RESTRICTED

ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1985

Ul Y, 1987

FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE 11700 GELUGOR, PENANG.

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (FISHERIES DIVISION)

ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1985

FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE

GLUGOR, PENANG

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

(FISHERIES DIVISION)

JULY, 1987

CON TEN T S

PAGE

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. Organization 2

1.2. Posts 2

1 0 3. Research Facilities 3

20 RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATIONS 3

2.10 Aquaculture Section 3

202. Resource Section 5

203. Aquatic Ecology Section 6

3. RESE~qCH PROGRESS AND RESULTS 7

3.10 AQUACULTURE SECTION 7

3.1.1. Penaeid spawning and propagation 7

301.20 Propagation of ikan siakap, Lates calcarifer 8

3.1.3. Culture of live food organisms 9

3.1.4. Culture and restocking of Macrobrachium rosenbergii 10

3.10 5. Biology and culture of the cockle (Anadara granosa) 11

3 0 106. Culture of Perna viridis 12

301070 Finfish/crustacean diseases 12

3010 8. Research/technical support of the sepat siam culture project at Paya Chong. 13

301 0 9. Research/technical support of prawn/ shrimp propagation at the pulau Sayak Hatchery 0 14

301010. Research/technical support of marine finfish/shrimp propagation at Tgo Demong Hatcheryo

3010110 Breeding of the major carps

3 0 1012. Breeding of catfishes (Po sutchi & comacrocephalus)

14

15

16

301013 0 Tilapia breeding and culture 17

3010140 Development of pond culture system 18

~o 1015 0 "vater quality and Limnological Study 19

3010160 Cage culture 20

3010170 Fish Nutrition 21

3010180 Fish disease 23

3.1019 0 Pond culture of penaeus monodon 24

3010200 Pond culture of Lates calcarifer & EpinePhClUs spo 24

3 0 1.210 Development of marine prawn! fish feeds 25

3 0 1,,220 Pond and vvater chemistry '26

3 0 2. RESOURCE SECTION

30201. Demersal fish survey off the East Coast of Peninsular

27

Malaysia (vertical long line)o 27

302020 Prawn resource survey on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia 27

302030 Studies on selected pelagic fisheries 29

302040 Monitoring and analysis of trawl landings in Peninsular Halaysia 31

3.2 0 5 0 Biological studies on demersal fish and prawns 38

302.60 Study on the economic feasibility of commercial trawling in Zone C in East Johore vlaters o 39

3 0 2.7 0 Studies on fishing gear 39

3 0 208. Research activities carried out by the Fisheries Research Institute Branch at Pulau Kambing,Terengganu 41

3 .. 3.

30 2090 Studies on mini-trawlers with engines below 30 H~Po

3.2.100 Studies on mini-prawn trawlers

3.2 0 11. 11anagement of trolling and line fishing

AQUATIC ECOLOGY SECTION

303.10 Artificial Reef Development

303.2. Ecology of Natural Reefs

3.3 030 Ecology of Hangroves

3.3 .. 4. Bacterial Contamination

3.3 0 5. Heavy Hetals Contamination

3.3.6 .. Pesticides/PCB's Contamination

3 .. 3 .. 7 0 vl1ater Quality

3.3 .. 8. Oil Pollution

3.3.9. Toxicology

. 40 illAINTENANCE AND DEPLOYl"lENT OF RESEA.t?CH VESSELS.

5.. PUBLICATIONS

6. NE;!.J STAFF/TRANSFERS/RESIGNATIONS ETC.

7 n VISITS/VISITORS

8. MEETINGS/S~1INARS/LECTURES/TRAINING.

45

45

46

47

47

48

49

51

52

53

53

54

55

56

58

60

62

64

FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE MALAYSL~

!,NNUJl.L REPORT t985

1. INTRODUCTION.

Several significant developments were realized during

the yearo In the ~ield 6f aquaculture, these include the success , in the breeding of the ikan siakap in captivity in the Department

of Fisheries, Coastal ~infish/Prawn Hatchery in Tanjung Demong,

Terengganu, where the Institute has a research component, and the

completion of the cockle project supported by the Bay of Bengal

Fisheries Proqramme. In fisheries resource assessment, surveys

were carried out by the Institute's research vessels (K.K.MERSUJI

and KoKoPELELING) while a survey of the fish stocks within the

Malaysian Exclusive Economic Zone was commenced in December 1985

using the FAO vessel R.V. RASTRELLIGER. In aquatic ecology and

pollution studies, existing artificial reefs were considerably

expanded, and under a UNEP Regional Seas Programme, 12 oil

dispersants were screened for their toxicity against fish.

In 1985, the cost of running the Institute, together with

its branches in Gelang Patah, Johor; Pulau Kambing, Terengganu and

Batu Berendam, Melaka amounted to $4,019,479.00. Development

expenditure for the year was $2,792,783.000

Both the operating and development allocations .for the

year were adequate and these enabled the various research projects

to be implemented very smoothly.

- 2 -

1.10 Organization

The Inst1tute, as shown in the organization chart

(Appendix 1), 1s dividied jnto 3 research sections, viz. Resource,

Aquatic ~cology and Aquaculture. The Resource Section consists of

the Demersal and Pelagic units and also a branch situated in pulau

Kambing, Kuala Terenqqam.1 o The Aquatic Scology Section has the

Conservation and Pollution Units, both of which are situated in

Glugor, Penang. 1'he llauaculture Section has the Mariculture Unit

situated in Glugor, Penang, and its freshwater research unit situated

in Batu Berendam, Melaka and the brackishwater research unit in Gelang

Patah, Johor. Apart from these, the Institute also maintains research

components in the Fisheries Department's Coastal Finfish/prawn

Hatcheries located in Tanjung Demong, Terengganu and Kampong Pulau

sayak in Kedah.

1.20 Posts

In 1985, the Institute had a total of 385 posts, the same

as in the previous year.

Director of Research

Resource section Head

Pelagic Unit Glugor

Pulau Kambing

Demersal Unit Glugor

Ecology Section Head

Pollution Unit

Conservation Unit

Aquaculture section Head

~1ariculture Unit

Freshwater unit

Brackishwater Unit

General Administration/ Technical section

1

1

10

28

43

1

1-~

34

1

48

122

41

36

385

- 3 -

1.3 0 Research Facilities.

The research vessels, K. K. "fJ!ERSUJIfI, K. K. "PSLALING" ,

K.K. "KF.RIIPU" and K.K. "JENl',HI',K" were based in Glugor, penang while

the vessel K.K. "1l·YA" was based in Pulml Kambing, Terengganu. The

vessels were sufficiently equipped to carry out the research and

field operations relating to fisheries resource assessment, aquaculture,

artificial reef consh'uction and moni toring, and marine pollution.

While shore-hased facilities were generallv adequate, t

the Penang Bridge and coastal road proje~t temporarily affected the

supply of sea water to the research hatchery at Glugor. On the other

hand the c()mpletion of large circular spawning tanks in the Tanjuhg

Demong Hatchery in Terengganu enabled the successful spawning bf the

giant sea perch to be achieved for the first time in ~alaysiao

2. RESEARCH AND llWESTIGJlTIOnS

The overall research programme is geared towards the

proper development and management of the fisheries sector (including

aquaculture), in line with the National Agriculture Policy.

The main research pt'ojects undertaken by the various

sections were as follows·

2.1. Aauaculture section (O~g Kah Sin)

II. Mariculture Unit, Glugor.

201.1. Penaeid spawning and propagation (Choo Poh Sze,

Rashidah Mat Resat, Ramli Saad);

201.2. Propagation of ikan siakap, Lates calcarifer (Ali

.lI.wang, Ona Kah Sin, Ramli Saad);

- 4 -

2.1 03. Culture of live food organisms (Rashidah Mat Resat,

Ali Awang, Ramli Saad, Choo Poh Sze);

201040 Culture and restocking of Mecrobrachium rosenbergii - -- -

Hambal Hanafi, Che utama Che Musa);

20105. Biology and culture of J\nadara granos a (Ng Fong Oon,

Faazaz "'. Latiff (Jan.-Sep.1985), Ki'lmal zaman t-1ohamed,

Devakie Nair, Ong Kah Sin);

2.1.6. Culture of Perna viridis (Mahdom Ibrahim, Choo Poh Sze);

2.107. Finfish/crustacean diseases (Devakie Nair, Hambal Hanafi,

Ali Awang, Choo Poh Sze);

2.1.8. Research/technical support of the sepat siam culture

project at Paya Chong, seberang Prai, Penang (Hambal

Hanaf i, Che utama Che ~1usa, Ong Kah Sin);

2.1.9 0 Research/technical support of prawn/shrimp propagation

at the pulau sayak Hatchery (Department of Fisheries)

(othman JVfuhamad, Faazaz"'. Latiff - from october 1985);

201.10. Research/technical support of finfish/shrimp propagation·

at the Tanjung Demong Hatchery (Department of Fisheries)

(saniah Yahava - Jan. - Octo; Munir Hi. Nawi - from

Nov. 1985);

B. Freshwat~r unit, Batu Berendam.

201.11. Breeding of the major carps - Mohd Zaini b. Sulaiman.

201.12. Breeding of catfishes (Pangasius sutchi & Clarias

macrocephelus) - Thalathiah bt. saidino

- 5 -

2. LB. Tilapia breeding and culture - Chuah Hean Penq.

2.1.14. Development of pond culture system - Ismail b. P,wang

Kechik.

2.1.15. T'later auality 8, limnological study - Zulkafli b. A.

Rashid, Jamaludin b. Ibrahim.

2.1.16. Cage culture - zulkafli Ao Rashid, Jamaludin b. Ibrahim.

2.1.17. Freshwater fish feeds - S. Patmasothy, tJ[aznah bt. othman.

201.18. Freshwater fish diseases - Siti ~ahreh bt. Abdullah,

nik Razali b. ]\;ik Lah.

C. Brackishwater Unit, Ge~ang Patah.

2.1.19. Pond culture of Penaeus monodon - Chuah Toh Thye,

Nafiah Md. Yasin.

2.1.20. Pond culture of Lates calcarifer ~ Epinephelus sp. -

Ramli Khamis, I\zmi A. Rahman.

2.1.210 Development of marine prawn/fish feeds - Ismail b. f..Hassan.

2.1.22. Pond and water chemistry - Rosly Hassan.

2.2. Resource Section (V. selvarajah)

2.2."). Demersal fish SU,:'vey off the 8ast Coast of Peninsular

Malaysia (Jlhmad Jldnan Nuruddin, Lui Yean Pong);

20202. Pra~m resource survey off the East Coast of Peninsular

}'ialaysia (Mohd Tuupek b. Mohd Nusir, Lui Yean Pong,

Ibrahim b. Johari);

2.2.3. Studies on selected pelagic species (Chee Phaik Ean,

Mansor b. Mat 1sa);

2.2.4. Monitoring and analysis of trawl landings in Peninsular

~!alaysia (Mahyam bt. Mohd Isa, Abu Talib b. Ahmad);

- 6 -

2.2.5. Biological studies on demersal fish and prawns (Abu

Talib b. Ahmad, Alias b. ~an);

2.2 0 6. study on the economic: fei1sibility of commercial trawling

in Zone C in east Johore waters (Alias be Man, Lui Yean

Pong, Sayed Sahabuddin b. Sayed Alwi);

2.2.7. Studies on fishing qear (~1ohd Akhir b. Arshad, Rosidi bo

Ali, Sayed Sahabuddin b. Sayed Alwi);

2.2.8. Research activities carried out by the Jnstitute's

Branch at Pulau Kambinq, Terengqanu (Abdul Hamid b. Yasin,

Kamaruddin b. Ibrahim);

2.2 090 Studies on mini-trawlers with engines below 30 HoP

(Azman b. Said);

2.2010. Studies on mini-prawn trawlers.

2.2.11. Management of trolling and line fishing (Abdul Hamid

b. Yasin);

2.3. Aquatic Ecology section (A."'-. Jothy)

,l1. 0 Conservation unit.

2.3.1. Development of artificial reefs (l\1ong Pai Hung, Abdul

Razak Latun, l1..A. Jothy);

2.3.2. study of the ecolooy of coral reefs (wong Fai Hung);

203.3. study 6f the ecology of mangroves (Sukarno T"ragiman,

~ohd Kushairi b. Mohd Rajuddin);

- 7 -

B. Pollution Unit

2.3 0 4. ~'10nitorinq bacterial contamination in water and

shellfish (Ismail b. Ishak);

2.3.5 0 Monitoring heavy metals contamination in fish and

shellfish (Shahunthala Devi,"'."'_ Jothy);

2,3 0 60 Monitoring pesticides/PCB's contamination in fish

and shellfish (Rodiah Idris, A.Ao Jothy);

2.3 0 7. Monitoring water quality in rivers and coastal areas

(liong pit Chong);

203.8. Monitoring oil pollution in coastal waters (Liong pit

Chong) ;

2.309 0 Toxicological Bioassay of oil dispersants (Rohani

Ibrahim, A.'" 0 Jothy).

3. RESEARCH PROGRESS AND RESULTS

3.10 AQUI\CULTURS SECTION

A. }\1ariculture Unit (Glugor)

3.1.1. Penaeid spa\~ing and propagation.

Seawater pumped in from the temporary intake was found

to be not suitable for the spawning of gravid females of

Penaeus monodon and Penaeus merguiensis as well as for the

hatching of the eggs, although suitable for their larviculture

and all other hatchery activities. Experiments were carried

o~~~~1ng the disodium salt of EDTA (5 ppm) to add to the sea­

water before use, and it was found that with this treatment,

" the' seawater was rendered suitable also for penaeid spawning

and egg hatching. As it was not necessary to add the EDTA to

- 8 -

the seawater taken from the end of the Marine Police Jetty

(near the site of the new pumphouse), it was likely that

the seawater taken from the temporary pump intake was con~a-

minated by the landfill in the vicinity being carried out by t

the Penanq Bridge Project.

Penaeid postlarvae produced as a by-product of the

experiments amounted to 1 0 6 million, out of which 782,000

were P. merguiensis and 830,000 P. monodono The postlarvae - -- -

were mostly supplied to the Brackishwater Station at Gelang

Patah for experimental pond culture while a small amount

(1,000 £. monodon) was supplied to the Universiti Sains

Malaysia.

During the year, the project team also conducted 3

training courses on shrimp hatchery techniques, as arranged

by the Pxtension Branch of the Department of Fisheries.

3.102. Propaqation of ikan siakap, L~tes calcarifer

Several trips were made to catch wild spawners of

Lates calcarifer from the coastal waters of penang, part i-

cularly off Teluk Air Tawar. However, only 2 trips were

successful in collecting both mature male and female fish,

and only the first of these 2 trips yielded viable eggs.

Of some 2 million f~rtilized eggs obtained from this trip,

80,000 hatchlings were obtained, from which approximatelY

20,000 were raised to stock6ble fry stage for various

experiments, including the development of suitable pellets

for raising fry to fingerling stage.

- C) -

A pellet feed based on the following composition

was prepared for feeding Lates fry of 3.0 - 3.5 cm in size:

(g/100g) (%)

Fish flesh 5704 49.7

Beef liver 20.0 17.3

Brewer's yeast 2,,4 2. -:1

l'lheat flour 3.3. 2.8

Rice bran 4.3 3.7

lllgenin 12.6 10.9

Vitamin mix 3.5

Cod liver oil 9.8

The pellets were prepared in a size range of 3 - 5 mm

and found to be quite easily accepted by the Lates fry. Further

work is in progre·ss to improve the feed for raising the fry

to fingerling stage.

While the collection of wild spawners during the yectr

did not yield as many spawners as expected, the artificial

propagation of Lates under controlled hatchery conditions

was achieved during the later part of the year, at the

nepartment's l'-1ari:1e Pinfish/Shrimp Hatchery situated in

Tanjung Demong, Terengqanuo l~Tith this, there will be an ample

supply of fertilized egqs and hatchlings of Lates for future

hatchery and nursery operations.

3 0 1.3. Culture of live food organisms.

Nitzchia SPa was isolated by the agar-plating technique

from the seawater supply to the hatchery and cultured using

the F/2 medium. Routine culture of various species, including

- 10 -

Chlorella virginica, Tetraselmis chui, Chaetoceros calcitrans,

mixed species of diatoms and also Branchionus plicatilis,

were carried out for hatchery useo

Artemia culture for preadult biomass was carried out in

2 ton rectangular FRP tanks at a density of 2,500 nauplii/

litre in mixed diatom water and fed with baker's yeast rangincr

from 14 - 20 gm per duy, while some others were cultured in

green water and fed with baker's yeast ranging from 12 - 70

qm per dayo The Artemia cultured in green water and fed with

baker's yeast gave the bes~ harvest of 725 gm of biomass after

14 days of culture.

3.1040 Culture and restocking of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Experiments were carried out mainly to develop a

recirculation system for the larviculture of udang galah,

and also to improve on the clear water larviculture technique.

Incorporation of a heater to the recirculation system to Htain-

tain optimum rearing temperatures considerably shortened the

production cycle, althou9h no Great improvement in survival

rate was noticedo Intensive scale larviculture experiments

using 0.5 ton FRP tanks gave survival rates of up to 4~t,

with a production rate of 38 juveniles/litre after a culture

period of 29 days. The larvae were fed with the minced flesh

of the bivalve, Elizi.~' orbiculata . ( 'lala' ) •

Juveniles of Macrobrachium rosenbergii produced as a

by product of the experiments during the year amounted to

570,0000 These juveniles were used for several purposes,

- 11 -

including broodstock development at the Jitra Fresqwater

Fish Breeding Station, experimental pond culture at the

Preshw0ter Research Station at Batu Berendam, pond culture

trials in fish farmer~' pond~ tinct also for the restocking

of Sungai Perai which wns later found to give favourable

returns, judoinq by the catches of the pra~~ fishermen in

the river Q II/hile several pond culture trials it' the past

have yielded very positive results, this was the first time

that udang galah juveniles have been used for the restocking

of a public water bodyo Tn view of the favourable results

obtained from this restocking which was first launshed in

1984~ an expanded restocking programme will be carried out

in futureo

3 0 105 0 Biology and culture of the cockle C!\nadara granosa)

Sxtensive field studies \..;ere carried out in several

localities to determine systematically the growth and servival

of the cockle under different environmental conditions o

During the year, the project also received assistance from the

Bay of Bengal Fisheries Proqramm~, under which short-term

foreign conSUltants also aided in the actual implementation

of the projecto

Length-freauency measurements of the cockle from the

various localities sampled were analysed using the ELEFAN

(I & II) programmes and the Whetheral ~~. methodo The

yield results indicate that maximum harvests would be obtained

within one year of culture, regar~less of the differences

in growth rate seen from one locality to anothero

- 12 -

~Jith regard to cockle l'lmturation, it was found that

the smallest cockle in whjch gonad development could be iden-

tified was 16 mT\'l jn size in the Perak region, and 18 mm in

size in the Penang region. Based on the growth data, all

cockles would exceed this size range wihtin one year of growth.

Induced spawning of the cockle was successfully carried

out during the year, using the heat and cold shock treatment

technique. About 3,000 cockle larvae were successfully raised

to the spat stage, with the total duration from time of ferti-

lization to spat taking 30 days. More work is required before

artificial propagation of the cockle can be carried out on a

hatchery scale.

3.1.6. Culture of Perna viridis

Preparations were made to transplant seed mussels from

Johore for culture in Penang waters and other areas. H9wever,

as cockle investiqations were given priority druing the year,

very little progress was made in the mussel project.

3.1.7 0 Finfish/crustacean diseases.

~ll the rearing experiments in the research hatchery

during the year did not encounter any discernible, serious

discase problem, although considerable improvements need to

be made in the monitoring of possible pathogens in the rearing

system. The usage of tonnic acid at 4 ppm in the culture

volume and/or weekly flushing with formalin at about 200

ppm were carried out in the larviculture of udang galah as

a prophylaxis. For udang laut and siakap larviculture, no

prophylactic treatment was given.

- 1.3 -

The diseased kerapu fish from the LKD~ caqe culture

project in Pulau Lanqkawi ~~refound to have whitish yellow

pustules on the bodyo pS~tldo~ bacteri a were found in hiqh

numbers in the fish samples and the culture water. It was

suggested that the diseased fish be removed from the cages and

be treated with formiJlin or iJcriflavin. Diseased fish were

also encountered in a cage culture project in Pantai Merdeka,

where the fish were found to have fin rot, bulging «yes, swollen

abdominal cavity etc. 1\5 the floating cages used for raising

the fish were found to be clogged with various fouling organisms 7

it is likely that the occurrenCe of fish diseases is due to the

poor management of the cage, at least in most of the cases

investigated •

3.1080 Research!techniciJl support of the

sepat siam culture project at Paya Chong.

Based on the main parameters of the water supply avai-

lable, the abandoned paddy fj.ld site at Paya Chong was found

to be suitable for the culturq,. of sepat siam (Trichogaster

pectoralis). Technical specifications on the pond preparation

and operation were drawn up based on relevant literatUt"e from

Thailand. However, because of the land bwnership problem and

the inadequate height difference between the supply canal and

the pond site, optimum depth and extent of pond water could not

be obtained. Pfter poisoning with Thiodan (with a final concen-

tration of approximately 001 ppm), liming and also fertilizing

with chicken manure, the pond covering an area of 25 ha was

stocked with 23,032 broodfish and 74240 fry, ~uring the period

- 14 -

August - November 1985 0 1~1hile the physiCo-chemical conditions

of the area appear suitable for sepat siam, the observations to-

date indiCate that the problem of predation by otters as well

as by the snakehead (Channa striatus) may be quite seriouso

3 0 1 09 0 Research/technical support of prawn/ shrimp propaaation nt the pulau Sayak Hatchery.

The research component nt the Pulau Sayak Hatchery

provided technicnl support in the various hntchery operations

which have been based on French (AOUACOP/IFREMER) technology 0

Juvenile productions for both udnng galah and udang hnrimau

have met the targets seto However further resenrch and

development work is necessary to produce the udang hnrimau

brood stock from captive prawns (instead of depending on adults

from the wild), and possibly nlso to keep the application of

nntibiotics to the required minimum, and to reduce the dependence

on imported larval feeds (such as ACAL and Artemia).

3b 1 .10o Research/technical support of marine finfish/ shrimp propagation at Tqo Demong,Hatcheryo

During the early part of the year, the larviculture of

both uda~g qalah and udang laut was carried out, with the

research compone~t mainly involved in carrying out the induced

spawning of Penaeus monodon, however only with limited success o

During the second half of the year, the Hatchery's

programme was concentrated on the propagation of the siakap

(Lates calcarifer). The first spawning - in the form of natural

spa~ing under controlled environment - was achieved on 21 July

1985 and since" then several. millions of siakap hatchlings have

been obtained, with surplus for sale to hatchery operatcbrs and

also for restocking of coastal waters.

- "'5 -

B. Freshwater Unit.

3.1.11. Breeding of the maior carps.

A total of 43 bighead carp were subiected to induced

spawning with a success rate of 9001. The hiqh rate of success

confirmed that the adopted sequence of injections, 250 IU HCG/

kg of body weight, followed by 4 - 6 mg of HCG/kg was effective.

For grass carp, various combinations of injections were

still being experimented upon. The followinq two sequences

proved to be more effective:-

(i) 250 TU HCG/kg + 1 mg PG/kg followed by 4 mg PG/hours

later.

(ii) 10 ug LRH-P,fkg + 1 mg PG/kg followed by 4 mg PG kg/

hours later.

In addition to the above, Catla catla was also success-

fully bred for the first time in Batu Berendam. Two injections

of PG, at the rate of 3 mq/kg, followed by 4 mg/kg of the body

weight 6 hours later proved to be sufficient for the purposeo

A total of 47,400 bighead fry, 17,500 grass carp fry and 1,500

catla fry were-supplied for culture as well as for research.

As the quality of brood stock is important in deciding

the success of an induced spawning, considerable time and

attention were given to the selection and maintenance of

brood stock.

- 16 _

3.1.12. Breeding of cutfishes (P. sutchi 8, C. macrocephalus) - -,-- - ----_._' ----The use of LRH-TI. alone in the induced spawning of

Patin Cpengasius sutchi) prqvedto be unsuccessful. Positive

results were only obtained by combining LRH-A with homoplastic

pituitary extract (HPE). The following sequences of injections

are effective:-

i) A stimulatory injection of 1 dose ffi'E + 10 ug LRH-A/kg,

followed by 1.5 dose ;IPE + 30 ug LRH-A/kg eight hour later;

ii) A stimulatory injection of 1 dose HPE + 10 ug LRH-A/kg

fvllowed by 2 dose HPS + 20 ug LRH-A/kg eight hours latero

f'l total of 39 females Patin were induced to spawn.

Fecundity ranged from 492,000 to 864,000 per female. At

hatchery level more than 500,000 fry 1.-Tere produced. However

the survival rate at nnrsery level was low Qfid ranged from

o to 6~. A total of 9700 finqerlings were used for research

and also distributed to farmers in Melaka and Negeri Sembilan.

u~diluted Patin semttn stored at '0- 20C for up to 20

hours, was found to be viable. Prolonged storage (44 hours)

however resulted in lmller hatching rate of the fertili·zed eggs.

Finely qround cockle meat proved to be a suitable feed

for Patin hatchlings and can be used to replace newly hatched

artemia larvae. However excessive use may lead to poor water

quality and the left-overs need to be siphoned outo Another

observations is that cannibalism among the hatchlings could

be reduced if the water is slightly brackish (3 - 6 ppt.).

- 17 _

For Clarias ~~oceph~lus, it was observed that the

percentage hatchl~as for natural and artificia~ oviposition

were comparable.,

3"1.13,, Tilapia breeding and ,culture"

There was a constant lockout for good red tilapia stocks

which could be used for genetic selection for colour and body

weight 0 A Thai stock is presently being worked ono I\.s it is

an altogether new stock, it may be adventageous to first allow

it to breed freely for four to five generations in order to

increase population fitness ~efore selection work is done"

However, some preliminary work was conducted and the results

showed that the genetic variation for the Thai stock was

better than that of the Taiwanese stock that was previously

obtained in 1983 0 This indicated that a better response to '

body weight (the trait that was studied) selection may be

expe~ted from the Thai stocko Not much has been done in terms

of growth rate selection because of the erratic supply of feed

materials and typeso This upset the flow of the experiment

leaving the results valid only for other parameters which are

independent of growth rate.

An index for the selection of tilapia breeders is

being constructed to serve as a guide for the present research"

For til apia individuals of about 8 cm a good head length/standard

length ratio would be 0027; body depth/standard length would

be 0048; and body weight/standard length would be 8 0 8 g/cmo

..

- 18 _

It has been found that a running recirculated water

200 lltre cernent tank set-up works well with a mating system

of one male to ttree females. This system allmoJs easy stress­

free collection of fry. Each batch of fry may also be grown

in separate tanks up to the point wher~ selection for colour

and good body weight may be performed. Another advantage of

this system is that the fry become accustomed to the daily

feeding routine and can easily be fed when they are subse­

quently cultureed in cages in the reservoirs.

On the average, each red tilapia spawning gives about

560 fry. The range is from 169 to 1,092 for breeders of about

200 g in weight. The standard deviation is 4140

3.1.14. Development of pond culture system.

Polyculture of fish and udang galah was carried out

on four ponds. ~he stocking density of 7850 fish fry/ha

comprisina b~ghead carp (500), grass carp (600), Lamparn Jawa

(1 ,750), Patin (2,500), red tilapia (2,500) and 20,000 udanlJ

galah juv~niles/ha was adopted. with the exception of Napier

grass for grass carp no supplementary feeding was given for

all the 4 ponds. Poultry manure at the rate of 42.5 kg/ha/day

was applied to two ponds.

After 6 mC'nths production figures were 4050· kg (including

890 kg of prawn) and 4300 kg (including 1030 kg of prawn) per

ha for ponds receiving poultry manure. For ponds without

poultry manuring the respective fiqures were 2020 kg (including

2FO Rg. of prawn) and 2390 kg (including 550 kg of prawn) per hao

- 19 -

Compared with previous experiments of goat and cattle

manure, it could be co~cluded that poultry manuring provided

the best results for the polyculture systemso

Honoculture trials of u~ang galah and Patin fed with

24% CoPo pellet diet produced rather poor growthQ The shortage

and irregular supply of feed was believed to be the main cause o

The fish and prawn were often starved for long periods and at

one time for almost two months due to the non-availability of

feed" For udang galah the use of newly metamorphosed post­

larvae which had not been fully acclimatised to freshwater was

believed to be an added factoro The pellet used may also lack

the water stability required for prawn feed"

30 1 "15,, water quality and Limnological studyo

I~later samples were collected from three points near the

in-take pump of sungai Melaka and analysed for their quality

on a weekly basis" Dissolved oxygen levels were found to .ary

widely and ranged from 6 0 23 mg/l to 0.6 mg/l with 14% of the

readings below 200 mg/l" The low oxygen content, which is a

sign of organiC pollution was not a serious problem by itself,

as the waters had to go through a series of pumping process

and were hence Qxygenated before being channelled into the ponds"

pH values ,~re ~enerally satisfactory except during the rainy

season towards the later part of the year when the values dropped

to slightly below 6.0" The slight acidity could be overcome by

liming" A_mmonia levels were however relatively high wj th 72%

and 12% of the readinqs found to be above 100 and 2.0 mg/l res-

- 20 -

respectively. Based on the low dissolved oxygen and high

ammonia levels, the river water could be described as moderately

polluted. So far however the culture operation has not been

adversely affected by the water quality. This however cannot

be said for the future if the declining trend in water quality

is not checked.

studies on physical and chemical parameters of Tasek

Chenderoh indicated the suefaceJ·"~r of the water generally

had high oxygen levels. Th~ bulk 9f the pH readings was found

to be beb.reen 6.0 to 7.0. other parameters examined also

indicated that the wnter as clean and relatively free from

pollution. Tasek Chenderoh could henc'e 1:~ considered suitable

for inland fisheries development. Cage culture of fish has

actually been initiated on a small scaJe and no major technical

constraint is forseen.

It is felt that the success and further development of

the industry would depend more on the social-economic rather

than the technical factors. Stocking of selected species of f

fish is another area which could be attempted. Fol!ow-up study

will however be needed to ascertain its usefulness.

3.1016. Cage culture.

The growth rate of Patin in cages with different feeding

frequencies was examined. lIS control, two caqes of Patin ,.rere

given 30/ body weight feeding once a day. Another two cages of"

fish were given two feedings of 1. ')ot body weight per day. The

- 21 -

total amount of feed given was hence the same in bQth

cases. After 2 months fish given two feedings showed

significantly higher growth in one cage, gaining 63 g

body weight/month, but the other three cages showed

similar gain of just over 44 g/month. Hence factors

other than the frequency of feeding were involved and

no definite conclusion could be drawn.

In another experiment red til apia in cages ,.rere

given feeding at 3<;' and 6°/. body weiqht daily over a period

of 4 months. ~s expected, fish fed 60/ body weight qrew

faster, gaining 62 g/month, as compared to those fed only 3w

body weight, qaining only 52 g/montho However the higher gr01Nth

was accompanied by an increase in feed conversion ratio,

implying that at higher feeding rate the feed was not so

effiCiently utilised.

< <-

In cage culture of bighead carp without feeding, it was

observed that fish close to tilapia cages which received feed,

showed better growth, 810 g over a period of 8 months, as

compared to fish further away, which grew only 560 g over the

same period. The greater productivity of the water in tilapia

cages, either as a result of fertilizing effect of the un-

consumed feed or that of the excretory products of the fish,

is believed to be the cause.

It was estoblisherj in both tank and pond trials that

Patin fed with a 32<:1 crude protein pellet provided the best

qrowth rateo Fish fed with chicken viscera also recorded

- 22 -

good growth. However they had a very large amount of

mesentric fat which might be undesirable from consumers'

view poinL "24°/ crude protein diet 1,>,as found to be

Illuch inferior.

In another experiment, different combination of fish

meal, soyabeen, coprd cake, rice bran and maize v~re used

to provjde a 320/ crude prqtein diet for Oreochr0f!li-_~ ni1oticu~.

in tanks. It ill1aS observed that combination of fish meal,

maize and rice bran qnve the best groNth rate after a tost per

period of 6 weeks. Combination of soyabean,. maize and rice

bran, all plant ingredients, gave lo~r but significant growth,

indicating that fish meal was essential for good growth and

should not be totally replaced. Large amounts of copra cake

(over 3~k) proved to be undesirable o

For udang galah it was discovered in tank trial that

feed containing small amount (2%) of clay provided the best

growth. It is likely that clay, usually found in the stomach

of prawn cultured in ponds, helps in the digestion of feed.

In another experiment with Oreochromis niloticus

fingerlings, the fish IAlere given 2';1, 4%, 6% and 8% body

weight feeding daily. The growth was observed to increase

with the amount of feed given. The experiment will be

repeated to determine whether higher feeding rate will be

of any benefit.

- 23 -

Intensive culture of 'T'ilapia was curried out at both

tunk und pond levels for disease studye Examinations were samples

mude on the gills, skins nnd the vurious/for ectoparusites on

a monthly busiso The protozoun, ~chodinu SPa and mon~genetic

tremutodes, ~~svlogyrus spo and Gyrodastylus spo were found

to be prodominanto Ho~~ver when a fish was heavily infested

with Trichodina SPa the nUIT'.ber of monogenes separated was reduced,

and vice versao Other ectoparusites such as ~odinella Spa,

Verticella sp. and Cos.!ia spo as 11-Jell as copepods, Lemea and

I\rgulus were insignjficant.

The monoqenes were also found to be site-specific and

were isolated from the gill s only 0 Tilapia cultured in tanks

were found to be more susceptible to parusitic infestati.n,

muinly with Triehodina SPa

~side the study 0' ectoparusites on Tilapiu, gruss curp

cuI ture in cuges· w@re also sumpled fortnightly for bucteriu .:.. "

isolation o In uddition to skin lesions, isolation of bucteriu

Wus ulso attempted from orguns such uS kidney, liver und the

gills. Pseudomonas sp., Pasteurella sp., ~eromonas SPa and

Eikinellu corrodens were the most commo~ly encountered species.

Fluvobucterium Spa and Vibrio spo were ulso observed to u

lesser degreeo These species ure however commonly found in

wuter und soil and muy not be pathogenic to fish.

Among the various organs sampled, most bacteria were

isolated from the gillso Less species we~e obtained from

the kidneys and liverso From skin lesions only ~~~

hydrophila and Pasteurella spo were identified o

- 24 -

c. Brackishwater Unite

3.1.19. Pond culture of penaeus monodon.

The main activity "JUS the development of semi-intensive

culture, based on a stocking density of 10 - 15 postlarvae per

square mater, with artificial feeding and some water by fish

action but no pond aeration with mechanical devices. Ponds

used for the experiments were in the size range of 0.2S, 0.5

and 1.0 hectare and the culture period was within 3 -4 months"

Tn these culture trials, preliminary comparisons were also

made bebJeen 3 different types of commercial pra1A;n feeds and

the feed made by the Centre.

From the 11 eul ture ··trials completed during the year,

the best production was 1.7 tonne per ha per crop, with a

survival rate of 83%; the average production was 0.92 tonne

per ha per crop, with a survival rate of 54%. One particular

commercial feed generally gave the best survival and production

figures although on 2 occasions, when phytoflagellata blooms

occurred, zero harvests 1Nere obtained oven though this parti­

cular feed was used.

Further work will be directed towards increasing pond

production levels through machnical aeration, and also wnter

exchanqe by pumpinqo

3.1.20. Pond culture of ~~ calcarifer & Epinephelus sp.

Experiments on the pond culture of coastal finfish were

mainly conducted on Lates calcarifer, using 5 ponds of 0.5 ha

- 25 -

each, and trash fish for feeding. At stocking densities

of 1 - 3 fish per meter square, the average production

obtained after u culture period of 8 - 10 months was just

in excess of 500 Icg/ha (710/- survivul), with the muximum

ubout 1000 kg/ha (94% survival). These yields are below

those obtained in Thailand where higher stocking densities

and also larger sized fry-fingerlings are used. Future

experiments will be conducted taking these factors into

consideration.

Preliminary tests 1"ere c2rried out on the possibility

of spawning the Lates which have been kept for 4 - 5 years

at Gelang Pntah. The completion of tank facilities at the

Centre will facilities this type of work in future.

O~e-culture trial on Epinephelus sp. was carried out

in a 0 0 15 ha pond, stocked with 470 fry. However, the survival

of 38% after u culture period of 10 months was considered

rather low On the whole, therefore, both Lates and Epinephelus

appear more suitable for cuge culture than for pond culture>

3 0 1.210 Development of murine prawn/fish feedso

fo prawn feed made by the Centre was compared with 3

commercial feeds, including 1 imported. Prawn growth rate

was found to be similar for the different feeds used, but

survival rate ar.d consequently the conversion ratio appeared

to be better for the imported feed 0 Further improvements need

to be made in the water stability as well as nutritional

quality of the feed made by the centre.

- 26 -

F~ the Ikan Siakap, a pelleted diet based on the

following composition was made:

Ingredients

Fish meal

Shrimp head meal

Soyabean meal

Corn meal

Rice bran

Tapioca

Vitamin mix

35.0

.-1..S.0

24.0

5.0

15 0 0

5.0

1.0

100.0

Initial observations showed satisfactory growth;

further work is in progress to evaluate this peflet for

reducing the amount of trash fish required for siakap culture.

3.1.22. Pond and water chemistryo

A.part from regular monitoring of pond water quality as

a basis for pond water management, attention was directed

towards sediment oxygen demand and use vf suitable fertilisers

to enhance natural food production in the brackishwater ponds

at Gelang Patah. Combinations of yarious fertilisers (such as

phosphoric acid + ammonium nitrate, and triple superphosphate

+ urea) were being tested, to determine appropriate application

of fertilisers for best production of plankton/natural food

organisms for prawn culture. Further work is in progress.

-27-

3.2. RESOURCE SECTION <

3.2.1. Demersal fish survey off the East Coast

of Peninsular ]\1alaysia (vertical long line).

The demersal fish survey using the vertical long line

was carried out with K.V. "r<ERSUJI" from 3.8.85 to 1.9 0 85 off

Terengganu and Pahang waters. The surveyed area is noted for

its untra,.,lnble nature and conseQUently the vertical long line

was used to monitor the demersal resource. in these grounds.

I1') all'40 stations were monitored but only 31 stations

were successful due mainly to rough weather. The depth ranQed

from 2S meters to 66 ~eters. The results of the survey showed

that only a few species of demersal fishes were taken bv the

vertical long line. Throughout the survey period only a total

of 348 fish including commercial and trash were caught with

the vertical long line. Of this total· commercial fishes

averaged 82.18%. Of this Tachysuridae (cat fish) amounted for

34.62% followed by serranidae (groupers, coral cads and Sea­

bass) 26o~loo As the vertical long line is a highly selective

gear the results showed that the inconclusive nature of the

survey.

3.2 .. 2. Prawn resource survey on the East Coast of Peninsular ~~alaysia 0

The above survey was also carried out by the Research

Officers from the section with the vessel K.K."PELALTNG". In

all a total of 104 hauls were made but of this total 13 hauls

were unsuccessful largely due to the presence of coral beds

particularly in Terengganu waters. An analysis of the catches

-28-

showed that prawn catches were ~ery low, while catches of squids

and commercial fish were higho Catches of penae:'d prawns aver­

aged 0,,014 kg/hr for the whole area o However prawn catches is

Johore Foast very highest averaging 0.048 kg/hr while no catches

of prawns were recorded in KelaDtan. Trash fish dominated the

'catches averaging 61.93 0/ for the \>lhole area, while l?abang.

recorded 77.18'" and ~Tohore Fast 46,,03"k individually. Commercial

fi sh catches I.oVere again lowest in pahang (16.790/,) and highest

in Bast ,Johore (L14. 909() •

A total of 7 species dominated the prawn catches during

the survey with Penaeu~ semiculcatus being the most dominant

species in the East of Peninsular Malaysia. One striking

feature of the 'prawn resources of the East Coast was the

presence of Penaeus longietylus, a species not found on the

TtJest Coast of Peninsular Malaysiao

It was also observed that the prawn resources of the

East Coast were much lower than that of the west Coast. It is

known that the catch rates of prawns r-re however higher during

the ~J"Eo monsoon period while the survey itself was undertaken

during the non-monsoon period.

The catch rates observed in 1985 with the catch rates

in 1983 showed no significant differences. The dominal"'t species

in 1983 NOS Metapenac:us affinis (350850/) while in 1985 it was

Penaeus semisulcatus (62.02%)0

- 29 -

In terms of composition of catch by weiqht, prawns

totalled less than 1~, while commercial fish accounted for

31.910/ 0 Trash fish averaged 63.93°/ for the whole of the

Sast Coast of Peninsular r--1alaysia" In terms of sub-areas,

the trash fish averaged 77.170/ in Pahang and 460030/ in East

Johore o Commercial fish again was highest in East Johore,

44.9"1, while it was lowest in Pahang, being only 16.790/.,.

3 9 2.3. Studies on selected pelagiC fisheries.

Data collection and sampling of pelagic fish were

continued at five centres along the l~,rest Coast of Peninsular

Halaysia. These centres were Kuala Perlis, KUala Kedah, Telok

Bahang, Pangkor and Sungai Besar in Selangor. Among the studies

undertaken were composition of landings, length frequency

measurements, gonad studies, morphometric studies and tagging

of Rastrelliger fish in Kedah/Perliso

a) Species composition of landings.

In Kuala pedis, Rast.r::.~,lli']er brachys)ma averaged 22.20/

roHol.'ed by ~. kanagurta which was 17.1% , Tamban 14. gol C::l:nd

Selavanq 10.~Lo The highest landings of ~. Brachysomawas

recorded in April •. "hUe that of R. kanagurta was in February 0

In Kuala Kedah, Rastrelliger brachysoma was again the

dominant pelagic species averaging 59.4'l~ for the whole year

followed by Ikan Cencaru which was 17.9%0

Rastrelliger brachysoma again dominated the catches by

purse-seiners based in Teluk Bahang averaging 24.8% followed

by Selayang 16.70/. and selar 13.9%0 The highest catches of

- 30 -

R. brachvsoma were recorded in February 474 kq/day while

Re kanagu~ was hiqhest in r·:arch averaging 253 kg/day.

Rastr~liq.~ !Jrachysoma arrain dominated the pelagic

catches in Pangkor averaqinq 40.70/ of the total landinqs

followed by ~. kanagurta 27.8w and ikan kayu 23.7%.

The highest catches of ~o ~rachyso~~ were recorded in

February averaginq 1924 kg/day while ~o kanagurta was also

dominant in the month of February with catches averaging

le74 kg/day.

For Sungai Besar, Selangor, rkan Cencaru was the

dominant species landed averaging 39.2% followed by

R. brachysoma 3306~o The highest catches of RQ brachysoma

was recorded in september averaging 670 kg/day.

b) Gonad maturity studies.

Gonad studies during the year showed that a hiqh

percentage of the females of R. brachvsoma landed in Kuala

Kedah were fully mature in the months of July, August and

October, while in Pangkor mature females ~~re mainly landed

in Ju1v, August and september. In Sunqai Besar however

more mature females were landed in December.

1111ith respect to maturity of genads of ~. kanagurta,

landed in Kuala perlis, more mature females were observed

in October and December while in Telok Bahang, mature

females were landed only in september.

- 31 -

c) Taging studies in Kedah/perliso

p. total of 547 kembong fish were tagged and relee.sed'in

Kedah/perlis waters during the yearo Only 2 tagged fish 1,'lere ..

recovered in Kuala Sanqlang waters on the 5th and 7th day

after the release.

3.204. Monitoring and analysis of trawl landings in Peninsular Malaysia.

The monitori.:g and analysis of trawl landings in Kuala

Kedah, Pantai Remis, J:ulal.l Panqkor and Batu Maung (Penang) :at

selecte~ landing sites werp again continued in 1985. The

collection of data was Jone monthly using the "random sampling"

and "direct recording" method. Data was collected on landings

of commerc:i.al fish and prawns including species composition.

Variations in species composition in landings by fish ano prawn

trawlers in Kuala Kedah were also recorded. In Pantai Remis,

variations in species of prawns landed by trawlers in the morning

as well as evening were observed, while in pangkor variations in

species of fish according to fishing ~~nes was noted.

The data on trawl landings at the various centres have

been analysed and are presented below in a ~ief ferm.

a) Kuala Kedah, Kedah.

;s in 1984, two randing centres were monitored in Kuala

Kedah, the LKn~ 1\~arketing Complex (for prawn landings) and

Syarikat CHING (for fish landings). Data on composition of

trash fish landings were obtained from a fish processing

establishmento

- 32 -

Due to the lnck of expertise, no dntn on species

composition and sex of squies tAlas undertaken o

i) Lnndings by Prnwn Trawlers - below 25 GRTc

Prawn trawlers of this category made daily trips and

trawled only during the night. On the nverage the vessels

trawled 3 times per night, with ench haul lasting 2~ to 3

hours 0

The analysis of the catches showed thnt females of

Penaeus monodon averaged 47°/ in the large-sized categcry

while the males of Pc monodon averaged 39% in the medium

sized prawns that "'Jere landed 0 ~,mong the medium sized prawns

that were landed, females of Hetapenaeus affinis avera qed

770/ in the landings while in the small sized category males

of No ,nffinis averaqed 50%0

Among the demersal fish that were landed by the prawn

trawlers were Cynoqlossus SPa (3SOj,), Huraenesox Spa (15%)

and Nemipterus japonicus (~h)o Pelngic fish that were lnnded

were ~~ugi1 saheili (25% of the pelagic fish landed) followed

by Rastrelliger brachysoma (16%) and Pampus argenteus (15%)0

The lnrge nnd medium sized squids that were landed were

mainly ~epia spo while the small sized squids were Sepiella

SPa and sepia sp •

. Among the species of crabs that were landed were

Portunnus pelaqicus (250/) of the total crQb landinqs and

the remainder being ketam merah o

- 33 -

Trash fish landingso

On the average juveniles of commercial fish amounted

to 5~k of the trash fish landed o In respect of species

composition Apogon spo was the dominant species in the true

trash, while Nemipterus japonicus and Saurida tumbil were

dominant in the juveniles of commercial fish.

ii) Landings by prawn trawlers 25 - 40 tons.

Boats of this category cauqht both prawns und fish, fish

during the day and prdlNns at niqht, with each trip lasting

4 - ') days. The tz:nwling WuS conducted in areas beyond

seven miles from shore up to LnDgkawi waters and the

Indonesian boundaryo On the aver~qe the vessels trawled

2 - 3 times per day and also 2 - 3 times in the night with

each haul lasting 3 - 4 hours.

The analysis of the catches showed that among the

larger prawns that. were landed penaeus semieulcatus was

most dominant, while in the medium size category, Metapenaeus

ensis was dominant o Among the small sized prawns the dominant

species was Solenccera subnuda. Like the trawlers of that

below 25 ton category females of M£tapenaeus lysianassa were

landed in large quantities averaging more than 6~ko

The demersal fish species lunded by these trawlers \.vere

mainly Cynoolossus spo and the main pelagic species being

Rastrelliger hrachysoma.

- 34 -

Trash fish landings.

The juveniles of commercial fish th~t,~re landed were

largely Jvemipterus sp., Leiognathus splendens and Upeneus

sulphureus. ]\Ton-edible trash was largely Apogon spo

iii) Landings by fish tri3wlers above 30 GT.

Roats of this cotegory fished only during the day and

made only daUy trips. They fished in an area at least 7

miles from shore making 2 - 3 hauls of 3 - 4 hours per haul.

Analysis of the catches showed that the demersal fish

catches averaged 59.7 kg/bont while pelagic fish eatches aver­

aged 214.0 kg/boat. Ikan kerisi averaged 1701 kg/boat followed

by ikan gelama 10.3 kg/boat. Among the pelagic species landed,

Rastrelliger brachysoma was dominant averaging 155.8 kg/boat

or 72% of the pelagic landings.

A.mong the squids that were landed, Lolligo sp. was most

dominant averaging 41.0 kg/boat or 140/ of the total landings

per trip. Among the crabs that were landed was Charybdis

cruciata (ketam merah)0

Trash fish accounted for almost 680/ of the total

landings averaging 408.67 kg/boat. Juveniles of commercial

fish that were landed I'llere larqely stoleph~rus sp., almost

24~ of the trash whilst Leigonathus bindus was dominant

among the non-edible trash (230/ of total) 0

- 35 -

b) pantai Remis, Perak.

The majority of the praWI._~s operating in

)Cantai Remis are below 25 GT and fish in waters beyond

3 miles from shore.. ··The boats operate daily and fish

either during the night or durinq the day. On the average

the boats make 3 hauls per trip lasting 2 to 3 hours per

hauL

Two landinq centres were ~onitored, these being Syarikat

BOON TEE for cutches landed in the morninq, and Syarikat

Kerjasama Nelayan Pantai Remis for catches landed in the

evening or at night.

No trash fis!' was monitored as all trash fish were

thrown over board by the operators, due to the absence of

processing establishments at panta! Remis.

Analysia of the landings showed that boats that landed

their catches in the morning averaged 32032 kg/boat while

boats that landed their catches at night averaged 41.16 kg/

boat. Commercial fish were very high in the landings during

the evenings while landings in the mornings were largely prawns

averaging 920/ of the catch.

c) pulau Pangkor, Perak.

Monitoring of landings in Pulau Pargkor was undertaken

on two categories of trawlers. These trawlers were those in

the 25 - 40 GT opera tina in Zone B and trawlers in the 40 -

69.9 GT operatinq in zone C.

· - 36 -

Both categories of trawlers operated during the day

only and landed the catches in the evening. Trawling was

carried out on a daily trip basis of 3 to 4 hauls per trip

and each haul lasting 2~ to 3 hourso

i) Fish trawlers between 25 - 40 BT (Fishing Zone B)o

The analysis of the trawl landings of this category

of vessels showed that on the average demersal fish

amounted to 135~96 kg/boat (490~k), pelagic fish 87039

kg/boat (32000/) and squids 35.53 kg/boat (13o~)o The

most dominant demersal species landed was Johnius aneus

(ikan gelama) averaging 22.53 kg/boat whilst in the pelagic

speCies, Rastrelliger brachysoma was most dominant averaging

28.75 kg/boat.. !I.mong the squids, I:olli"~ sp. was dominnnt

averaging 27.18 kg/boat or 760/ of the total SQUids caught.

Trash fish landings were aoain high with juveniles

of commercial fish averaging 259.04 kg/boat while non­

edible trash dmounted to 199.0d kg/boat. Among the

dominant species in the trash catch ~f/ere Upeneus sulphureus

(1~ of the commercial trash) and Leiogathus bindus (34.5%

of the non-edible trash).

ii) Fish trawlers between 40-69 0 9 GTCFishing zone C).

On the average the above category of trawlers landed

168.12 kg/boat of demersal fish (58.5%), 68048 kg/boat

of pelagic fish (23.8%), and 33.04 kg/boat of squids

(11.5%). The most dominant demersal species were again

- 37 -

Johnius aneus (ikan gelama) recording 104.05 kg/boat,

while Rastrelliger brachysom~ was also again dominant

in the pelagic species with 30.10 kg/boat.

In respect of trash fish juveniles of commercial

fish accounted for 271.02 kg/boat while non edible trash

allerage 116,,03 kg/boat. The dominant juveniles of

commercial fish was Trichiuru~ SPa (1706% of the total

trash) and the non-edible trash was largely Leioga.hu$

bindus which averaged 37.11 kg/boat or 3~! of the total

trash.

d) Batu r~aung ~ Penimg 0

Sampling of landings was confined to only prawn

trawlers between 25 - 39.9 GT ~hat lanrled their catch in

the mornings at the L¥IJVI Landing Complex at Batu J'vlaunq,

penang. The abGve category of trawlers, fish only in the

night and averaged 3 to 4 hauls per trip with each haul

lasting 3 - 1 hours. The trawling was carried out in an

area at least seven miles beyond the shoreo The analysis

of the landings shvwed that prawns averaged 25.99 kg/botl~~

demersal fish 65070 kg/boat, pelagiC fish 5 0 61 kg/boat and

squids 8.61 kg/boato The total landings per boat being

108 .. 30 kg.

The prawn landings consisted of 2 .. 42 kg of large

sized prawns, 13 0 78 kg of men:ium. sized and 9.77 kg of small

sized prawns 0 The dominant species in the .lcu.gQ sized prawns

was females of Penaeus semisulcatus which was "9 A"! of the

- 38 -

total landings of large prawns. Among the medium-sized pra

prawns, the dominant species was Metapenaeus ensis. The

small-sized pra~ms were dominated by females of Trachypenaeus

pescadov~e~is while in the B category the dominant species

wns femnles of rJletnp~~(1~ hnrbensiso

lilith respect to composition of demersal fish, the

dominant species landed was Saurida tumbil (ikan ubi) and

in the pelagic species, it was Rnstrelliger brachysoma.

Among the SQuids landed, sepin SPe (sotong katnk)

was dominant o With respect to crabs, Charybdis cruciata

(ketam merah) was dominant when compared to Por~.u:inus

pelagicuso

Trash fish averaged 98 0 51 kg/boat of which juveniles

of commercial fish was 39 0 87 kg/boat. The dominant species

of trash landed were Cynoglossus SPa and S~~~.~.~9~0

3 0 2 0 5. Biological studies on demersnl fish and prawns.

preliminary studies on tr,e biol.ogy of demersal fish

and prmo!ns were initiated in 1985. The d~8.al fish thnt were

studied were Nemipte~ japonicus (ikan kerisi), Johnius aneus

(ikan gelama), Cynoglossus linga~. (ikan lidah) and saurida tumbil

(ikan ubi). Biologicnl studies on prawns were on Penaeus monodon,

Po semisulcatus, ~. merguiensis and Metapenaeu~ ensiso

Preliminary observations on the above species of fish

and prawns have indicated that they are beinq over-exploitedo

- 39 -

3 0 2.6. study on the economic feasibility of commercial trawling in Zone C in Past Johore waters.

,~ study on the economic feasibility of commercial

trawling in ?,one C (~? miles from shore) was initiated in ~ast

Johore 0 The studies were conducted for a period of 6 I,reeks

with 3 commercial trawlers from Pndau, f'1ersinq.

The results showed that only two of the six areas

chosen for the studies IArere suitable for commercial trawling 0

These two areas were off Nenasir in Pahanq and off Sedili in

Johore. A full report on the study was prepared and submitted

to ~p in H0 Kuala Lumpur.

3.2.7. studies on fishing gear.

The studies initiated in 1984 were pgain continued

in 1985 with a view to'understiJnding the design, opet'ntioo and

selectivity of a number of gears. The selection of gears for

the studies were made through suggestions by the f'!cmagement

Unit at 4eadquarters in Kuala Lumpur.

Among the studies undertaken in 1985 ~~re:-

i) Use of the "BY-CIITCH EXCLUDER DF,VICP" (BED) with the

Prawn Trawl !\let.

ii) Economic feasibility of Commercial Trawling in the off­

shore areas of East Johore.

iii) Observations on the use of l"AYl\OtS'lnStIDah.

iv) preliminary studies on the use of the two-tiered trawl net.

- 40 -

a) Use of the ,IBy-Catch Bxcluder Device"

(BED) with the prawn Trawl Net.

The use of the By-Ca.tch Excluder Device with the

Prawn Trawl y..Tet was undertaken in 1984 by an FAO ElIlpE!rt,

En. Tatang Sujastani. The study was tepe8ted in 1985 to

obtain an lhdepth understanding on its USe for seper~tihg

the prawn catch from commercial fish and trash.

The studies indicated that the BED was in fact III

~f~tl{re as a by-catch excluder and also increased the

cost of operation for the trawler fishermen. A report on

the studies was submitted to HO on 4.6.19R5, ,LSulit Prk.ML.

(peny)0110.T.(79),.

b) Economic feasibility of commercial trawling in

the offshore areas of East Johore.

The study was undertaken in collaboration with IPM,

Batu Maung, Cawangan Perancang dan Pembangunan at HO, and

the state Fisheries Dept. of Johore. The objective of :the

trawling in Zone C (12 miles off-shore).

out of the six areas that were trawled only two indicated

some potential for commerCial traWling. However these ttorO

areas were also traditionally exploited with purse seiners.

The potential for commercial trawling off Pulau Tioman and

off Pulau "-ur was good but the commerci.al trawlers available

at the time of the study did not have the technical skills to

exploit the resources in these deeper waters.

- 41 -

c) Observations on the use of PAYAO's

in Sabah, East lVlalaysio.

The use of PAYAO's in Sabah for deep sea-fishing

was observed in october 1985 by a team of Fisheries staff

from HO, IPP and IPM with the assistance of two Syarlkat,

namely UDDIN'KELUARGA SDN. BHD. ~f Sabah, and RBL FISHING

CORPORATION from the Philippines. The use of two t¥pes of

payao'S were observed, Le. the PAYAQ BESI and the PAYAO

BULlm~ ~ report on the design, construction and use of the

Payao's was prepared and submitted by En. Johari bin Ramii

d) Preliminary studies on the use

of the two-tiered trawl neto

The use of the two-tiered trawl net to separate

prawns from commercial fis~ and trash was carried out in

November 1985 in Penang waters. preliminary observations

indicated that approximately 90% of the prawns were herdered

in the lower tier while young commercial fish were herdered

A report on the preliminary findings was submitted via

Prk.ML.(peny)0139.C/1/Bg.I.(9) dated 18.12.1985.

3.2.8. Research activities carried out by the Fisheries

Research Institute ~h~t .PUl$'·i(a~· Telrengganu.

The main function of the Fisheries Research

Institute Branch at Kuala Terengganu 1s to undertake pelagic

resource studies in the waters off the East Coast of peninsular

- 42 -

Malaysia, Sarawak and SabUho The studies are undertaken with

the aid of Hydroaccoustic instruments fitted to the research

vessel K.K."AYA". It W(}s most unfortunate that the vessel was

unsea~orthy t~roughout 1985 and spent a large part of the year

undergoing ~ajor repairs to its bull.

The East eoast branch also undertake6studies on

~andings and the biology of selected pelagic species, their

migration pattern, spawning seasons. feeding habits and other

relevant scientific information. The resource and biology or

prawns and squids are also undertaken. Studies on fishing gear

are also attempted from time to time when the need arises.

The following are brief highlights of the stUdies

carried out on the purse-seine; fishing which is an important

activjty in the fishing indUstry of the East Coast of Peninsular

Malaysia. It is largely operated at night with the aid of light

attraction. In Terengganu however, purse-seine fishing is also

carried out during the day_ Towards the south at Kuala sedili

in Johore,purse-seine fishing is carried out with the aid of

lures (tuas).

In Terengganu the purse-seine vessels can be categorised

mainly into two classes, ioe o those below 40 GT and those between

40 - 70 GT4 A few purse-seines above 10 GT are also operated in

Terengqanu but samplinq was confined to the below 40 GT and 40 -

70 GT vessels.

An analysis of the landings by vessels below 40 GT

based in Kuala Terengganu showed that the bulk of the catch was

- 43 -

pelagic fish with some demersal species being landed as well.

The results showed tha1 during January the catch was mainly

Rastrellige~ ~anagurta amounting to 56.70/0 of the total catch,

foll>owed by Selar hoops, 9.8"1- and Atule ~ 7.50(. Caranx spp.

amounted to' 13.70/-. In February, the dominant species was ~elar

crumenopthal~~ with very little of other species being landed.

In March~ Atule ~ accounted for 380/" of the landings followed

by Rastr~l.!~ger kanagurta 25,,40/- and selar boops 23.50/-. The

speciesMe9?1~sp.~ cordyla was most dominant in April totalling

2'.8% of the total landings while squids was also 27.00/. During

April landings of Decapterus maruadsi totalled 19 .. 00/,. In May,

the dominant species were Selar with Atule ~ totalling 37.2%,

Selar hoops 25.6% and Selar crumenopthalmus 16.3%.

In August the dominant species was Rastrelliger

kanagurta amounting to 43.9% and necapterus maruadsi 24.1%.

However in September, the species Decapterus maruadsi accounted

for 89 .. 8% of the total landings.. For october Megalaspis cordyla

totalled 61 .. 9% of the landings, followed by Decapterus maruada!

20.6% and Rastrelliger kanagurta 14.4% ..

Length frequency measurements of the pel~gic species

that were landed by the purse-seines below 40 GT showed that in

January, Rastrelliger kanagurt~ averaged 23.2 cm. in len~,

while in February it averaged 23.8 cm. The fish also reachedf

full gonad maturity during the month of February.. By April the

length measurements of B.. kanagurta averaged only 16.8 em.

Rastreillger faughni averaged 20.0 cm in January and 20.5 em

in April but was only 12.8 cm in March. Decapterus maruadsi

- 44 -

averaged 17.5 cm in February but was smaller in size durinq the

other months. Selar crumenopthalmus was largest in January

averaging 19 - 20 cm and smallest in December. Other pelagic

fish species did not show much difference in length size from

month to month.

During 1985, vessels of 40 - 70 GT size landed

several pelagic species throughout the year. These included

Rastrelliger kanagu~, Decapterus maruadsi, Selar crumenopthalmus,

Atule ~, Megalaspis cordyla and Thunnus tonggol.

In January, the dominant pelagic species was Decapterus

maruadsi amounting to 43.4% followed by Atule ~, 20.0%.

Do maruadsi was again heavily landed in February totalling 74.3%

followed by Rastrelliger kanagurta 11 0 60/,. In March D. maruadsi

totalled 79.f!i(, and Thunnus tonggol 10.50/,. In April, .£. maruadsi

totalled 55.90/ and Selar crumenopthalmus 25.6~o May landings

showed that D. macrosoma amounted to 36.8% and Selar crumenopthalmus

30.6%. .£. maruadsi again dominanted the landinqs in August,

september and October averaging 31.4%, 39 .. 5% and 48.5~ respectively.

From the above monthly percentage of landinqs it is clear that

Deeapterus rnaruadsi is the most dominant pelagic species caught

by the 40 - 70 G'f purse-seiners based in Kuala Terengganu.

Length frequency measurements of the pelagic species

landed by the 40 70 GT purse seiners showed that Rastrelliger

kanagurta averaged 23.7 cm in total length at the beginning of

the year while in June, the total length dropped to an average

of 160 2 em. With respect to Decapterus rnaruadsi, the total

- 45 -

length averaged 20.5 cm in January and 14.8 cm in September.

Selar crumenopthalmus showed similar variations, being largest

in January and smallest towards the end of the year. other

pelagic species showed little variation in size through~t

the year 1985.

3.2.9. Studies on mini-trawlers with engines below 30 H.P

The above study was carried (".ut from data taken

from the receipt books of the Wholes~i~ES:; at the Fish Landing

Complex at Pulau Kambing. Recording of data was conducted in

June to December 1985. It was observed that catches by the

trawlers using engine below 30 H.Po amounted to 65.5% trash fish

and 34.5% commercial fish throughout~:l~r the seven month period ..

However, trash fish catches were high in November, totalling 88%.

The catch per boat (CPUE) including trash fish was high in

September, recording 188.4 kg/boat while the CPUE, not including

trash fish in S~ptember was only 28.3 kg/boat. Commercial fish

catches were highest in July averaoing 34.5 kg/boat.

3.2.10. Studies onm~-prawn trawlers.

The study on mini-prawn trawlers was carried out at

the LKIM Complex at Pulau Karnbing. A total of over 20 species

of prawns were landed by the mini prawn trawlers at Pulau

Kambing. The highest landings were noted during the NoE.

monsoon months i.e. October to March. In terms of species

composition, the dominant species in January was parapeneopsis

hardwickii which totalled 64.3% and was followed by Metapenaeus

intermedius, 13 .6%. In February, P~naeus merguiensis averaged

- 46 -

40 .. 4<t, followed by Pe-rapeneopsis hardwickii 25 .. 6ot, and

Metapenaeus affinis 14.30/. During March, penaeus semisulcatus

averaged 63 .. 5% and Penaeus monodon 25. 14°l. In April, the

dominant species was fo merguiensis with 3502~ followed by

Metapenaeus affinis 23.2%.

Length frequency measurements of the prawns landed

by the mini-prawn trawlers showed that the size of Penaeus

monodon averaged between 21 .. 1 cm - 24.2 cm while ~enaeus

merguiensis averaged between 16.3 cm - 18.3 cm. The species,

Parapeneopsis hardwickii which was the dominant species in the

catches averaged between 7.3 cm - 11.5 cm.

3.2 .. 11. Management of trolling and line fishing ..

Trolling and line-fiShing is an important fishing

activity in Terengganu with Ikan Tongkol being the target species,

contributing to 11% ·of the total catch landed in the state.

Analysis ef data on landings showed that the highest landings w

were recorded in September totalling 966.56 kg/boat, followed

by 525.69 kg/boat in July. The highest landings of ikan tongkol

recorded was in :Uly when a total of 271 trolling boats landed

142,462 kg of fish.

During th~ N.E. Monsson period, January, February,

March, october, November and December the catches were very

,low, with December showing a catch of 68044 kg/boat. No catches

were shown in January and Eebruary. As trolling'boats are

generally small sized, being below 10 GT and equipped with

- 47 -

engines of less than 37 HP, it is dangerous for these small

oraft to fish durinq the monsoon period and conseauently

the landings during this period is low.

It was also noted that the target species for the

trolling boats during the monsoon period is ikan tenggiri.

The catches of ikan tenggiri in November ayeraged 268.2 kg/boat

and a total of 13,152 kg of ikan tenggiri was landed by 49 boats.

3.3. AQUATIC ECOLOGY SECTION.

3.3.1. Artificial Reef Development.

Reef development progressed further in 1985, with

activities centred around expansion of existing tyre reefs,

selection of sites for new tyre reefs, and the construction of

boat reefs.

a) Reef Expansion.

Five existing tyre reefs (p. Aman in penang; Po Paya in

Kedah; K. Besar, Geting and K. Semerak in Kelantan) ~re

expanded with a total of 9,539 tyres. By the end of 1985

the 14 tyre reefs had a total figure of 83,668 tyres.

b) Site selection for new reefs.

Site selection surveys were carried out in the coastal

waters of Kedah, Penang, perak, Selangor, East Johore,

Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan. The surveys were condUcted

both by underwater observations of the seabed and by an

examination of cere samples. A total of 32 sites were found

to be suitable for the establis~ent of new reefs. New reefs are expected to be launched at these sites during 1986.

- 48 -

c) Boat Reefs.

A boat reef was launched in the waters of Manjunq in perak

in February, 1985, using 7 boats. This reef was later

expanded further by the addition of 28 boats in· NOVember/

December. Most of the boats were confiscated fishing vessels.

3.3.2. Ecology of Natural Reefs.

In preparation for the establishment of marine parks,

surveys on natural reefs, that is, coral reefs began this year,

and were centred around pulau Aur in East Johore, pulau Redang

in Terengganu and Pulau Paya in Kedah.

a) Pulau Aur, Johoreo

The survey of the reef here was carried out in mid - June

to determine the extent and diversity of corals. The reef

was observed to be narrOw and limited to two large sheltered

bayso The reef at Telok Kg. Berhala was found to be partially

damaged. A total of 47 species of corals from 24 genera was

recorded. Crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster plancii)

numbering more than 60 were also observed.

b) Pulau Redang, Terengqanu.

A. reef survey was carried out here in July, jointly with

staff of Universiti Pertanian Malaysia. The survey covered

both the coral respurces as well as other invertebrates and

fishes in the reef ecosystem.

- 49 -

c) Pulau Paya, Kedah.

A reconnaissance survey was carried out here in ~uly to

map out the extent of coral reefs fringing this island.

3.3.3. Ecology of Mangrc.·es.

a) Sungai Merbok study A,rea.

This is an area where mangroves were cleared for purposes

of aquaculture. Studies were focussed on water quality

faunal composition from a standard sampling gear and commercial

catches. Field observatmons were made every alternate month,

hence a total of six such observations were made.

ll1ater samples from the estuarine tidal zone of Sg. Dedap

Kecil and Sg. Dedap Besar were analysed for salinity,

temperature, pH, BOD and dissolved oxygen. The physico-

chemical conditions were somewhat similar in both the rivers,

with salinity ranging from 6 to 33 p.p.to; temperature from

o 30 to 34 C; pH from 7.5 to 8.1; BOD from 1.0 to 2.9; and

dissilved oxygen from 4.7 to 8.4 p.p.m. On the ",hole water

quality in this mangrove study area can be said to be

relatively free ~~ organic pollution. The situation was

more or less the same in 1984. This might indicate that the

partial removal of mangroves in the Kuala Sungai Merbok area

has not adversely affected water quality in the area, as

also observed in the year's earlier (1982, 1983) 0

- 50 -

Fish fauna

Both the Sq. Dedap Kecil and Sq. Dedap Sesar were sampled

using the standard gear, the jala. The faunal composition

in Sg. Dedap Besar showed a dominance of 2 species of fish

(Anodontostoma chacunda, Mugil spp.) and 1 species of prawn

(Penaeu~ merguiensis). M~ilst the Mugil spp. was clearly

dominant in the February and March observation, ~o chacunda

was dominant in August and P. merguiensis, in August and

october.

In Sg. Dedap Kecil, the same three species were again

dominant, with ~. merguiensis in all the 5 samples (from

February to October); and Mugil spp. in March and Mayo

From the number of samples collected so far a total of

58 species of fish, 12 species of prawns and 8 species of

molluscs were recorded in the sg. Merbok areas, many of

which are non commercial species.

b) Kuala sepetan~ study Area.

Unlike the Sungai Merbok Study Area, the Kuala Sepetang

Study Area represents that where mangroves have not been

cleared for other developments, but are still intact. But

studies carried out here are more or less similar to that

of Sungai ~erbok, except that greater focus was placed on

the marine prawns that show some form of association with

the coastal mangroves.

The study commenced in March, 1985 and a total of 6

samples of prawns were taken till the end of the year, from

- 51 -

Pukat Surung operators. The samples were studied as to

their species composition, sex ratio and size of individual

prawns in terms of their length and weight. The main prawn

species in the samples were ~~ merguiensis and Penaeus

monodon, the former was found in larger numbers. The females

of P. mergu~nsis were found to be larqely in sexually mature

state with ripe ovaries, whilst those of P. monodon oNere not

in such a state of gonadal. development.

The P. merguiensis had a size range of 1.0

and 2.0 - 22.0 g, whilst the P. monodon was 2 0 6

in length and 10.0 - 152.0 g in w1ight.

3.3.4. Bacterial Contamination.

3.0 cm

6 0 5 cm

The monitoring of bacterial (fecal coliform) contamination

in the cockles (Anadara granosa) continued in 1985, whilst efforts

to find a suitable method to depurate contaminated cockles were

discontinfted, to allow for technical assistance from Australia

to devise a proper depuration system, under the ASEAN - Australia

Food Handling Progr~mme.

The monitoring of bacterial contemination in cockles

was possible only during the first half of the year, OWing to

the research staff being sent overseas ona study tour. Cockle

samples from th€ Jelutong sewage outfall area in penang were

monitored to show fecal coliform levels ranginq from 7 to 167

MPN/g. These levels signify heavy micr.obial contamination of

the Jelutong cockles, conSidering the maximum permissible limits

in shellfish, as recognized in U.K., U.S.A and Japan, to be in

- 52 -

the region of only 2.3 MPN/g. The present monitoring exercise

on cockles is expected to be extended to ~ther ar .. 8s in due

course, particularly to the commercial beds, situated in

Se~rang Prai end in perako

3.3.5. Heavy Metals Contamination.

Monitoring of heavy metals in fish was continued in

1985, with the collection of a set of marine fish samples from

the states of Penang, Kedah; Pcrak and Selangor (representing

the Straits of Malacca element) and the states of Johor and

Terengganu representing the South China Sea element. Some of

these fish samples comprising 7 species were analysed for

heavy metal residues, such as cop~er, zinc, cadmium, lead and

mercury.

AparT, from the above samples a sample of trawl fish

collected in 1983 (during the cruise of K.Ko Mersuji from P •

. Pangkor to P. Langkawi), and a sample of freshwater fish from

the Ta.enggor Dam in Perak were also analysed.

The. levels of heavy metals recorded in the above samples

are below the maximum permissible limits in fish as observed in

U.S.A., Sweden and west Germany, if consumed by man. The levels

are, however, highly vaLiable from species to species and frem

one locality to another. It is therefore necessary that the

monitoring of heavy metals in flsh be continued indefinitely

in order to detect localities and species which may show

increasing trends of the pollutants bioaccumulating in the

muscle tissues. Such data may also assist in the location of

- 53 -

the source of pollution and thereby bring it under control

through existing environmental laws. Most important of all

is that the data obtained may suggest if the comsumption of

a fish species in concern may endanger human health ..

3.3.6. pesticides/FCB'S Contamination.

Though a staff was trained in 1984 to carry out

studies of organochlorine pesticide and PCB residues in fish,

the staff was transferred to Head Quarters in Kuala Lumpur in

Eebruary, 1985. Hence this study was held in abeyance until

such time a suitable replacement was found to be attached full

time to the study. Fish samples fer the study were, never~

theless, collected from various localities and deep f.$'~" so

that they may be prepared for analysis at a more convenient time.

The study would .involve the determination of residue levels of

organochlorine pesticides (viz; DDT and met~olites, Dieldrin,

Lindaee) and polychlorinated biphenyls, all of which are known

to bioaccurnulate in fish and shellfish, i.f they are present in

the aquatic environment.

3.3 0 70 T,rater OUali ty e

The monitoring of water quality was carried out in 14

major rivers· along·: the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia (viz:

- PERLIS: Sg. Perlis; KEDAH: Sg. Kedah, sg. Merbok, Sg. Muda;

PENANG : Sg .. Juru, Sgo Prai, Sg. Jilwi; PERAK: sgo Krian, sg.

Perak; SELANGOR: Sg. Selangor, sg. Klang; JOHORE : Sg. Muar,

Sg. Batu Pahat, sg. Skudai), and in the coastal waters of

Penang and pangkor.

- 54 -

The stute of pollution in the rivers WuS quite similar

to that of the previous years, with no significant changes in

water quulityo Basically, pollution was ~etected in riverine

stretches near tOINnships and settlements, mainly due to the

discharge of sewage and other organic wastes of domestic

origin. Ammonia levels were qehera11y high but rather restricted . . to these stretches of the rivers. The upstream and estuarine

portions of these rivers were, on the other hand, found to be

less polluted; this is due to minimal environmental problems

encountered in the upper reaches of rivers and the tidal flushing

effect in the downstream estuaries. The coastal waters of Penang

and P. Pungkor hardly showed any changes in water quality compared

to the previous years. The waters of Batu Maung and Gertak

Sanggul in Penang remained in u grossly polluted state, with a

build-UP of sulphides, mainly due to effluent discharge from t

the piggermes in the area.

3.3.80 Oil Pollution.

Monitoring of oil pollution was carried out mainly in

the form of beach tar ball surveys and to some extent through

analysis of seuwater samples for dissolved and dispersed petroleum

hydrocarbons.

Beach tar ball surveys were carried out in the states

of Kedah (pulau Langkawi), Penang (Gertak SangguU and perak

(Pulau Pangkor). Data from the surveys suggest that oil pollution

is very minimal in the coastal waters of these states, and, can

be classified as free of oil pollution (that is < 10g/m).

- 55 -

water samples for analysis of dissolved and dispersal

petroleum hydrocarbons were token from Glugor Jetty in Penang.

They record very low levels of the hydrocarbonse

The monitoring of oil pollution was initiated in the

coastal waters forming the Straits of Malacca element, due-to

the Straits being a throughfjre for both merchant as well as oil

shipping. It can therefore be antiCipated that the coastal

waters of the Straits will be subjected to a fair amount of oil

pollution, mainly from the cperational discharge of oily bilge

waters from the maritime vessels. The monitoring effort is to

keep track of trends in oil pollution and to make periodic

assessments 5S to possible impacts on marine life,especially

fish.

3.3.9. ToxicologYa

Toxicity tests were carried out on oil dispersants,

under the Regional Seas Proqramme of the United Nations Environ-

rnent Programme (UNEP) for the East Asian Seas (EAS)o The tests

were carried out on 12 oil dispersents (viz: Chemkleen OSDA-NY,

Corexit 8667, Corexit 9527, Diversey OSD, Cold Crew Oil Dispersant,

Hydrosol SE-4, Hydrosol DN-dO, Napasco petro-Solv, Servo CD-2000, , ~, TI ,

Shell LT-4 and Vans OSD-29). The tests were carried out c.tno

the dispersants in combination with a standard crude oil, the

test animal engaged being Tilapia nilotica. The objective of

the exercise was to determine, through 48 hour LCSO values, .

dispersant that carried lower toxicities to marine life, so

that these dispersants may be used in oil spill combat at sea,

when deemed necessary.

- 56 -

The results suggest that Servo CD-2000 is the least

toxic of the group of dispersants tested, whilst Napasco Petro­

Solv and Vans 08D-29 are very highly toxic s

Jeffrey and Nichols (1973) have classified oil

dispersants according to their 48h LC 50 values, for Crangon

crangon (a brown shrimp), as determined under temperate climatic

conditions, that is under lower ambient temparatures. According

to their classification, dispersants showing 48h LC 50 values

exceeding 10,000 ulll are practically non-toxic; whilst those

with values between 10,000 - 1,000 are slightly toxic; 1,000 -

100 moderately toxic; 100 - 10 toxic; and below 10 ~ery toxic.

Such classification may not be applicable to our test results

owing to differences in test conditions and test animals. It

is envisaged that a set of toxicity ratings will be drawn up

fr~ our test results in due course, that is after further tests

bave been completed in the absence of crude oil.

4. MAINTENANCE AND DEPL()IMm'r·.:' OF RESEARCH VESSELS.

4.1" K.K."PELALING" (Mohd Taupek be Mohd Nasir) 0

The research vessel K.Ko"PELALING" wns deployed for a

prawn survey on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysin from 12.7.

-85 - 14.8.85 ..

4.2. K"K."MERSUJI" (Ahmad Adnan b. Nuruddin)

The vessel K.K. ''MERSUJI'' was deployed for two resource

studies in 1985, the first Squid Jigging, from 11th - 14th February

1985 and the second study, Bottom Long Lining, from 4th - 7th March

- 57 -

1985 0 Both studies were carried out on the lA1est Coast of Po

Malaysia under the supervision of Mr. SHIGEO KOBAYASHI, a

Japanese Mqster-fisherman sponsored by JICA.

4.3. KaK. "AYA" (Abdul Hamid b. Yasin)

The vessel K.K."AYA" was again mostly inactive in

1985. The vessel w~s slipped at Limbongan Perikanan, Port

Kelang from 6th March to 7th May 19850 Three purse-seine trials

were however conducted on 28th May, 21st - 22nd July and 30th

July 1985. Minor repairs were undertaken on the vessel during

the rest of the yearo

4.4. F.A.O. VESSEL, R.V. "RASTRELLIGER" (Lui Yean pong)

A comprehensive marine resources survey of the EEZ

area was undertaken by the R. V. "R.a,sTRELLIGER" towards the end

of 1985, through a contract signed with Crown Agents of U.K. The

survey is expected to be completed by the end of 1986.

4.5. K.Y."KERAPU Itl (Ali Awang).

The vessel K.K .... KERAPU If! was deployed mainly for

mariculture field studies, including mollusc culture and the

collection of shrimp and finfish broodstock. Other activities

carried out were in the artificial reef project and fishing gear

studies 0

4 0 6. K.K. "JENAHAK" (~Tong Fai Hung)

K.K. "JENAHAK" was specially deployed for the artificial

reef development project during the year.

- 58 -

5. PUBLICATIONS o

The following list does not include various reports

submitted for Depi3rtmental use and not meant for pUblication.

5.1. Aquaculture Section.

5.1.1. E$timated production cost of tiger prawn fry in a small­

scale hatchery, by Choo Poh Sze. In press.

5.1.2. Observations on the use of some non-algal feeds in the

culture of protozoeae larvae of penaied prawn, by Choo

Poh Sze. In press.

5.1.3. Menternak siput sudu/kupang, Perna viridis by Choo Poh

Sze (Co-author). In press.

5.1.4. A country report on "The Current status, constraints and

future devel.opment of shellfish culture in Malaysia" prepared

by Ng Pong Oon, and presented by Fai1zaz Abdul Latiff on a

studyteur to France from 9th - 27th September 1985.

5.1.5. Length freauency data based analysis on the growth and

mortality of the Malaysian cockle (Anadara granosa L) in

five commercial plots by Ng Fong Oon. In press.

5.1.6. Preliminar~ reFults of the experimental culture on the red

seaweed, Gracillaria sp. in Malaysia, by Faazaz Abdul Latiff.

5.1.7. "Penggunaan makanan rumusan di dalam perusahaan ternakan ikan/

udang" - Risalah Perikanan, Bilangan 22 by Che Utama Che Musa.

5.1.8. "Pengeluaran benih ikun siakap" - RiSulah perikanun, Bilangan

21 by Ali Awang.

5.1.9. Research uS 13 support service f.:>r uquaculture development & Penyelidikan sebugai khidmat sokongan bagi pembangunan akuakultur). Presented by Ong Kuh Sin at the Aquuculture Conference held in Johor Baharu on 9 - 12 December 1985.

- 59 -

5.1.10. Patmasothy, s. (1985). The effects of three diets with

variable protein levels on ovary development and focundity ,

in Leptobarbus hoevenii. In: Fin fish nutrition in Asia:

Methodological approaches to research and development.

ottawa, Onto - ID.RC - 233 eo

5.1.11. rathmasothy, S. & T.J. Lim (in press). The response of

pangasius sutchi (Fowler) fingerlinge fed on isocaloric

diets with varinble protein levels. Malay. Agric. Jr.

5.1.12. The success rate of induced spawning 9f Po sutchi (Fowler)

using homoplastic pituitary extract in combination with

Leutinizing .Releasing Hormone (LRH-A). Prepared by Puan

Thalatniah bte Saidin for publication.

5.1.13. Induced spawning of C. macrocephalus ~Gunther) using several

inducing agents. P£epared by Puan Thalathiah bte Saidin for

publication.

5.101~o Menternak udang harimau menguntungkan. Disediakan oleh Rosly

Hassan & Nafiah j\~d. Yasin untuk l!ITartani.

5.2. Resource section.

5.2.1. A paper entitled "sixth west Coast Tri'lwl Survey off the '~7est

Coast of Peninsular Malaysia" was prepared by En. Ahmad Adnan

bin Nuruddin for publication in the Fisheries Bulletin.

5.2.2. A paper entitled "Demersal Fish Resources of the Southern

Area of the lrJest Coast of Peninsular Nalaysia" was submitted

by En. Ahmad Adnan for the Bay of Bengal Programme Workshop

Group Meeting held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, in october 1985.

5.2.3. A peper entitled "A Key to the Identification of Commercial

Prawn Species of Malaysia" was prepared by En. Jl.bu Tnlib bin

Ahmad and Cik Mahyam bte. Mohd Isa and submitted to HQ Kuala

Lumpur for publication.

- 60 -

5.2.4. A paper entHled "Kajian By-Catch Excluder Device" (BED) was

prepared and submitted by En. Rosidi Ali, En. Abu Talib Ahmad

and Tuan Sayed Sahabudin Sayed Alwi.

5.2.5 0 .I'm article entitled "Identification of Commercial Marine

Prawns of Malaysia" was submitted by Cik Mahyam bte Mohd Isa.

5.3. Aquatic Ecology Section.

5.3. 1 • Toxicity Screening of Oil Dispersants Country Report­

Malaysia by A.A. Jothy, Rohani Ibrahim & Velu Murugan.

Paper presented at a Review Neeting on UNEP/EAS Project 2.2,

sydney, Australia, November, 1985.

5.3.2. On the Toxicity of Ammonia to Cockle by Liong Pit Chong,

and K. Rajendran. In press.

6. NET~T STAFF/TRANSFERS/RESIGNATIONS ETC.

601. Ismail b. Abdullah, Penjaga Kolam Gelang Patah ditukar ke

Pusat Pembaikbiak Ikan Bukit Tingqi, Bentong, pahang '101.1985.

6.2. Pemandu-pemandu Rashid Hjo Said & Md. Radi ~ !I1d. Rodzi b o Hi.

Muhamad melapurkan diri di Glugor 2.1.1985.

6.3. Penolong-penolong Pegawai perikanan Sazali b. Muhamad, Ibrahim ~

Taat & Sani b~ Palil melapurkan diri di Batu Berendam 801.1985.

6.~. Penolong-penolonq pegawai perikanan Azma~ b. said.~Che Omar b.

Mat HUssein n-l'purkan diri di Glugor .10.1.1985 dan Abdul ~ziz

b. Yusuf pada12.1.1985.

6.5. Pembantu Makmal Pirmala Devi ditukar ke PUSPATI dan diganti .

dengan Oh Kim Lan pada 1.2.1985.

6.6. Kelasi Nik Rani b o Nik Mat melapurkan diri di pulau Kambing.

- 61 -

6.7. Pegawai 'etikanan Rodiah bt. Idris ditukar ke Cawangnn Perancanq,.

Ibu Pejabat 15.2.1985. ~'~

6.8. Pegawai Kerani Mazulifah ht. Ishak ditukar ke Pe]abot Tanah &

Galian, Pulau Pinang diganti dengan Suppramaniam 1.3.1985.

6.9. 0uruteknik yang Chee Hang meletakkan jawatan 1.3.1985.

6110. Pegawai Perikanan Maznah bt. othman melapurkan diri di Batu

Berendam 15.3.1985.

6.11. Kalasi Muhayadi b. Ahmad dilepaskan untuk bertugas di Jabatan

Imigresen 1.4.1985.

6.12. Pegawai Kerani Idris bo Hj. Ismail melapurkan diri di Batu

Berendam 1.6.1985.

6.13. Pegawai Perikanan Ti Teow Loon dari Batu Berendam & Jurumudi Mohd

b. Wan Ali dari Glugor meletakkan jawatan 1.e.1985.

6.14. Pembantu Makmal Me Thanabal ditukar ke PUsat pembiak Udang Galah,

Kampong Acheh, Lumut dari Gelang Patah 1.9.1985.

6.15. Pegawai Perikanan Nik Razali b. Nik Lah melapurkan dirt di Batu

Berendam 2.9.1985.

6.16. Jurutaip Samsiah bt. Abd. Rahman dltukar ke pejahat Pengarah

Perikanan Negeri Terengganu dari pulau Kambing diganti dengan

Zainun bto Hj.Muda 17.9.1985.

6.17. pegawai perikanan Liong pit Chong ditukar ke Batu Berendam &

Pegawai perikanan Harnbal b. Hanafi dltukar ke Gelang Patah

15.10.1985.

6.19. pegawai Perikanan Saniah bt. tahaya dltukar ftari Tanjung Demong

ke Sabak dan diganti oleh Hussin b. Mat Ali 16.11.1985.

- 62 -

6.19. Pfloewni Perikanan Faazaz Abdul Latiff 'Clituk~ka!,·ke~.-· ':r.-+"":::-> . ' ". .

Pusat Penetasan Udang, Kg. Pulau savak, Kedah pad1r.tktobet""1985.

6.20. Pegawui Kerani Kanan Nasir Kamaruddin melaporkan diri di Batu

Berendam pada 2.9.1985.

6.21. YoMo Raja Nohd Noordin b. Raja Omar, pegi)wai perikanan ditukarkan

ke Unit Ekologi pada 15.10.1985.

6.22, pegawai Perikanan Ramli Saad ditukarkan ke Beksi Elcologi, membantu

projek tukun tiruan pada 2.12.19P5.

6.23. Pembantu Makmal Mamat Che Deraman ditukarkan ke Tanjong nemong.

7. VISITS/VISITORS·

A. IPP, Glugor.

7.1. Dr. John Alabaster - FAO expert on water qUality criteria and

standards.

702. Dr" Peter Syres - ASEIlN-Australia Food Handling Proqramme

consultant on shellfish depuration.

7.3. Officials from SE.AFDEC/MFRD, Singapore, to discuss on cockle

depuration.

7.4. Dr. william Dall from CSIRO Australia as Asian Development Bank

Consultant.

7.5. Mr. Charles Angell arrived on 15.1.85 to start a 8 week

consultancy on cockle spawning and cockle seed resource management.

7.6. Mr. L. Engvall from the BOBP visited IPP to review progress of

the cockle culture project.

7.7. Experts from Asian Development Bank led by Mr. Sowerbyarrived

in IPP on 26.3.85 for a one-week consultancy.

- 63 -

7.8. Ahli Jawatankuasa Pertanian Negeri Perak visited IPP ~n

23.4.85 and l~ere briefed on the cockle culture project •.

7.9. ADB Aquaculture consultant, Dr. M. Girin visited IPP from

3.6.85 - 5.6.85d

7.10. Dr. C.A. Richardson started consultancy on cockle shell

ageing techniques from 15.8 0 85 - 21.9.85.

7.11. Encik Hasnan and Encik Najmudin from the perbadanan Kemajuan

Ekonomi Negeri Perlis visited IPP to discuss the Ternakan Air

Payau in Kuala Sanglang, Perl is project on 24.10.85.

7.12. F~O experts on a epidemologic survey on fish diseases in Southeast

Asia visited IPP on 27.11.85 - 28.11.85.

7.13. Dr. Alang and Dr. Fred from the pusat Perkembangan dan Pendidikan

Lanjutan, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia visited IPP on 7.12.85.

B. PPIAT, Batu Berendam.

7.14. Dr. J.J. Richard Arthur, JDRC project Network coordinator (Fish

Health), visited the Pusat on 2.7.85.

7.15. Dr. Nadaraja from India visited the Pusat from 19th to 21st

July 1985.

7.16. The Pengarah Penyelidik, Encik Mohd Shaari b. Sam Abdul Latiff,

visited the Pusat on 19th and 20th August 1985.

7.17. The Timbalan Ketua Setiausaha Kementerian pe%tanian, Y.B. Dato

Seri Khalil visited the pusat on 30th August 1985.

7.18. Dr. Sinha from India visited the Pusat on 23rd September ~985.

7.19. The Ketua Seksi Ternakair, Encik ong Kah Sin visited the Pusat

on 19th November 1985.

- 64 -

1.20. A team of P.A.O. experts on fish diseuse, led by Dr. Don

t 41)cIntflsh visited the Pusat on 28th t-Tovember 1985. Assistance

wos given to the team on the collection of water und fish samples

from Sungai Melaka and also from paddy field in the areo.

8. MEETINGS/SEMINARS/LECTURES/'tRAININGS·.

8.1. The Director of Research, r10hd .shaari bin Sam 1.bdul Latiff

atbmded:

8 .. 1 . ., 1. Jawatankuasa Perancang Jabatan perikanan di Kuala Lumpur

7.2.1985, 4.4.1985, 2.5.1985, 6.6.1985 7 15.7.1985, 1.8.1985,

17.10.1985, 7.11.1985.

8.102. 6th Thai!Malaysia Sub-committee on Fisheries Meeting in

Bangkok 12.2.1985 - 1302.1985.

8.103 .. Meeting on fute of Marine Jetty, Glugor at KOMT}\R Level

26 1.3.1985.

8.1.40 l'1alaysian Society of Narine Sciences Seminar & l\.nnual

... General ~neeting on "Nanagement of Morine ReSOUrces'! at

The Faculty of Fisheries & Marine 5eiences, Universiti

P~rtnnian ~olavsia, Serdang 23.30 1985.

8.1.50 Fisheries Officers Conference at Hotel Orchard Sun

15.4.1985 - 17.4.1985.

8.1 0 6. Mesyuarat penyewaan "RASTRELLIGER" di Ibu pejabat

7.5.1985 - 8.5.1985, 12.6.1985 - 13.6.1985, 11.10.1985.

8 .. 107" Meeting with Dr. ~"illiam Dall of CSIRO Australia di

Glugor 10.9.1985.

~The list is not exhaustive.

- 65 -

801.8. Taklimnt kepada Ketua setiausnha Negara di IPP 13.9.1985.

8.1.9. Meeting with EPU on RW. at EPU 23.11.1985.

8.1.10. Meeting on Choi~e of Masterfisherman & Marine Engineer

for K.K. Manchong at HO on 30.9.1985.

8.2. Encik ong Kah Sin attended the following:

8.2010 Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Perancang, Jabatan Perikanan di Ibu

pejabat perikanan, Kuala Lumpur pada 70 3.1985, 8 0 12.1985.

8.2.2. Mesyuarat Anggaran perbelanjaan di Ibu Pejabat Perikanan dan

Kementerian Pertanian, Kuala Lumpur pada 14 - 15 Mac 1985,

29 Mac 1985, 24 April 1985, 8 - 9 Julai 1985.

8.2.3. persidangan Pegawai-pegawai Perikanan Kanan di pulau Pinang

pada 15 - 17 April 1985.

8.2.4. Mesyuarat mengenai projek ternakan sepat siam di Paya Chong,

di Pulau Pinang pada 17 Mei 1985, 27 Jun 1985, 25 Julai 1985,

29 November 1985.

8.2.5. Mesyuarat menqenai hakisan pantai di Bilik Gerakan Neqara. ,

JPM, Kuala Lumpur pade 1.3 Mei 1985,22 Julai 1985.

8.2.6. Mesyuarat mengenai bantuan Peranchis di bidang Akuakultur,

di Ibu Pejabat Perikanan, Kuala Lumpur pada 6 April 1985 dan

7 - 8 Jun 1985.

8.2.7. Mesyuarat mengenai bantu an Jepun di bidang Akuakultur, di

Ibu Pejabat Perikanan, Kuala Lumpur pada 29 Mei 1985, 17 -

18 Jun 1985, 30 - 31 Julai 1985, 30 Ogos 1985.

8.2.8. Mesyuarat mengenai bantuan FAO di bidang Akuakultur, di

Ibu Pejabat Perikanan, Kuala Lumpur pada 4 Jun 1985.

- 66 -

8.2.9. Mesyuarat mengenai pelaksanaan program penyelidikan di

Pusat penyelidikan TernakanT\ir payau, Gelang Patah pada

18 - 19 Julai 19850

8.2.10. Persidangan Akuakultur di Johor Baharu pada 9 - 13

Disember 1985.

8.3 0 Fuan Choo Poh Sze attended the followina:

8.3.1 .• Japanese aid for the National Prawn Fry Research and

Production Centre in pulau Sayak chaired by Timbalan

Ketua Pengarah and held in IPP on 2301 0 19850

8.3.20 Mesyunrat r?UG, FPIUL, PPU dan FDLT yang pertama 1985

held in Sg.Acheh, Lumut on 29.2 01985 - 3002 0 1985.

8.3.3. Mesyuarat tahunan perpustakaan IPP held on 18.2.19850

803.4 0 Interim Asian Development Bank Report on Aquaculture

Development project in Peninsular Malaysia held in the

Ministry of .Agriculture on 15 0 5.19850

8 0 3.5. Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Pertanian, Pulau Pinang held in the

Pejabat Deerah Seberang Prai utara on 15.6.1985.

8.3.60 Mesyuarat Sistem Bekalan Air Laut held in IPP on 30.9.1985

together with Encik Mohd Shaari bin sam Abdul Latiff and

Encik Hambal Hanafi.

8.3.7. the tlInternational Training Course" and the "International

Symposium on Artemia" from 15.7.1985 - 5.9.1985 in Belgium.

8.3.8. Mesyuarat peraturan-peraturan Akuakultur Laut held in

Ibu Pejabat Perikanan on 14.10.1985.

8.3.9. A seminar on the Expanding opportunities for Aquaculture

Investments in Asean" in Kuala Lumpur from 5.11 - 6.11.1985.

- 67 -

8.3.100 Mesyuarat antara Jabatan Perikanan dan LKIM Bil.4/85 di

~Nisma PKN5, LKIM 1'ada,~1',1~~ "985.

8.4. Encik Hambal Hanafi attended the following:

8.4.1. Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Pertanian Negeri, PUlau Pinang held

on 17.1.1985.

8 0 4.2. Hesyuarat kenaikan pangkat pegawai IPP held on 7.3.1985.

8.4.3. Mesyuarat ternakair, Paya Chong on 11.3.1985, 24.4.1985 &

17.5.1985.

8.4.4. Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Pertanian Negeri pulau pinang held on

12.3.1985.

8.4.5. Mesyuarat ~ukan Jawatankuasa pertanian Negeri Pulau pinang

held on 29.3.1985.

8.4.6.Mesyuarat Ternakan Ikan di kawasan sekitar Sg. prai held

on 2.4.1985.

8.4.7 0 Mesvuarat Pembangunan Ternakair PERD~, Pulau Pinang field

on 18 .. 4.1985.

8.4.8. Mesyuarat Jeti Merin, Glugor, held on 30.4.1985.

8.4.9. Mesyuarat kesesuaian tanah hutan paya bakau perusahaan

ternakair held on 13 0 5.1985.

8.5. Encik Ng Fong Oon attended:

8.5. 1 • Meeting on cockle project and discussion on terms of

reference for consultant Mr. Charles Angoll on cockle

spawning and reseeding, held in Ibu pejabat perikanan

on 11.1.1985.

- 68 -

8.5.2. Review meeting on cockle programme sponsored by International

Labour Organisation, held in Universiti Sains Malaysia on

12.2.1985.

8.5.3. Meeting on cockle depuration with consultant Dr. Ayres, and

Dr. Yusoff of the Asean Food Aandling Buraau held in IPP on

6 .. 3 019850

8.5.4. First review meeting on "Development and Management of Cockle

culture in Malaysia" held in rlpp on 12 .. 3.1985. The meeting

was also attended by Kamal zaman and Devakie Nair.

8.5.5. Meeting on cockle depurntion with MFRD officials held in IPP

on 18.3 .. 1985.

8.5.6. Meeting on Pelan Induk pembangunan Pertanian Pulau Pinang

at Ibu pejabat Perikanan on 19.8.1985.

8.5.7. Meeting at IPP with F.ncik Shahrom b. Hj. Abdul Majid, Dr. LJ naIl from CSIRO and other IPP officers on 11.9.1985.

8.5.8. Meeting at IPP on progress of cockle project with Mr. Engvall,

Dr. C.A. Richardson, Encik Kamal Zaman and eik Devakie Nair.

8.5.9. Meeting at IPP to discuss details for the Workshop on cockle

culture with Mr. Rngvall, Encik Mohd Shaari b. sam Abdul Latiff,

Encik ong Kah Sin, puan ehoo poh Sze and Encik Kamal zaman also

attended the meeting held on 16.12.1985.

8.5.10 .. Training on microcemputer technique using ELEFAN (I & II) at

IeLARM and the university of Philippines, Manila, Philippines.

8.6. Encik Ali Awang attended a meeting with the Aquaculture consultant

from t~e Asian Development Bank regarding "Draft Sectoral Report

on Aquaculture Research in Peninsular Malaysia" in IPP on 3.6.1985.

- 69 -

8.7~ Encik Che Utama Che Musa attended:

807.10 Technical Committee meetings on "Projek Paya Chong" held in

IPP on 13.1.1985, 16.11.1985 and 29.1101985 and in Butterworth

on 25.7.19850

8.702 Q lATorkshop on ~Pe Ian Induk f'ernoongunan pertanian, pulau pinang"

in Busat Pertanian Bumbung Lima on 6.12 0 1985.

8.80 Cik Devakie Nair attended meetings on "Epidemologic survey of fish

disease spreading in Southeast Asia" on 18.11.1985 and 29.11.1985

held in rbu pejabat perikanan Kuala Lumpur.

8.9. Puan Saniah Yahaya attended the followinq:

8.9.10 Mesyuarat Ketua-ketua Sahagian di pejabat Perikanan Negeri,

Kuala Terengganu pada 201.1985, 5.5.1985 dan 106.1985.

8.9.2. Mesyuarat kakitangan Pusat penetasan Ikan/Udang ~autt ~go

Oemong, Besut pada 8.101985.

8.9.30 Mesyuarat bagi lawatan Ketua pengarah perikanan, Malaysia

di Pejabat Perikanan Negtri, Kuala Terenggnnu pada 11.601985 •

• ~ .. ~t4 ... Takllmat oleh Kettla peng.-ah Perikanan, Malaysia di pejabat

~. p~rikanan Negeri, Kuala Yerengganu pada 1806.1985.

8.10. Encik Othman Muhomad attend~ training on feed formulation for

prawns in Tahit.;. from 2e.9.~85 - 1.012.iQ8S.

8.11. Puan Choo Poh .~, Encik Ng ~ng Oon and Encik Ali Awang gave

lectures to partiCipants attending the ASEftN/Canadian Course

on Post-ha~st handling on A.<;'Uaculture Products held in the

Ming Co~rt, Penang on 24.3.1985 - 26.3.1985.

- 70 -

8 0 12. Che utama Che Musa and Puan Rashidah Mat Resat attended a

course on "Small-scale hatchery operation and management" in

SEAFDEC, Iloilo, Philippines from 1.9.85 - 31.10 .. 1985.

8. 1 3 .. Practical traininq courses on ··Pembiakan Udang Laut" were

conducted for trainees from the private and public sect~ ••

Officers involved in giving training I~ere Encik ong ¥ah Sin,

Puan Choo Poh Sze, Eneik Hambal Hanafl, Encik Ali Awang, Encik

Ramli saad, Puan Rashidah l'lnt Resat and Cik Devakie Nair.

The training courses held~re from 220 4.1985 - 18.5.1985,

1 .. 7.1985 - 27 0 7.1985 and 23 0 9.1985 - 14.10.1985.

8.14. Encik Ti Teow Loon (Ketua Pusat Batu Berendam up to the end

of July 1985) attended the fGllcwing:

8.1401. rvresyuarat Ketua-ketua Jabatan Negeri/Persekutuan/Badan

Berkanun dan Penguasa Tempatan, Negeri Melaka held in

Jabatan Ketua tlfenteri on 28 0 5.1985 0

8.14 .. 2. Mesyuarat Portfolio Pembangunan Desa Neqeri Melaka held

in Jabatan KetuG Menteri, on 2.3. 1 985, ~.4.1985 and 8.6.1985.

8.15. Encik Li~nq Pit Chong Ketua Pusat Batu Berendam attended~

8. 1 5.1. persidangan untuk Menghadapi Tindakan Perusahaan oleh

QJEPACS, held in Jabatan Ketua Menteri on 16.10.1985.

8.15.20 The Seminar on Expanding Opportunities on Aquaculture

Investment in Asoan, sponsored by U.S - AseanCenter for

Technology Exchange Inc. held in Kuala Lumpur, 5 - 6th

November 1985.

8~15p3o ~esyuarat Portfolio pembangunan Desa Negeri Melaka held

in Jabatnn Ketua Menteri on 5012.1985 0

8 0 15040 Persidangan akuakultur anjuran Jabatan Perikanan held

in Johor Bahry, 9 - 12th. December 1985.

_ 71 -

8.16. Encik Ismail b. Awang Kechik attended:

8. 1 6. 1 .• Mesyuarat Ketua-ketua Jabatan Negeri/Persekutuan/Badan

Berkanun/Penguasa Tempatu., held in .1abatan Ketua Menteri,

Melaka on 30.7.19R5 0

8.1.6,,2. Mesyuarat Portfolio Pembl:mgunan Desa, Negeri Mellka, held

in Jabatan Ketua Menteri on 5.9.1985.

8.16.3. persidangan Akuakultur, anjuran Jabatan perikanan held in

Johor Bahru 9 - 12th. December 1985.

8.17. Encik Chuah Hean Peng attended:

8.17.1. "Fish GenetiC Training Course" held in Singapore from 15th.

to 26tho April 1985. The course was sponsored by lDRC.

8 .. 17.2. The course "pengenalan Kepada "Computer" held in Intan,

Kuala Lumpur from 19th to 24th. J~gust 1985.

8~ 18, Encik J\.hmad l\~ left for Philippines to attend a one year

aquaculture traininq course sposored by NACA in early 1985.

8.19. Encik Misrl, bin 5emingin, attendee the 'Integrated Farming

Course t in Vluxi, China from 14.4.1985 to 19.8.1985. The

course was sponsored .jointly by F.A.O. & TDRC.

8,20. Encik Abas Fauzi, ~or Azman, Sani Palil and Ibrahim Taat,

attended the Training Course on Brackishwater Aquaculture,

in Gelang patah, Johor from 3 to 22000 August 1985.

8.21. Encik Nik Razali, pegawai perikilnan:~ Encik Sukerman Sarbini

Pembantu perikanan, attended theKur,~us, 'penyakit Ikan' held

in Universiti Pertanian Malaysia,serdang from 9th to 14th

December 19850

- 72 -

8.220 Encik Nasir Kamarudin, pegawai Kerani Kanan, attended Kursus

Kawalan Inventeri, held in lntan, Kluanq, 2nd - 5th December

1985 ..

8 .. 23 0 Dro Siti zahrah, peg'nwai Perikanan, attended the "Training

Course in Fish Diseases, their Prevention and Control" from

9 July - 15 August 1985 in Bogor, Indonesia ..

8.24 0 Encik Hambal Hanafi, Ketua pusat Gelang patah menghadiri:

8.24010 ~esyuarat mengenai seminar Persidangan akuakultur di Ibu

Pejabat Perikamm pad a 1.9hbo l'Jovember 1985 0

8.24 0 20 Seminar 'Expanding opportunities for aquaculture investments

in ASEAN ..!i Kuala Lumpur pada 5 - 6hbo November 19850

8.24.30 Seminar tpersidangan Akuakultura' di Johor pada 7 - 12hbo

Disember 1985 anjuran Jabatan Perikanan, bersama dengan

Roaly Hassan dan Ismail Abu Hassan ..

8.24 040 Seminar tprawn culture' anjuran pihak Gold Coin di Johor

Bahru pada 4hb. November 1985, bersama dengan Rosly Hassan

dan Ismail Abu Hassan ..

8 .. 25 0 Encik Lui Yean Pong attended:

8.25010 The Third Session of the "Committee for Development and

Management of the Fisheries in the Bay of Bengal" and the

9th Meeting of the "Advisory Committee for the Development

of Small scale Fisherit'!s of the Bay of Bengal" in Bangkok,

Thailand from 25 0 2 .. 1.985 to 1.3 .. 1985.

8.25 0 2,. Meetinq on upgrading of Fisheries Officers ~t HO, Fisheries

Division, K.L. on 5 .. 3.1985.

- 73 -

8.25.3. Meeting on Economic Feasibility of Commercial Trawlers

in the Offshore 1~Taters of East Johore, at the District

Fisheries Office, Mersing on 3.5.1985.

8.2~o4. Trawl Study on Rastrelliger at Medan, Indonesia and

Phuket, Thailand under F~O/BOBP sponsorship from 19.5.1985

to 30 0 5. 1985 0

8.25.5. Meeting on leng-term studies of fishing gear at HO, Kuala

Lumpur 2., 14.6.1985.

8.25.6. Meeting on the Master Plan for Agri,~ltural Development

in Penang at HQ Kuala Lumpur on 190§.1985.

8.25.7. Meeting on the assessment of deep-sea resour.es using

the F.A.O. vessel R.V. RASTRELLIGER at HO Kuala Lumpur

on 11.10.1985, 1.11.1985 and 8.11.1985.

8.25 0 8 0 Meeting on the Use of Four-Beam Trawl Net and the Report

on the studies on Squid Fishing at HO Kuala Lumpur on

18th - 19th November 1985 0

8.25.9 0 Meeting on the commencements of the Deep~sea Resource

Survey using the F.A.O. vessel R.V. RJ\STRF:LLIGER, at

the Project Office Kuantc..>n, Pahang on 27.11.1985.

8.25.10. Meeting on assessment of ~IDP/BOBP projects by a

UNDP Mission at HO Kuala Lumpur on 11.12.1985.

8.26. Encik Ahmad Adnan b o Nuruddin attended:

8.26.10 Meeting with Bay of Bengal Programme Experts at IPP

Glugor on 11.3 01985 0

8.26.2. Meeting with Asian Development Bank Mission at IPP

on 27.3 .. 1985.

- 74 -

8026 0 3. Meeting on the assesement of Deep~ea Resources using

the F.ft.O. Vessel R.V. RJlSTRELLIGER at He Kuala Lumpur

on 7th - 8th. May 19850

8.2604. Meeting on the use of R.V. R,a,STRELLIGER at IPF on 28.10 .. ~985.

8.26.50 Meeting on 'Pukat Sotong' at IPP on 6.1201985.

8.26.6. Discussions with Mr. L.a. Engvall from Bay of Bengal

Programme at IPF on 16.12.1985.

8026.7. Gave lecture on Resource .Assessment to Fisheries Assistants

attending the Induction Course at rPM on 21.7.1985.

8.26.80 The "First ~~Torking Group Meeting on the Demersal Fj ~h "in

the Southern Part of the Malacca Straits". aC Colombo,

C ; L k d ed b BOB" v from 2nd - 3rd. Octd1985. ,--,r -'- an a, ar" sponsor y.. ..

8.'26.9. The "S~"""· --'-.Lng Group Meeting on Mackert:!ls in the ".~.LdCCn Strnlt'· nt Colombo, Sri LankZl from 4th _ 9th october 1985.

8.27. Encik Mansor Mat Isa attended:

B. 2701. Meeting on Joint TOY<jing Programme in Bangkok, 'I'hulland on 11th - "'')~11 .rebruari 1985.

B.27.20 FoA.O./SEAFDSC 'Ilorkshop On shared stocks in South East

Asia in Bnngkok from 1Bth - 22nd Februari 1985.

8.27.30 A Short. Course in Economics for F;sher1'es ... and Aquaculture Scientists at UPM, Serdang from 24th June to 20th July 1985 0

8.27.4. The Second 1~lorking Group Meeting on Mackerels in the

Malacca Strnits, at Colombo, Sri Lanka from 2nd _ 9th october 1985.

- 75 -

8.28. Encik Alios b. Man attended:

8.2801. Meeting on the Economic Feasibility of Commercial trawlers

in the off-shore waters at Fisheries Office, Johore Baru

on 28 .. 3 0 1985.

8.28.2. fIIeeting on "Fish Aggregntina Devices (PAD) and Payaos'

at Ipr on 11.7.1985.

8.28.3. Meeting on the Assessment of Deep-sea Resources using

the F.A.O. Vessel R.V. RASTRFLLIGER at IFP on ~Oo9.1985o

8.28 • .4. Meeting on the Economic Feasibility of Commercial trawlers

at IPP. on 20.9.1985 and 5.10.19850

~.28.5. Meetinq on the P.conomic Feasibility of Commercial Trawlers

at HQ -Kuala Lumpur on 1.10.1985.

8 0 28 .. 60 Calibration cruise by R.V."RASTRBLLIGF.:R" on the East COi3st

of Peninsular Malaysia from 28th. october to 2nd November

1985.

8.28.7. Meeting on the use of PAYAOS and Purse-seiners at IPP

on 20 0 110 1985.

8.29. Encik ~~ohd Taupek b. Hj. Mohd Nasir attended the following:-

8.29 0 1 0 The T~lorkshop on the use of microcomputers in Fi,hery

science at UOM, Serdang from 22nd - 27th April 1985.1

8.29.2. A course on Introduction to Computers at INTAN t Kuala

Lumpur from lRth to 24th August 1985.

8.29.30 Meeting on Deep-Sea Resource Survey using R.V!RASTRELLIGFR'

at IPP, Pennng on 28th october 1985.

- 76 -

8.30. Encik Rosidi Ali attended the following:-

8.30 01" Neeting on By-catch Excluder Device (BEr'l) and study on

"pukat Satong" at Ipf' Glugor on 1~.1019R5 and 25 .. 1 .19850

8.30 0 2. ~rleetinq on Economic Feasibility of Commercial Trawlers

fishing in 70ne C at I~P Glugor on 13.3. 1985.

8.3003. Meeting on tAe study of Tuna Resources in the EFZ waters

at IPP Glugor on 13.3.19R5.

8.30.4. Meeting on the use of P~YAO's at IPP Glugor on 6.9.1985.

8 0 30 0 5. ~eeting on the use of POMPANG fishing gear at IPP Glugor

un 6th - 7th December 1985.

8 031e t::ncik Mohd Akhir b. /\rshad attended the T?sk :Force Meeting on

Research and Development of Fishing Gear~ on 5th - 6th May 1985

and 1st - 2nd september 1985.

8.32. Clk l'~uhyam bt JIIIahd Isa attended the following:

8.320 1 0 v.!orkshop on Use of Microcomputers for Fisheries Science

at University pertnnian Malay!!ia in Serdang, selangor frolJl

22nd to 27th ~pril 1985.

e .. 3 2 Q 2 0 r.~eetinq with BOBP expert on the use of BaBFUlS (Bay of

Bengal Fisheries Information System) Programme at IPP

Glugor from 17th - 20th July 19850

8.32.3. ~e~ting of Committee on Technical publications at HO

Kuala Lumpur on 22.10.1985.

8 0 32 0 4. l- Short-term course on BOBFINS Programme with BOBP

Expert from 28th November - 2nd December 1985 Q

- 77 -

8.33 0 Punn Chee Phaik 8an attended the following~-

8 0 33.10 "Yursus Fengenalan kepildn pengurusan dan Kursus Analisa

Kuantitatif, at JPT!l\] , Kuala Lumpur from 4th Februari

to 19th March "985 0

8.33.20 Conference of Sehior Fisheries Officers at Hotel Orchard

Sun, ~e~~ng from 15th - 17th April 1985 0

8 033 0 3 0 participated in the Practical Training for samplers -

at MedantPenang/nhuket sponsored by Bay of Bengal Progrnmme

from "9th May - 30th r·~ay "985 0

8 0 340 F,ncik tbdul Hamid yasin attended the following:-

8,,3401 0 Y,lorkshop on "Shtll'ed stocks in the South t:ast-Asian Region"

at Bangkok, Tahiland from 17th - 22nd Februari 1985 under

the sponsorship of F.A.O. and SBAFDEC o

e0 34 0 20 The Senior Officers Conference at Orchard Sun Hotel, Penang

from 15th - 20th. April 1985.

8.34 0 3 0 The course on "Pisheries Oceanography in the 'ATestern pacific

Ocean" with F,ncik Kamaruddin, at Bangkok, Thailand from

6th - 21st May 19850

8.~5o Encik AoA. Jothyattended:

8.350 1 0 Seminar on Biodegradable Detergents, Kuala Lumpur,

70201985 (with Liong rit Chong).

8035020 Meeting on .lI.rtificial Reef Development in Sarawak,

Yuching, 8.201985 and in Ministry of Jlgrjculture, KunIa

Lumpur on 16 .. 8. 1 985 ..

8.35 0 3 .. Heeting on Cockle Depuration with A.FHP consultant, Dr~

po/,yres, IPP Penanq, 6.3 0 ''1985 (with Ismail Ishak) ..

- 78 -

8 8D35~4o r~eeting on Marine Parks and Reserves, H0, Kuala Lumpur,

1103~1985.

8 0 35.5 .. Meeting on 0hellfish SanHation with SEl-.FDEC/r4FRD officials,

IPP Penanq, 18.3.1985 (with Ismail Ishak).

8.35 0 6. Meeting on She:ilfish Toxicity in Sabah, Koto Kinabalu,

20.3.1985.

8.35 0 7. Fisheries Officers Conference, Penang 15 - 17.4.1985 (with

l~Tong Fai Hung and Ismail Ishak).

8.35.80 Meetinq of National I.O.Co Committee during the visit of the

I.O.C. Secretary, Dr. H. Ruivo, Kuala Lumpur 26.4.1985 ..

8 0 35.90 3rd International Conference on Toxic Dinoflagellates,

At. ~ndrews, Canada, 4 - 13.6.1~85.

8.350100 LO.C. workshop on Cooperation in the Central Indian

Ocean Region and Adjacent Seas and Gulfs on the Development

of r11lrine Sciences for the benefit of Countries in the

region, Colombo, Sr i L<'lnK-a, 9 - 14" 7 • 1985 •

8 0 35 0 110 Dialogue with the state J\griculture Committee of Terenaganu

on IIrtificial Reef Development in Tereng(Tanu Tr1aters, Ministry

of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur, 29.7 .. 1985.

8.3501.20 ".10rkshop on Oil Dispersants in the Combat of oil Spills

.at sea, Kuala Lumpur, 3.1.0.1985.

8 0 35 0 "13., Revi.ew MeetinQ of UNEP Project FI\S 202 on Cooperative

Research ~n oil and Oil Dispersant Toxicity Testing, Sydney,

Australia, 12 - 22.11.1985 (!ith Velu Murugan).

- 79 -

8 036. Bncik Liang Pit Chong attended~

8.36,1. t"eetinq on a Pish Culture Programme at Paya Chong,

eeber<lng Prai Tengnh, 8.4.1985.

8.36 0 20 Meeting of the Technic~l Committee on Publications,

HO, I<"uala Lumpur, 11.6.19R5 0

8.37. Bncik lrTong Pai Hung attended~

8 .. 37 .. 1. Neeting of Committee on Artificial Reef Development, Alar

star, 5.201985, Fisheries Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur on

12.8.1985.

8.37 0 2. Meeting on Technical Committee on Marihe parks, HQ Kuala

Lumpur, 8.6.1985.

8.37.3" ,/';SEAN/T\.IMS/.lI.D-AB rrTorkshop on Coral Reef f1ethodology,

Townsville, l\ustralia, 31.8.85 - 22.10.1985.

8.37.4" Meeting on ASf,AN-Austrnlia Cooperative programme on Marine

Sciende, UPM Ser~lang, 9.1" .1985.

8.37.5 0 Meeting on steering Committee on the establishment of a

Marine Park at the paya/Lembu/Kaca/Segantang group of'

islands in Kedah, HQ Kuala Lumpur, 13.1101985.

8.37 0 6 0 Meeting of the Manngement CommittAe on ASEAN-Jl.ustraUa

programme on Marine Science, Penanq, 3 - 6012.19850

8.38. Encik Ismail Ishak attended~

8.3801. CIDA Meeting on Quality Control and Fish Inspection,

Manila, Philippines, 7 - 10.6.1985.

8.38.20 CrDA Tt:aining Course on pos~ Harvest Handling and

Quality Control, vancouver, Canada, 28 0 6.1985 - 14 0 901985.

- 80 -

8 0 38 0 3 0 Meeting of Joint Committee on ~onitorinq of Seawater.

Quality, DOE Kuala Lumpur, 12.1101985.

8039 0 Encik Sukurno Wagimi3n attended the UNDP/UNESCO Truining Course on

life history of selected species of flora and ~Duna in Mangrove

Ecosyste~s, Bungkok, Thi3ili3nd, 2 - 16.10.1985 0

80400 Encik Abdul Ruzak Latun uttended the wc:STHiC Training Horkshop

on Red Tides, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,

14 - 23 ... 301985 0

8041. Miss Shahunthala Devi attended the Meeting on Nater Quality

Criter:a and standards, DOE, Kuala Lumpur 16.1101985 0

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