Annual Report to the Congress: Fiscal Year1993

March 1994

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Annual report to

the Congress

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CONTENTS

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52

Chairman’s statement

Vice chairman’s statement

TAAC chairman’s statement

Director’s statement

About OTA’s organization

and operations

Industry, commerce, and

international security division

Health, life sciences and the

environment division

OTA forum on technology and

governance in the 1990s

Work in progress at year-end

Technology assessment

advisory council

OTA staff as of

September 1993

OTA awards and fellowship

programs

Advisors and panel members

Office of technology

assessment act

Statement fromchairman,

Edward M. Kennedy

It has been gratifying to

witness the growth and develop-

ment of the Office of Technology

Assessment since its establishment

in 1972. OTA has built a national

reputation for its impartial and

authoritative analysis of new

developments in technology and

related public policy issues, By

analyzing how the latest scientific

research can be applied to

pressing economic, environmen-

tal, and social problems, and

then suggesting policy options

based on its findings, OTA

performs an essential service for

Congress and the country.

I commend the many men and

women who have contributed to

OTA'S remarkable success. They

include the dedicated researchers

who have contributed their

expertise to hundreds of reports;

the dependable administrative

and support staff who have kept

OTA operations running smoothly;

the program managers and

division directors whose foresight

has kept OTA on the cutting edge

of technology; the knowledgeable

and skillful officers who handle

OTA’s congressional and public

relations; the distinguished

members of the Technology

Assessment Advisory Council, who

have provided wise counsel and

advice; the Director Roger

Herdman and his predecessors,

whose gifted and energetic

leadership has guided OTA

toward the fulfillment of its

mission.

More than ever, OTA’s work is

essential to intelligent policy

decisions by Congress. The nation

is in the midst of extraordinary

progress in technology. New

developments in telecommunica-

tions and electronic networks are

ushering in an information

revolution that will be as signifi-

cant as the industrial revolution of

a century ago. We all know the

need for fundamental restructur-

ing in the nation’s social ser-

vices—especialIy in health care,

welfare, education, job training,

and crime prevention. We are

working to find the best means to

convert our industries from the

defense orientation of the Cold

War years to a civilian economy

today. OTA has made essential

contributions in all of these areas

and many others. It has con-

ducted important studies on

electronic delivery of government

services, the economic impacts of

health reform, and defense

conversion, to name just a few of

the reports published by OTA in

the past year. Studies such as

these are providing Congress and

the American people with indis-

pensable tools for understanding

the present and preparing for the

future.

It is an honor to serve on OTA’s

board, and I applaud all those

who have contributed so much to

OTA’s well-deserved success.

Senator Kennedy

Statement fromvice chairman,

Don Sundquist

*

It has been my pleasure to

serve as the Vice Chairman of the

Technolog y Assessment Board

during this Congress, after a

number of years on the Board.

OTA has made some important

transitions in the last year, not the

least of which was Jack Gibbon’s

departure after many years as

Director of OTA and, of course,

Roger Herdman’s becoming

Director. I feel as though it has

been a smooth transition, and we

on the Board are looking forward

to working with Roger in the

future.

OTA has continued to give the

Congress useful, nonpartisan

advice on a wide range of topics:

health care reform, environmental

issues and the conversion of our

economy in a post-Cold War

environment. This is a unique

institution that provides a lot of

valuable analysis for Congress

and policy makers generally.

I look forward to working with

OTA in the second session of this

Congress, and in the future.

Congressman Sundquist

Page 4

Statement fromTAAC chairman,

Neil E. Harl

It has been my great pleasure

to serve on the Technology

Assessment Advisory Council and

especially to assume the responsi-

bilities of Chair of the Council in

the past year.

OTA has remained a strong

and important analytical organi-

zation. I am confident that OTA

will continue to play a vital role in

providing high quality information

and analysis for the remainder of

the decade and into the twenty-

first century. The dramatic political

happenings of recent time, the

continuing economic and social

pressures of the world, and the

on-rush of technical and techno-

logical developments assure that

OTA's unique niche will be an

important one to the Congress

and to the country generally. The

shifting political, economic, legal

and technological maelstrom

creates an ever-changing rela-

tionship between technology and

public policy. The dissolution of

the former Soviet Union, the

revolutions occurring in biology

and information technology and

the conversion of our domestic

economy in a post-Cold War

setting into an economy capable

of sustained economic growth in

an environmentally responsible

manner are greatly increasing the

need for sound advice on tech-

nolog y policy to the Congress.

OTA has shown itself to be an

objective, dependable source of

advice and counsel and, I

believe, will continue to be so.

I congratulate Roger Herdman

on being appointed Director of

OTA in the past year. I believe

Roger will continue to provide the

same valuable leadership that

Jack Gibbons demonstrated

during his tenure. The Council

looks forward to working with

Dr. Herdman in the future.

Neil E. Had

Statement fromOTA director,

Roger C. Herdman

Fiscal Year 1993 was a year of

substantial change for OTA. In

January 1993, OTA’s Director for

the last thirteen years was called

to become Science Advisor to

newly-elected President Clinton

and was also appointed Director

of the White House Office of

Science and Technology Policy

(OSTP). During the rest of 1993 a

number of additional senior and

administrative OTA staff also

joined OSTP. Those staff depar-

tures along with the retirement of

another assistant director resulted

in the formation of a new top

management team halfway

through the fiscal year.

The change in management

provided for more flexibility in

responding to the legislative

branch’s priorities for resource

policy was to manage for the best

value and to try to achieve

expected levels of productivity

with a less expensive process,

primaril y by reducing manage-

ment overhead. In doing so a

major effort has been made to

preserve the working units of the

agency, the project teams, and to

make changes in organization

and personnel through reassign-

ment and attrition not through

reductions in force. The response

to the requirements of our

appropriations has been made in

a series of steps. These include

reduction of OTA’s research

divisions from three to two with

redistribution of the existing nine

programs to the two new divi-

sions. Also the support offices’

management by a separate

operations manager has been

ended, and these offices are now

distributed into the research

divisions and the Congressional

and Public Affairs office. This

management change should

improve the coordination of

administrative and research

functions. Further steps for the

future have been the subject of

major staff planning efforts and

involve coalescing of the nine

programs to six in response to

continuing financial stringencyeconomies. In doing so OTA’s

We are proud that during the

time that all this activity has been

going on, OTA was able to

maintain the unique OTA process,

which has served the agency and

the Congress so well over the

years, and to continue at tradi-

tional levels of productivity in

generation of reports and infor-

mation for congressional commit-

tees. The hallmarks of OTA’s

process remain: working on an

agenda that flows from committee

priorities and reflects, therefore,

by definition important national

issues; staff commitment to

independent research, analysis

and responsibility for the results

with only focused reliance on

contracting outside of OTA;

careful search for and attraction

of the best national experts and

stakeholders as advisors for each

assessment; reliance on advisors

and the peer review process to

monitor and ensure the quality of

OTA work; and with the help of

our Technology Assessment

Board, a staff culture that assigns

the highest priority to producing

work that is nonpartisan, accurate

and complete.

OTA spent considerable time

preparing documentation and

appearing before the Joint

Committee on the Organization

of Congress to explain and

demonstrate how our work for the

Congress is accomplished.

Although there was some discus-

sion in the Joint Committee

directed at a consideration of

duplicating some aspects of OTA’s

Technology Assessment Board for

other congressional support

agencies, the Committee did not

propose any changes for OTA

itself. At the same time, however,

OTA took steps resulting from an

internal analysis to provide

greater standardization and

uniform quality of reports. These

steps included an agency-wide

managing editor to provide

continuous quality review and

suggestions to proiect teams, a

program to make available expert

outside consultation on a periodic

basis, and a rethinking of how

prescriptive or conclusive OTA

might or should be in reporting to

Congress, among others.

With respect to achieving

traditional levels of productivity

during the year, OTA released 50

reports, full assessments or

background papers—essentially

the same number as in fiscal year

1992. And early in the fiscal year,

in celebration of our 20th anni-

versary, OTA sponsored a “Forum

on Technology and Governance

in the 1990s. ” This Forum set the

stage for OTA’s future and

focused sharply on five major

areas of importance to the

Congress and the Nation:

international security, the environ-

ment, economic competitiveness,

health care and education. Major

presentations in these areas were

made by Robert McNamara, Gro

Brundtland, Laura Tyson, Arnold

Relman and Derek Bok respec-

tively, and these presentations

were published by OTA in a

monograph to recognize the

event.

Our reports for the year

covered the usual wide range of

subject matter, and included a

number which might be singled

out as particularly of interest and

use to Congress and the Nation.

“Dismantling the Bomb and

Managing the Nuclear Materials”

capitalized to some extent on

work OTA did looking into

cleanup of DOE weapons

production facilities. This study

warned the Congress that a lot of

work remained to be done to

design and implement a plan to

dismantle nuclear weapons and

handle the resulting large quanti-

ties of radioactive materials and,

in particular, to achieve the

understanding and support of the

public through a thoughtful and

open process which involved as

well as educated the public. At

the same time OTA issued a study

reviewing “Aging Nuclear Power

— -.— —.—

Plants” which should give the

Congress a good sense of what to

expect in terms of power plants

going offline and some of the

particular problems and chal-

lenges that lie ahead in manag-

ing this very difficult process with

which the Nation has had rela-

tively little experience.

OTA completed during 1993 a

major study on “Adult Literacy and

New Technologies” which raised

the salience of this vital issue;

OTA emphasized that the problem

of illiteracy is of far greater

magnitude than most appreciate.

OTA’s study defined the issue,

conservativel y estimated preva-

lence, and delved into implica-

tions for competitiveness and

ways in which we might address,

through new technologies, among

others, the difficult task of

remediation,

Fiscal year 1993 was the year

that health care reform came into

its own, and OTA was involved i n

a number of studies that would

prove helpful to congressional

committees in tackling the difficult

issues in reform plans, Of particu-

larly widespread interest was

OTA’s report, “An Inconsistent

Picture” in which OTA looked at

the economic projections made

b y a number of analysts and

stakeholders for the various major

categories of health core reform

approaches. The enormous

disparities from plan to plan and

analysis to analysis in the expen-

ditures, savings, and economic

impacts on various sectors of

American life proved to be of

great interest and generated

considerable debate, leading to a

request for a follow-on study for

delivery in mid-fiscal year 1994.

OTA was asked to look at the

assumptions that might explain

the disparities and the documen-

tation provided by authors of

prelections that might allow

observers to evaluate the method-

ology and reliability of those

projections,

OTA also released “Multina-

tionals and the National Interest:

Playing by Different Rules” in

1993. This report was the first of

two analyzing the objectives and

policies of multinational corpora-

tions and the way they differ from

the goals of the countries in which

the corporations do business. The

first report provided a wealth of

descriptive detail and analysis.

OTA looked at the treatment of

home and foreign multinationals

by various major trading partners,

Japan, the European Community

and the United States primarily,

and the way the multinationals

behave in various home and

foreign environments. The

treatment of foreign direct

investment, the implications for

trade, for technology transfer and

the like were all described. The

second report which will contain

options for the Congress will

appear in fiscal 1994 and

together these reports should

improve understanding of interna-

tional trade and U.S. competitive-

ness.

Many other reports could be

highlighted—our work on appli-

cations of information technolo-

gies, our very topical effort (in

view of the major bioethical

problems surfacing in early 1994)

reviewing federal efforts in

biomedical ethics, in the implica-

tions of global climate change

and many, many more. Altogether

OTA is proud of the accomplish-

ments and the assistance to

Congress achieved during 1993.

We see complex issues continuing

to come before the Congress and

the American people—issues

which will need thoughtful, careful

analysis. We look forward to

continuing to serve as a shared

resource for the Senate and the

House, the Majority and the

Minority, to help frame issues, to

help inform the debate, and to

provide useful options for resolu-

tion of the issues,

Roger C. Herdman

Page 8

About OTA’s

organizationand operations

Created by the Technology

Assessment Act of 1972 [86 Stat.

797], OTA is an agency of the

legislative branch of the Federal

Government (a copy of the Act is

found on p. 52). OTA’s primary

function is to provide congres-

sional committees with studies

that identify the positive and

negative consequences of policy

alternatives affecting the uses of

technology.

OTA assists Congress by

identifying existing or probable

impacts of technology; alternative

technological methods and

management programs for

implementing specific actions

(estimating and comparing the

impacts of alternatives); and

areas where additional research

or data collection is required to

provide support for assessments.

OTA presents its completed

analyses to the appropriate

legislative authorities and,

whenever possible, undertakes

whatever additional related

activities are necessary.

The Act provides for a biparti-

san Technology Assessment

Board, a director, and other

employees and consultants

necessary for the Office to

conduct its work. The congres-

sional board is made up of six

Senators, appointed by the

President pro tempore of the

Senate, and six Representatives,

appointed by the Speaker of the

House, evenly divided by party. In

1993, Sen. Edward M. Kennedy

(D-Massachusetts) and Rep. Don

Sundquist (R-Tennessee) served as

the Chairman and Vice Chair-

man, respectively, of the board.

The two posts alternate between

the Senate and the House with

each Congress. The board

members from each Chamber

select their respective officer.

The congressional board sets

the policies of the Office and is

the sole and exclusive body

governing OTA. The board

appoints the director, who is OTA’s

chief executive officer and a

nonvoting member of the board.

The Act also calls for a Tech-

nology Assessment Advisory

Council composed of 10 public

members eminent in scientific and

technological fields, the Comp-

troller General of the United

States, and the Director of the

Congressional Research Service

of the Library of Congress. The

advisory council advises the

board and the director on such

matters as the balance, compre-

hensiveness, and quality of OTA’s

work, and OTA’s non-governmen-

tal resources.

Requests for OTA assessments

ma y be initiated by:

the chairman of any standing,

special, select or joint commit-

tee of Congress, acting alone,

at the request of the ranking

minorit y member, or at the

request of a majority of the

committee members;

■ the OTA board; or

● the OTA director, in consulta-

tion with the board.

The authorization of specific

assessment projects and the

allocation of funds for their

performance are the responsibili-

ties of the OTA board.

Toward the end of January

1993, new senior management

had begun to be put in place at

OTA. By the end of FY 1993, an

entirely new top management

team was confirmed, consisting of

a new director and two new

assistant directors. This reorgani -

zation was initiated with the

departure of former director John

H. Gibbons to assume the

position of President Clinton’s

Science Advisor.

The analytical work of the

Office is now organized into two

divisions, each headed by an

assistant director. They encompass

assessments grouped in the areas

of energy and materials; industry,

technology, and employment;

international security and com-

merce; science, education, and

transportation; telecommunication

and computing technologies;

biological applications; food and

renewable resources; health; and

oceans and environment.

Administrative offices support

the analytical work of the Office.

These offices handle budget and

finance, contracts, information

services, personnel, telecommuni-

cations and information systems,

building services, and publishing.

The Congressional and Public

Affairs Office assists in coordinat-

ing OTA’s work with various

committees of the House and

Senate, by initiating communica-

tions between OTA management

and staff, and the Technology

Assessment Board and the

Technology Assessment Advisory

Council. OTA publications are

widely disseminated on Capitol

Hill and are publicly available.

The Information Center provides

public access to the full collection

of OTA publications, including an

online index, and the Publications

Distribution Office within informa-

tion Marketing handles public

dissemination of OTA publica-

tions. (General Information on

OTA and availability of OTA

publications is listed on the inside

back cover.)

FY 1993 Activities

The prosperity and security of the

Nation depend in no small part

on how the U.S. Congress and

others anticipate and respond to

complex issues involving science

and technology. OTA has an

unequal led record in providing

Congress with facts, figures, and

nonpartisan analyses it can rely

on in dealing with critical national

issues involving science and

technology. As we approach the

2 1st century, the United States

and the world are undergoing

momentous political, economic,

socia1, and technological transfor-

mations that pose both new

problems and new opportunities

Page 10

for the nation’s lawmakers. U.S.

lawmakers seeking to cope with

these transformations are likely to

find that the guidance OTA can

provide is more valuable than

ever.

During FY 1993, OTA com-

pleted 50 reports spanning the

full range of science and technol-

ogy issues facing the Congress.

The following are examples of

OTA projects that had a signifi-

cant impact in areas that are of

vital interest to the Congress:

■ Getting the U.S. economy on o

sound footing for the years

ahead is clearly a high priority

of the Congress. One of the

challenges will be to find

productive civilian uses for the

resources that were formerly

devoted to the Nation’s

defense. OTA’s assessment of

U.S. Technology and the

Defense Conversion, which

includes Defense Conversion;

Redirecting R&D, concentrates

on new opportunities in this

area. Another OTA report,

Adult Literacy and New Tech-

nologies: Tools for a Lifetime,

focuses on how information

technologies can help equip

U.S. citizens with the skills

needed to participate fully in

the workplace. Multinationals

and the National Interest

discusses how to help ensure

that multinational corporations

such as IBM and AT&T work to

support economic growth and

high standards of living in the

United States.

■ Health care reform increasingly

is coming to dominate the

domestic policy agenda, and

OTA can help U.S. lawmakers

sort out some of the dilemmas

that arise in the debate. An

Inconsistent Picture: A Compila-

tion of Analyses of Economic

Impacts of Competing Ap-

proaches to Health Care

Reform by Experts and Stake-

holders, for example, points to

some of the reasons for the

wide range of differences in

estimated economic impacts of

approaches to health care

reform. OTA’s report Pharma-

ceutical R&D: Costs, Risks, and

Rewards can help inform the

development of sound Federal

policies related to payment for

prescription drugs.

Another item high on the

domestic policy agenda is

“reinventing govern merit.” At a

time when demand is growing

and budgets ore tighter,

Federal, State and local

governments face the chal-

lenge of delivering better

services faster and at less cost.

OTA’s report Making Govern-

ment Work: Electronic Delivery

of Federal Services provides

Congress with alternative

strategies for improving the

performance of government by

using modern computer and

telecommunication technolo-

gies.

■ Dealing with environmental

problems will be a continuing

challenge for U.S. policy-

makers for the foreseeable

future. Many scientists believe

that as a result of C02 emis-

sions from cars and other

factors, the Earth’s climate is

likely to warm by several

degrees during the next few

decades. OTA's report Prepor-

ing for an Uncertain Climate

discusses how U.S. policy-

makers can begin to plan for

the possibility of global

worming in the light of consid-

erable uncertainties about

when, where, and how much

change will occur. Another

OTA report, Dismantling the

■

Bomb and Managing the

Nuclear Mater ia l s p r e s e n t s

options for the successful

dismantlement and disposition

of nuclear weapons materials.

This is one of the major

environmental and public

health challenges the country

faces.

Energy Efficiency Technologies

for Central and Eastern Europe,

part of OTA’s assessment of

Energy and Environmental

Technology Transfer to Central

and Eastern Europe, notes that

transferring technology to

improve the efficiency of

energy use is one highly cost-

effective way for the United

States to encourage economic

reform, democratization, and

stability in the former commu-

nist countries of the Soviet

bloc. Energy is used very

wastefully in formerly centrally

planned economies, and the

waste limits economic develop-

ment and contributes to local

and global environmental

degradation.

The proliferation of chemical,

biological, and nuclear

weapons of mass destruction—

especially in unstable regions

of the world such as the Middle

East, S. Asia, and Korea—is

likely to pose a major security

threat to the United States and

other countries for many years

to come. OTA’s report Prolifera-

tion of Weapons of Mass

Destruction: Assessing the Risks

identifies a range of measures

from which a coherent nonpro-

liferation treat y might be

constructed.

OTA’s work in FY 1994 will

continue to reflect the explicit

needs of the committees of

jurisdiction. OTA serves as a

shared resource for Congress,

providing nonpartisan analysis

scientific and technological

issues—issues intrinsic to all

of

important policy issues—in a cost-

effective way.

Industg, commerce,and international

security division

The Industry

Commerce, and

Internationall Security

Division cornprise five

research Programs:

Energy and Materials;

Industry, Technology

and Employment;

International Security

and Commerce;

Science, Education,

and Transportation; and

Telecommunication

and Computing

Technologies,

The Energy and Materials

Program is responsible for

assisting the Congress in under-

standing the role of technology in

developing energy and materials

resources and the consequences

of these developments for society.

The Program helps the Congress

progress toward rational resource

development such that economic

growth is maintained, undesirable

side effects are kept to a mini-

mum, and the resource base is

sustained for future generations.

The Program covers those tech-

nologies that concern the extrac-

tion, delivery, and the use of

energy and materials. The

Program also analyzes world

energy and materials markets and

policies, especially the implica-

tions of U.S. imports and exports

of energy and materials.

The Industry, Technology, and

Employment Program examines

how technology affects the ability

of U.S. industry to contribute to a

healthy national economy. This

includes consideration of the

competitiveness of U.S. industries

in international markets; trade

and economic development

issues; the number and nature of

employment opportunities in the

U.S. economy; needs for worker

education, training and retrain-

ing; and ways to ease adjustment

in structural economic transitions.

The ITE Program is concerned

with the role of technology in

examining the competitive

position of both basic and new

industries, with the development

and dissemination of pre-

competitive technologies, and

with the quantity, nature, and

quality of jobs in the U.S.

economy.

The International Security and

Commerce Program deals with

the role of technology in national

security, exploration and commer-

cialization of space, and interna-

tional technology transfer. The

Program’s work in national

security focuses on assessment of

the likely impacts of technological

considerations on national

security, including international

stability, terrorism, diplomacy,

alliance relations, arms control,

deterrence, and defense. Assess-

ment of issues related to the

notion’s defense industrial and

technology base is an increasing

part of ISC’S work. The Program’s

work on space involves o broad

range of issues, such as space

transportation, international

cooperation and competition in

civilian space activities, and other

areas in which technological

progress, civilian exploration,

commercial uses of space, and

national security must all be

reconciled.

The Science, Education, and

Transportation Program includes

efforts focusing on the Federal

government’s role in national

transportation systems and policy;

it includes a variety of efforts

related to the Federal

Government’s role in maintaining

the health of the U.S. scientific

enterprise, especially allocation

and decision methods available

to the Congress to support and

manage research and develop-

ment; and, finally, the Program

activities include a strong focus

on the role of technology in

enhancing learning in schools as

well as in non-school educational

systems.

The Telecommunication and

Computing Technologies Program

is concerned primarily with the

changing role of telecommunica -

tions and computing technologies

in the nation’s industry, com -

merce, and government. The core

responsibilities of the Program

require monitoring the research

and development of new informa-

tion technologies and assessing

the state-of-the-art in these areas

as well as the pace and direction

of basic research and develop-

ment. The Program also studies

telecommunications regulation,

information policy, and applica-

tions of information technology in

the public sector.

In FY 1993, the Industry,

Commerce, and International

Security Division published 17

assessment reports and 10

background papers.

U.S. Banks and InternationalTelecommunications, October 1992Requested by:

House Committee on Foreign Affalrs

Senate Committee on Finance

Industrial Energy Efficiency,

Apr i l 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Governmental Affairs

Senate Committee on

Energy and Natural Resources

House Committee on

Energy and Commerce

House Committee on

Government Operations

House Committee on

Science, Space and Technology

Data Format Standards for Civil ian

Remote Sensing Satell ites, May 1993

Requested by:

House Committee on

Science, Space and Technology

Senate Committee on

Commerce, Science, and Transportation

Access to Over-the-Road Buses for

Persons with Disabil it ies, May 1993

Requested by

Mandated under Publlc Law 101-336

Advanced Network Technology,

June 1993

Requested by:

House Committee on

Science, Space and Technology

Senate Committee on

Commerce, Science and Transportation

The 1992 Wor ld Admin i s t rat ive

Radio Conference: Technology and

Public Implications, June 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Commerce, Science and Transportation

House Committee on

Energy and Commerce

Defense Conversion: Redirecting R&D,

June 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

Senate Committee on

Commerce, Science and Transportation

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

Senate Committee on Armed Services

House Committee on

Interior ond Insular Affairs

House Committee on

Government Operations

Page 14

Energy Efficiency Technologies for

Central and Eastern Europe, July 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Environment and Public Works

House Committee on Foreign Affairs

House Committee on

Energy and Commerce

Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

Who Goes There: Fr iend or Foe?,

July 1993Requested by:

House Committee on Armed Set-vices

Adult Literacy and New Technologies:

Tools for a Lifetime, July 1993

Requested by:

House Committee on Education and Labor

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

Endorsed by:

Joint Economic Committee

The Future of Remote Sensing for

Space: Civi l ian Satell ite Systems and

Applications, July 1993

Requested by:

House Committee on

Science, Space and Technology

Senate Committee on Commerce, Science

and Transportation

The Chemical Weapons Convention:

Effects on the U.S. Chemical Industry,

August 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs

Development Assistance, Export

Promotion, and Environmental

Technology, August 1993

Requested by:

House Committee on Foreign Affairs

House Committee on Energy and

Commerce

Senate Committee on Finance

Accessibi l ity and Integrity of Networked

Information Collections, August 1993

Aging Nuclear Power Plants: Managing

Plant Life and Decommissioning,

September 1993

Requested by

Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs

House Committee on

Energy and Commerce

Proliferation of Weapons of Mass

Destruction: Assessing the Risks,

September 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs

Multinationals and the National

Interest: Playing by Different Rules,

September 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Commerce, Science and Transportation

U.S. ‘Telecommunications Services in

European Markets, September 1993

Requested by:

House Committee on Foreign Affairs

Senate Committee on Finance

Pull ing Together for Productivity: A Union

Management Initiative at U S West, Inc.,

September 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Commerce, Science and Transportation

Protecting Privacy in Computerized

Medical Information, September 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs

House Committee on

Government Operations

Making Government Work: Electronic

Delivery of Federal Services,

September 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs

Contributions of DoE Weapons Labs ond

NIST to Semiconductor Technology,

September 1993

Requested by:

Hon. Ernest F. Hollings

Energy Eff iciency: Challenges and

Opportunit ies for Electric Uti l i t ies,

September 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs

Senate Committee on

Energy and Natural Resources

House Committee on

Energy and Commerce

House Committee on

Science, Space and Technology

House Committee on Government

Operations

Aircraft Evacuation Testing: Research

ond Technology Issues, September 1993

Requested by:

House Committee on

Science, Space and Technology

Potential Environmental Impacts of

Bioenergy Crop Production,

September 1993

Requested by:

House Committee on

Science, Space and Technology

House Committee on Energy and

Commerce

B iopolymers : Mak ing Mater ia l s

Nature’s, Way, September 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Energy and Natural Resources

Information Systems Related to

T e c h n o l o gy Transfer: A Report on Federal

Technology Transfer in the United States,

September 1993

Health, life sciences,and the environment

division

The Heollh, Life

Sciences, and the

Environment Division

comprises four

Programs: the

Biological and

Behavioral Sciences

Program, the Food

and Renewable

Resources Program,

the Health Program,

and the Oceans and

Environment/ Program.

The Biological and Behavioral

Sciences Program assesses state-

of-the-art technologies arising

from progress in a wide range of

scientific and technical disci-

plines. Typical studies explore

actual and potential applications

of results and techniques from

biological and behavioral

sciences, usually with an empha-

sis on ethical, legal, economic,

and regulatory issues. Currently,

the Program’s activities center on

(1) biotechnology and applica-

tions and implications of human

molecular genetics, (2) neurologi-

cal and behavioral sciences, and

(3) Federal regulatory programs

that involve use and understand-

ing of biological tests and

knowledge.

The scope of the Food and

Renewable Resources Program

includes all agriculture-related

technologies used to provide

society with food, fiber, and

chemicals, and technologies that

enhance or Jeopardize the ability

to sustain in perpetuity the

renewable resource bases that

make such production possible.

Agriculture itself is defined in the

broad sense, including all crop

and livestock production and

forestry. Attention also is given to

the impact that technology has

had and is likely to have on how

the agricultural system is orga-

nized, who controls it, and where

it is heading. Further, the Program

covers renewable resources that

presentl y may not be considered

or produced as crops, but that

support agricultural production

and are fundamental to human

needs generally. Relevant interna -

tional analyses on renewable

resources and agricuIture are

included in certain Program

studies.

The Health Program’s charter

reflected in two primary types of

efforts:

1 ) assessments of specific

clinical and general health care

technologies, and

is

2) studies of broader issues of

health policy related to or with

implications for technology.

In addition, it has certain

statutory, methodology oversight

responsibilities regarding Vietnam

veterans health studies, and

provides the staff work for the

OTA Director’s mandated respon-

sibility to select and appoint

members of the Prospective

Payment Assessment Commission,

the Physician Payment Review

Commission, and the Advisory

Panel on Alzheimer’s Disease.

The Oceans and Environment

Program has responsibility for all

ocean-related questions, includ-

ing ocean resources and maritime

policy, and for large-scale

environmental issues, such as

climate modification and air,

water, and land pollution. As a

result of changing congressional

interest, the Program has devel-

oped capability for analyzing the

difficult questions in which the

overriding concern lies with the

environmental effects of decisions.

The work of the Program usually

falls under several categories:

Federal services related to oceans

and the environment, natural

resources, pollution control,

marine industry, and climate

change.

In FY 1993, the Health, Life

Sciences, and the Environment

Division published 10 assessment

reports and 13 background

papers.

Genetic Tests and Health Insurance:

Results of a Survey, October 1992

Requested by:

House Committee on

Science, Space and Technology

House Committee on

Energy and Commerce

Genetic Counseling and Cystic Fibrosis

Carrier Screening: Results of a Survey,

October 1992

Requested by:

House Committee on

Science, Space and Technology

House Committee on

Energy and Commerce

Federal and Private Roles in the

Development and Revision of

Alglucerase Therapy for Gaucher

Disease, October 1992

Requested by:

House Committee on

Energy and Commerce

Science and Technology Issues in

Coastal Ecotourism, October 1992

Requested by:

House Committee on

Merchant Marine and Fisheries

Coverage of Preventive Services:

Provision of Selected Current Health

Care Reform Proposals, October 1992

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

Hazards Ahead: Managing Cleanup

Worker Health and Safety at the Nuclear

Weapons Complex, February 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on Armed Services

Pharmaceutical R&D: Casts, Risks, and

Rewards, February 1993

Requested by:

House Committee on

Energy and Commerce

Drug Labeling in Developing Countries,

May 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

House Committee on

Energy and Commerce

An Inconsistent Picture:

A Compilation of Analyses of Economic

Impacts of Competing Approaches to

Health Care Reform by Experts and

Stakeholders, June 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

Health Insurance:

The Hawaiian Experience, June 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

Compilation of Abbreviations and

Terms, September 1993

Water for Walker Lake, September 1993Requested by:

Senator Harry Reid

Alternative Coca Reduction Strategies in

the Andean Region, September 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

Senate Committee on the Judiciary

House Select Committee on Narcotics

Abuse and Control

Dismantl ing the Bomb and Managing

the Nuclear Materials, September 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs

Page 17

OTA Assessment: The Department of

Veterans Affairs Persian Gulf Veterans’

Health Registry, September 1993

Requested by:

Mandated under Public Law 102-585

The Continuing Challenge of

Tuberculosis, September 1993

Requested by.

House Committee on

Energy and Commerce

House Committee on Government

Operatlons

Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the

United States, September 1993

Requested by:

House Committee on Merchant Marine

and Flsheries

House Committee on Energy and

Commerce

Endorsed b y

Hon. Amo Houghton, TAB member

Benefit Design in Health Care

Reform: Clinical Preventive Services,

September 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

Hip Fracture Outcomes in Feople Age

50 and Over: Mortality, Service Use,

Expenditures, and Long-Term Functional

Impairment, September 1993

Requested by:

Senate Special Committee on Aging

Subcommittee on Labor, Health and

Human Services

Senate Committee on Finance

House Committee on

Energy and Commerce

Biomedical Ethics in U.S. Public Pol icy,

September 1993

Requested by

Senate Committee on Appropriations

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

Senate CommIttee on the Judiciary

The Biological Components of

Substance Abuse and Addiction,

September 1993

Requested by:

House Committee on

Government Operations

Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

Benefit Design in Health Care Reform:

Patient Cost-Sharing, September 1993

Requested by:

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

Impact of Legal Reforms on Medical

Malpractice Costs, September 1993

Requested by

House Committee on Ways and Means

Senate Committee on

Labor and Human Resources

House Committee on Appropriations,

Page 18

OTA forum ontechnology and governance

in the 1990s

The Forum

Proceedings are

available from

the OTA

Publ icat ions

D i s t r i b u t i o n

Office, Office of

Technology

Assessment,

U.S. Congress,

Washington, DC

20510-8025,

(202) 224-8996.

Twenty years ago, Congress

created the Office of Technology

Assessment to demystify the roles

of science and technology in

governance—to make specialized

information more accessible. For

two decades, during which time

the influence of technology has

grown enormously, OTA has

examined key socio-technical

issues of our time, providing

detailed information to congres-

sional committees and other

policy makers.

On January 27, 1993, in

celebration of OTA’s twentieth

anniversary, the Technology

Assessment Board hosted a one-

day Forum on Technology and

Governance in the 1990s for

members of Congress and key

congressional staff. The Forum

was designed to address several

goals:

To raise congressional and

public awareness of the most

critical issues faced by our

nation and the world.

To equip policy makers with an

improved understanding of

how best to deal with these

issues.

To show how technology is

woven into socio-economic,

domestic, and international

policies, and to demonstrate

the need to

methods of

institutional

real ity.

adapt our policies,

governance, and

mechanisms to this

Five topics were chosen,

selected on the basis of national

and/or global urgency, likely

continued importance to the

legislative agenda, and the

centrality of technology in creat-

ing or solving the problem:

international security; sustaining

the global environment; U.S.

economic competitiveness; health

care; and public education.

Distinguished speakers were

invited to address the topics—

— —. -.”-—.

outlining the problems, the

reasons for their urgency, and

alternatives for resolution. The

following is the list of papers

presented:

A New World Order and

Its Implications for Arms

Reductions

Robert S. McNamara

Former U.S. Secretary of

Defense

Former President,

The World Bank

■ .Sustaining the Global

Environment

Gro Harlem Brundtland

Prime Minister of Norway

Chair of the World

Commission on Environ-

ment and Development

■ Economic Competitiveness

in the U.S.

Laura D’Andrea Tyson,

Chair of the Council of

Economic Advisors

■

■

Medical Care Reform:

Building a Viable System

Arnold S. Relman

Professor of Medicine and of

Social Medicine, Harvard

School of Medicine

Editor-in-Chief Emeritus

New England Journal of

Medicine

Rethinking Public Education

in the U.S.

Derek Bok

President Emeritus, Harvard

University

OTA wishes to acknowledge

the generous financial support of

the Carnegie Corporation of New

York and Corning International,

without whom the Forum could

not have taken place, In addition,

OTA thanks the members of the

Technology Assessment Board and

the Technology Assessment

Work inprogress at

year-end

More than 41 proejects were in

progress during fiscal year 1993.

In addition, 14 new studies were

u nder ta ken.

This section lists the titles of

assessments underway or in press,

as of September 30, 1993. For a

full description of these projects,

please refer to the current “Assess-

ment Activities, ” OTA-PC -105.

This pamphlet is available f r o m

OTA by calling the Publications

Distribution Office at (202) 224-

8 9 9 6 .

Industry, Commerce, and

International Security Division

Energy and Materials Program

U.S. energy efficiency: past

trends and future opportunities

Renewable energy technology:

research development and

commercial prospects

Energy and environmental

technology transfer to Central

and Eastern Europe

Industry Technology, and

Employment Program

■ American industry and the

environment: implications for

trade and U.S. competitiveness

■ Multinational corporations and

U.S. technology base

■ Commercialization of emerg-

ing technologies

■ Technology, jobs and produc-

tivity in the service economy

International Security and

Commerce Program

■ Defense modeling and

simulation

■ Proliferation of weapons of

mass destruction

Page 21

■ Earth observation systems

■ Assessing the potential

integration of defense and

civilian technology and

manufacturing

Science, Education, and

Transpodation Program

■ Teachers and technology

Federal aviation research and

technolog y

■ Vocational education assess-

ment instruments

Telecommunication and

Computing Technologies Program

■ Information security and

privacy in network environ-

ments

■ Social Security Administration’s

information technology

automation program

■ Information technology and the

health care system

● The Electronic enterprise:

opportunities for American

business and industry

Health, Life Sciences, and the

Environment Division

Biological and Behavioral

Sciences Program

Research on health risk

assessment

Technologies for understanding

the root causes of substance

abuse and addiction

OSHA’S selection of control

technologies and assessments

of their impacts and costs

The human genome project

and patenting human DNA

sequences

Food and Renewable

Resources Program

■ Agriculture, trade and the

environment

■ Aquiculture: food and

renewable resources from

U.S. waters

● Biological pest control

■ Science and technology,

renewable resources and

international development

Health Program

■ Assessing the assumptions

behind health reform prejec-

tions

■ Regulator-y and health assess-

ments of dietary supplements

Setting the stage for studying

Persian Gulf veterans’ health

Monitoring of mandated

veteran studies

Federal response to AIDS:

congressional issues

Health professions training:

roles of Titles Vll and Vlll

Technology, insurance, and the

health care system

Defensive medicine and the

use of medical technology

International differences in

health technology, services and

economics

Policy issues in the prevention

and treatment of osteoporosis

Prospects for health technology

assessment

Appointment of the Prospective

Payment Assessment Commis-

sion and the Physician Payment

Review Commission

Oceans and Environment Program

Systems at risk from climate

change

■ New approaches to environ-

mental regulation

Technologyassessment advisory

council

The Technology Assessment

Advisory Council (TAAC) was

established by OTA’s statute, and

members are appointed by OTA’s

Congressional Technology

Assessment Board (TAB). The

Council advises TAB and the

Director on issues and other

matters related to science,

technology, and technology

assessment.

Neil E. Harl, Chairman

Dr. Harl is the Charles F. Curtiss

Distinguished Professor of Eco-

nomics at Iowa State University,

where he has served on the

faculty since 1964.

James Hunt, Vice Chairman

Dr. Hunt is Distinguished Profes-

sor, Health Sciences Center, at the

University of Tennessee in Mem-

phis. He previously served as

Chancellor of the Health Science

Center and as the Dean of

Medicine for the University. Prior

to joining the University, he served

as Chairman of the Department

of Medicine at the Mayo Clinic.

Lewis M. Branscomb

Dr. Branscomb is the Albert Pratt

Public Service Professor at

Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School

of Government. He is a former

executive of International Business

Machines. Prior to joining IBM, he

was the Director of the National

Bureau of Standards.

Herbert D. (Ted) Dean

Mr. Doan is a Partner with Doan

Associates. He was Chairman and

Founder of Doan Resources

Corporation. He served as

President of the Dow Chemical

Company for nine years.

Joshuca Lederberg

Dr. Lederberg was President of

Rockefeller University, New York.

He is the former Chairman of the

Department of Genetics at

Stanford University School of

Medicine. He is a member of the

National Academy of Sciences

and is a Nobel Laureate in

Physiology and Medicine.

Max Lennon

Dr. Lennon is President of

Clemson University. He previously

served on the faculties of Ohio

State University, (Vice-President for

Agricultural Administration and

Executive Dean for Agriculture,

Home Economics and Natural

Resources), University of Missouri,

and Texas Tech University.

Thomas J. Perkins

Mr. Perkins is the General Partner

of Kleiner & Perkins in San

Francisco. He held a number of

positions with Hewlett Packard

Company, most recently as

Assistant Manager, Corporate

Research Laboratories. He also

served as Vice President, Market-

ing with Optics Technology, Inc.

and as an Electrical Engineer with

Sperry Corporation.

Chase N. Peterson

Dr. Peterson is President Emeritus

of the University of Utah. He

practiced medicine at the Salt

Lake Clinic and taught at the LDS

Hospital and University of Utah

Medical School until his appoint-

ment as Dean of Admissions and

Financial Aids at Harvard Col-

lege. There he also served as Vice

President for Alumni Affairs and

Development. Dr. Peterson

returned to the University of Utah

in 1978 as Vice President for

Health Sciences, and has served

as University President since

1983.

John F. M. Sims

Dr. Sims is Vice President for

Marketing for Usibelli Coal Mine,

Inc. He previously served as

Director of the Office of Mineral

Development with the Alaska

Department of Commerce and

Economic Development. Dr. Sims

also taught Geological Engineer-

ing at the University of Alaska-

Fairbanks.

Marina v.N. Whitman

Dr. Whitman is a Professor at the

Institute of Public Policy Studies at

the University of Michigan.

Previously she sewed as the Vice

President and Group Executive for

Public Affairs Staff Group at

General Motors Corporation. She

also served as Vice President and

Chief Economist at General

Motors. Prior to joining General

Motors she taught at the Univer-

sity of Pittsburgh.

Statutory Members

Charles A. Bowsher

Mr. Bowsher is Comptroller

General of the United States and

Director of the U. S. General

Accounting Office.

Joseph E. Ross

Mr. Ross is Director of the Con-

gressional Research Service, U. S.

Library of Congress.

OTA staffas of September

1993

Office of the DirectorRoger Herdman, Director

Barbara Linkins, Executive Assistant

Gilda Squire, Secretary

Kerry Kemp, Managing Editor

Budget and FinanceJack Boertlein, Budget and Finance Officer

Carolyn Datcher, Senior Accounting

Technician

Frances Hemingway, Senior Finance Analyst

Alan King, Accounting Technician

Carrie Miller, Accounting Technician

Staff travel

Panel\work groups

Publications

Program support

Research contracts

Rent, communication

and equipment

Salaries and benefits

0 3 , 0 0 0 6 , 0 0 0 9,000 12,000

Personnel ServicesWilliam Norris, Personnel Director

Lola Craw, Payroll/Benefits Officer

Laura Ellinger, Administrative Assistant

Gail Turner, Personnel Specialist

Informatiom Management andBuilding ServicesMartha Dexter, Director, Information

Management

Informafion MarketingDebra Datcher, Information Marketing

Officer

Theodore Williams, Publications Distribu-

tion Technician

Building ServicesKevin McNair, Building Services Supervisor

Markell Robinson, Clerk/Courier

Medical ServicesJanet Hammond, Resident Nurse

Congressional and Public AffairsJames Jensen, Director

Congressional Affairs

Jean McDonald, Director, Press Affairs

Barbara Ketchum, Administrative Secretary

Karen Piccione, Administrative Assistant

Eugenia Ufholz, Congressional Affairs

Officer

Publishing OfficeMary Lou Higgs, Manager, Publishing

Services

Cheryl Davis, Electronic Publishing

Specialist

Dorinda Edmondson, Senior Electronic

Publishing Specialist

Denise Felix, Production Editor

Susan Hoffmeyer, Graphic Designer

William Moore, Production Editor

J. Christine Onrubia, Senior Graphic

Designer

Bonnie Sparks, Electronic Publishing

Specialist

Service CenterCarlton Agee, Service Center Supervisor

Michael Brown, Service Center Technician

Page 25

Industry, Commerce, and

International Security DivisionPeter Blair, Assistant Director

Pidge Chapman, Dlvlson Adminlstrator

Energy and Materials ProgramEmilla Govon, Program Manager

Tina Al kens, Secretory

Samuel Baldwin, Senior Analyst

Alan Crane, Senior Associate

Joy DunkerIey, Senior Analyst

Gregor y Eyring, Senior Analyst

David Jensen, Analyst

Paul Komor, senior Analyst

Karen Larsen, Senior Analyst

Linda Long, Admlnlstratve Secretary

John Newman, Senior Analyst

Steven Plotkln, Senior Associate

Robin Roy, Senior Analyst

Joanne Seder, Senior Analyst

Matthew Weinberg, Analyst

Industry Technology andEmployment ProgramAudrey Buyrn, Program Manager

John Alic, Senior Associale

Rob Atklnson, Senior Analyst

Wendell Fletcher, Senior Associate

Ken Freeman, Senior Analyst

Margaret Hi!ton, Senior Analyst

June Gorte, Senior AssociateWilliam Keller, Senior Analyst

Gretchen Kolsrud, Senior Associate

Rodney Sobin, Analyst

Louise Staley, Off Ice Adrninlstrator

Robert Weissler, Senior Analyst

Diane Whlte, Admlnlstratlve Secretary

International Security andCommerce ProgramAlan Shawi, Program Manager

Jacqueline Boykin, Off Ice Admlnistrator

Mlchael Collaham, Senior Analyst

Arthur Charo, Senior Analyst

Dean Cheng, Analyst,’Congressional Fellow

Gerald Epstein, Senior Analyst

Anthony Falnberg, Senior Associate

Social work, education and sociology

Publlc policy, political science, technology and policy

Psychology, management sciences, social sciences

Physics

Ecology, environmental sciences, geology, energyresource rmanagement, geography, earth sciences

Engineering

Economics and business

Law

Communlcatlons, journalism and library science

Public adrnlnistratlon, government, International

affairs, regional plannlng and Industrial relatlons

Medicine and public health

Biology, physiology, toxicology, zoology and chemistry

Thomas Karas, Senior Associate

Brian McCue, Senior Analyst

Jack Nunn, .Senlor Associate

Ivan Oelrlch, Senior Analyst

Christopher Waychoff, Senior Analyst

Ray Wllllamson, Senior Associate

Science, Education, andTransposition ProgramNancy Carson, Program Manager

Daniel Cohen, Research Analyst

Kevin Depart, Senior Analyst

Marsha Fenn, Off Ice Admlnlstrator

Kathleen Fulton, Senior Analyst

Gay Jackson, PC Speclallst

Tamara Kowalskl, Secretary

Ethan Leonard, Research Analyst

Patty Morlson, Analyst

Beth Robinson, Senior Analyst

Kelley Scott, Analyst

Greg Wallace, Research Assistant

John Wirt, Senior Analyst

Telecommunication and ComputingTechnologies ProgramJames Curlin, Program Manager

Karen Bandy, Senior Analyst

Paula Bruening, Analyst

Alan Buzacott, Analyst

Vary V Coates, Senior Associate

Elizabeth Emanuel, Off Ice Admlnlstrator

Stephanie Gajar, Analyst

Linda Garcia, Senior Associate

Emlllo Gonzalez, Analyst

Tom Hausken, Analyst

Todd Lo Porte, Analyst

Sunll Paul, Analyst

Joe Raguso, Analyst

Karolyn St. Clalr, PC Specialist

Michelle Smith, Secretary

Joan Winston, Senior Associate

Fred Wood, Senior Associate

David Wye, Analyst

conference centerEdie Grandstaff, Conference Center

Coordinator

Sean Copeland, Conference Center

Assistant

Telecommunications andlnformation SystemsSylvester Boyd, Manager, Telecommunlca -

tlons and Information Systems

Larry Bond, Senior Systems Analyst

Mary Beth Breitbach, Systems Support

Analyst

Brenda Hahn, Systems Support Analyst

Philip Jackson, Assistant Manager,

Telecommunlcatlons and Information

Systems

Vincent McCa[l, Systems Technlclan

John Warren, Systems Technician

Health, Life Sciences, and

Environment DivisionClyde Behney, Assistant Director

Carol Bock, Division Assistant

Biological and BehavioralSciences Program

the

Michael Gough, Program Manager

David Butler, Analyst

Gerard Fergerson, Mllbank Fellow

Ellen Goode, Research Analyst

Laura Lee Hall, Senior Analyst

Jacqueline Keller, Reseorch Analyst

Jene Lewis, Admlnlstratlve Secretary

Ellen McDermott, Research Assistant

Robyn Nishlml, Senior Associate

Kevin O’Connor, Senior Analyst

Cecile Parker, Off Ice Admlnlstratar

Dalton Paxman, Senior Analyst

Linda Rayford, PC Specialist

Jennifer Schmidt, Analyst

Michael Snyder, Analyst

Thomas Vlschi, Congressional Fellow

Food and RenewableResources ProgramWalter E. Parham, Program Manager

Ellzabeth Chornesky, Analyst

Patricia Durana, Senior Analyst

Nell ie Hammond, Administrate Secretary

Alison Hess, Senior Associate

Vivian Keller, Analyst

Nathaniel Lewis, Office Administrator

Michael Phillips, Senior Associate

Cameron Proffitt, Research Analyst

Carolyn Swarm, PC Speclallst

Catherine Torres, Research Analyst

Robin White, Senior Analyst

Phyllis Windle, Senior Associate

Health ProgramClyde J. Behney, Acting Program Manager

Doug Berkson, Research Assistant

Dan Carson, PC Specialist

Jackie Corrlgan, Senior Analyst

Denise Dougherty, Senior Associate

Jill Eden, Senior Analyst

Neil Eisenberg, Research Assistant

Beckie Erickson, Off Ice Administrator

Hellen Gelband, Senior Associate

Eric Gille, Secretary/Receptionist

Michael Gluck, Senior Analyst

Dave Grabowski, Research Assistant

Maria Hewitt, Senior Analyst

David Klingman, Senior Analyst

Arna Lane, Research Analyst

Mary Laschober, Analyst

Justin Latus, Research Analyst

Cheryl Liechty, Research Assistant

Taml Mark, Senior Analyst

Carolyn Martin, Secretary/Word Processor

Katie Maslow, Senior Associate

Robert McDonough, Senior Analyst

Philip Pollshuk, Research Assistant

Elaine Power, Senior Analyst

Terri Smith, Intern

Laura Strlcker Research Assistant

Sean Tunis, Senior Analyst

Judith Wagner, Senior Associate

Leah Wolfe, Analyst

Oceans and EnvironmenthgramRobert Niblock, Program Manager

Kathleen Beil, Office Administrator

Rosina Bierbaum, Senior Associate

Michael Bowes, Senior Analyst

Mark Brown, Senior Analyst

Paul Carroll, Research Analyst

Kathy Cox, Analyst

Donna Downing, Senior Analyst

Robert Friedman, Senior Associate

Betsy Gunn, Congressional Fellow

Joan Horn, Senior Analyst

Elise Holland, Research Analyst

Kim Holmlund, Administrative Secretary

Peter Johnson, Senior Associate

Lois Joellenbeck, Analyst/Congressional

Fellow

Sharon Knarvik, Secretary

Jan Linsenmeyer Research Analyst

Tara O’Toole, Senior Analyst

German Reyes, Analyst

Sherry Showell, Analyst

William Westermeyer, Senior Analyst

Contracts and Procurement OfficeKaren Cox, Director of Contracts

Paul Starr, Contracts and Legal Specialist

Greg Joyce, Senior Procurement Specialist

Information CenterGail Kouril, Manager, Information Services

Tracey Amey, Librarian

Nancy Bennett, Intern

Debra McCurry, Assistant Manager,

Information Services

Linda Trout, Librarian

Keith West, Information Technician

OTA awardsand fellowship

programs

The Distinguished Service

Award is given to those individu-

als who have made notable

outstanding contributions to OTA

and the accomplishment of OTA’s

mission. Nominations are made

by all OTA staff, and employees in

all job categories are eligible. A

rotating Employee Recognition

Committee selects the recipients.

The following OTA staff were

honored with the Distinguished

Service Award for 1993:

Pidge Chapman, Division

Administrator, Industry,

Commerce, and International

Securit y Division

Mary Lou Higgs, Manager,

Publishing Services

Vincent McCall, Systems

Technician, Telecommunica-

tions and Information Systems

OTA Reports Recognized as

Notable

In May 1993, the American

Library Association’s Government

Documents Round Table an-

nounced their list of Notable

Government Documents for

1992. Of the 20 Federal govern-

ment documents recognized, four

were OTA reports:

■

■

■

■

After the Cold War: Living with

Lower Defense Spending,

Industry, Technology and

Employment Program, Kitty

Gillman, Project Director

Biological Rhythms: lmplica-

tions for the Worker, Biological

and Behavioral Sciences

Program, David l.iskowsky,

Project Director

Testing in American Schools:

Asking the Right Questions,

Science, Education, and

Transportat ion Program,

Michael Feuer, Project Director

U.S. Dairy Industry at a Cross-

roads: Biotechnology and

Polic y Choices, Food and

Renewable Resources Program,

Mike Phillips, Project Director

The Government Documents

Round Table selects those docu-

ments they consider to be the best

of the government information

sources produced in the previous

year. These documents “expand

our knowledge, enhance the

quality of life, and/or contribute

to an understanding of govern-

merit. ”

Blue Pencil Awards

The National Association of

Government Communicators

conducts the Blue Pencil Competi-

tion as an annual recognition of

outstanding government commu-

nications projects and producers.

Entries are judged on writing,

editorial content, layout and

design, achievement of purpose

and cost effectiveness. This year

three OTA reports were recog-

nized in the competition:

● Cystic Fibrosis and DNA Tests:

Implications of Carrier Screen-

ing, Biological and Behavioral

Sciences Program, Robyn

Nishimi, Project Director, First

Place, Books for a Technical

Audience Category

● Testing in American Schools:

Asking the Right Questions,

Science, Education, and

Transportation Program,

Michael Feuer, Project Director,

Second Place, Books for

General Audience Category

■ Evaluation of the Oregon

Medicaid Proposal, Health

Program, Elaine Power, Project

Director, Honorable Mention,

Books for a Technical Audience

Category

The Morris K. Udall Fellowship

Program

The Udall Fellowship Program is

awarded to up to six individuals

each year for a one-year appoint-

ment at OTA. It was established in

1991 by the Technology Assess-

ment Board in honor of Morris K.

Udall, retired congressman from

Arizona who served 30 years in

the House of Representatives and

18 years on the Technology

Assessment Board. Qualified

candidates must demonstrate

exceptional ability in areas

needed in OTA’s work, such as the

physical or biological sciences,

engineering, law, economics,

environmental and social sci-

ences, and public policy. Candi-

dates must have significant

experience in technical fields or

management or have completed

research at the doctoral level.

Fellows, 1992-93

■ Lucian Hughes, Industry,

Technology and Employment

Program

■ Thomas Vischi, Biological

Applications Program

Fellows, 1993-94

■ Dean Cheng, International

Security and Commerce

Program

■ Betsy Gunn, Oceans and

Environment Program

■ Lois Joellenbeck, Oceans and

Environment Program

Congressional Fellowship in

Health Policy

The Milbank Memorial Fund and

OTA established the Congres-

sional Fellowship in Health Policy

in 1992 to be served at OTA

beginning in September 1992.

The program seeks candidates

with substantial training and

experience in research and strong

interest in health policy. The

fellowship provides an opportunity

for an individual of proven ability

and considerable promise to work

with OTA researchers to assist

Congress in its deliberations of

science and technology issues

affecting our Nation’s health

policy and to gain a better

understanding of the ways in

which Congress establishes

national Policy related to these

issues.

The Fund and OTA invited

applications from individuals who

have demonstrated ability in

research on issues of health

policy. Applicants should have

doctorates in the social sciences

or related areas or have terminal

scientific or professional degrees

and considerable training in

research using the policy sciences

Fellow, 1992-93

■ Sean TU nis, HeaIth Program

Fellow, 1993-94

■ Gerard Fergerson, Biological

and Behavioral Sciences

Program

——

Advisorsand panel

members*

Richard E. $chuler, Chairman

Professor

School of Civil and Envlronmental

Engineering

Cornell University

Peter Bradford

Commissioner

New York Public Service Commission

Rlchard W. Devane

President

Framatome USA, Inc.

Wil l iam Dornsife

Acting Director

Bureau of Radiation Protection

Pennsylvania Department of

Environmental Resources

S. David Freeman

General Manager

Sacramento Municipal Utility District

Michael W. Golay

Professor

Department of Nuclear Engineering

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Jerome Goldberg

President

Nuclear Dlvislon

Florida Power and Light Company

Howard Hll ler

Vice President

Salomon Brothers

David G. Heel

Director

Dlvislon of Biometry and Risk Assessment

National Institute of Environmental Health

Science

Leonard Hyman

First Vice President

Merrill Lynch Capital Markets

James Joosten

Principal Admlnlstrator

OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency

George J. Konzek

Senior Research Engineer

Waste Systems Department

Battelle, Pacific Northwest lab

Martin J Pasqualetti

Professor

Department of Geography

Arizona State University

Robert Pollard

Senior Nuclear Safety Engineer

Union of Concerned Sclentists

Daniel W, Reicher

Senior Attorney

Natural Resources Defense Council

Cas Robinson

Director

National Association of Regulatory

Commissioners

John J. Taylor

Vice President

Nuclear Power Dlvlslon

Electric Power Research Institute

“Affiliations ore at time of appolntment to panel

or workshop

H.B. Tucker

Senior Vice President

Nuclear Generation Group

Duke Power Co,

Nat Wood son

Vice President and General Manager

Westinghouse Electric Corp.

ENERGY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERTO CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEADVISORY PANELMarshall Goldman, Chairman

Associate Director

RussIan Research Center

Wellesley College

Margaret Bowman

Director

Environmental Program for

Central & Eastern Europe

Environmental Law Institute

Robert W, Campbell

Professor

Department of Economics

Indiana Universit y

Will iam U. Chandler

Director

Advanced International Studies Unit

Pacific Northwest Laboratory

Robert Ebel

Senior Associate

Energy Security Program

Center for Strategic & International Studies

Charles K. Ebinger

Director, Energy Group and

Executive Vice President

International Resources Group

Richord Jacobs

President

Newstar, Inc.

Richord A. Liroff

Director

Central & Eastern European Program

World Wildlife Fund

Simon K. Mencher

President

Alpha Finance & Management Corp.

John f? Minneman

Vice President

Chase Manhattan Bank, New York

Espy P. Price

Vice President

CIS Department

Chevron Overseas Petroleum Inc.

Matthew J. Sagers

Director

Energy Services & Senior Economist

PlanEcon, Inc.

Raymond J. Sero

General Manager

International Division

Westinghouse Energy Central

R ay Snokhaus

Senior Vice President

Government & Regulatory Affairs

Houston Industries, Inc.

Robert H. Socolow

Director

Energy and Environmental Policy Center

Princeton University

Richard Spears

Vice President

Spears & Associates

RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGYRESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT ANDCOMMERCIAL PROSPECTS ADVISORYPANELRobert W. Fri, Chairman

President

Resources for the Future

Jim Batchelor

Vice President

Technical Services

SF Services, Inc.

Art Brooks

President

Sun Earth, Inc.

Edward J. Carlough

General President

Sheet Metal Workers International

John Corsi

Chairman and CEO

Solarex

J. Michael Davis

Consultant

David Dawson

Forest Policy Consultant

W. Densmore Hunter

Department Manager

Process R&D

Weyerhauser Co,

Renz D. Jennings

Chairman

Arizona Corp. Commission

David Kearney

President

Kearney and Associates

John Kennedy

Chief Engineer—Space Systems

Allied-Signal Aerospace, Air Research

Los Angeles Division

Alden Meyer

Director

Climate Change and Energy Program

Union of Concerned Scientists

Roberta Nichols

Manager, Electric Vehicle

Strategy and Planning

Technical Affairs

Ford Motor Co.

Mike Nicklas

President

Innovative Design

Dale Osborn

President

US Windpower Inc.

Ellzabeth Paine

Commlssloner

State of Maine

Bruce Pasternak

Senior Vice President

Managing Officer, Energy Practice

Booz, Allen, and Hamilton

Mario Richter

Vice President

Salomon Brothers, Inc.

Victor Shaio

President

New Energy Corporation of Indiana

Scott Sklar

Executive Director

Solar Energy Industries Association

Cad Weinberg

Manager

Research and Development

Paclflc Gas & Electrlc Co.

Robert H. Williams

Senior Research Sclentlst

Center for Energy and Environmental

Studies

Princeton Unlverslty

Kurt E. Yeager

Senior Vice President

Technical Operations

Electrlc Power Research institute

US. ENERGY EFFICIENCYADVISORY PANELJames F Gibbons, Chairman

Dean

School of Engineering

Stanford Unlverslty

Dale Compton

Professor

School of Industrial

Purdue University

Englneerlng

Marc Cooper

Director of Research

Consumers Federation of America

Robert deHaan

Director of Engineering

Amana Refrigeration Company

Daniel A. Dreyfus

Vice President

Strategic Planning & Analysis

Gas Research Institute

Clark W Gell ings

Director

Customer Systems Division

Electrlc Power Research Institute

David B. Goldstein

Senior Scientist

Natural Resources Defense Council

Cheryl Harrington

Director

Regulatory Assistance Project

Kenneth Hickman

Vice President

Applied Systems Division

The York International Corporation

Edward Mclnerney

Chief Engineer

GE Appliance Division

General Electric Company

Alan Mil ler

Professor

Center for Global Change

University of Maryland-College Park

Gary Nakarado

Commissioner

Public Utility Commission of Colorado

John W. Rowe

President and Chief Executive Officer

New England Electric System

Maxine Savitz

Director

Garrett Ceramic Components

All led- Signal Aerospace

Sherwood Smith

Chairman & President

Carollna Power & Light Company

Richard Tracey

Director of Engineering Services

Ryland Homes

B.C. Waycaster

Vice President & General Manager

Hydrocarbons & Energy Department

DOW Chemical

Irvin White

Senior Director

Laboratory Energy Program

Battelle Paclfic Northwest Labs

Mason Wll lr ich

President

Pacific Gas and Electrlc Enterprise

James L, Wolf

Executive Director

The Alliance to Save Energy

Eric R. Zausner

President

Strategic Performance Management

WORKSHOP ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

OF BIOENERGY CROP PRODUCTION

WORKSHOP ON SOCIAL COSTS OF

ENERGY USE

Industry, Technology, and

Employment Program

AMERICAN INDUSTRY ANDENVIRONMENT ADVISORY PANELRoland W. Schmitt, Chairman

President

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Edgar Berkey

President

National Environmental Technology

Applications Corp.

Judith Dean T.C. Parsons

Associate Professor of Economics Executive Director

School of Advanced & International Studies Center for Industrial Services

Johns Hopkins University University of Tennessee—Nashville

Robert E. Driscoll Lowrence Ross

President Director

U S -ASEAN Council for Business and Center for Waste Reduction Technologies

Technology, Inc. American Institute of Chemical Engineers

Peter Emerson

Senior Economist

Environmental Defense Fund

Harry L. Foster

Senior Economist

Product Plannlng and Economics Staff

General Motors

Stewart J. Hudson

Leglslatlve Representative

International Affairs Department

National Wlldllfe Federation

Mary Kelly

Executive Director

Texas Center for Policy Studies

Jeffrey Leonard

President

Global Environment Fund

David S, Marsh

President

Marsh Plating Corp

Jessica T. Matthews*

Vice President

World Resources Institute

Martyn Riddle

Chief

Environmental Unit

International Finance Corp.

Paul Relis

Board Member

California Integrated Waste

Management Board

Maxine Savitz

Director

Garrett Ceramic Components

Allied-Signal Aerospace

Samuel A. Schulhof

Director

Environmental Research Center

General Electric Co.

James Selover

Principal

Selover Associates

Morgaret Seminario

Director

Deportment of Occupational

Safety and Health

A F L - C I O

Robert S. McNamara John J. Sheehan

Trustee Legislative Director and

U S.-Japan Foundation Assistant to the President

United Steelworkers of America

J.A Meyer

Senior Vice President Sally Shelton

Chevron Research & Technology Co. Former U.S. Ambassador of

Eastern Caribbean Countries

MULTINATIONAL FIRMS & THE U.STECHNOLOGY BASE ADVISORY PANELLawrence M. Friedman, Chairman

Professor

Stanford Law School

Jay Chai

Chairman and CEO

C. Itoh and Company

Alfred Chandler

Professor

Harvard Business School

Lance Compa

Administrative Officer

Washington -Baltimore Newspaper Guild

Stanley J. Fidleman

Senior Vice President

Engineering, Safety and Environment

Merck

R. Scott Fosler

President

National Academy of Public Administration

Will iam Greider

National Editor

Rolllng Stone

Richard W. Heimlich

Corporate Vice President

International Strategy

Motorola, Inc.

Robert J. Hermann

Vice President

Science and Technology

United Technology Corp.

Jeffrey Leonard

President

Global Environment Fund

Theordore J. Lowi

John L, Senior Professor of

American Institutions

Government Department

Cornell University

“Resigned April 1993

Page 33

David A. Markle

Vice President

Advanced Technology

Ultratech Stepper

Oscar B. Marx, Ill

Vice President

Automotive Components Group

Ford Motor Company

Wil l iam D. Mulholland

Bank of Montreal

Indra Nooyi

Vice President

Strategy and Planning

Asea Brown & Boveri, Inc.

James F RIII

Partner

Collier, Shannon, RIII and Scott

Richard B. Samuels

Ford International Professor and Head,

Department of Politlcal Science

Director of MIT Japan Program

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Peter Schavolr

IBM Director of Strategy

IBM

Steven Schlosstein

President

SBS Associates, Inc

Harley Shaiken

Professor

Department of Communlcations

University of California—San Diego

Raymond Vernon

Clarence Dillon Professor of

International Affairs

Emeritus, John F Kennedy School of

Government, Harvard Unlverslty

Andrew W. Wyckoff

Head of Economic Analysls SectIon

Directorate for Science, Technology, and

Industry

Organlzatlon for Economic Cooperation

and Development

DEFENSE CONVERSION: REDIRECTINGR&D ADVISORY PANELMcGeorge Bundy, Chairman

Professor Emeritus of History

New York University

Michael Borrus

Deputy Director

Berkeley Roundtable on International

Economics

University of California

Kent H. Bowen

Co-Director

Leaders for Manufacturing

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Charles Bradford

Director

Occupational Safety & Health and

Community Services

International Association of

Machinists and Aerospace Workers

Robert S. Carlton

Vice President

Community and Business Services

Jackson Community College, Jackson, Ml

Philip W. Cheney

Vice President of Engineering

Raytheon Co

Robert S. Cooper

President, CEO and

Chairman of Board of Directors

Atlantic Aerospace Electronics Corp

Christopher Demlsch

Partner

McFadden Brothers

Robert C. Dynes

Professor

Department of Physics

Unlverslty of California, San Diego

Craig Fields

President

Chief Technical Officer and

Chief Operating Officer

Mlcroelectronics & Computer

Technology Corp.

Arthur Flathers

Director of Independent R&D

GE Aerospace

Douglas Fraser

Professor

Labor Studies

Wayne State University

Gregory S. Frisby

Chief Executive Officer

Frlsby Airborne Hydraulics

Donald A. Hicks

Professor

Political Economy

The Bruton Center for Development Studies

University of Texas, Dallas

Frank J. Lewis

Senior Vice President and Special Assistant

to Chairman and CEO

Harris Corp

John P. McTague

Vice President for Technical Affairs

Ford Motor Co,

Ann Markusen

Professor

Director of the Project on Regional and

Industrial Economics

Rutgers University

Basil Papadales

Site Manager

W.J. Schafer Associates, Inc.

Jack Simon

Manager

Government R&D Programs

General Motors, Washington Office

Suzanne Teegarden

Executive Director

Industrial Services Program

State of Massachusetts

Charles D, Vollmer

Vice President

Technology Initiatlves

Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc

CONTRIBUTIONS OF DOE

DEFENSE LABS & NIST TO THE

SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY WORKSHOP

International Security and

Commerce Program

ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL FOR CLOSERINTEGRATION OF DEFENSE ANDCIVILIAN TECHNOLOGY ANDMANUFACTURING ADVISORY PANELWalter La Beige, Chairman

Consultant

Robert Calaway

President

Resource Management International, Inc.

Gordon Corlew

Vice President

Engineering and Production

AIL Systems, Inc.

S.P. Desjardins

President

Simula Inc.

Roger Fountain

President and CEO

Great Lakes Composites Corp.

Jacques S. Gander

Senior Vice President

The Analytic Sciences Corp.

Herbert Glazer

Professor of International Business

International Business Department

Kogod College of Business Administratlon

American University

Alfred G. Hansen

Vice President C- 130 Programs

Lockheed

Joel W. Marsh

Director

Government Acquisition Policy

United Technologies

Thomas L. McNaugher

Senior Fellow

The Brookings Institution

Christian L. Midgley

Dilvision Manager

RayChem Corp.

F Whitten Peters

Partner

Williams and Connolly

Louis Rosen

Partner & National Director of

Government Contract Services

Ernst & Young

Howard Samuel

Senior Fellow

Council on Competitiveness

Robert W. Selden

Associate Director

Laboratory Development

Los Alamo National Laboratory

Leonard Sullivan

Consultant

System Planning Corp.

James A. Tegnelia

Executive Vice President

Sandia National Laboratory

Nicholas Tore Ill

Torelli Enterprises

Harry Train

Division Manager

Strategic Research and Management

Services Division

Science Application International Corp.

FUTURE OF REMOTE SENSING FROMSPACE ADVISORY PANELRodney W. Nichols, Chairman

C E O

The New York Academy of Sciences

James G. Anderson

Professor

Department of Chemistry

Harvard University

Wil l iam Brown

President

ERIM Corp.

Ronald Brunner

Professor

Department of Political Science

University of Colorado

Joanne Gabrynowicz

Associate Professor

Center for Aerospace Sciences

University of North Dakota

Alexander F.H. Goetz

Director

Center for Study of Earth from Space

University of Colorodo

David Goodenough

Chief Research Scientist

Pacific Forestry Center

Forestry Canada

Donald Latham

Corporate Director

Loral Corp.

Cecil E. Leith

Physicist

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

John H. McElroy

Dean of Engineering

The University of Texas at Arlington

Molly McCauley

Fellow

Resources for the Future

Earl Merritt

President

Merritt Assoc.

Alan Mil ler

Professor

Center for Global Change

University of Maryland-College Park

Raymond E. Miller

Professor

Department of Computer Science

University of Maryland

Kenneth Pedersen

Research Professor of International Affairs

School of Foreign Service

Georgetown Unlversity

David T Sandwell

Geological Resources Division

Scripps Institute of Oceanography

Dorm Walk let

President

Terra Nova Corp

Albert D Wheelon

Consultant

PROLIFERATION OF WEAPONS OF MASSDESTRUCTION ADVISORY PANELJames E. Goodby, Chairman’

Dlstinguished Service Professor

Carnegie-Mellon University

James E. Leonard, Chairman 2

Executive Director

Washington Council on Non-Proliferation

George Anzelon

Associate Division Leader

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

WiII D Carpenter

Consultant

Lewis A Dunn

Assistant Vice President and Manager of

Negotiations and Planning Division

Science Applicatlons International Corp.

Randall Forsberg

Executive Director

Institute for Defense and Disarmament

Studies

Thomas R. Fox

Director

Office of National Security Technology

Pacific Northwest Laboratories

Alan R. Goldhammer

Director of Technical Affairs

Industrial Biotechnolog y Association

John M. Googln

Senior Staff Consultant

Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.

Robert G. Gough

Senior Member, Technical Staff

Sandia National Laboratories

Elisa D. Harris 3

Senior Research Analyst

The Brookings Institution

Geoffre y K e m p

Senior Associate

Carnegie Endowment for International

Peace

Joshua Lederberg4

Professor

The Rockefeller University

John W. Lewis

Professor

Center for International Security and Arms

Control

Stanford Universit y

Lee W. Mercer

Corporate Export Manager

Digital Equipment Corp.

Matthew S. Meselson

Professor

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular

Biology

Harvard University

Stephen M. Meyer

Professor

Center for International Studies

Massachusetts Institute of Technolog y

Gary Milholl in

Director

Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control

Marvin M. Mil ler

Senior Research Scientist

Department of Nuclear Engineering

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Janne E, NoIon

Senior Fellow-in-Foreign Policy

The Brookings Instltutton

William C. Potter

Director

Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies

Monterey Institute of International Studies

Barbara Hatch Rosenberg

Professor

Division of Natural Sciences

S U N Y

Lawrence Scheinmon’

Professor of Government and Associate

Director

Peace Studies Program

Cornell University

Leonard S Spector

Senior Associate

Carnegie Endowment for International

Peace

Sergio C Trindade

President

S E2T International, Ltd

Resigned to become Chief U S Negotiator for

Safe and Secure Dismantlement of Nuclear

weapons2Panel member untiI June 1, 1993; Ponel chair

after June 1, 1993

~ Resigned Jon 29, 1993 to join Notinal Security

Council staff

‘Ex-office, Member of Technology Assessment

Advisory Council5 Resigned Aug 13, 1993 to become Counselor

for Nonproliferation in the U S Department

of Energy

WORKSHOP ON CIVIL-MILITARY

INTEGRATION OF MANUFACTURING

PROCESS

David Haase

Executive Central Air Safety Chairman

Air Line Pilots Association

Richard V. Burkhauser

Senior Fellow

Geronto log y Program

Syracuse UniversityWORKSHOP ON EOS AND USGCRP

Jonathan Howe

Attorney

Zuckert, Scoutt, & Rasenberger

WORKSHOP ON FORMATS, MEDIA AND

STANDARDS FOR CIVILIAN REMOTELY

SENSED DATA

Kenneth M. Campbell

Executive Director

Ohio Developmental Disabilities

Planning CouncilNoreene Koan

Chairperson

National Air Safety Committee

Association of Flight Attendants

WORKSHOP ON FUTURE OF REMOTELY

SENSED DATA

Joseph M. Dabrowski

Vice President for Engineering

Transportation Manufacturing Corp.

WORKSHOP ON FUTURE OF REMOTE

SENSING FROM SPACE

WORKSHOP ON REMOTE SENSING DATA:

MANAGEMENT/ DISTRIBUTION, AND

ANALYSIS

Richard Livingston

Air Transportation Consultant Joseph S. Dusenbury

Commissioner

South Carolina Vocational

Rehabilitation Department

T, Al Ian McArtor

President

FEDEX Aeronautics Corp.

WORKSHOP ON POTENTIAL MILITARY USES

OF CIVILIAN SATELLITES

WORKSHOP ON SHIPBUILDINGMarlene Eide

Commissioner

Williams County, North Dakota

WORKSHOP ON FUTURE TRENDS IN

GLOBAL SECURITY

Clinton V. Oster, Jr.

Professor

School of Public and Environmental Affairs

Indiana University Lex Frieden

Senior Vice President

Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and

Research

Science, Education, and

Transportation ProgramWillard G, Plentl, Jr.

Director

Division of Aviation for North CarolinaFEDERAL AVIATION RESEARCH ANDTECHNOLOGY ADVISORY PANELNajeeb E. Halaby, Chair

Chairman

Sofair International

Frank M. Henry

President

Frank Martz Coach Co.

Robert W. Simpson

Director

Flight Transportation Lab

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ralf Hotchkiss

Director

Wheeled Mobility Center

San Francisco State University

Robert W. Baker

Executive Vice President, Operations

American Airlines, Inc.

Richard Swauger

Air Traffic Consultant

Patricia F. Wailer

Director

Transportation Research Institute

University of Michigan

Fred Kaiser

President

Kerrville Bus Co., Inc.

William F. Ballhaus, Jr,

President

Martin Marietta Aero & Naval Systems

Theodore Knappen

Principal

Government Affairs Management

Associates

Robert A. Davis

Vice President, Engineering

Boeing Commercial Airplane GroupINTERCITY BUS ACCESS FORINDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIESCharles B. Wheeler, Jr., Chair

President

Wheeler Medical Laboratories

Donald D. Engen

President

AOPA Air Safety Foundation

Jock Michaels

Technolog y Access Consultant

Robert C. Brown

Senior Vice President

Lehman Brothers

Ronald R. Moore

President

Burlington Trailways

Edmund S. Greenslet

President

ESG Aviation Services

Page 37

Michael H Sharff

Asslstant Secretary far Public Transportation

Massachusetts Executive Off Ice of

Transportation and Construct Ion

Molly Drake

Director

Alternate Teacher Preparation Program

University of Southern Florida, Tampa

Tom Snyder

President

Tom Snyder Productions

Adam Urbanski

President

Rochester Teachers Association, New York

Walter A Spencer

Senior Vice President

Cole Layer-Trumble Co

Lee Ehman

Professor of Education

Indiana University, Bloomington

Valerie J. Wilford

Media Specialist

Executive Director

Illinois Valley Library System

Patricia Weaver

Assistant Research Scientist

University of Kansas Transportation Center

Geoffre y Fletcher

Associate Commissioner for Technology

Applications

Texas State Department of Education

James A Wil l iams

Chairman

United Transporation Union Local 1564

Art Wise

President

National Council for Accreditation of

Teacher Education

Keith Heuttig

School Board Member

Val le y School District, Hazelton, Indiana

Ex-officio members

Robert Ashby

Deputy Assistant General Counsel

Off Ice of The Secretary

U S Department of Transportation

Yolanda Jenkins

Senior Program Administrator

IBM EduQuest

Kristina Woolsey

Distinguished Scientist

Advanced Technology Group

Apple Computer

Stanley Johnson

Science Teacher

Jefferson Junior High School, Washington,

D C

Lawrence Roffee

Executive Director

Architectural and Transportation Barriers

Compliance Board

TECHNOLOGIES FOR LITERACYADVISORY PANELRichard Venezky, Chair

Unidel Professor of Educational Studies and

Professor of Computer and Information

Science

University of Delaware

Leslie Lemon

Fifth Grade Teacher

West Elementar y School, Moss Point,

Miss i ss ippi

Donald Trilling

Director, Off Ice of Transportation Regula-

tory Affairs

Office of the Secretary

U S Department of Transportation Louise McCarran

Regulatory Consultant

Christine Cope

President

South Dakota Literacy Council

TEACHERS AND TECHNOLOGYADVISORY PANELAllen Glenn, Chairperson

Dean

College of Education

University of Washington, Seattle

Henry R. Marockie

Superintendent of Schools

West Virginia State Department of

Education

Sharon Darling

President

National Center for Family Literacy,

Louisvi l le, KY

Argelio B. Perez

Associate Superintendent for Educational

Services

Lansing School District, Michigan

Allen DeBevoise

President

AND Communications, Inc.

Milton Chen

Director

Center for Education and Lifelong Learning

K Q E D Ronald Gillum

Director

Adult Extended Learning Services

Michigan Department of Education

Dwight Prince

Principal

Robert E Lee Elementary School, Long

Beach, California

Chris Cross

Executive Director

Business Roundtable

Shirley Brice Heath

Professor of English, Linguistics, and

Anthropolgy

Stanford University

Richard Varn

Senator

Iowa State Legislature

Bernie Campbell

Vice President

Information Services

Sonoco Products

George Walker

President

Delta Wire Co.

Jim Kadamus

Assistant Commissioner

Higher and Continuing Education

New York State Department of Education

Carl Cargil l

Standards Strategist

Sun Microsystems, Inc.

WORKSHOP ON FEDERAL AVIATION

TECHNOLOGY AND U.S. COMPETITIVENESS Rev. William Cunningham

Founder and Director

Focus HOPE

Irwin Kirsch

Director

Division of Cognitive and Assessment

Research

Educational Testing Service

Telecommunication and

Computing Technologies

Program

Irwin Dorros

Vice President

Technolog y

Bell Communications ResearchWill iam Kolberg

President & CEO

National Alliance of Business

ELECTRONIC ENTERPRISE: NEWOPPORTUNITIES FOR AMERICANBUSINESS AND INDUSTRY ADVISORYPANELDaniel Bell, Chairman

Scholar-in-Residence

American Academy of Arts & Sciences

Frank Emspak

School for Workers

University of WisconsinR ay Marshal l

Professor

L. B.J. School of Public Affairs

University of Texas, Austin

Peter Keen

Consultant

Earl ine McNary

Consultant

Sara Kiesler

Professor

Department of Social and Decision

Sciences

Carnegie Mellon University

Marietta L. Baba

Acting Chair

Department of Anthropology

Wayne State UniversityJob Moraido

Social Worker

Law Offices of the Public Defender

Child Advocacy Division, San Diego, CA

James Beatty

President

National Consulting Systems

James L., Koontz

Chief Executive Officer

Kingsbury Corp.Richard Murnane

Professor of Economics

Harvard Graduate School of Education

Jim Benn

Executive Director

Federation for Industrial Retention &

Renewal

Donald Lasher

President

Information Service Division

United States Automobile Association

Reg Murphy

Executive Vice President

National Geographic Society Kathleen Bernard

Director, External Programs

North Carolina Supercomputer Center

Scott Loftesness

Group Vice President

Visa International

Dale Rezabek

GAIN Coordinator

California Community College, Sacra-

mento

Willard R. Bishop, Jr.

President

Willard Bishop Associates

Glenn Smith

Manager

Strategic Technology Planning

United Parcel Service

Antonia Stone

President

Playing to Win

Fred Block

Chairman

Department of Sociology

University of California

Paul Vetter

Director

Information Services

Cone MiIIs Corp.

Page 39

Mark Weiser

Chief Scientist and Manager

Computer Science Lab

Xerox Polo Alto Research Center

John Wohlstetter

Director

Technology Affairs

GTE Corp.

John Zysman

Co-Director

Berkeley Round Table on International

Econom y

Unversity of California, Berkeley

MAKING GOVERNMENT WORK:ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF FEDERALSERVICES ADVISORY PANELDonald A. Marchand, Chairman

Dean

School of Information Studies

Syracuse University

Raza A. Babar

Director

Global Research and Intelligence

Detroit Edison Company

Thomas B. Beard

Chairman

Florida Public Service Commission

Ying-Chung Annie Chen

Director

Strategic Analysis

Pacific Telesis Group

Will iam H Dutton

Professor of Communication

The Annenberg School of Communication

Unversity of Southern California

Francis Dummer Fisher

Visiting Scholar

L.B.J. School of Public Affairs

University of Texas

Carol Fukunaga

Vice Chair

NCSL Information Policy Task Force

Hawaii House of Representatives

Charles H. Geisler

formerly Director, Technical Computing

Technical Computations Department

3M Company

Thomas M. Grundner

President

National Public Telecomputing Network

Glen P Haney

Former Director

Office of Information Resources Manage-

ment

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Alexander H. HiIIs

Distinguished Service Professor

Carnegie Mellon Unlversity

Edwin A. Levine

formerly Regional Director

Government Affairs

EDS Corp.

Alvin E. Nashman

Former President

Systems Group

Computer Science Corp

Diana Roose

Research Director

9 to 5, National Association of Working

Women

Jorge Reina Schement

Associate Professor

School of Communication, Information,

and Library Studies

Rutgers University

Alan F Westin

Professor of Public Law and Government

Department of Political Science

Columbia University

Joseph Terrence Williams

Manager

Women, Infants and Children Program

Wyoming Department of Public Health

US. TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES INEUROPEAN MARKETS ADVISORY PANELJohn Diebold, Chairman

Diebold Institute for

Public PO IICy Studies, Inc

James R. Beniger, Professor

Annenburg School of Communications

University of Southern California

Mark L. Bigelow

Network Architect

Information Services

Bechtel Corp.

Robert Bruce

Partner

Debevoise & Plimpton

Emilio DeLia

Department Director

International Communications Services

A T & T

Steven Flaiser

Vice President for Space Systems

LORAL

Kenneth Gordon

Chief Commissioner

Massachusetts Department of Public

Transportation

Bruce Greenwald

Professor

Department of Economics

Columbia University School of Business

J Donald Karmizin

Vice President

Management Information Systems

United Airlines

Gene Kimmelman

Consumer Federation of America

Mike Nugent

Vice President and Associate

General Counsel

Citibank, NA

Barbara O’Connor

Chairperson, Alliance for Public Technology

Department of Communications

California State University

Reynie U. Ortiz

Vice President for Public Policy

U.S. West

Francis Plude

Professor

Department of Communications

John Carroll University

Michael J. Reilly, Sr.

Vice President for External Relations

Reuters America, Inc.

Tony Rutkowski

Vice President

S P R I N T

Marie-Monique Steckel

President

France Telecom Inc.

WORKSHOP ON BUSINESS APPLICATIONS

OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

WORKSHOP ON THE ELECTRONIC

ENTERPRISE: LABOR MANAGEMENT

WORKSHOP ON THE ELECTRONIC

ENTERPRISE: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR

AMERICAN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY

WORKSHOP ON PRIVACY RIGHTS IN

COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL INFORMATION

Biological and Behavioral

Sciences Program

CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND DNA TESTS:IMPLICATIONS OF CARRIER SCREENINGADVISORY PANELJessica G. Davis, Chair

Co-Director

Genetics Department

New York Hospital

Arthur L. Beaudet

Professor

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Baylor College of Medicine

Debra L. Collins

Genetic Counselor

University of Kansas Medical Center

Beth A. Fine

Genetic Counselor/Clinlcal Instructor

Section of Reproductive Genetics

Northwestern University Medical School

Lynn D. Fleisher

Attorney

Sidley & Austin

Clark C. Havighurst

William Neal Reynolds Professor of Law

School of Law

Duke University

John Z. Jacoby, Ill

Clinical Assistant

The Cystic Fibrosis Center

St. Vincent’s Hospital and Medical Center

Ang'e Ie Khachadour

General Counsel

Hastings College of Law

Katherine W. Klinger

Vice President, Science

Integrated Genetics

Arthur Lifson

Vice President

Health Management Services

CIGNA Companies

Robert F Murray, Jr.

Professor

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health

College of Medicine—Howard University

Mark Pauly

Executive Director

Leonard Davis Institute of

Health Economics

Wharton School—Universit y o f

Pennsylvania

Susan Poling

Parent

Thomas K. Reed, Jr.

Chairman

Vivigen, Inc

Philip R. Reilly

President

Shriver Center for Mental Retardation, Inc

Joseph D. Schulman

Director

Genetics & IVF Institute

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT ANDPATENTING HUMAN DNA SEQUENCESADVISORY PANELLeRoy Walters, Chair

Director Center for Bioethics

Kenned y Institute of Ethics

Georgetown University

Charles Auffrey

Project Director

Genethon

Evry, France

David Botstein

Professor and Chairman

Department of Genetics

Stanford Universit y Medical Center

Robert M. Cook- Deegon

Director

Division of Blobehavioral Sciences and

Mental Disorders

Institute of Medicine

Rebecca S. Eisenberg

Professor of Law

Unversity of Michigan Law School

James F Haley, Jr.

Partner

Fish & Neave

Marilyn Hartig

Director

Corporate Development,

Pharmaceuticals/Biotech

Warner- Lambert Co.

Page 41

Max D. Hensley

Vice President for Intellectual Property

Gilead Sciences, Inc.

Thomas D. Kiley

Consultant

William A. Linton, Ill

President and Chairman

Promega Corp.

Lita L. Nelsen

Director

Technolog y Licensing Office

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Deborah Nickerson

Professor

Department of Molecular Biotechnology

University of Washington, Seattle

David A.A. Owen

Director

Industrial Collaboration and Licensing

Medical Research Council, UK

J. David Roessner

Professor

School of Public Policy

Georgia Institute of Technology

Joseph Straus

Professor

Max Planck Institute for Foreign and

International Patent and Copyright

Munich, Germany

J. Craig Venter

President and Director

Institute for Genomic Research

Teri S. Willey

Associate Director

Office of Technology Transfer

Purdue Research Foundation

Ronald G. Worton

Geneticist- in-Chief

Department of Genetics

Hospital for Sick Children,

Toronto, Canada

OSHA’S SELECTlON OF CONTROLTECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENT OFTHEIR IMPACTS AND COSTS ADVISORYPANELJohn R. Froines, Chair

Director

Center for Occupational and

Environmental Health

School of Public Health

University of California-Los Angeles

Nicholas A. Ashford

Professor

Center for Technology,

Policy and Industrial Development

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Robert Crandall

Senior Fellow

Economic Studies Program

The Brookings Institution

Morton Corn

Professor

School of Hygiene and Public Health

The Johns Hopkins University

William T, Dickens

Associate Professor

Department of Economics

University of California, Berkeley

James S, Holt

Senior Economist and

Vice President for Research

Employment Policy Foundation

William F! Kelly

Vice President and General Manager

Fibers Division

The Carborundum Co,

Karl Kronebusch

La Follette Institute of Public Affairs

University of Wisconsin

Lester B. Lave

James H. Higgins Professor of Economics

Department of Economics

Carnegie-Mellon University

Thomas McGarity

William Stomps Farlsh Professor of Law

School of Law

University of Texas at Austin

John Mendeloff

Professor

School of Public and International Affairs

University of Pittsburgh

Stephen M. Rappaport

Professor of Occupational Health

Department of Environmental

Sciences and Engineering

Occupational Safet y a n d

Health Educational Resource Center

University of North Carolina

Susan Rose-Ackerman

Henry R. Luce Professor of Jurisprudence

School of Law

Yale University

Barbara A. Sllverstein

Director of Research

Department of Labor and Industries

Safety and Health Assessment and

Search for Prevent Ion

State of Washington

James W. Smith

Chief Economist (ret.)

United Steel Workers of America

Margaret M. Seminario

Director

Department of Occupational

Safety and Health

American Federation of Labor and

Congress of Industrial Organizations

RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICALCARCINOGENS ADVISORY PANELRonald W. Estabrook, Chair

Virginia Lazenby O’Hera Professor of

Biochemistry

Department of Biochemistry

Unversity of Texas Southwestern Medical

Center

Eula Bingham Curtis C. Travis Robbie M. Jackman

Vice President & Dean for Graduate Studies Director Assistant Commissioner

Institute of Environmental Health Center for Risk Assessment State of Tennessee

University of Cincinnati Medical Center Oak Ridge National Laboratory Department of Public Health

Thomas A. Burke

Assistant Professor

Department of Health Policy and

Management

The Johns Hopkins University School of

Hygiene and Public Health

Adam M. Finkel

Fellow

Center for Risk Management

Resources for the Future

Joseph H Guth

Senior Project Scientist

Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.

Oliver Hankinson

Associate Professor of Pathology

Laboratory of Biomedical and

Environmental Sciences

University of California—Los Angeles

David Lilienfield

Senior Epidemiologist

The EMMES Corp.

Gilbert Omenn

Dean

School of Public Health and Community

Medicine

University of Washington, Seattle

Cohn N. Park

Associate Scientist and Issues Manager

Health and Environmental Sciences

The Dow Chemical Co.

David f? Rail

Consultant

Joseph V Rodricks

Senior Vice President

Head, Health Sciences Department

ENVIRON International Corp.

James D. Wilson

Regulatory Issues Director

Environmental Safety and Health Staff

Monsanto Co.

Lauren Zeise

Acting Chief and Senior Toxicologist

Office of Environmental Health Hazard

Assessment

California Environmental Protection Agency

Rae Zimmerman

Professor of Planning

Robert F Wagner Graduate School of

Public Service

New York University

TECHNOLOGIES FOR UNDERSTANDINGTHE ROOT CAUSES OF SUBSTANCEABUSE AND ADDICTlON ADVISORYPANELPatricia E, Evans, Chair

Director of Research

Bayview-Hunter’s Point Foundation

Marilyn Aguirre-Molina

Assistant Professor

Department of Environmental and

Community Medicine

Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

Jeffrey G. Becker

Vice President

Office of Alcohol Issues

The Beer Institute

Lawrence S. Brown Jr.

Vice-President

Addiction Research and Treatment Corp.

Mary Edwards

Director

Joy of Jesus

Camden House

Bernard Ell is

Consultant

Sheppard Kellam

Professor and Chairman

Department of Mental Hygiene

School of Hygiene and Public Health

The Johns Hopkins Universit y

Herbert Kleber

Director, Division on Substance Abuse

Department of Psychiatry

College of Physicians and Surgeons

Columbia Universit y

George F. Koob

Member

Department of Neuropharmacology

The Scripps Research Institute

Mary Jeanne Kreek

Associate Professor

Department of Biology and Addictive

Diseases

The Rockefeller University

John Lucas

President

John Lucas Enterprises

Spero Man son

Professor

Department of Psychiatry

University Health Science Center

Colorado Psychiatric Hospital

Roger Meyer

Vice President for Medical Affairs and

Executive Dean

George Washington Universit y

Medical School

David F. Musto

Professor of Psychiatry

Child Studies Center

Yale University

Ruben Ortega

Police Chief

Salt Lake City, Utah

Sue Rusche

Executive Director

National Families In Action

Lawrence Wallack

Associate Professor

School of Public Health

Kenneth E Warner

Professor and Chair, Department of Public

Health Policy and Administration

School of Public Health

University of Michigan

Roger Wilkins

Clarence J Robinson Professor of History

and American Culture

George Mason Unversity

WORKSHOP ON THE AMERICANS WITH

DISABILITIES ACT, MENTAL ILLNESS AND

EMPLOYMENT

WORKSHOP ON BIOMEDICAL ETHICS IN

U.S. PUBLIC POLICY

WORKSHOP ON COMMUNITY-BASED DRUG

PREVENTION

WORKSHOP ON DRUG AVAILABILITY

WORKSHOP ON INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH

IMPLICATIONS OF DNA PATENTS

WORKSHOP ON FEDERAL SUPPORT OF RISK

ASSESSMENT: STRUCTURE AND

ORGANIZATION

WORKSHOP ON LEGAL ISSUES IN

PATENTING HUMAN DNA

WORKSHOP ON ROLE OF RECREATIONAL,

CULTURAL, AND OTHER COMMUNITY

ACTIVITIES AND SETTlNGS IN PREVENTING

DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTH

WORKSHOP ON UNDERSTANDING THE

ROLE OF GENETIC FACETS IN MENTAL

ILLNESS

Food and Renewable Resources

Program

AGRICULTURE, TRADE AND THEENVIRONMENT ADVISORY PANELSandra Batie

Professor

Deportment of Agricultural Economics

Michigan State University

William L. Bryant

Chairman

W.L. Bryant Company

Anne Chadwick

Special Trade Consultant

Department of Food & Agriculture

The Chadwick Company

John M. Duxbury

Director

Agricultural Ecosystems Program

Cornell University

AlIan Robert James Eaglesham

Visiting Scientist

Cornell University

Peter Emerson

Senior Economist

Environmental Defense Fund

Dan Esty

Fellow

Institute for International Economics

David Fredrickson

President

Minnesota Farmers Union

Stephen R. Gliessman

Director

Department of Agroecology Program

University of California, Santa Cruz

Ralph W. F Hardy

President

Boyce Tower Institute

Robert Harness

Vice President for Regulatory Science

Agriculture Group

Monsanto Company

Robbin Johnson

Corporate Vice President

Department of Public Affairs

Cargill, Inc.

Jack Laurie

President

Michigan Farm Bureau

Alexander F McCalla

Professor

Department of Agricultural Economics

University of California, DavIs

Stanley Miller

Vice President

Deportment of International Sales

Excel Corp

Kitty Reichelderfer Smith

Director of Policy Studies

Henry A. Wallace Institute

Ann Veneman

Counsel

Patton, Boggs, and Blow

Justin R. Ward

Senior Resource Specialist

Natural Resources Defense Council

Cecil A. Watson

Farmer

Pete Wenstrand

Vice President

National Corn Growers Association

David Wheeler

Acting Division Chief

Environment, Infrastructure and

Agriculture Division

The World Bank

AQUACULTURE: FOOD AND RENEWABLERESOURCES FROM US. WATERSADVISORY PANELDon Abt

Marine Biological Laboratory

Woodshole Oceanographic Institute

Joseph McCraren

Executive Director

National Aquiculture Association

Alfred Crosby

Professor

Department of American Studies

University of Texas

Ted McNulty

Aquiculture Coordinator

Arkansas Development Finance Authority

Les Ehler

Professor

Department of Entomology

University of California—Davis

Jan Auyong

Project Manager

Mar Res Associates

David Ortman

Director

Friends of the Earth William Flemer, Ill

President

Wm. Flemer’s Son’s, inc.

Princeton Nurseries

John Bardach

Senior Marine Advisor

Environment and Policy Institute

John Pitts

Consultant

Merry Camhi

Ecology/Staff Scientist

Scully Science Center

Bradley H, Powers

Director

Aquiculture/Seafood Programs

National Association of Aquiculture

Coordinators

John Grandy

Vice President

Wildlife & Habitat Protection

Humane Society of the U.S.

John S. Corbin

Manager

Aquiculture Development Program

Lynn Greenwatt

Vice President

Department of International Affairs

National Wildlife Federation

Robert R. Stickney

Professor

School of Fisheries,

University of Washington

Mike Freeze

Keo Fish Form, Inc.

Roberti Kahn

ConsultantMichael Hastings

Executive Director

Maine Aquiculture Innovation Center

Hugh Warren, Ill

Executive Vice President

Catfish Farmers of America Will iam B. Kovalak

Supervisor

Environmental & Regulatory Compliance

Detroit Edison Compony

Timothy K. Hennessy

President

Ekk Will Waterlife Resources

NON-INDIGENOUS SPECIESADVISORY PANELMarion Cox, Chair

Managing Director

Resource Associates

Jack Lattin

Curator of the Museum

Entomology Museum

Oregon State University-Corvall is

Bille Hougart

Vice President

Oceanic Institute

J. Baird Callicot

Professor

Department of Philosophy

University of Wisconsin—Stevens Point

Robert Hulbrock

Aquiculture Coordinator

Department of Fish and Game

Joseph P McCraren

Executive Director

National Aquiculture Associatio n

Ann Kapuscinski

Associate Professor

Sea Grant College Program

University of Minnesota

Faith Campbell

Senior Scientist

Natural Resources Defense Council

Marshall Meyers

General Council

Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council

James Carlton

Director

Maritime Studies Program

Will iams College—Mystic Seaport

Robert Morris

Resource Manager

Western Division

Louisiana Pacific

Roy Martin

Executive Director

National Aquiculture Council

National Fisheries Institute

Page 45

Philip Regal

Professor

Department of Ecology and

Behavioral Biology

University of Minnesota

Rudolph Rosen

Director of Wildlife

Parks and Wildlife Department

State of Texas

Don Schmitz

Biological Scientist

Bureau of Aquatic Plant Management

Florida Department of Natural Resources

Jerry Scribner

Attorney-at-Law

Howard M Singletary, Jr

Director

Plant Industry Division

North Carolina Department of Agriculture

Clifford W Smith

Director, Cooperative Park Study Unit

Department of National Parks

University of Hawaii, Manoa

Reggle Wyckoff

Consultant

WORKSHOP ON AQUACULTURE FUTURES

Health Program

ASSESSING THE ASSUMPTIONSBEHIND HEALTH REFORM PROJECTIONSADVISORY PANELJoseph P Newhouse, Chair

Director

Division of Health Policy Research and

Education

Harvard University

Stuart H Altman

Dean

Florence Heller School

Brandeis University

Harold Cohen

President

Hal Cohen, Inc.

Karen Davis

Executive Vice President

The Commonwealth Fund

Tom J. Elkln

Assistant Executive Officer

Health Benefit Services

CalPERS

Deborah A. Freund

Director

Otis Bowen Research

Indiana Unlversity

Fernando A. Guerra

Director

Center

San Antonio Metropolitan Health Dtstr-let

Will iam Hsiao

Professor of Health System Economics

Department of Health Policy and

Management

Harvard School of Public Health

Sherrie Kaplan

Co-Director

Division of Health Services Research

The Health Institute, New England

Medical Center

Lawrence R. Klein

Professor of Economics

University of Pennsylvania

Wood row Myers

Vice President far Medical Affairs

The Associated Group

Jack Rodgers

Senior Manager

Director of Health Policy Analysis

Price Waterhouse

Allen J. Sorbo

Principal

Tillinghast, A Towers Perrin Co.

Gail R. Wilensky

Senior Fellow

Project HOPE

Michael C. Wolf son

Director General

Institutions and Social Statistics Branch

Statistics Canada, Ottawa

DEFENSIVE MEDICINE AND THE USE OFMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ADVISORYPANELRandall Bovbjerg, Chair

Senior Research Associate

The Urban Institute

John R, Ball

Executive Vice President

American College of Physicians

James Blumstein

Professor of Law

Vanderbilt University Law School

Troyen Brennan

Professor of Law and Public Health

Department of Health Policy and

Management

Harvard School of Public Health

Brad Cohn

President

Physician Insurers Association of America

Edward David

Chairman

Maine Board of Registration in Medicine

Richard Frank

Professor

Health Services Research

Development Center

Johns Hopkins University

Pamela Gilbert

Legislative Director

and

Public Citizen Congress Watch

Rodne y Hayward

Assistant Professor

Department of Internal Medicine

University of Michigan School of Medicine

Page 46

Richard Kravitz

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Division of General Medicine

Primary Care Center, Sacramento, CA

Enrique Fefer

Regional Advisor

Essential Drugs Program

Pan American Health Organization

Albert Wertheimer

Professor

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy

Sidney Wolfe

Director

Public Citizen Health Research Group

George D Malkasian

Chairman

Department of Obstetrics& Gynecolog y

Mayo Clinic

Paula Fujiwara

Clinical Instructor

Department of Internal Medicine

Unilersity of California—San Francisco

INTERNATIONAL DIFFERENCES INHEALTH TECHNOLOGY SERVICES, ANDECONOMICS ADVISORY PANELRosemary Stevens, Chairperson

Dean, School of Arts & Sciences

University of Pennsylvania

Barry Manuel

Associate Dean

Boston University College of Medicine

Harris Gleckman

Medical Director

MDR TB Team

New York City Department of Health

J Douglas Peters

Attorne y

Charfoos and Christensen, Attorneys at Law

Keith Johnson

Director of Drug Information

United States Pharmacopoeia

Stuart Altman

Dean

Florence Heller School

Brandeis University

Richmond Prescott

former Associate Executive Director for the

Permanante Medical Group, Inc

William S. Merkin

Senior Vice President

Strategic Policy, Inc. Jan E. Blanpain

Professor

School of Public Health

Leuven University

David Sundwall

Vice President and Medical Director

American Healthcare Systems Institute Mary Ellen Mortensen

Assistant Professor-Pharmac y & Toxicolog y

Columbus Children’s Hospital

Ohio State Unversity, Columbus

Laurence R. Tancredi

Private Consultant

Harry F? Cain II

Senior Vice President

Federal Employee Program

Blue Cross/Blue ShieldJames S. Todd

Executive Vice President

Armerican Medical Association

Robert Neimeth

President

Pfizer International, Inc. Tom Chapman

President

FACHE

The Greater Southeast Healthcare System

Mark Novitch

Executive Vice President

Upjohn Pharmaceutical Corp.

DRUG LABELING ADVISORY PANEL

Bernard Mirkin, Chair

Head & Director of Research

Children’s Memorial Institute for Education

Northwestern University Medical School

Louis P. Garrison, Jr,

Director of Health Economics

Pharmacoeconomics Research

Syntex Development Research

Johanna E Perlmutter

Head

Division of Human Sexuality

Beth Israel HospitalStuart Baker

Partner

Steptoe & Johnston

Annetine Gelijns

Associate Director

Habib Center for Surgical Studies

Columbia Universit y

Michael Reich

Associate Professor

Harvard School of Public HealthPaul A Belford

President

Associate Executive Resources Group Regina Rowan

Chair, Pharmaceutical Workgroup

Interfaith Center on Corporate

Responsibility

Medical Mission Sisters

Wil l iam Glaser

Professor

New School for Social Research

Graduate School of Management and

Urban Polic y

Joseph Cook

Director

Program for Tropical Disease Research

Edna McConnell Clark Foundation

..-—— —.

John K. Iglehart

Editor

Health Affairs

El len M Immergut

Associate Professor

Department of Political Science

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Lynn E Jensen

Vice President

Group on Health Policy and Programs

American Medical Association

Stanley Jones

Consultant

Bengt Jonsson

Professor

Stockholm School of Economics

Kenneth Maton

Research Professor

Duke Center for Demographic Studies

Duke University

Edward Neuschler

Director

Policy Development & Research

Health Insurance Association of America

Jean-Pierre Poullier

Director

Education, Employment and Social Affairs

Off Ice for Economic Cooperation and

Development, France

Mark Schlesinger

Associate Professor

Department of Epidemiology and Public

Health

Yale University Medical School

Bruce C Vladeck

Administrator

Health Care Financing Adminilstration

HEALTH AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT OFDIETARY SUPPLEMENTS ADVISORY PANELRichard K. Riegelman, Chair

Director

Public Health Programs

George Washington University School of

Medicine and Health Sciences

Adrianne Bendich

Clinical Research Scientist

Department of Human Nutrition Research

Hoffman La Roche, Inc.

Dennis M. Bier

Director

Children’s Nutritional Research Center

Gladys Block

Professor

School of Public Health

University of California, Berkeley

Joseph Bresse

Vice President

Sales and Marketing

General Nutrition, Inc

J.B. Cordaro

President

Council for Responsible Nutrition

Ann Corken

Drug Information Specialist

US. Pharmacopela-Drug Information

Division

Johanna Dwyer

Director

Frances Stern Nutrition Center

New England Medical Center

Janet L. Greger

Professor

Department of Nutritional Sciences

University of Wisconsin - Madison

Ryan Huxtable

Professor

Department of Pharmacology

College of Medicine, University of Arizona

Loren Israelsen

Attorney at Law

Bonnie Liebmon

Director of Nutrition

Center for Science in the Public Interest

Rob McCaleb

President

Herb Research Foundation

Donald B McCormick

Professor

Department of Biochermistry

Emory University School of Mediclne

Stephen H. McNamara

Attorney

Hyman, Phelps & McNamara, PC

Welter Mertz

Director

Beltsvllle Human Nutrition Research Center

U S Department of Agriculture

Joseph E Pizzorno, Jr

Founding President

Bastyr College

Simon Young

Professor

Department of Psychiatry

McGill University, Montreal, Quebec,

Canada

Walter Willett

Chairman

Department of Nutrition

Harvard School of Public Health

PHARMACEUTICAL R&D: COSTS, RISKS,AND REWARDS ADVISORY PANELFrederick M Scherer, Chair

Professor of Economics

John F. Kennedy School of Government

Harvard Unlversity

Jerome Avorn

Director

Program for Analysis of Clinical Strategies

Harvard Medical School

Page 48

Martin Neil Baily

Professor

Department of Economics

University of Mar-y land-College Park

Nancy L. Buc

Partner

Weil, Gotshal & Manges

William S. ComanorProfessor

Department of Economics

University of California-Santa Barbara

Lewis A. Engman

Partner

Winston & Strawn

Thomas Q. Garvey, Ill

President

Garvey Associates, Inc.

Frederic Greenberg

Partner

EGS Partners

Robert B. Helms

Resident Scholar

American Enterprise Institute

Gene Kimmelman

Director of Government Affairs

AIDS Action Council

Jeffrey Levi

Consultant

Judy C. Lewent

Senior Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

Merck & Co. Inc.

George B. Rathmann

Chairman of the Board

ICOS

Jacob C. Stucki

Vice President for Pharmaceutical

Research (retired)

The Upjohn Compan y

Shyam Sunder

Professor of Management and Economics

Graduate School of Industrial

Administration

Carnegie-Mellon Universit y

W. Leigh Thompson

Executive Vice President

Eli Lilly & Co,

POLICY ISSUES IN THE PREVENTIONAND TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSISADVISORY PANELRobert P. Heaney, Chairman

John A. Creighton Professor

Creighton University

Steven R. Cummings

Research Director

Division of General Internal Medicine

University of California, College of

Medicine

Barbara L. Drinkwater

Research Physiologist

Department of Medicine

Pacific Medical Center

Deborah T. Gold

Assistant Professor of Medical Sociology

Center for Study of Aging & Human

Development

Duke University Medical Center

Susan L. Greenspan

Associate in Medicine

Gerontology Division

Beth Israel Hospital

Caren Marie Gundberg

Assistant Professor

Department of Orthopedics

Yale University School of Medicine

Sylvia Houghland

Associate Director

Laborator y for Clinical Computing

C. Conrad Johnston, Jr.

Director

Dlvision of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Indiana University School of Medicine

Shiriki K Kumanyika

Associate Professor of Nutritional

Epidemiology

College of Health and Human

Development

Pennsylvania State University

Edward 0. Lanphier, II

Executive Vice President

Commercial Development

Somotix Therapy Corp.

Donald R. Lee

Vice President

Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals, Inc

Robert Lindsay

Chief

Internal Medicine

Helen Hayes Hospital

Betsy Love

Program Manager

Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders

Providence Medical Center

Robert Marcus

Director

Aging Stud y Unit

VA Medical Center, Palo Alto

Lee Joseph Melton, Ill

Head, Section of Epidemiology

Department of Health Sciences Research

Mayo Clinic

Gregory Mil ler

V. P. Nutrition Research/Technical Services

National Dairy Council

Morris Notelovitz

President and Medical Director

Women’s Medical & Diagnostic Center and

Climacteric Clinic, Inc.

Page 49

William Arno Peck

Dean

Unversity of Washington School of

Medicine

Diana Petitti

Associate Professor

Deportment of Family and Community

Medicine

University of California, San Francisco

Neil M. Resnick

Chief, Geriatrics

Brigham & Women’s Hospital

Gideon A. Rodan

Executive Director

Department of Bane Biology

Merck, Sharp & Dohme Research

Mehrsheed Sinaki

Professor, Physical Medicine and Rehabili-

tation

Mayo Medical School

Milton C Weinsteln

Henry J. Kaiser Professor

Health Policy and Management

Harvard School of Public Health

PROSPECTS FOR HEALTH TECHNOLOGYASSESSMENT ADVISORY PANELWilliam Fullerton, Chair

Consultant

Peter Bouxsein

Consultant

Robert Brook

Deputy Director for Health Services

The RAND Corp.

Iain Chalmers

Director

The Cochrane Center

NHS R&D Program, United Kingdom

Harold Cohen

President

Harold Cohen, Inc

David Eddy

Professor of Health Polic y a n d

Management

Duke Universit y

Ruth Faden

Professor and Director

Program in Law, Ethics and Health

The School of Hygiene and Public Health

Johns Hopkins Universit y

Diana Jest

Executive Director for Legislative Policy

Blue Cross & Blue Shield Association

Robert Keller

Orthopedic Surgeon

Jonathan Lomas

Professor

Centre for Health Economics and

Policy Analysis

Department of Clinical

Epidemiology and Biostatics

McMaster University, Ontario

Michael McCulley

Assistant General Counsel

Johnson & Johnson

Barbara J. McNeil

Professor

Department of Radiology

Harvard Medical School

Brigham & Women’s Hospital

Frederick Mosteller

Director

Technolog y Assessment Program

Howard University, School of Public Health

Richard Peto

ICRF Reader In Cancer Studies

Clinical Trial Service Unit

Radcliffe Infirmary, UK

John Wennberg

Director

Center for Evaluative Clinical Sciences

TECHNOLOGY INSURANCE AND THEHEALTH CARE SYSTEM ADVISORY PANELJames C. Hunt, Chairman

Chancellor

Unlversity of Tennessee-Memphis

Henry Aaron

Director

Economics Studies Program

Brookings Institution

Robert Brook

Deputy Director for Health Services

The RAND Corp.

Arthur CapIan

Director

Center for Biomedical Ethics

Universtiy of Minnesota

Deborah Chollet

Associate Director

Center for Risk Management & Insurance

Research

Georgia State University

Olivia Cousins

Project Director, Off Ice of Academic Affairs

Borough of Manhattan

Community College

Jane L. Delgado

President & CEO

National Coalition of Hispanic Health &

Human

Services Organization

Paula K, Diehr

Professor, Department of Biostatistics

School of Public Health & Community

Medicine

University of Washington

M. Joycelyn Elders

Surgeon General

Public Health Service

U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services

Jack Hadley

Co-Director

Center for Health Policy Studies

Georgetown University

Douglas E. Henley

Physician

Will iam Hobson

Executive Director

Central Seattle Community Health Centers

John Lewin

Director of Health

State of Hawaii

Barbara J. McNeil

Professor

Department of Radiology

Harvard Medical School

David Mechanic

Rene Dubos Professor of Behavioral

Sciences

Director, Institute for Health, Health Care

Policy and Aging Research

Rutgers University

Joseph Morris

Vice President for Information

Delaware Valle y Hospital Council

Patricia Nazemetz

Director of Benefits

Xerox Corp.

David G. Pockell

Senior Vice President and Regional

Manager

Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc.

Kaiser Permanence

Carl Scott

Senior Vice President

Mutual of Omaha

Gordon Trapnell

President

Gordon R. Trapnell Actuaries

Cheryl B. Travis

Professor

Department of Psychology

University of Tennessee-Knoxville

Special Consultant

Stephen H. Long

Senior Economist

RAND Corp.

OTA DEFENSIVE MEDICINE WORKSHOP

DEVELOPING INDICATORS OF DEFENSIVE

MEDICINE USING HOSPITAL DISCHARGE

DATA ABSTRACTS

WORKSHOP ON ALTERNATIVE VISIONS FOR

USING EFFECTIVENESS, COST-

EFFECTIVENESS, AND APPROPRIATENESS

INFORMATION TO DESIGN HEALTH

BENEFITS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE

REFORM AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

WORKSHOP ON LINKING MEDICAL

EVIDENCE WITH CLINICAL PRACTICE:

PROGRESS AND BARRIERS

WORKSHOP FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

WORKSHOP ON PERSIAN GULF WAR

VETERANS’ HEALTH

WORKSHOP ON POLICY ISSUES IN THE

CONTROL OF TUBERCULOSIS

Oceans and Environment

Program

MANAGING NUCLEAR MATERIALS FROMWARHEADS ADVISORY PANELJohn E. Till, Chairman

President

Radiological Assessments Corp.

John F. Ahearne

Executive Director

Sigma Xi

The Scientific Research Societ y

Charles Barrett

Industrial Hygenist

Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers

International Union

Thomas A. Burke

Assistant Professor

Department of Health

Policy and Management

The Johns Hopkins Universit y School of

Hygiene and Public Health

Beverly E. C. Gattis

President

STAND of Amarillo, Inc

Sherri Wasserman Goodman

Lawyer

Goodwin, Procter & Hoar

Kenneth Lichtenstein

Physician

Division of Infectious Disease

Rose Medical Center

Robert R. Loux

Director

Nuclear Waste Project Office

State of Nevada

Daniel S. Miller

First Assistant Attorney General

Natural Resources Section

Colorado Office of Attorney General

John M. Napier

Environmental consultant

Techniques

Robert H. Neill

Director

Environmental Evaluation Group

State of New Mexico

Louis Peoples

Executive Vice President

Madison Gas & Electric Co

Page 51

Rozanne L. Ridgway

President

The Atlantic Council of the United States

Frank von Hippel

Professor

Woodrow Wilson School of Public &

International Affairs

Princeton University

James D. Werner

Senior Environmental Engineer

Natural Resources Defense Council

John M. Whitely

Professor

Social Ecology and Social Sciences

University of California—Irvine

SYSTEMS AT RISK FROM CLIMATECHANGE ADVISORY PANELHelen M. Ingram, Chairman

Director

Udall Studies in Public Policy

University of Arizona

Richard M. Adams

Professor of Resource Economics

Deportment of Agricultural

and Resource Economics

Oregon State University

Vera Alexander

Dean

School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences

University of Alaska

Michael J. Bean

Senior Attorney

Environmental Defense Fund

Margaret Adela Davidson

Executive Director

South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium

J. Clarence Davies

Executive Director

National Commission on the Environment

World Wildlife Fund

Boruch Fischhoff

Professor

Engineering and Public Policy

Carnegie Mellon University

Michael H. Glantz

Program Director

Environmental and Societal Impacts Group

National Center for Atmospheric Research

George Hoberg

Assistant Professor

Political Science Department

University of British Columbia

Henry D. Jacoby

Professor and Director

Joint Program on the Science and Policy

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Walter Jarck

Corporate Director

Forest Resources

Georgia Pacific Corp.

David N. Kennedy

Director

Department of Water Resources

State of California

Jon Kusler

Executive Director

Association of State Wetlands Managers

Doug Maclean

Associate Professor

Department of Philosophy

University of Maryland-Baltimore

Jerry Mahlman

Director

NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Lab

Princeton University

Barbara Miller

Senior Civil Engineer

Tennessee Valley Authority

Steve Peck

Director

Environmental Sciences Department

Electric Power Research Institute

Herman Shugart

W.W. Corcoran Professor of Environmental

Sciences

Department of Environmental Sciences

University of Virginia

Clark Hall

Phil Sisson

Director

Commodities and Economic

Analysis Division

Quaker Oats Corp,

Don Wilhite

Director

International Drought Information Center

University of Nebraska

Gary Yohe

Professor

Department of Economics

Wesleyan University

WORKSHOP ON SYSTEMS AT RISK FROM

CLIMATE CHANGE

WORKSHOP ON PLUTONIUM STORAGE

Office oftechnology

assessment act

#

Publ ic Law 92-484

92d Congress , H .R . 10243

October 13, 1972

An Act

To establish an Office of Technology

Assessment for the Congress as an aid in

the identification and consideration of

existing and probable impacts of techno-

logical application; to amend the National

Science Foundation Act of 1950; and for

other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of

Representatives of the United States of

America in Congress assembled, That this

Act may be cited as the “Technology

Assessment Act of 1972.”

FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONOF PURPOSESEC, 2. The Congress hereby finds and

declares that:

(a) As technology continues to change and

expand rapidly, its applications are—

1. large and growing in scale; and

2. increasingly extensive, pervasive,

and critical in their impact,

beneficial and adverse, on the

natural and social environment.

(b) Therefore, it is essential that, to the

fullest extent possible, the conse-

quences of technological applications

be anticipated, understood, and

considered in determination of public

policy on existing and emerging

national problems.

(c) The Congress further finds that:

1. the Federal agencies presently

responsible directly to the Congress

are not designed to provide the

legislative branch with adequate

and timely information, indepen-

dently developed, relating to the

potential impact of technological

applications, and

2. the present mechanisms of the

Congress do not and are not

designed to provide the legislative

branch with such information.

(d) Accordingly, it is necessary for the

Congress to-

1.

2.

equip itself with new and effective

means for securing competent,

unbiased information concerning

the physical, biological, economic,

social, and political effects of such

applications; and

utilize this information, whenever

appropriate, as one factor in the

legislative assessment of matters

pending before the Congress,

particularly in those instances where

the Federal Government may be

called upon to consider support for,

or management or regulation of,

technological applications.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE OFFICE OFTECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTSEC. 3. (a) In accordance with the findings

and declaration of purpose in section

2, there is hereby created the Office of

Technology Assessment (hereinafter

referred to as the “Office”) which shall

be within and responsible to the

legislative branch of the Government.

Page 53

(b) The Off Ice shell consist of o Technology

Assessment Board (hereinafter referred

to as the “Board”) which shall formulate

and promulgate the policies of the

Off Ice, and o Director who shall carry

out such pollicies and administer the

operations of the Off Ice.

(c) The basic function of the Off Ice shall

be to provide early indicotions of the

probable beneficial and adverse

impacts of the opplicatlons of

technolog y and to develop other

coordinate Information which may assist

the Congress In carrying out such

function, the Off Ice shall:

1 identify existing or probable Impacts

of technology or technological

programs;

2 where possible, ascertain cause

and -effect relatilonships;

3 Identify alternative technological

methods of Implementing specific

programs,

4 Identify alternative programs for

achievlng requisite goals;

5. make estimates and comparisons of

the Impacts of alternative methods

and programs;

6. present findings of completed

analyses to the appropriote

legislatlve outhorities,

7. Identify areas where additional

research or data Collection IS

required to provide adequate

support for the assessments and

estimates described In paragraph

(1) through (5) of this subsection;

and

8. under-take such additional

associated activities os the

appropriate authorities specified

under subsection (d) may direct

(d) Assessment activities undertaken by the

Office may be initiated upon the

request of

1 the chairman of any standing,

special, or select committee of

either House of the Congress, or of

any joint committee of the

Congress, acting for himself or at

the request of the ranking minority

member or a majority of the

committee members;

2. the Board; or

3. the Director, in consultation with the

Board

(e) Assessments mode by the Off Ice,

includlng information, surveys, studies,

reports, and findings related thereto,

shall be made available to the initiating

committee or other appropriate

committees of the Congress. In

addition, any such Information, surveys,

studies, reports, and findings produced

by the Office may be made available to

the public except where—

1. to do so would violate security

statutes; or

2. the Board considers it necessary or

advisable to withhold such

information in accordance with one

or more of the numbered para-

graphs in section 552(b) of title 5,

United States Code.

TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT BOARDSEC. 4. (o) The Board shell consist of

thirteen members as follows

1. SIX Members of the Senate,

oppointed by the President pro

tempore of the Senate, three from

the majority party and three from

the mlnority party;

2. SIX Members of the House of

Representatives appointed by the

Speaker of the House of Representa-

tives, three from the majority party

and three from the mInority party;

and

3. the Director, who shall not be a

voting member.

(b) Vacancies in the membership of the

Board shall not affect the power of the

remaining members to execute the

functions of the Board and shall be

filled in the same manner os in the case

of the original appointment

(c)

(d)

The Board shell select a chairman and

a vice chairmon from among its

members at the beginning of each

Congress, The vice chairmon shall act

in the place and stead of the chairman

in the absence of the chairman The

chairmanship and the vice chairman -

ship shallI alternate between the Senate

and the House of Representatives with

each Congress, The chairman during

each even-numbered Congress shell be

selected by the Members of the House

of Representatives on the Board from

among their number. The vice chairmen

during each Congress shall be chosen

in the same manner from that House of

Congress other than the House of

Congress of which the chairman IS a

Member.

The Board is authorlzed to sit and act at

such places and times during the

sessions, recesses, and adjourned

periods of Congress, and upon a vote

of a majority of its members, to require

by subpoena or otherwise the

attendance of such witnesses and the

production of such books, papers, and

documents, to administer such oaths

and affirmations, to take such

testimony, to procure such printing and

binding, and to make such expendi-

tures, as it deems advisable, The Board

may make such rules respecting its

organization and procedures as it

deems necessary, except that no

recommendation shell be reported from

the Board unless a majority of the

Board assent. Subpoenas may be

issued over the signature of the

chairman of the Board or of any voting

member designated by him or by the

Board, and may be served by such

person or persons as may be desig-

nated by such chairman or member

The chalrman of the Board or any

voting member thereof may administer

oaths or affirmations to witnesses,

DIRECTOR AND DEPUTY DIRECTORSEC. 5. (a) The Director of the Office of

Technology Assessment shall be

appointed by the Board and shall serve

for a term of six years unless sooner

removed by the Board. He shall receive

basic pay at the rate provided for level

Ill of the Executive Schedule under

section 5314 of title 5, United States

Code

(b) In addition to the powers and duties

vested in him by this Act, the Director

shall exercise such powers and duties

as may be delegated to him by the

Board.

(c) The Director may appoint with the

approval of the Board, a Deputy

Director who shall perform such

functions as the Director may prescribe

and who shall be Acting Director during

the absence or incapacity of the

Director or in the event of a vacancy in

the office of Director. The Deputy

Director shall receive basic pay at the

rate provided for level IV of the

Executive Schedule under section 5315

of title 5, United States Code,

(d) Neither the Director nor the Deputy

Director shell engage in any other

business, vocation, or employment than

that of serving as such Director or

Deput y Director, as the case may be;

nor shall the Director or Deputy

Director, except with the approval of the

Board, hold any office in, or act in any

capacity for, any organization, agency,

or institution with which the Office

makes any contract or other arrange-

ment under this Act.

AUTHORITY OF THE OFFICESEC. 6. (a) The Office shall have the

authority, within the limits of available

appropriations, to do all things

necessary to carry out the provisions of

this Act, including, but without being

Iimited to, the authority to-

1

2

3

4

5

6

make full use of competent

personnel and organizations outside

the Office, public or private, and

form special ad hoc task forces or

make other arrangements when

appropriate;

enter into contracts or other

arrangements as may be necessary

for the conduct of the work of the

Office with any agency or

instrumentality of the United States,

with any State, territory, or

possession or any political

subdivision thereof, or with any

person, firm, association, corpora-

tion, or educational institution, with

or without reimbursement, without

performance or other bonds, and

without regard to section 3709 of

the Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 5);

make advance, progress, and other

payments which relate to technology

assessment without regard to the

provisions of section 3648 of the

Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 529);

accept and utilize the services of

voluntary and uncompensated

personnel necessary for the conduct

of the work of the Office and

provide transportation and

subsistence as authorized by section

5703 of title 5, United States Code,

for persons serving without

compensation;

acquire by purchase, lease, loan, or

gift, and hold and dispose of by

sale, lease, or loan, real and

personal property of all kinds

necessary for or resulting from the

exercise of authority granted by this

Act; and

prescribe such rules and regulations

as it deems necessary governing the

operation and organization of the

Office.

(b) Contractors and other parties entering

into contracts and other arrangements

under this section which involve costs to

the Government shall maintain such

books and related records as wiII

facilitate an effective audit in such

detail and in such manner as shall be

prescribed by the Office, and such

books and records (and related

documents and papers) shall be

available to the Off Ice and the

Comptroller General of the United

States, or any of their duly authorized

representatives, for the purpose of audit

and examination.

(c) The Office, in carrying out the

provisions of this Act, shall not, itself,

operate any Iaboratories, pilot plants,

or test facilities,

(d) The Office is authorized to secure

directly from any executive department

or agency information, suggestions,

estimates, statistics, and technical

assistance for the purpose of carrying

out its functions under this Act Each

such executive department or agency

shall furnish the Information, sugges-

tions, estimates, statistics, and technical

assistance directly to the Office upon its

request.

(e) On request of the Office, the head of

any executive department or agency

may detail, with or without reimburse-

ment, any of its personnel to assist the

Office in carrying out its functions

under this Act.

(f) The Director shall, in accordance with

such policies as the Board shall

prescribe, appoint and fix the

compensation of such personnel as

may be necessary to carry out the

provisions of this Act

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGYASSESSMENT ADVISORY COUNCILSEC 7 (a) The Off Ice shall establish a

Technolog y Assessment Advisory

Council (hereinafter referred to as the

“Council”) The Council shall be

composed of the following twelve

members

1 ten members from the public, to be

appointed by the Board, who shall

be persons eminent in one or more

fields of the physical, biological, or

social sciences or engineering or

experienced in the administration of

technological activities, or who may

be judged qualified on the basis of

contributions made to educational

or public activities;

2 the Comptroller General; and

3 the Director of the Congressional

Research Service of the Library of

Congress

(b) The Council, upon request by the

Board, shall--

1 review and make recommendations

to the Board on activities under-

taken by the Office or on the

initiation thereof in accordance with

section 3(d);

2 review and make recommendations

to the Board on the filndings of any

assessrnent made by or for the

Off Ice, and

3 undertake such additional related

tasks as the Board may direct

(c) The Council, by majority vote, shall

elect from its members appointed under

subsection (a) ( 1 ) of this section a

Chairmon and a Vice Chairman, who

shall serve for such time and under

such conditions as the Council may

prescribe In the absence of the

Chairrnan, or in the event of his

incapacity, the Vice Chairman shall act

as Chairman

(d) The term of office of each member of

the Council appointed under subsection

(a)(1) shall be four years except that any

such member appointed to fill a

vacanc y occurring prior to the

expiration of the term for which his

predecessor was appointed shall be

appointed far the remainder of such

term. No person shall be appointed a

member of the Council under

subsection (a) ( 1 ) more than twice. Terms

of the members appointed under

subsection (a)( 1 ) shall be staggered so

as to establish a rotating membership

according to such method as the Board

may devise.

(e) 1. The members of the Council other

than those appointed under

subsection (a)( 1 ) shall receive no

pay for their services as members of

the Council, but shall be allowed

necessary travel expenses (or, in the

alternative, mileage for use of

privately owned vehicles and per

diem in lieu of subsistence at not to

exceed the rate prescribed in

sections 5702 and 5704 of title 5,

United States Code), and other

necessaryV expenses incurred by

them in the performance of duties

vested in the Council, without

regard to the provisions of

subchapter 1 of chapter 57 and

section 5731 of title 5, United

States Code, and regulations

promulgated thereunder.

(2) The members of the Council

appointed under subsection (a)(l)

shall receive compensation for each

day engaged in the actual

performance of duties vested in the

Council at rates of pay not in excess

of the daily equivalent of the highest

rate of basic pay set forth in the

General Schedule of section

5332(a) of title 5, United States

Code, and in addition shall be

reimbursed far travel, subsistence,

and other necessary expenses in the

manner provided for other members

of the Council under paragraph ( 1 )

of this subsection.

UTILIZATION OF THE LIBRARY OFCONGRESSSEC. 8. (a) To carry out the objectives of

this Act, the Librarian of Congress IS

authorized to make available to the

Off Ice such services and assistance of

the Congressional Research Service as

m ay be appropriate and feasible.

(b) Such services and assistance made

available to the Off Ice shall include,

but not be limited to, all of the services

and assistance which the Congressional

Research Service is otherwise authorized

to provide to the Congress.

(c) Nothing in this section shall alter or

modify any services or responsiblities,

other than those performed for the

Off Ice, which the Congressional

Research Service under law performs for

or an behalf of the Congress. The

Librarian is, however, authorized to

establish within the Cangressional

Research Service such additional

divisions, groups, or other organiza-

tional entities as may be necessary to

carry out the purpose of this Act

(d) Services and assistance made available

to the Office by the Congressional

Research Service in accordance with

this section may be provided with or

without reimbursement from funds of

the Off Ice, as agreed upon by the

Board and the Librarian of Congress.

UTILIZATION OF THE GENERALACCOUNTING OFFICESEC, 9. (a) Financial and administrative

(b)

(c)

(d)

services (Including those related to

budgeting, accounting, financial

reporting, personnel, and procurement)

and such other services as may be

appropriate shall be provided the

Office by the General Accounting

Office.

Such services and assistance to the

Office shall include, but not be limited

to, all of the services and assistance

which the General Accounting Office is

otherwise authorized to provide to the

Congress.

Nothing in this section shall alter or

m o d i f y a ny services or responsibil it ies,

other than those performed for the

Office, which the General Accounting

Office under law performs for or on

behalf of the Congress.

Services and assistance made available

to the Office by the General Accounting

Off Ice in accordance with this section

may be provided with or without

reimbursement from funds of the

Office, as agreed upon by the Board

and the Comptroller General.

COORDINATION WITH THE NATIONALSCIENCE FOUNDATIONSEC 10. (a) The Office shall maintain a

continuing Iiaison with the National

Science Foundation with respect to-

1. grants and contracts formulated or

activated by the Foundation which

are for purposes of technology

assessment; and

2. the promotion of coordination in

areas of technology assessment,

and the avoidance of unnecessary

duplication or overlapping of

research activities in the develop-

ment of technology assessment

techniques and programs.

(b) Section 3(b) of the National Science

Foundation Act of 1950, as amended

(42 U.S.C. 1862(b)), is amended to

read as follows:

“(b) The Foundation is authorized to

initiate and support specific scientific

activities in connection with matters

relating to international cooperation,

national security, and the effects of

scientific applications upon society by

making contracts or other arrangements

(including grants, loans, and other

forms of assistance) for the conduct of

such activities, When initiated or

supported pursuant to requests made

by any other Federal department or

agency, including the Office of

Technology Assessment, such activities

shall be financed whenever feasible

from funds transferred to the Founda-

tion by the requesting official as

provided in section 14(g), and any such

activities shall be unclassified and shall

be identified by the Foundation as

being undertaken at the request of the

appropriate official. ”

ANNUAL REPORTSEC, 11, The Office shall submit to the

Congress an annual report which shall

include, but not be limited to, an

evaluation of technology assessment

techniques and identification, insofar as

m ay be feasible, of technological areas

and programs requiring future analysis,

Such report shall be submitted not later

than March 15 of each year.

APPROPRIATIONSSEC. 12. (a) To enable the Office to carry

out its powers and duties, there is

hereby authorized to be appropriated to

the Office, out of any money in the

Treasury not otherwise appropriated, not

to exceed $5,000,000 in the aggregate

for the two fiscal years ending June 30,

1973, and June 30, 1974, and

thereafter such sums as may be

necessary.

(b) Appropriations made pursuant to the

authority provided in subsection (a)

shall remain available for obligation,

for expenditure, or for obligation and

expenditure for such period or periods

as may be specified in the Act making

such appropriations,

Approved October 13, 1972.

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

HOUSE REPORTSNo. 92-469 (Comm. on Science and

Astronautics) and

No. 92-1436 (Comm. of Conference),

S E N A T E R E P O R T

No. 92-1123 (Comm. on Rules ond

Administration).

C O N G R E S S I O N A L R E C O R D ,

Vol. 118 (1 972):

Feb. 8, considered and passed House,

Sept. 14, considered and passed

Senate, amended.

Sept. 22, Senate agreed to conference

report.

Oct. 4, House agreed to conference

report.

Page 57

Technology Assessment Board of the 103d Congress

EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts, Chairman

DON SUNDQUIST, Tennessee, Vice Chairman

S E N A T E H O U S E

ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina GEORGE E. BROWN, JR., California

CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island

ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah

CHARLES E, GRASSLEY, Iowa

DAVE DURENBERGER, Minnesota

Technology

NEIL E. HARL, Chairman

JOHN D. DINGELL, Michigan

JIM McDERMOTT, Washington

AMO HOUGHTON, New Y o r k

MICHAEL G. OXLEY, Ohio

ROGER C, HERDMAN(Nonvoting)

Assessment Advisory Council

MAX L E N N O N

Charles F. CurtIss Distinguished Professor

Iowa State University

Ames, Iowa

JAMES C HUNT, Vice ChairmanDistinguished Professor, Health Sciences Center

University of Tennessee

Memphis, Tennessee

CHARLES A. BOWSHER

Comptroller General of the United States

Washington, D.C.

LEWIS M BRANSCOMB

Director, Science, Technology & Public

Polic y Program, Harvard University

Cambridge, Massachusetts

HERBERT (TED) DOAN

President (Ret.), The Dow Chemical Company

Midland, Michigan

JOSHUA LEDERBERG

Professor, Rockefeller University

New York, New York

President, Clemson University

Clemson, South Carolina

THOMAS J. PERKINS

General Partner

Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield, and Byers

San Francisco, California

CHASE N. PETERSON

President Emeritus and Professor

University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah

JOSEPH E. ROSS

Director, Congressional Research

The Library of Congress

Washington, DC

JOHN F.M. SIMS

Vice President, Marketing

Usibelli Coal Mine, Inc.

Fairbanks, Alaska

MARINA V N. WHITMAN

Professor, Institute of Public Policy

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

Service

Studies

.