVISKÄ Kauko Dr., Professor

CHIEF ENGINEER YLINIEMI Leena Dr.

PROJECT SECRETARY PUOLAKKA Ritva Vocational Qualifi cation in Business and Administration

PLANNERENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATICS AUVINEN Aila M.Sc. (Tech.)

JOENSUU Pasi M.Sc. (Tech.)

SENIOR ASSISTANTS JAAKO Juha D.Sc. (Tech.)

JUUSO Esko M.Sc. (Tech.)

ASSISTANTS AHOLA Timo Lic.Sc. (Tech.)

JOENSUU Pasi M.Sc. (Tech.)

RESEARCHERS AHOLA Timo Lic.Sc. (Tech.)

GEBUS Sébastien M.Sc. (Tech.)

HARTIKKA Mika M.Sc. (Chem.)

IKÄHEIMONEN Jouni M.Sc. (Tech.)

7ANNUAL REPORT 2003

ISOKANGAS Ari M.Sc. (Tech.)

JOENSUU Iiris M.Sc. (Chem.)

KUMPULA Henri M.Sc. (Tech.)

MÄKI Timo Student

NÄSI Jari M.Sc. (Geol)

POSIO Jani M.Sc. (Tech.)

PRINSSI Harri M.Sc. (Tech.)

RUUSKA Jari M.Sc. (Tech.)

RUUSUNEN Mika M.Sc. (Tech.)

SAARELA Ulla M.Sc. (Tech.)

SORSA Aki Student

RESEARCH ASSISTANTS van AST Jelmer Student, SOCRATES-exchange

FOURNIER Guillaume Student, SOCRATES-exchange

HELISTEN Riikka Student

LEIVISKÄ Marko T. J. Student

PAAVOLA Marko Student

PASMA Katja Student

SIRKKA Jouni Student

SOULAS Alexandre Student, SOCRATES-exchange

WARNIER Egwin Student, SOCRATES-exchange

ANNUAL REPORT 20038

2. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES2.1 University Courses

Introduction to Control Engineering The lectures were held over a period of fi ve weeks, six hours per week in the autumn term. The course was for the students in the third year.

Lecturers: Professor Kauko Leiviskä, Dr Jouni Tornberg and Dr Leena Yliniemi - Exercises: Timo Ahola

Contents:- goals of automation in industrial production- specifi cations and documentation of instrumentation- principles of measurements, analysers and sensors, application, installation and

purchase of different industrial instruments- introduction to characteristics, application and dimensioning of the fi nal control

elements such as actuators, positioners, valves, dampers, pumps and motors.There was no special textbook.

In laboratory exercises the principles of pressure, level and temperature measurements and controls were studied.

Process Control Engineering IThe lectures were held over a period of fi ve weeks, six hours per week in the spring term. The participants were students in the third year. The exercises were four hours per week; two teachers were simultaneously present.

Lecturer: Professor Kauko Leiviskä - Exercises: Dr Juha Jaako

Contents:- basics of process models and dynamics- lumped parameter models- distributed parameter models- practical examples of different unit processes such as chemical reactors, distillation

columns and heat exchangers.There was no special textbook. Course home page: http://ntsat.oulu.fi /ps1/

In laboratory exercises modelling was studied with simulations.

9ANNUAL REPORT 2003

Process Control Engineering IIThe lectures were held over a period of fi ve weeks, six hours per week in the spring term. This course was for the students in the third year.

Lecturer: Professor Kauko Leiviskä - Exercises: Pasi Joensuu and Aila Auvinen

Contents:- statistical processing of measurement information- design of process experiments- regression analysis - test signals and dynamic modelling

There was no special textbook; some references were made to Diamond W.J., Practical Experiment Designs. Lifetime Learning Publications. Belmont, California, 1981. 348 p.

In laboratory exercises the experimental identifi cation of a laboratory fl ow process was studied.

Process OptimisationThe course was held over a period of fi ve weeks, ten hours per week in the autumn term. This course was for the students in the fourth year. MATLAB and interactive teaching methods were used. Students made a course portfolio; there was no exam.

Lecturer: Senior Assistant, Dr Juha Jaako

Contents:- Specifi cation and formulation of optimisation problems of industrial processes

and plants.- Optimisation methods: unconstrained methods (univariate and multivariate func-

tions, fi rst and second derivative methods, non-derivative methods, methods for sums of squares), penalty function methods, Lagrangian methods, linear programming, discrete dynamic programming and use of random numbers in optimisation.

- Non linear parameter estimation (fi tting model functions to data).- Use of MATLAB in optimisation and Matlab Optimization Toolbox.

Course material:1. Edgar T F & Himmelblau D M (1988), Optimization of Chemical Processes. McGraw-

Hill 1988. ISBN 0-07-018991-9. 652 p.2. Home page: http://ntsat.oulu.fi /optimointi/ 3. Jaako J (1997) Laskuharjoitusmoniste kurssiin 47434S Prosessien optimointi, Moniste

50, Prosessitekniikan osasto, Oulun yliopisto, Oulu 1997, 117 p., ISBN 951-42-4662-4. Inter net Publication: http://ntsat.oulu.fi /optimointi/ps4_lhm.pdf (in Finnish).

4. Leiviskä K & Jaako J (1998) Kokeiluluentomoniste kurssiin 47434S Prosessien op-timointi. Prosessitekniikan osasto, Oulun yliopisto, Oulu. 91 p. Internet Publication: http://ntsat.oulu.fi /optimointi/ ps4_lm.pdf (in Finnish).

ANNUAL REPORT 200310

5. Ray W H & Szekely J (1973), Process optimization. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1973. 371 p.

6. Reklaitis G V, Ravindran A & Ragsdell K M (1983), Engineering Optimization - Methods and Applications. John Wiley & Sons 1983. ISBN 0-471-05579-4. 684 p.

In the exercise work optimisation methods are applied to process problems.

SimulationThe lectures and computational exercises of this course were held over a period of fi ve weeks, four hours of lectures and three hours of exercises per week in the autumn term. The participants were students in the second year.

Lecturer: Senior Assistant Esko Juuso- Exercises: Timo Ahola and Aki SorsaContents:

- process simulation and modelling- modular simulation systems- equation oriented simulation- dynamic simulation- events in continuous simulation- discrete event simulation- intelligent methods in steady-state and dynamic simulation- physical and thermodynamic data in simulation- simulation in automation- interaction in simulation systems- simulation languages.

Course material:1. Juuso E (2004) Simulointi, Moniste 65, Prosessi- ja ympäristötekniikan osasto, Oulun

yliopisto, Oulu 2004, 173 p., ISBN 951-42-7264-1. 2. Home page: http://ntsat.oulu.fi /simulointiIn the exercise work a basic course in the Matlab® and Simulink programming was given in connection to different simulation approaches and tasks: modular and equation based steady-state simulation, dynamic simulation, fuzzy simulation, and controller design with simulation.In addition, the lectures and computational exercises of this course were earlier in the autumn held for students of environmental informatics. The lectures and exercises were held by Planner Pasi Joensuu. The contents of this course were carried out according to the course contents of year 2003.

Fuzzy-neuromethods in Process AutomationThe lectures and computational exercises of this course were held over a period of fi ve weeks, four hours lectures and three hours exercises per week and a seminar in the spring term. The participants were students in the fourth year.

11ANNUAL REPORT 2003

Lecturer: Senior Assistant Esko Juuso- Exercises: Henri Kumpula and Kai Pietilä

Contents:- principles of fuzzy set systems - fuzzy calculus- fuzzy reasoning - fuzzy control- adaptive fuzzy control - neural networks- fuzzy-neuro systems - genetic algorithms- linguistic equations - dynamic intelligent systems- data-based intelligent modelling - applications to process automation- software tools FuzzyCon and Matlab® (Fuzzy Logic Toolbox and Neural Network

Toolbox).Course material :1. Home page: http://ntsat.oulu.fi /Fuzzy_neuro/2. Babuska, R., Fuzzy Modelling for Control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1998.3. Brown, M. & Harris, C., Neurofuzzy Adaptive Modelling and Control. Prentice Hall,

New York, 1994.4. Driankov, D., Hellendoorn, H. & Reinfrank, M., An Introduction to Fuzzy Control.

Springer, Berlin, 1993.5. Verbruggen, H. B., H.-J. Zimmermann & R. Babuska, Fuzzy Algorithms for Control,

Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1999.6. Zimmermann, H.-J., Fuzzy Sets Theory and its Applications. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1991.7. Kosko, B., Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems: A Dynamical Systems Approach to

Machine Intelligence. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1992.8. Davis, L. (ed.), Handbook of Genetic Algorithms. Van Nostrand Reinhold, NewYork,

1991.

In the exercise work the principles of fuzzy set systems, fuzzy control, neural networks and genetic algorithms were studied in Matlab-Simulink environment.

Special Course in Control Engineering: Intelligent MethodsThe lectures were held over a period of fi ve weeks, two hours per week in the autumn term 2002 continuing for another fi ve weeks during 2003.

Lecturer: Professor Leiviskä

Contents:- short review of fuzzy logic and neural networks - fuzzy cognitive maps - source separation and independent component analysis- kernel based learning- wavelets in measurements handling- intelligent optimization methods- neural networks in optimisation: random search methods- chaotic neural networks in optimization.

There was no special textbook. Course home page: http://ntsat.oulu.fi


Modelling and Control of Biotechnical ProcessesLectures (20 h) and exercises (15 h) were held during one period in the spring term.

Lecturers: Professor Kauko Leiviskä and Senior Assistant Esko Juuso

Contents: - bioreactors: reactor types, kinetics and transfer phenomena - on-line measurements and analysers - bio- and software sensors - reactor modelling- cell level models and control mechanisms- unstructured and structured models- bioprocess control- examples.

There was no special textbook. Course home page: http://ntsat.oulu.fi

2.2 SOCRATES Programme

Teacher and Student ExchangesThe laboratory has co-operation contracts under the Socrates exchange programme with the following universities: University of Loughborough from England, University of Leuven from Belgium and University of Calabria, University of Naples and University of Palermo from Italy and with IFMA (Institute Francais De Mècanique Avancèe) from France. Also the laboratory has bilateral exchange contracts with the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. The contracts include both teacher and student exchanges. During the year 2003 one student from the Technical University of Leuven, one from the Technical University of Delft, Netherlands and two from IFMA have studied in our laboratory.

3. RESEARCH3.1 EUNITE – the European Network of Excellence on Intelligent Technologies for Smart Adaptive Systems (K. Leiviskä)

EUNITE started on January 1st, 2001. It is funded from the Information Society Technolo-gies Programme (IST) within the European Union’s Fifth RTD Framework Programme.Smart adaptive systems are adaptive systems developed with the aid of Intelligent Tech-nologies including neural networks, fuzzy systems, methods from machine learning, and evolutionary computing. So far, research in these areas has been carried out in separate communities with little or even no co-operation and scientifi c contacts. However, the need for adaptivity in real application problems is the same and the end-user is not technology dependent: he just wants his problem to be solved. EUNITE aims to join the forces of Intelligent Technologies for exploiting the potential of their synergies towards building Smart Adaptive Systems and promote their practical


implementations. It is intended to encourage the joint exploitation of intelligent systems techniques and activities that intend to build Smart Adaptive Systems in industry by:

- Promoting the dialogue between the separate research communities of Intelligent Technologies.

- Shorten the lead time from scientifi c innovation to actual applications in industry or economy via technology transfer actions.

- Encourage new enterprises coming into this area with success stories and best practice information.

- Strengthen European training activities and collaboration.The co-ordinator was Mr. Karl Lieven (Elite Foundation, Germany) and the scientifi c director was Prof. Kauko Leiviskä (University of Oulu).

3.2 PRODYNA – Process Dynamics in Tuning Adaptive Intelligent Process ControlPRODYNA included subprojects in the paper industry, and it had also a remarkable contribution to the chemical industries. The fi nancing came from TEKES and participat-ing industrial partners: Metso Oyj, Kemira Chemicals Oy, Outokumpu Research Oy and Metso PaperChem Oy. PRODYNA project ended in April 2003. It belonged to the technology programme ÄLY-“Intelligent Automation Systems”, organised by TEKES. Studies have continued in specifi c application projects.

Dosage Tools for Water Treatment Chemicals

(I. Joensuu, H. Kumpula, E. Juuso)

During this project different control alternatives were investigated and the prototype of the dosage tools was developed for a forest industry application in the simulator environ-ment. The prototype contains two controllers (adaptive feedback, feedforward) and a soft sensor (water quality indicator), which predicts the relative quality of incoming water. Controllers and the soft-sensor are based on the Linguistic equation- technique.The dynamic simulator was implemented in the mill for the real time monitoring of incoming water. It also calculated for operators proposals for chemical doses . The wa-ter quality indicator proved to be an effective and reliable soft sensor for monitoring of water quality at the mill. Testing and fi ne-tuning of the controllers were continued both in the simulator and in the process. Chemotaxis algorithm was used as the tuning method. The chemical dosages were optimized based on the treatment result and costs. Central composite design was used as the experimental design. Interpretation of results was done by MODDE.


Dosage Tools for Water Treatment Chemicals (continued)

(I.Joensuu, H. Kumpula, E. Juuso)PRODYNA-study has continued in a separate project. The aim of this project is to develop generic tools for dosing control of water treatment chemicals. The tools cover controllers and control strategies, optional on-line soft sensors and an end user’s sup-port system. Generic features for the dosage tools will be achieved from different water treatment applications. So far, the Prodyna prototype has been implemented into the plant. The controllers and online soft sensor have been running very well at a mill since September 2003.The software of the dosages tools has been further developed into a more generic form so that the tools can be implemented easily to the other applications. For example, the end user’s support system and easy-to-use graphical interface were developed. At the moment tools are applied to cases in the pulp and paper industry and municipal waste water treatment plants. Development of appropriate control systems for each case has been started through the experimental testing and modelling stage.

Development of Web Break Sensitivity Indicator

(T.Ahola, H.Kumpula, E.Juuso, K.Leiviskä)On-line measurements and expert knowledge are combined in paper machine modelling in order to develop an indicator for the prediction of paper web break sensitivity. This continuous indication of break risk will give operators useful information of the paper machine’s performance. Predicted break sensitivity enables the reaction to changes of break risk in time and therefore avoidance of breaks. Later on fewer disturbances will increase the runability of the paper machine and also process stability and effi ciency will improve.The indicator has been developed as a Case-Based Reasoning- type application with lin-guistic equations and fuzzy logic. The case base of the system contains models of example cases with different amount of breaks. The indicator compares on-line measurements to these examples and uses the information of the best fi tting case to predict the break sensitivity. The latest indicator version contains 40 different case models with 73 variables. The case base was evaluated by weighing the models based on ones suitability in a real process situation. Testing of the indicator with evaluated case base was carried out on-line at the paper mill. In these tests the predicted break sensitivity reached considerably good correlations compared to the real break sensitivity.

This project was a part of the PRODYNA project and was done in co-operation with Metso Oyj and UPM Kymmene Oyj.


Development of Web Break Sensitivity Indicator (continued)

(T.Ahola, H.Kumpula, E.Juuso)PRODYNA-study has been continued in a separate study. The project aims to improve the performance of the web break sensitivity indicator. Expert knowledge has been used in the selection of variables. The number of variables has decreased. New information of measurement interactions and delays between variables has been taken into account. The case base was rebuilt with this new information and with reasonable amount of new process data. The testing stage of the new case base is in progress.

This study was done in co-operation with Metso Oyj and UPM Kymmene Oyj. Also the entire fi nancing for this project comes from the partners.

Automation and Measurements in Paper Machine Chemical Management

(M. Hartikka, E. Juuso)To maintain accurate levels of paper machine auxiliary chemicals a precise injection sys-tem is needed. For very low fl ows the accuracy is guaranteed only by using highly tuned dosing technology controlled by a supervisory system. In this study we have constructed and evaluated such a system to be applied as part of a chemical dosing concept. In paper machines the desired fi rst pass retention is nowadays attained only with reten-tion aid chemicals, which mainly are polyacrylamides. Most commercial polyacrylamides are supplied as solids. This requires a dissolving process alongside the application. In this research we have applied a process refractometer (K-Patents Oy, Finland) to control dissolving parameters in a pilot tank. Experiments were carried out by experimental design procedures. The factor hierarchy was detected, where temperature was the most important before concentration, pH, dH and mixing rate. RMS, Fuzzy and linguistic models were prepared. The refractometer was then attached to a real paper machine. The ca-pability to measure the concentration was detected to be fairly good. In the application no on-line controls were previously used.

This study was done in co-operation with Metso PaperChem Oy and K-Patents Oy.

Modelling and Control of Continuous Cobalt Removal

(J. Näsi, E. Juuso, K. Leiviskä)The Outokumpu Kokkola case study concentrated on the cobalt removal process. The purpose of the work was to study the factors explaining the different behaviour of the fi ltration pressure in good and problematic process conditions. Another target was to fi nd out factors, which have an effect on the pressure during the longer time period. As a consequence, there was a need to test the interactions of several solution and deposit components.This study produced a large amount of analysis data and enabled the specifi cation of knowledge from cobalt removal. In 2003, work concentrated on reports. The fi rst report


discussed problematic situations in the continuous purifi cation process while the second report concentrated on estimating the possibilities to use RAMAN-spectroscopy for identifying changes in the cobalt removal reactors.

This application was done in co-operation with Outokumpu.

3.3 PRO-ELE – Intelligent Analysers and Control in Process and Electronics IndustryNon-linear, multivariable industrial processes are a challenge for traditional measure-ment and control systems. Constantly changing conditions may decrease controllability and product quality, partly due to the lack of proper information about process states. Availability of this information would often enable actions towards better monitoring and control strategies.The aim of the PRO-ELE project is to develop intelligent monitoring and control con-cepts for process and electronics industry. The research is focused on sensor fusion, soft analysers and intelligent control methods. Within these topics, development of adaptation and knowledge acquisition mechanisms are also emphasised in order to better manage changing process environments. The PRO-ELE consists of three individual projects sharing the above research targets in common. In the process industry part, several measurements are fused applying advanced modelling methods for the development of a soft analyser. In the second case, the state estimation problem of accurate process conditions using only a few measurements is studied. The electronics industry case includes the research and development of quality and condition monitoring for electronics manufacturing lines, aiming towards effi ciently controlled production.TEKES and three companies fi nanced the project. Companies in co-operation are Ou-tokumpu Research Oy, Outokumpu Mintec Oy and Filtronic LK Oy. PRO-ELE project belongs to the technology programme ÄLY-“Intelligent Automation Systems”, organised by TEKES.

The Integration of Two Measurements into a Continuous Time Signal

(A. Sorsa, J. Näsi)In this case study, there are two measurements available from the same process. A sensor gives measurements continuously while the laboratory analysis is obtained less frequently. The sensor readings concerned have a greater amount of uncertainty. The measurement device may fail or other failures during the measurement may occur. The process should be controlled based on the sensor readings but the uncertainty in the measurements may force the process control to be based on the laboratory analysis. In this study, the different methods for the integration of the measurements are evaluated. The other target is to merge measurements into a continuous time signal that can be used in the process control. Before the actual integration of the measurements, the pre-processing of the signals was


carried out by the classifi er and by the bias correction. The pre processing was followed by the merging of the pre processed signals. Two main approaches to merging signals were studied more thoroughly. The fi rst approach consists of the maximum allowed step the process can make during a certain time period. The other solution was to calculate the confi dence levels of the measurements and use those as additional information in the integration of the signals.The maximum step approach handles nicely the fast, short lasting failures of the measure-ment. However, it is not able to remove the errors that generated during a longer time period. The confi dence level approach is well suited for various kinds of failures and is being studied further.

Intelligent Analysers for Agglomerated Materials

(M. Hartikka, J. Näsi)Controlled agglomeration is a complex phenomenon. In this research the scope is to apply advanced control systems to iron-ore pellet production. The structure of the ag-glomerate is very sensitive to the right moisture content which with ore characteristics and auxiliary binders are major contributing factors in the agglomerated ore process and the quality of the fi nal product. Some precise on-line moisture analysing methods were evaluated to serve as a control device in such a process. After this, an infrared refl ec-tion (NIR) technique will be examined. Also a novel low frequency microwave (LFMW) technique is one central subject matter.In nonlinear multivariable systems a fuzzy model with linguistic equations has proven to be very capable in control. In this work input variables for intelligent methods are taken from a working pellet plant. Measurement instruments are drawn up to combine a sensor network where information of moisture is ensured by the intelligent system. The same method could be then applied to any process, where improved precision is required.

Advanced Knowledge Acquisition in Electronics Manufacturing

(S. Gebus, M. Ruusunen, A. Soulas, G. Fournier)One of the major problems encountered when building knowledge based decision support systems is acquiring the necessary knowledge or expertise. Unlike data mining, which is a well-studied topic, knowledge acquisition is often not given enough importance. This research explores the knowledge acquisition process at electronics manufacturing lines. In electronics manufacturing in particular, it is quite common to obtain large data-bases and run blindly feature extraction methods. Performance of these methods could however be drastically increased by combining them with knowledge of the process. A method intended for line operators has been developed for the purpose. The knowl-edge collected during preliminary tests made the defect classifi cation possible. A further cross analysis of collected information is planned, together with process parameters. It is reasoned that the results combined to data-based methods could enable more informa-tive on-line monitoring of manufacturing lines.


3.4 Intelligent Control for Pulp Mill Fiber Line KUHA project was concerned with two sub-processes: Super batch pulp cooking process and wood handling. The project that ended in April 2003 belonged to the Tekes technol-ogy programme “Process integration”. The wood handling application has continued in the UUNIKUHA project started in May 2003.

Dynamic Modelling of Pulp Cooking

(J. Ikäheimonen, E. Juuso, K. Leiviskä)Cooking is the major process in the pulp mill and its proper control is very important to the production. The aim of chemical pulping is to remove enough lignin from wood so that the fi bers are free and give them the required character at the lowest possible cost. Variation in the quality parameters is minimised by providing similar cooking history for all chip particles.An intelligent dynamic simulator has been developed with linguistic equations (LE) for a SuperBatch cooking process. The LE models consist of two parts: interactions are handled with linear equations, and nonlinearities are taken into account by scaling with member-ship defi nitions. Data-driven modelling was done by FuzzEqu toolbox on the basis of the measurements of the cooking liquor analyser CLA 2000: the concentrations of alkali, total dissolved solids and lignin are measured on-line during individual cooks in a batch digester house. According to extensive on-line tests in an industrial pulp mill, dynamic LE models are suitable for forecasting the cooking result; mainly the residual alkali content. The models are adapted to the changing operating conditions with confi gurable parameters.

The research on batch cooking was carried out in co-operation with ABB and UPM Kymmene Wisaforest.

Modelling and Optimising Wood Debarking

(A. Isokangas, E. Juuso, K. Leiviskä)The aim of this project was to defi ne the parameters affecting wood loss and log cleanli-ness in tumble drum debarking. The research was done at two Finnish pulp mills and it was problem-oriented. The targets of this research were to model wood loss and determine optimal operational parameters of tumble debarking to achieve minimal wood loss. This research was based on on-line measurements of wood loss. The facts affecting wood loss were studied using data based modelling. Different factors affecting wood loss and log cleanliness were analysed and the models describing these were constructed. As the end product is chemical pulp the degree of debarking could be decreased to attain smaller wood loss. The wood loss can be mini-mised, when the rotating speed of the drum is lower and the debarking time is short. The debarking time becomes shorter, when the fi lling degree is low and capacity is high. This means that used energy per debarked amount of wood can be minimised. In wintertime, it is important to thaw logs properly for small wood loss. In this way wood


loss can be minimised and still retain an acceptable degree of debarking and make great annual economical savings.

This project was carried out in co-operation with Metso Paper Automation (Tampere), Metso Paper (Pori), UPM-Kymmene Wisaforest (Pietarsaari) and Botnia (Rauma).

New Universal Control of Debarking Plant

(A. Isokangas)Recently, the interest concerning debarking plants has increased. The reasons are new measurement devices and the understanding that there is a lot of potential to develop the economics and effectiveness of the debarking process. There is no clear idea about the optimal control of the process and therefore it is usually controlled manually. Usually the rotating speed of the drum is too high and control strategies vary with each shift.In the background of this project are two different earlier projects (one from the Labora-tory of Mechanical Process Engineering and one from the Control Engineering Laboratory). The aim of this new project is to combine the modelling experience and knowledge of phenomena in the drum and develop a universal model for debarking plants, which can be used to control the process. The measurements and understanding of phenomena have been found to be inaccurate and inadequate. On the basis of this we have ended up researching the noises of the debarking drum, which probably tells about wood loss and the state of the process. Image processing is also used to fi nd out the quality of the wood going to process and the breaking of logs in the drum. The Information Process-ing Laboratory participates also in this project, because they have a lot of experience in dealing with noisy process measurements and developing new methods like noise analysis and image processing. Using intelligent methods the control of the debarking plant is aimed at developing to be optimal and where wood loss, energy use and stops in the process can be minimised. The project will give information on how debarking plants differ from each other and how optimisation can be developed in a single debarking plant. Pulp and paper mills can benefi t from smaller wood losses and better control. Process equipment manufactur-ers will be able to scale their process equipment to achieve maximum productivity and minimal wood and energy losses.

TEKES and the companies involved in the joint venture, Andritz, Metso Automation, Metso Paper Pori, Botnia and UPM-Kymmene Ab. fi nance the project.


3.5 Utilisation of CO2 in Closed Gas Circulation

(T.Mäki, J. Posio, J. Ruuska, K. Leiviskä)The target of the research is to collect international level scientifi c knowledge about the principles, technical process and control possibilities of closed gas circulation and their economical signifi cance to the metal industry. In addition to this, the project yields new information about the activation and utilisation of CO2 as well as about possible new additional processing products and business possibilities. The partners are the University of Oulu, Process and Environmental Engineering Department (3 laboratories), Åbo Akademi/Värmeteknik, National Technology Agency of Finland (TEKES), AvestaPolarit Stainless Oy, Fortum Oyj, Kemira Oyj, Polargas Oy and Rautaruukki Oyj

3.6 The Development of LD-converter’s Blowing by Measurement and Control Techniques

(J. Ruuska, K. Leiviskä)The aim of the project is to develop the control of converter’s blowing by improving the usability of current measurements and by testing new measurement possibilities. Also the knowledge of the behaviour of the converter will increase. By developing the control the scattering of the blowing results can be decreased and the yield of iron can be improved by decreasing the splashes during the blowing. This will be achieved by controlling the process so that the burning rate of carbon is controlled and there are no big momen-tary changes. The partners are the University of Oulu, Control Engineering Laboratory, Rautaruukki Oyj and National Technology Agency of Finland (TEKES).

3.7 Intelligent Methods in Biotechnical ProcessesThe IntBio project belonged to the Tekes technology programme “Online measurements in process industry”. The project was completed in April 2003.

Fed-Batch Fermentation

(U. Saarela, E. Juuso, K. Leiviskä)The aim of the project was to develop reliable and adaptive modelling and control approach for enhancing the operation of the fermentation process. During the project, different modelling methods were compared when building dynamic models for different process variables. The used modelling methods were the approach of linguistic equations, neural networks, and fuzzy modelling. The predicted process variables were the concentration of dissolved oxygen, oxygen transfer rate, and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas of the process. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the fermentation broth is critical information in the functioning of the process.


The three dynamic models were combined to form a simulator that predicts all the three variables. The dynamic models include three specialized submodels for different phases in the process. These subsystems are based on dynamic linguistic equation (LE) models. A fuzzy inference system chooses the best submodel to be used in each situa-tion. The results of the dynamic simulation were promising. The forecasting is based on on-line measurements, and the calculations are performed at appropriate time intervals. The forecasting horizon can be specifi ed freely on the basis of the control horizon. The dynamic LE models operate accurately even when the horizon is the whole fermentation time. The simulator is in on-line testing.

This project was carried out in co-operation with Genencor International in Hanko.

Continuous Fermentation of Beer

(H. Prinssi, E. Juuso)Continuous fermentation requires fast and precise response to any changes in process conditions. Nowadays such control systems are either lacking or inadequate for this pur-pose. Fuzzy logic using linguistic equations provides an effi cient tool for indirect, online process monitoring and control. The modelling of different cases in immobilized yeast fermentation was done using FuzzEqu toolbox based on Linguistic Equations (LE) approach in Matlab® environment. The LE approach is very effi cient as a modelling technique: models can be generated directly from data, various types of fuzzy rule-based models can be represented by LE models and correspondingly, any LE model can be transformed to fuzzy rule-based models. In the LE approach, non-linear multivariable models are constructed in three steps: directions of interaction are handled with linear equations, nonlinearities are taken into account by membership defi nitions and time delays depend on operating conditions. Functionality of the models can be valuated using different graphical tools. After valuation the models are able to be adapted to meet needs.The created linguistic equation models are based on changes in operating conditions and they can be used for monitoring and diagnostics of fermentation and fl avour formation, i.e. they create grounds for prediction of quality factors. Modelling increases the options to control the product quality in different cases. It can also be used for optimisation of the process control. Because the model library is modular it is expandable.

This project was carried out in co-operation with VTT Biotechnology and Oy Hartwall Ab.


3.8 Socrates Student Exchange Projects

Independent Component Analysis – On the Theory and Practice

(J. van Ast*, M. Ruusunen, A.Isokangas)Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a new technique for extraction of impor-tant information hidden in the measurements. ICA assumes a data model stating that a collection of measurements originates from a number of linearly mixed independent sources. Feature extraction and data reduction are the two most important results of ICA, enabling the use of the method in many different engineering problems. This study examined the theory and practical application of ICA from the engineering perspective. Mathematical foundations of the algorithm were fi rst surveyed and reported. Based on the theory and results applying it to real data, a step-by-step guideline for practical usage of ICA was suggested. In addition, two applications utilising ICA were developed for the detection of certain operational conditions.

*(The author is an MSc student at the Delft Center for Systems and Control of Delft University of Technology under the supervision of Prof. Robert Babuka.)

Discrete-Event Control Systems in Electronics Manufacturing

(G. Fournier, M. Ruusunen, S. Gebus)Industrial processes are subject to many known or unknown malfunctions during their operational life times, reducing the effi ciency, deteriorating the product quality, and damaging the equipment. Fault detection, diagnosis, and feedback control are therefore very important to modern industrial processes. This work has been done on the area of electronics manufacturing and focused therefore on discrete-event control.Many methods exist for fault detection in the framework of discrete-event systems, start-ing with standard SPC. But some of them are more inclined to allow corrective feedback control of the production process when faults are detected. Research has been done to list and compare existing methods. As a result, a present and future research direction of run-by-run control methods has been reviewed.

Discrete-Event Simulation as an Evaluation Tool in Optimising Manufacturing Processes

(A. Soulas, S. Gebus, M. Ruusunen)When trying to optimise industrial processes, the usual way is to evaluate the performance of the optimisation method by modelling the process. As an example, Neural network based models are rather effi cient to reproduce signals. When working with a discrete process however, it is not quite as simple to analyse the effect of parameters such as “number of operators” or “scheduling policy” on the overall performance of a system. In this research, models of a factory fl oor have been developed using a discrete-event


simulation tool (Rockwell Arena). Results obtained from the simulation are based on statistical analysis and follow the rule garbage in/garbage out. Results can only be as ac-curate as the information about input parameters. Therefore, for the modelling purpose, methods and tools for advanced knowledge acquisition from the production fl oor were also studied.

Web Based Monitoring and Control of Industrial Processes

(E.Warnier, L. Yliniemi and P. Joensuu)Nowadays the Internet is playing a very important role in different domains. During the previous years a lot of research has been done on trying to develop applications, which make it possible to supervise and control industrial processes using the World Wide Web. Although different experiments have proven that this technology has a great impact in the future there are still some problems. These problems concern architectures, requirement specifi cations, and security aspects.The work has focused on giving a brief overview about the design methods and ar-chitectures developed so far for the Internet-based process control systems and also about the problems concerning security aspects. See the report in the part of Papers and Publications.

4. THESIS4.1 For the degree of Diploma EngineerHarinen, Antti Applications of total solids measurement in municipal waste-

water treatment

Kela, Jarmo Control of autoclave reactor

Koivisto, Antti Reliability of pulp yield prediction estimate for TMP-line

Nauha, Matti Heating optimization of the pusher type furnace

Peltonen, Janne Implementation of safety-related system of boiler plant with programmable systems

Pirttimaa, Mika Solder paste printing statistical process control of the printing quality

Tissari, Soile Classifi cation of surfacial soil deposits using Weights-of-Evi-dence-method and RBFLN-neural nets


5. CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS5.1 ACE 2003-the 6th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Control EducationThe aim of ACE2003 - the 6th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Control Education was to act as an international forum for scientists and practitioners involved in the fi eld of control education for presenting their latest research, results, ideas and innovations. The symposium disseminated knowledge and experience on alternative methods and ap-proaches in education. In addition to three plenary lectures, the symposium included 12 regular sessions and panel discussion session on the topic “web- with or without”. Topics of the plenary lectures were the Role of Interactivity in Control Learning presented by Sebastian Dormido (UNED, Spain), Internet Learning in Control Engineering: a Fuzzy Control Course presented by Jan Jantzen (Technical university of Denmark) and Finnish Virtual University presented by Pekka Kess (Finnish Virtual University). Regular sessions comprised 60 papers and covered the topics of Simulation and Animation in Web, Develop-ment in Control Laboratories, Remote Laboratories and Experiments, Future and Challenges for Control Engineering Curricula, Web Courses, Teaching Control Theory, Advanced Control, Laboratory Exercises and Learning by Doing, Simulation, Control, Possibilities of Computer Networks in Training and Software Tools for Control Education. As expected, Internet and other web-based applications dominated; 18 of the presented regular papers consid-ered purely this area and it played an important role also in several other papers. It was, however, very interesting to see that there were a good number of papers concerning measurements and laboratory equipment, because it is important to give the students the possibility to work with “real” processes. In addition to the plenary and regular sessions, a technical excursion to the Further Training Institute POHTO was made, where participants became acquainted with two training factories; one for electronics and the other for process industry.The participants, 75 in total, represented 25 different countries. In addition to the Euro-pean countries also Australia, USA, Japan and Brazil were represented.The TC EDCOM meeting has decided that the venue of the next ACE Symposium is Madrid in the year 2006. In this symposium Professor Kauko Leiviskä acted as IPC Chair and Dr Leena Yliniemi as NOC Chair.

5.2 EUNITEEunite 2003 – the European Symposium on Intelligent Technologies, Hybrid Systems and their Implementation on Smart Adaptive Systems.The symposium took place during 10-11 July 2003 in Oulu. The symposium’s aim was to show new developments in the so called Intelligent Technologies: fuzzy logic, neural networks, evolutionary computation and machine learning. The focus was on hybrid systems that combine two or more of these technologies and/or address issues on


adaptivity, preferably with special interest to solve industrial problems. 108 papers were presented in the Symposium. The total number of participants was 155.Professor Kauko Leiviskä from the Control Engineering Laboratory was the General Chairman of the Symposium.

6. PARTICIPATIONS

Professor Kauko Leiviskä participated in- ACE 2003 Symposium, 16-18 June, Oulu, Finland- Steering Committee Meetings of EUNITE Network of Excellence, Brussels, Febru-

ary 7 and 21, Oulu, July 11 and Palma de Mallorca, October 25- Eunite 2003 - European Symposium on Intelligent Technologies, Hybrid Systems

and their Implementation on Smart Adaptive Systems. 10 - 12 July 2003. Oulu, Finland

- PapSat Annual Seminar, 21 - 22.8.2002, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland

Chief Engineer Leena Yliniemi participated in- ICONS- IFAC International Conference on Intelligent Control Systems and Signal

Processing, Algarve, April 8-11, giving a presentation “Modelling of a fed batch enzyme fermentation process”

- Seminar on the Future of the Finnish Technology, Turku, June 5-6- ACE 2003- 6th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Control Education, Oulu, June

16-18, giving a presentation “Computer simulation supporting control engineering teaching” and acting as chair of one session

- EUNITE 2003, 3rd European Symposium on Intelligent Technologies, Hybrid Systems and their implementation on Smart Adaptive Systems of the European Network of Excellence on Intelligent Technologies for Smart Adaptive Systems, Oulu, July 10-12

- Automaatio 03 Days and Seminar on Automation makes it work, Helsinki, Sep-tember 9-11

Researcher Sebastien Gebus participated in- SIMS 2003 - 44th Conference on Simulation and Modelling, Västerås, September

18-19, giving a presentation “Short Term Scheduling in Electronics Manufacturing using Discrete-Event Simulation”

- Automaatio 03 Seminar days, Helsinki, September 9-11, giving a presentation ”Expert System for Defect Localization on Printed Circuit Boards”


Researcher Ari Isokangas participated in- Automaatio 03 Seminar days, Helsinki, September 9-11

Senior Assistant, Dr Juha Jaako participated in- ACE 2003 – 6th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Control Education, Oulu, June 16-18

Assistant Pasi Joensuu participated in- ACE 2003 – 6th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Control Education, Oulu, June 16-18 - metsoDNa Planning Course, Tampere, June 10-13

Senior Assistant Esko Juuso participated in- Steering Committee Meeting of EUNITE Network of Excellence, Brussels,

February 7, Oulu, July 11 and Palma de Mallorca, October 25- Workshop on Bioprocess Engineering, Espoo, April 1- Annual seminar of the technological programme ÄLY, Espoo, May 12- ACE 2003 – 6th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Control Education, Oulu, June

16-18, acting as chair of one session- EUNITE 2003 – 3rd European Symposium on Intelligent Technologies, Hybrid

Systems and their implementations on Smart Adaptive Systems, Oulu, July 10-12, giving a presentation “Adaptive intelligent control of a solar collector fi eld” and acting as chair of one session

- Technology seminar “Enhancing the Value Chain Management by the Process Integration Technology Programme”, Hämeenlinna, September 2-3

- Automaatio 03 Seminar Days, Helsinki, September 9-11, giving a presentation “Su-per Batch –keiton älykäs mallinnus ja säätö” and acting as chair of one session

- SIMS 2003 – 44th Conference on Simulation and Modelling, Västerås, September 18-19, giving a presentation “Intelligent dynamic simulation of batch cooking”

- Nordic MATLAB Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, October 21-22, giving a presentation “Integration of methodologies in development of intelligent systems applications”

- 15th European Simulation Symposium (ESS 2003), Delft, The Netherlands, October 26-29, giving a presentation “Intelligent dynamic simulation of a solar collector fi eld”

Researcher Jari Näsi participated inAutomaatio 03 Seminar days, Helsinki, September 9-11


Researcher Jari Ruuska participated in- Nordic Symposium for Young Scientists, Oulu, June 11-13- EUNITE 2003, Oulu, July 10-12- Automaatio’03 Seminar days, Helsinki, September 9-11- IFAC Workshop for Automation of Metallurgical Industry, Shanghai, October 11-

13

Researcher Mika Ruusunen participated in - 7th IFAC Workshop on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems 2003, Budapest, April

6-8, giving a presentation “Monitoring of Automated Screw Insertion Processes – a Soft Computing Approach”

- Advanced School and Workshop on Soft Computing and Complex Systems, Coimbra, Portugal, June 23-27

- Automaatio 03 Seminar days, Helsinki, September 9-11

7. PAPERS AND PUBLICATIONS

Ahola T., Kumpula H. & Juuso E.:Case Based Prediction of Paper Web Break Sensitivity. - Proceedings of Eunite 2003 - Eu-ropean Symposium on Intelligent Technologies, Hybrid Systems and their implementation on Smart Adaptive Systems, July 10-11, 2003, Oulu, Finland. Aachen. Wissenschaftsverlag Mainz 2003. s. 161-167 (poster).

Ahola T., Kumpula H. & Juuso E.:Paperikoneen katkoherkkyyden ennustaminen prosessimittauksiin ja toimintaolosuhteiden tunnistamiseen perustuen. - Automaatio 03. Seminaaripäivät 9.-11.9.2003, Helsingin messukeskus, Helsinki. Toim. R. Tuokko. Helsinki. Suomen Automaatioseura 2003. s. 139-144.

Gebus S. & Juuso E.:Expert System for Defect Localization on Printed Circuit Boards. In Proceedings of Au-tomaatio 03 Seminar days, Helsinki, September 9-11, 2003, (ed: Reijo Tuokko), pp 425-430 ISBN: 952-5183-21-1.

Gebus S., Soulas A. & Juuso E.: Short Term Scheduling in Electronics Manufacturing using Discrete-event Simulation. In Proceedings of SIMS 2003 - 44th Conference on Simulation and Modelling on September 18 -19, 2003 in Västerås, pp 69-75.

Heikkinen E. & Jaako J.:Koulutuksen laatuyksikköhakemus ja pedagoginen johtajuus. Oulun yliopisto, Säätötekniikan laboratorio, Raportti B No 46. Elokuu 2003. 31 p. ISBN 951-42-7091-6 (in Finnish).


Isokangas A, Juuso E. & Leivisk K.:Kuorintaprosessin analyysi ja mallintaminen. Oulun yliopisto, Säätötekniikan laboratorio, Raportti B No 49. Joulukuu 2003. ISBN 951-42-7250-1

Jaako J. & Heikkinen E.:Prosessi- ja ympäristötekniikan osasto – koulutuksen laatuyksikkö. Vuoriteollisuus – Berg-shanteringen 1/2003. p. 32 (in Finnish).

Jaako J.:Säätötekniikan laboratorion opetuskokeiluja III – Opettajien perehdyttämiskoulutus. Oulun yliopisto, Säätötekniikan laboratorio, Raportti B No 40, Helmikuu 2003. 20 p. ISBN 951-42-6955-1 (in Finnish).

Jaako J.:Tekniikan pedagogiikka – Perusteita. Oulun yliopisto, Säätötekniikan laboratorio, Raportti B No 48. Marraskuu 2003. 39 p. ISBN 951-42-7212-9 (in Finnish).

Jaako J.:Tekniikan pedagogiikka – Väitöskirjat ja tutkijakoulutus prosessi- ja ympäristötekniikan osastolla. Oulun yliopisto, Säätötekniikan laboratorio, Raportti B No 47. Syyskuu 2003. 65 p. ISBN 951-42-7137-8 (in Finnish).

Jaako J.:Tutkijoiden perehdyttämiskoulutus – SLYM-tutkijakoulu. WWW-sivusto. Prosessi- ja ympäristötekniikan osasto, Oulun yliopisto (in Finnish).http://ntsat.oulu.fi /Henkilokunta/jaako/tpk/default.htm

Jaako J., Nelo S. & Sillanpää M.:Prosessi- ja ympäristötekniikan osasto Oulussa: Monialaosaajia ja pitkiä tutkimuslinjoja. Kemia-Kemi, Vol. 30 (2003) 7. p. 38-39 (in Finnish).

Joensuu P., Yliniemi L. & Leiviskä K.:Simple Level Equipment for Visualising Basic Control Principles. - ACE 2003. The 6th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Control Education, 16-18 June 2003, University of Oulu. Ed. by J. Lindfors. Helsinki. IFAC 2003. s. 247-250.

Juuso, E. & Valenzuela, L.: Adaptive Intelligent Control of a Solar Collector Field. - Proceedings of Eunite 2003 - Eu-ropean Symposium in Intelligent Technologies, Hybrid Systems and their implementation on Smart Adaptive Systems, July 10-11, 2003 Oulu, Finland. Aachen. Wissenschaftsverlag Mainz 2003. pp. 26-35.

Juuso, E., Ikäheimonen, J. & Leiviskä K. Super Batch -keiton älykäs mallinnus ja säätö. - Automaatio 03. Seminaaripäivä 9.-11.9. 2003. Helsingin messukeskus. Automation Makes it Work - automaation sovellukset ja käyttökokemukset. Toim. R. Tuokko. Helsinki. Suomen automaatioseura 2003. s. 157-162 (in Finnish).


Juuso, E.: Intelligent Dynamic Simulation of Batch Cooking. - Proceedings from 44th Scandinavian Conference on Simulation and Modelling, September 18-19, 2003 Västerås, Sweden. Västerås. Mälardalens Högskola 2003. pp. 163-169.

Juuso, E.: Integration of Methodologies in Development of Intelligent Systems Applications. - Pro-ceedings from the Nordic MATLAB Conference 2003, Copenhagen, Denmark, October 21-22, 2003. Ed. by L. Gregersen. Copenhagen. Comsol A/S 2003. pp. 56-61.

Juuso, E.: Intelligent dynamic simulation of a solar collector fi eld. - Simulation in Industry, 15th Eu-ropean Simulation Symposium ESS 2003, Delft, The Nederlands, October 26-29, 2003. Ed. by A. Verbraeck & V. Hlupic. Erlangen. Gruner Druck 2003. pp. 443-449.

Juuso, E.: Simulointi automaatiototeutusten tehostajana. - Automaatioväylä, 2003, nro 6, pp. 6-10 (in Finnish).

Kumpula H., Ahola T. & Juuso E.:Paperikoneen katkoherkkyysindikaattori: Mittausaineiston käsittely ja koeajot. - Säätöte-kniikan laboratorio, Raportti B nro 45. Oulu, Oulun yliopisto 2003. 49 s.

Nelo S., Heikkinen E., Jaako J. & Dahl O.:Prosessi- ja ympäristötekniikan osasto – koulutuksen laatuyksikkö. Automaatio 03 – Edu-cation Boulevard, Automaatiopäivät 2003, 9.-11.9.2003, Helsinki, Messukeskus (poster) (in Finnish).

Nelo S., Heikkinen E., Jaako J. & Dahl O.: Prosessi- ja ympäristötekniikan osasto – koulutuksen laatuyksikkö. Peda-forumin kevät-päivät, 19.-20.5.2003 Jyväskylä, Agora (poster) (in Finnish).

Näsi J.:Hydrometallurgisen prosessin tutkimuskohteita osa 1: Suodinpuristimien tukkeentumiseen vaikuttavat tekijät Raportti B No 43, Säätötekniikan laboratorio.

Näsi J. & Niemelä P.: Hydrometallurgisen prosessin tutkimuskohteita osa 2: Raman analytiikan käyttömahdol-lisuudet. Raportti B No 44, Säätötekniikan laboratorio.

Ruuska J. & Leiviskä K: LD-KG-konvertterin lämpötila- ja lisäainemallit. Säätötekniikan laboratorio, Raportti B nro 42. Oulu, Oulun yliopisto 2003. 33 s.

Ruuska J., Ollila S. & Leiviskä K.: LD-KG-konvertterin lämpötila- ja lisäainemallit. Automaatiopäivät ’03. Helsinki, 9.-11.9.2003. Helsinki. Suomen Automaatioseura 2003. s. 97-102.


Ruuska J., Ollila S. & Leiviskä K.:Temperature and Additional Material Models for LD-KG converter. Nordic Symposium for Young Scientists. POHTO. Oulu, 11.-13.6.2003. 2003. s. 1-6.

Ruuska J., Ollila S. & Leiviskä K.:Temperature Model for LD-KG converter. IFAC Workshop on New Technologies for Automation of the Metallurgical Industry. Shanghai, China, 11.-13.10.2003. 2003. s. 1-6.

Ruuska J.,Peltonen J. & Leiviskä K.:LD-KG-konvertterin dynaaminen ohjaus. Säätötekniikan laboratorio, Raportti B nro 41. Oulu, Oulun yliopisto 2003. 39 s.

Ruusunen M. & Paavola M.:Monitoring of Automated Screw Insertion Processes – a Soft Computing Approach. In Proceedings of the 7th IFAC Workshop on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Budapest, Hungary, April 6-8, 2003, (ed: Monostori L., Kadar B., Morel G.), ISBN: 0-08-044289-7

Saarela A., Leiviskä K. & Ruuska J.: Expert System for Taphole Plugging in a Blast Furnace. IFAC Workshop on New Tech-nologies for Automation of the Metallurgical Industry. Shanghai, China, 11.-13.10.2003. 2003. s. 1-6.

Saarela U., Prinssi H., Juuso E. & Virkajärvi I.:Älykkäät menetelmät bioprosessien analyysissä ja hallinnassa. Prosessiteollisuuden online-mittaustekniikat – teknologiaohjelma. Final report. Eds. by Tossavainen Satu and Jouni Enqvist. Tekes / Tampere Technical University. 2002.

Saarela U., Leiviskä K. & JuusoE.: Modelling of a Fed-batch Fermentation Process. - Control Engineering Laboratory, Report A nro 21. Oulu, University of Oulu 2003. 23 s.

Saarela U., Leiviskä K, Juuso E. & Kosola, A. Modelling of a Fed-batch Enzyme Fermentation Process. IFAC International Conference on Intelligent Control Systems and Signal Processing, April 08-11, 2003, Faro, Portugal. 2003. pp. 1-6.

Saarela U., Leiviskä K, JuusoE. & Kosola, A. Fermentointiprosessin dynaaminen mallinnus. Automaatio 03. Seminaaripäivät. Automation Makes it Work - Automaation sovellukset ja käyttökokemukset. Toim. R. Tuokko. Helsinki. Suomen Automaatioseura 2003. s. 91-96.

Strand K., Passchier S. & Näsi J.:Implications of Quartz Grain Textures and Sediment Composition for Onset Eocene/Oli-gocene Glaciation in Prydz Bay, ODP Site 1166, Antarctica. PalaeoGeography, -Climatology and -Ecology, Special Issue, Volume 198, 101-111.


Warnier E., Yliniemi L. & Joensuu P.:Web Based Monitoring and Control of Industrial Processes. Control Engineering Labora-tory, Report A nro 22. Oulu, University of Oulu 2003. 15 p.

Yliniemi L.:Jätteistä sähköä ja lämpöä - Jätteenpolttolaitos Ouluun. - Automaatioväylä, 2003, nro 5, s. 6-7.

Yliniemi L. & Leiviskä K.:Computer Simulation Supporting Control Engineering Teaching. - ACE 2003. The 6th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Control Education, 16-18 June 2003, University of Oulu, Finland. Ed. by J. Lindfors. Helsinki. IFAC 2003.pp. 57-61.

Yliniemi L., Koskinen J. & Leiviskä K.:Data-driven Fuzzy Modelling of a Rotary Dryer. - International Journal of Systems Science, 2003, vol. 34, nro 14-15, pp. 819-836.

Yliniemi L.:Annual Report 2002. University of Oulu. Control Engineering Laboratory. Department of Process and Environmental Engineering Oulu 2002. 32 p.

8. OTHERSKauko Leiviskä has been

- Vice-Dean of Technical Faculty in the University of Oulu - Head of Department of Process Engineering- Head of Control Engineering Laboratory- Scientifi c Director of EUNITE Network of Excellence- Chairman of Campus Futurus Steering Group, University of Oulu- Member of Board and Vice-Chair, Continuing Education Center, University of

Oulu- Member of Board, Chydenius-Instituutti- Member in the Programme Board of Management, International Ph.D. Programme

in Pulp and Paper Science and Technology- Member of Board, North European Society for Adaptive and Intelligent systems

– NSAIS - IFAC contact person of Finnish NMO - General Chairman of European Symposium on Intelligent Technologies, Hybrid Systems

and their Implementation on Smart Adaptive Systems, Oulu, July 2003.- Chairman of IPC for IFAC Symposium ACE2003, Oulu, Finland - Member of International Scientifi c Committee, Escape-13, June 1-4. 2003, Lap-

peenranta.- Member of IPC Second IFAC Workshop on Internet Based Control Education


2004, Sept 5-7, 2004 Grenoble, France- Chair of IPC Second IFAC Workshop on Advanced Fuzzy Neural Control, 2004,

Oulu, Finland- Member of IPC 2004 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Varna,

Bulgaria, June 22-24, 2004 - Member of IPC 10th IFAC/IFORS/IMACS/IFIP Symposium on Large Scale Systems:

Theory and Applications (LSS2004), which will be held in Osaka, Japan in July 2004

- Member of IPC Fuzziness in Finland 2004, May 2004, Helsinki, Finland

Leena Yliniemi has been- Vice Chair of Board, Association for Laboratory Managers in Technical Universities

in Finland (YLI)- Member of the Civil Committee of The Finnish Association of Graduate Engineers

TEK- Member of the Automation Foundation of the Finnish Society of Automation - Vice Member of the Council of the Technical Faculty- Member of the Council of the Department of Process and Environmental Engi-

neering- Member of the Equality Committee in the University of Oulu- Chair of the Equality Group in the Technical Faculty- Vice Member of Campus Futurus Steering Group in the University of Oulu- Member of IFAC Control Education Committee- Member of International Programme Committee IPC for SIMS – 44th Conference

on Simulation and Modelling - Chair of National Organising Committee NOC and member of IPC for ACE

2003- IFAC Symposium on Advances in Control Education - Chair of NOC member of IPC for 2nd IFAC Workshop on Advanced Fuzzy/ Neural

Control (2004) - Member of the Council in the City of Oulu- Member of the Environmental Board in the City of Oulu- Member of the Technical Board in the City of Oulu- Scientifi c Expert in the Research Council for Natural Sciences and Engineering in

the Academy of Finland

Esko Juuso has been - Vice chair of Production Industries Committee (IBA A) of EUNITE Network of

Excellence- Chair of Finnish Simulation Forum (FinSim)- Member of Board for the Scandinavian Simulation Society (SIMS)

annual - university of oulu · 3.3 pro-ele – intelligent analysers and control in process and...

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