annual report-2013-14 by moef

Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate ChangeGovernment of India

ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14

(http://moef.gov.in)

Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change

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CONTENTSSl. Chapter Page No.No.

Role and Mandate of the Ministry v

1. Natural Resources - Survey and Exploration 1

2. Conservation 47

3. Environmental Impact Assessment 139

4. Abatement of Pollution 145

5 Conservation of Water Bodies 205

6. Regeneration and Eco-development 221

7. Research 237

8. Education and Awareness 293

9. Centres of Excellence 333

10. Fellowships and Awards 353

11. Environmental Information 361

12. Legislation and Institutional Support 375

13. Sustainable Development and Climate Change 379

14. International Cooperation 397

15. Administration and Civil Construction 413

16. Plan Coordination and Budget 427

Annexures 434

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Annual Report 2013-2014

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ROLE AND MANDATE

OF THE MINISTRY


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Role and Mandate of the Ministry

Role of the Ministry

The Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) is the nodal agency in the Central Government for overseeing the implementation of Indias environment and forest policies and programmes relating to conservation of the countrys natural resources including lakes and rivers, its biodiversity, forests and wildlife, ensuring the welfare of animals and prevention and abatement of pollution. While implementing these policies and programmes, the Ministry is guided by the principle of sustainable development.

The Ministry is also the nodal agency for the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme (SACEP), International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). The Ministry also coordinates with multilateral bodies such as the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), Global Environment

Facility (GEF) and regional bodies such as Economic and Social Council for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) and South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) on matters pertaining to environment.

The broad objectives of the Ministry are:

l Conservation and survey of flora, fauna, forests and wildlife,

l Prevention and control of pollution,

l Afforestation and regeneration of degraded areas,

l Protection of the environment, and

l Ensuring the welfare of animals.

These objectives are well supported by a set of legislative and regulatory measures, aimed at the preservation, conservation and protection of the environment. Besides the legislative measures, a National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Development, 1992, National Forest Policy, 1988, a Policy Statement on Abatement of Pollution, 1992 and a National Environment Policy, 2006 also guide the Ministrys work.


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The organization structure of the Ministry indicating various Divisions and its autonomous and subordinate offices is given at Annexure- I-A & I-B.

Mandate of the Ministry

Allocation of Business

l Environment and Ecology, including environment in coastal waters, in mangroves and coral reefs but excluding marine environment on the high seas.

l Survey and Exploration of Natural Resources particularly of Forest, Flora, Fauna, Ecosystems etc.

l Bio-diversity Conservation including that of lakes and wetlands.

l Conservation, development, management and abatement of pollution of rivers which shall include National River Conservation Directorate.

l Environmental Impact Assessment.

l Environment research and development, education, training, information and awareness.

l Environmental Health.

l Forest Development Agency and Joint Forest Management Programme for conservation, management and afforestation.

l Wildlife conservation, preservation, protection planning, research, education, training and awareness including Project Tiger and Project Elephant.

l International co-operation on issues concerning Environment, Forestry and Wildlife.

l Botanical Survey of India and Botanical Gardens.

l Zoological Survey of India.

l National Museum of Natural History.

l Biosphere Reserve Programme.

l National Forest Policy and Forestry Development in the country including Social Forestry.

l All matters relating to Forest and Forest Administration in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

l Indian Forest Service.

l Wild Life Preservation and protection of wild birds and animals.

l Fundamental and applied research and training including higher education in forestry.

l Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park.

l Nat ional Ass istance to Forestr y Development Schemes.

l Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute, Bangalore.

l Afforestation and Eco-development which shall include National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board.

l Desert and Desertification.

l Forest Survey of India.

l Indian Institute of Bio-diversity, Itanagar.

l Central Pollution Control Board.

l G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development.

l Wildlife Institute of India and Indian Board for Wildlife.

l Indian Institute of Forest Management.

l Central Zoo Authority including National Zoological Park.

l Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.


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l Andaman and Nicobar Islands Forest and Plantation Development Corporation Limited.

l Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

l Matters relating to pounds and cattle trespass.

l Gaushalas and Gausadans.

l The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 (59 of 1960).

l The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995 (27 of 1995).

l The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997 (22 of 1997).

l The Water Prevention and Control of Pollution Act, 1974 (6 of 1974).

l The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 (36 of 1977).

l The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981).

l The Indian Forest Act, 1927 (16 of 1927).

l The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972).

l The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (69 of 1980).

l The Environment (Protection), Act, 1986 (29 of 1986).

l The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 (6 of 1991).

CHAPTER-1

NATURAL RESOURCES -

SURVEY AND EXPLORATION


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Survey of Flora

Botanical Survey of India

Introduction

The Botanical Survey of India (BSI) is the apex research organization under the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India for carrying out taxonomic and floristic studies on wild plant resources of the country through Survey, Documentation and Conservation.

Primary objectives of BSI

E x p l o r a t i o n , i n v e n t o r y i n g a n d documentation of phytodiversity (including non-flowering plants) in general and protected areas, hotspots, fragile ecosystems and sacred groves in particular; publication of National, State and District Floras.

Identification of Red list species and species rich areas needing conservation; ex situ conservation of critically threatened taxa in botanical gardens.

Survey and documentation of traditional knowledge associated with plants.

Develop a National database of Indian plants, including herbarium specimens, live specimens, botanical paintings, illustrations, etc.

Secondary objectives

Revisionary/Monographic studies on selected plant groups.

Qualitative analysis of nutritive value of ethno-food plants and other economically useful species.

Capacity building in plant taxonomy through refresher courses and post M.Sc. certificate course.

Environment Impact Assessment of areas assigned to BSI for study.

Develop and maintain Botanical Gardens, Museums and Herbaria.

Preparation of Seed, Pollen and Spore Atlas of Indian Plants.

Activities undertaken so far

Survey and exploration of about 70 per cent of the total geographical areas of the country has been completed for vascular plants. This has resulted into a Repository of over three million National Reference Collections of plant specimens with 19100 type specimens.

One new family, 36 new genera and 1,104 new species, subspecies, varieties have been discovered as new to science.

Inventorying of about 1,700 Rare, Endangered and Threatened (RET ) species.

Live collection of over 1.5 lakh plants in Indian Botanic Garden, Botanic Garden of Indian Republic and associated botanic gardens and National Orchidaria of regional offices.

Fig-1. Water Lilly (nelumbo nucifera)

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Flora of India series 3: District (26) Flora (34 vols.).

Flora of India series 4: Red Data Book of Indian Plants and Red List species of India (5 vols.) and 140 titles dealing with various thematic topics related to Indian flora.

Periodicals: Records of the Botanical Survey of India (23 vols.); Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India (55 vols.); Vanaspati Vani (22 vols.) and ENVIS Newsletter (18 vols.).

Progress/achievements made during the year (up to Dec., 2013)

A. B o t a n i c a l E x p l o r a t i o n & Inventorisation of Plant diversity

Field tours and Herbarium consultation tours

Seventy Five field tours for collection of plant specimens/materials for floristic, ethnobotanical and pharmacognostical studies on flowering and non-flowering plants were undertaken by different regional centre and units of BSI covering the following regions, including four biodiversity hotspot, viz. the Himalaya, the Indo-Burma, Sundaland and the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka. These include 26 protected areas and 07 Sacred Groves. In addition, 09 tours for the collections of live germplasm were also undertaken in these areas.

Western Himalaya: Uttarakhand (in and around Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary, Namik and Hiramani glacier valleys, Pithoragarh, Kumaon);

Eastern Himalaya: Arunachal Pradesh (Lohit district, Changlang district and Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary); Sikkim (Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary and

Flowering plants of 7 Biosphere Reserves, 32 National Parks and 23 Tiger Reserves have been documented till date.

EIA studies on the impact of over 100 developmental projects on flora have been completed.

Traditional knowledge, on plants, associated with all tribes belonging to 41 districts of Bihar Jharkhand, Karnataka, Orissa and Rajasthan, and over 114 tribes belonging to Andaman & Nicobar, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal and West Bengal have been documented. 17 books of Ethnobotany have been published by BSI till date.

Over 110 research scholars have been trained in different aspects of plant systematics, leading to the award of Doctorate degree by various Indian Universities.

Over 3 million herbarium specimens of India & nearly 2 lakhs of them from different adjoining countries and rest of the World in 12 internationally recognized herbaria. These includes 16 thousand type specimens (original material based on species new to science and

Over 18 thousand exhibits, tannins, dyes, oils, fibres, timbers, medicinal, beverages, vegetables, food, and tribal artifacts in Kolkata and all Research Centres.

Publications made so far

Flora of India series 1: Flora of India (9 vols.); Fascicles of Flora of India (24 vols.).

Flora of India series 2: State/UT Flora [complete for 16 States/UTs (29 vols.), partially complete for 9 states (12 vols.)].


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different areas of North Sikkim & South Sikkim);

NorthEast India: Assam (Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary); Mizoram (Murlen National Park);

Arid Semi Arid: Haryana (Sultanpur National Park and Kalesar National Park); Gujarat (Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Dang District); Rajasthan (Jamwa Ramgarh Wildlife Sanctuary);

Gangetic Plains: Uttar Pradesh (Upper Ganga Ramsar Site); Bihar & Jharkhand (Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary, Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary, Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary, Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin wildlife Sanctuary, Rajmahal hills, Pakur, Godda, Sahibganj, Dumka and Deogarh districts); West Bengal (Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary, Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary); Orissa (Koraput, Jajpur and Balasore);

Deccan Peninsula: Chattisgarh (Surguja & Korba area); Andhra Pradesh (Mamillapalli and Maddimadugu sections of Kadapa range of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Amarabad, Mannanur, Achampet and Lingal ranges of Achampet division of Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Wildlife Sanctuary);

W e s t e r n G h a t s : M a h a r a s h t r a (Koyana Wildlife Sanctuary, Chandoli Wildlife Sanctuary for ferns, Junnar, Harishchandragarh, Ganesh kind, Karzat, Matheran, Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Alibag and Phansad Wild Life Sanctuary for follicolous fungi); Karnataka (Sharavathi valley Wildlife Sanctuary, Shimoga and Bil igirirangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary); Tamil Nadu (Srivilliputhur Wildlife Sanctuary);

Coastal Region: Kerala (Coastal area and Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary);

Andaman & Nicobar Islands: S. Andaman (Rani Jhansi Marine National Park);

Apart from that 28 herbarium consultation/study tours were also conducted for identification of specimens/authentication of identifications.

During these field tours, 9,541 (incl. 1976 of non-flowering plants) specimens were collected, out of which 8,204 specimens were identified into 4,201 species, subspecies and varieties. This resulted into the discovery of 28 species and 01 variety as new to science; 39 species and 01 subspecies as new to India and 122 new distributional records for different geographic regions/ states.

Plants collected after more than 50 years

Dendrobium treutleri (Hook.f.) Schuit. & Peter B.Adams (Orchidaceae) was collected from Dullong Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur district, Assam in 2012 after a lapse of 122 years after its first collection in 1890 by Treutler from Sikkim. The species is introduced and growing in botanical garden of BSI/ERC/Shillong.

Salix obscura Andersson (Salicaceae) has been collected from Lachung Valley in North Sikkim in 2006 and again in 2008 after a gap of nearly 121 years since its Fig-2. Bergenia ciliata

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New Discoveries (New to science) Species/Varieties (Angiosperms 20; Lichen 1; Fungi 8)

Caloplaca gyrophorica Jagadeesh, Y. Joshi & G.P. Sinha ................................................................................................... TeloschistaceaeChrysosplenium arunachalense M. Bhaumik ............................................................................................................................ SaxifragaceaeColocasia boyceana R. Gogoi & S. Borah ................................................................................................................................................ AraceaeColocasia dibangensis R. Gogoi & S. Borah ............................................................................................................................................ AraceaeColocasia lihengiae R. Gogoi & S. Borah ................................................................................................................................................. AraceaeEragrostis collinensis C.P. Vivek, G.V.S. Murthy & V.J. Nair ..................................................................................................................PoaceaeEragrostis minor Host var. rajasthanensis C.P.Vivek, G.V.S.Murthy & V.J.Nair ............................................................................PoaceaeEriocaulon kannurense Sunil et al. ................................................................................................................................................EriocaulaceaeGalium kulluense An.Kumar, Ranjan & S.C.Srivastava ....................................................................................................................RubiaceaeImpatiens lohitensis Gogoi & Borah ...........................................................................................................................................BalsaminaceaeInonotus ryvardenii J. R. Sharma and D. Mishra ........................................................................................................... HymenochaetaceaeKamalomyces mahabaleshwarensis R.Dubey & A.M.Neelima ..............................................................................................TubeufiaceaeLemna landoltii Halder & Venu ........................................................................................................................................................... LemnaceaeMacrosolen andamanensis Lal Ji Singh ...................................................................................................................................... LoranthaceaeMuhlenbergia rakchamesis. S. Arumugam, G.V.S.Murthy & V.J.Nair .............................................................................................PoaceaeMusa indandamanensis Lal Ji Singh .................................................................................................................................................... MusaceaeMusa markkui R. Gogoi & S. Borah ....................................................................................................................................................... Musaceae Musa puspanjaliae R. Gogoi & Hakkinen ........................................................................................................................................... Musaceae Poronia radicata M.E.Hembrom, A.Parihar & K.Das ....................................................................................................................XylariaceaePternopetalum arunachalense M. Bhaumik & P. Satyanar. .............................................................................................................ApiaceaeRussula dubdiana K. Das, Atri & Buyck ..........................................................................................................................................RussulaceaeRussula sharmae K. Das, Atri & Buyck .............................................................................................................................................RussulaceaeRussula sikkimensis K. Das, Atri & Buyck ........................................................................................................................................RussulaceaeSonerila veldkampiana, Ratheesh et al. ..............................................................................................................................MelastomataceaeStachybotrys citri R.Dubey & A.K.Pandey .................................................................................................................................... Dematiaceae Striga scottiana Jeeva,Shyn. Brintha&Rasingam ..........................................................................................................ScrophulariaceaeStrobilomyces sikkimensis K. Das ......................................................................................................................................................... BoletaceaeToxicodendron bimannii Barbhuiya ............................................................................................................................................AnacardiaceaeVolutella rauwolfii R.Dubey & A.K.Pandey .................................................................................................................................. Dematiaceae

New records for India (Species / Varieties)Acarocybellina arengae (Matsush.) Subram. .................................................................................................................................Ascomycota Acrolejeunea pusilla (Steph.) Grolle & Gradst. ...........................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeArgostemma timorense Miq. ...................................................................................................................................................................RubiaceaeCentratherum punctatum Cass. subsp. punctatum .....................................................................................................................AsteraceaeCeratostylis radiata J.J. Sm. ................................................................................................................................................................ OrchidaceaeCololejeunea chenii Tixer ...................................................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeCololejeunea pluridentata P.C.Wu & J.S.Lou ................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeCordia boissieri A. DC. ...................................................................................................................................................................... BoraginaceaeCyrtosia nana (Rolfe ex Downie) Garay ......................................................................................................................................... OrchidaceaeDendrophthoe glabrescens (Blakely) Barlow ............................................................................................................................. LoranthaceaeGalium asperifolium var. lasiocarpum W.C. Chen ............................................................................................................................RubiaceaeGastrodia javanica (Bl.) Lindl. ............................................................................................................................................................ OrchidaceaeHymenochaete murina Bres ................................................................................................................................................ HymenochaetaceaeIchnanthus pallens (Sw.) Munro ex Benth. .............................................................................................................................................PoaceaeInocutis texana (Murrill) S. Martnez .............................................................................................................................. HymenochaetaceaeInonotus juniperinus Murrill.............................................................................................................................................. HymenochaetaceaeInonotus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilt ........................................................................................................................... HymenochaetaceaeInonotus ochroporus (Van der Byl) Pegler ...................................................................................................................... HymenochaetaceaeInonotus porrectus Murrill ................................................................................................................................................. HymenochaetaceaeInonotus tamaricis (Pat.) Maire .......................................................................................................................................... HymenochaetaceaeJuncus kangdingensis K.F. Wu .................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus longiflorus (A.Camus) Noltie ....................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus milashanensis A. M. Lu & Z. Y. Zhang .....................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus setchuensis Buchenau ................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeMutinus bambusinus (Zoll.) E. Fisch. ...................................................................................................................................................PhallaceaeOrnithochilus yingjiangensis Z. H. Tsi .............................................................................................................................................. OrchidaceaePavetta glenei Hook. f. ..............................................................................................................................................................................RubiaceaePhallus atrovovatus Kreisel & Calonge ..............................................................................................................................................Phallaceae


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Phellinus calcitratus (Berk. & Curt.) Ryv ........................................................................................................................... HymenochaetaceaePhellinus sanctigeogii (Pat.) Ryv. ........................................................................................................................................ HymenochaetaceaePhysopella hiratsukae (Syd.) Cummins & Ramachar ................................................................................................................ DematiaceaePseudolepicolea fryei (Perss.) Grolle & Ando ............................................................................................................... PseudolepicoleaceaeRadula retroflexa Taylor ......................................................................................................................................................................... RadulaceaeRubus cooperi D.G. Long ............................................................................................................................................................................RosaceaeRubus polyodontus Hand.-Mazz. .............................................................................................................................................................RosaceaeRubus quinquefoliolatus T.T. Yu & L.T. Lu ...............................................................................................................................................RosaceaeStreblus elongatus (Miq.) Corner. ...........................................................................................................................................................MoraceaeTylopilus pseudoscaber (Secretan) Smith & Thiers ........................................................................................................................ BoletaceaeVernonia amygdalina Delile .................................................................................................................................................................. AsteraceaeVizellaole ariae Swart .......................................................................................................................................................................... Ascomycetes

New Record for Region / State HimalayasCololejeunea nilgiriensis G.Asthana & S.C.Srivast. ....................................................................................................................Lejeuneaceae

North Eastern RegionBrachiaria semiundulata (Hochst.) Stapf ................................................................................................................................................PoaceaeCleisostoma tenuifolium (L.) Garay .................................................................................................................................................. OrchidaceaeClerodendrum paniculatum L. .......................................................................................................................................................... VerbenaceaeSalix psilostigma Andersson ...................................................................................................................................................................Salicaceae

Andaman & Nicobar IslandsAcriopsis liliifolia (J.Koenig) Ormerod ............................................................................................................................................ OrchidaceaeApostasia wallichii R. Br. ...................................................................................................................................................................... OrchidaceaeCheilolejeunea trapezia (Nees) Kachroo & R.M.Schust. ..........................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeCololejeunea floccosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn. ..................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeCololejeunea latilobula (Herzog) Tixier ........................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeCololejeunea planissima (Mitt.) Abeyw. .......................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeCololejeunea pseudoplagiophylla P.C.Wu & J.S.Lou .................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeCololejeunea udarii G.Asthana & S.C.Srivast. .............................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeColura leratii (Steph.) Steph. ............................................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeCosmostigma racemosum (Roxb.)Wight.................................................................................................................................. AsclepiadaceaeCryptostylis arachnites (Blume) Hassk. ........................................................................................................................................... OrchidaceaeDendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew ................................................................................................................................................... UrticaceaeDrepanolejeunea pentadactyla (Mont.) Steph. .........................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeEleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult ............................................................................................................................................... CyperaceaeFrullanoides tristis (Steph.) Slageren .............................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeLaportea interrupta (L.) Chew ............................................................................................................................................................... UrticaceaeLejeunea tuberculosa Steph. ............................................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeLopholejeunea sikkimensis Steph. var. tenuicostata SushilK.Singh & D.K.Singh ............................................................LejeuneaceaeNephelaphyllum pulchrum Blume ................................................................................................................................................... OrchidaceaePlagiochila himalayana Schiffn. ................................................................................................................................................. Plagiochilaceae

Arunachal PradeshAcanthocoleus gilvus (Gottsche) Kruijt.........................................................................................................................................Lejeuneaceae Asplenium obscurum Blume ............................................................................................................................................................AspleniaceaeCleiostoma tenuifolium (L.) Garay .................................................................................................................................................OrchidaceaeColocasia lihengiae C.L. Long & K.M.Liu ..............................................................................................................................................AraceaeDrepanolejeunea pulla (Mitt.) Grolle.............................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeDryopteris cochleata (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) C.Chr. ..........................................................................................................DryopteridaceaeFrullania apiculata (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Dumort. ....................................................................................... FrullaniaceaeHeteroscyphus coalitus (Hook.) Schiffn. ..................................................................................................................................LophocoleaceaeHeteroscyphus flaccidus (Mitt.) A. Srivast. & S.C. Srivast. ...................................................................................................LophocoleaceaeImpatiens siculifer Hook.f. ..............................................................................................................................................................BalsaminaceaeJackiella javanica Schiffn. ................................................................................................................................................................. JackiellaceaeJuncus amplifolius A. Camus ..................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus articulatus L. ..................................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus benghalensis Kunth .....................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus brachystigma Sam. ......................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus cephalostigma Sam. ....................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus chrysocarpus Buchenau .............................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus clarkei Buchenau ..........................................................................................................................................................................Juncaceae

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Juncus himalensis Klotzsch .....................................................................................................................................................................Juncaceae Juncus khasiensis Buchenau ...................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus kingii Rendle ..................................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus leptospermus Buchenau ............................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus leucanthus Royle ex D. Don ......................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus nepalicus Miyam. & H. Ohba ....................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus purpusillus Sam. ............................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus rohtangensis Goel & Aswal .......................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus thomsonii Buchenau ...................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus trichophyllus W. W. Sm. ...............................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus uniflorus W. W. Sm. .......................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus wallichianus J. Gay ex Laharpe ...............................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeJuncus allioides Franch. ............................................................................................................................................................................Juncaceae Lejeunea eifrigii Mizut. .......................................................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeLejeunea pallide-virens S. Hatt. ........................................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeLejeunea princeps (Stephani) Mizut. .............................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeLeptochilus decurrens Blume forma lanceolatus .....................................................................................................................PolypodiaceaeLophocolea sikkimensis Herzog & Grolle ................................................................................................................................LophocoleaceaeLuzula oligantha Sam. .............................................................................................................................................................................JuncaceaeMicrosorium zippelli (Blume) Ching ...........................................................................................................................................PolypodiaceaeParakaempferia synantha A. S. Rao & D. M. Verma ................................................................................................................ZingiberaceaePlagiochila chinensis Steph. ......................................................................................................................................................... PlagiochilaceaePlagiochila detecta M. L. So & Grolle ......................................................................................................................................... PlagiochilaceaePlagiochila elegans Mitt. ............................................................................................................................................................... PlagiochilaceaePlagiochila parvifolia Lindenb. .................................................................................................................................................PlagiochilaceaePorella caespitans (Steph.) S. Hatt. .................................................................................................................................................... PorellaceaePorella acutifolia (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Trevis.................................................................................................................................... PorellaceaePorella obtusata var. macroloba (Stephani) S. Hatt. ..................................................................................................................... PorellaceaeRadula madagascariensis Gottsche ................................................................................................................................................. RadulaceaeSalix psilostigma Andersson ..................................................................................................................................................................SalicaceaeScapania ciliatospinosa Horik. ........................................................................................................................................................ScapaniaceaeScapania contorta Mitt. .....................................................................................................................................................................ScapaniaceaeScapania ferruginea (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Gottsche ..................................................................................................................ScapaniaceaeScapania ligulata Steph. ...................................................................................................................................................................ScapaniaceaeTricarpelema chinense D. Y. Hong ............................................................................................................................................Commelinaceae

AssamClerodendrum paniculatum L. .......................................................................................................................................................... Verbenaceae

Bihar Solanum diphyllum L. ..............................................................................................................................................................................SolanaceaeMalva parviflora L. ..................................................................................................................................................................................... MalvaceaeCyrtococcum patens (L.)A. Camus .............................................................................................................................................................Poaceae

Goa Gymnema khandalense Santapau ................................................................................................................................................. Apocynaceae

Gujarat Cissus elongata Roxb. ssp. elongata Maina ........................................................................................................................................ Vitaceae

MaharashtraMicrolepia speluncae (L.) T. Moore .......................................................................................................................................Dennstaedtiaceae

MizoramAglaia perviridis Hiern ............................................................................................................................................................................... MeliaceaeBrachiaria semiundulata (Hochst.) Stapf ................................................................................................................................................PoaceaeDigitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl. ......................................................................................................................................................PoaceaeDigitaria violascens Link ...............................................................................................................................................................................PoaceaeDiplazium dilatatum Blume .................................................................................................................................................................AthyriaceaeEragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees ..............................................................................................................................................................PoaceaeFissistigma bicolor (Roxb.) Merr. ....................................................................................................................................................AnnonaceaeLophatherum gracile Brongn. ....................................................................................................................................................................PoaceaeOplismenus burmanii (Retz.) P. Beauv. .....................................................................................................................................................PoaceaePhyrma leptostachya L. .........................................................................................................................................................................PhrymaceaeSelaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring ................................................................................................................................................. SelaginellaceaeSelaginella vaginata Sprin ............................................................................................................................................................ Selaginellaceae


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last collection from Lachen by Robert Pantling in 1885. Prior to that, the species was originally collected from Lachen by Sir J.D. Hooker in 1849.

Sonerila andamanensis Stapf & King (Melastomataceae) has been collected from Saddle Peak National Park in North Andaman in 1976, after a gap of nearly 92 years. It was again collected from Mt. Harriet National Park in South Andaman the type locality of the species, in 1989. Prior to that the species was last collected from Mt. Harriet in 1884 by Kings Collectors.

B. Documentation of Plant Diversity

National Flora (Flora of India)

Taxonomic description for 142 species of flowering plants (towards family

Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. ..................................................................................................................................................................PoaceaeThemeda arundinacea (Roxb.) A. Camus ...............................................................................................................................................PoaceaeThemeda caudata (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) A. Camus ..........................................................................................................................PoaceaeVittaria zosterifolia Willd. ......................................................................................................................................................................Vittariaceae

NagalandPertusaria petrophyes C. Knight ...................................................................................................................................................Pertusariaceae

RajasthanTonospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. ..............................................................................................................................................Menispermaceae

SikkimRetiboletus ornatipes (Peck) Binder & Bresinsky ............................................................................................................................ BoletaceaeBoletus rubripes Thiers ............................................................................................................................................................................ BoletaceaeTemnoma setigerum (Lindenb.) R.M.Schust. ............................................................................................................... PseudolepicoleaceaeBzzania bidentula (Steph.) Steph. ex Yasuda ............................................................................................................................LepidoziaceaeDendrobazzania griffithiana (Steph.) R.M.Schust. & W.B.Schofield ...................................................................................LepidoziaceaeCephaloziella dentifolia Udar & Ad. Kumar ........................................................................................................................ CephaloziellaceaeCephaloziella magna Udar & V. Nath ................................................................................................................................... CephaloziellaceaePorella caespitans(Steph.) S.Hatt. var. caespitans .......................................................................................................................PorellaceaePorella obtusata (Taylor) Trevis. var. macroloba (Steph.) S.Hatt. & Zhang .......................................................................... PorellaceaeRadula madagascarensis Steph. ......................................................................................................................................................... RadulaceaeCololejeunea ceratilobula (P.C.Chen) R.M.Schust. .....................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeCololejeunea chenii Tixier .................................................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeCololejeunea serrulata Steph. ..........................................................................................................................................................LejeuneaceaeDrepanolejeunea pulla (Mitt.) Grolle .............................................................................................................................................Lejeuneaceae

Tamil NaduDendrophthoe glabrescens (Blakely) Barlow .............................................................................................................................. Loranthaceae

UttarakhandCeratocephala falcata (L.) Pers. ....................................................................................................................................................RanunculaceaeGalium asperifolium var. lasiocarpum W.C. Chen ............................................................................................................................RubiaceaeLindelofia longiflora var. levingii (C.B. Clarke) Brand................................................................................................................ Boraginaceae

West BengalPertusaria psoromica A. W. Archer & Elix ...................................................................................................................................Pertusariaceae

Memecylaceae & Bignoniaceae; subfamily Cypripedioideae; tribe Vernonieae; subtribe Habenarinae & Sporobolinae and genera Fimbristylis, Festuca & Kobresia) and 36 spp. of nonflowering plants (families Pertusariaceae, Graphidaceae, Hymenochaetaceae and genera Athyrium, Lepisorus) have been completed. The manuscript of Tribe Cercideae subtribe Bauhiniinae (Benth.) Walp. was submitted for publication and that of subtribe Habenarinae in India and Endemic Angiosperms of India are being finalized.

Regional/State/District Flora

Taxonomic descriptions for 1,201 taxa of flowering plants (towards the flora of Landfall Island (Andaman & Nicobar Islands); Lohit, Kameng, Lower Dibang Valley districts (Arunachal Pradesh); Impatiens of Arunachal

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Pradesh; Flora of Bihar; Flora of Jharkhand; Wetland flora of Bihar from Buxar to Katihar; Grasses & bamboos of E. India; Flora of Upper Ganga Ramsar site; Flora of Chhattisgarh; Grasses of Odisha; Gesneriaceae of NE India; Flora of Uttarakhand, Vols. 2, 3 & 4; Flora of Sikkim, Vol. 2; Endemic orchids of Maharashtra and 172 taxa of non flowering plants towards Algal flora of Jharkhand; Liverworts & hornworts of Mizoram; Liverworts & hornworts of Anjaw and West Siang districts (Arunachal Pradesh); Mosses of Darjeeling district; Lichens of Rajasthan, Kutch and Gujarat; Wild mushrooms of North Sikkim; Wood-rotting Fungi of Rajmahal hills; Wood-rotting Fungi of Koderma WLS; Pteridophytic flora of Sikkim and Maharashtra have been completed. The manuscripts of (i) Flora of West Bengal Vol. II and (ii) Flora of UP, Vol. III were submitted for publication.

Flora of Protected Areas

Taxonomic descriptions for 1123 taxa of flowering plants towards Rani Jhansi Marine N.P., Andaman & Nicobar Islands; Gautam Budha WLS, Palkot WLS, Koderma WLS (Jharkhand); Jaldapara WLS, Buxa WLS (West Bengal); Shoolpaneshwar WLS (Gujarat); Seshachalam B.R. and Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam WLS (Andhra Pradesh); Phawngpui N.P., Murlen N.P. (Mizoram); Laukhowa WLS, Ranga, Kokoi & Dulung R.F. (Assam); Siju WLS, Baghmara Pither Plant WLS, Balpakhram N.P. (Meghalaya); Sultanpur N.P. and Kalesar N.P. (Haryana); Singba Rhododendron Sanctuary (Sikkim); Sharavathi Valley WLS (Karnataka), Malabar WLS (Kerala) and Koyana WLS (Maharashtra) have been completed. Manuscripts of (i) Flora of Barnadi WLS (Assam) & (ii) Flora of Great Indian Bustard WLS (Maharashtra) were submitted for publication.

C. Documentation of Indegenous Knowledge of Plant Resources

Various ethno-botanical uses, like healthcare, food, oil, fuel wood, timber, fodder & forage, socio-religious, rope-making, agricultural implements, biofencing, insecticide/ pesticide, piscicide, gum, beverage, musical instruments, etc., associated with plants from Dang district of Gujarat and Balasore & Koraput districts of Odisha have been recorded. Manuscript Traditional knowledge associated with plants of Junagarh district, Gujarat, comprising 241 species, is being finalized.

D. Ex-Situ Conservation

About 3,027 saplings, seeds, propagules belonging to 432 species of rare, threatened, endemic and economic plant species, including wild relatives of cultivated plants, aquatic plants, orchids, palms, canes, bamboos, ferns and fern-allies, etc., were collected for introduction in AJC Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah and associated botanic gardens of different Regional Centre.

E. Micro-Propagation of Threatened Species

Cultures of Cymbidium tigrinum and Ilex khasiana have been maintained and multiplied. Axenic seed germination of Armodorum senapatianum have been initiated. In vitro propagation protocol has been standardized for the callus, multiple shoots, and root induction in Eremostachys superba. Callusing has been induced in Pittosporum eriocarpum. Seed viability and germination percentage in Eremostachys superba, Pitosporum eriocarpum and Indopiptadenia oudhensis has been studied.


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Ultra morphological study of different parts of E. superba plants, such as cottony hairs, leaf glandular hairs and stomata, hairs of the apical tuft of seed and pollen has been carried out under SEM.

F. Studies of Nutritional Values of Wild Edible Plants of Meghalaya

Six wild edible plants collected from Meghalaya were analyzed for their nutraceutical potential under the parameters given in Table-1.

G. Repatriation of Information on Indian Plants housed in Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, Uk (K)

Images of type specimens of 102 taxa (Boeica filiformis, B. fulva, B. hirsuta, B. porosa, Tetraphyllum bengalense, Anaphalis xylorhiza, Sonneratia griffithii Kurz, Pteris vittata L., P. longifolia L., Cinnamomum filipedicellatum, C. heyneanum, C. macrocarpum, C. riparium, C. sulphuratum, C. travancoricum, C. wightii, C. heyneanum, C. perrottetii, C. walaiwarense, C. sulphuratum, Mansonia dipikae, Alocasia decipiens, Eugenia (Syzygium) discifera, Memecylon rivulare, M. angustifolium var. attenuata, M. angustifolium var. riparium, M. edule var. molestum, M. elongatulum/rostratum, M. grande, M. leucanthemum, M. macrocarpum, M. ovoideum, M. rostratum,

M. sylvaticum, M. thomsonii, M. wallichii, M. wightii, M. oleifolium , M. ovatum, M. caeruleum, M. expitellatum, M. garcinioides, M. globiferum, M, grande, M. hookeri, M. intermedium, M. Kurzii, M. merguicum, M. oleifolium, M. ovoideum, M. royenii, M. sisparense, M. umbellata, Santalum album, Eulophia obtuse, E. mackinnonii, Geodorum pulchellum, Knema lenta, Staurogyne arcuata, S. glauca, S. spathulata, Syzygium rotundifolium, Holotype of Horsfieldia irya, Knema corticosa var. tonkinensis, Myristica beddomei subsp. Sphaerocarpa, Crotalaria alata, C. acicularis, C. albida, C. anthylloides, C. bidiei, C. bourneae, C. capitata, C. burhia, C. calycina, C. clarkei, C. conferta, C. dubia, C. hirta, C. leptostachya, C. mysorensis, C. nana, C. obtecta var. glabrescens, C. occulta, C. orixensis, C. ovalifolia, C. ovalifolia, C. scabrella, C. priestleyoides, C. sessiliflora subsp. azarensis, C. speciosa , C. tecta, C. tetragona, C. triquetra, C. triquetra var. tetragona, Ficus tomentosa, F. scabra, F. aquatic and F. callosa, Stylosanthes guianensis var. pauciflora, S. viscosa var acutifolia, Salacia oblonga), protologues of 112 species of angiosperms, pteridophytes and bryophytes, copies of 993 pages of literature were supplied to researchers both within and outside BSI. In addition, the Indian Botanical Liason Officer (IBLO)

Table-1. Parameters used for study wild edible plants of Meghalaya

Parameter analysed Name of the Plant Local name Parts used

Proximate composition ( %)Ash Moisture Crude fibre Crude fatProtein Carbohydrate Energy content

Chenopodium album Polong Leaves

Alternanthera philoxeroides Kanchi-Sag Leaves

Zanthoxylum rhetsa Chingjal Leaves

Cajanus indicus Bethleng Leaves

Medinilla erythrophylla Shkor blang Leaves

Ardisia humilis Ja-Jew Leaves

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identified 03 species; provided distribution data of 04 species, clarified queries about correct nomenclature of 03 species and updated database of Internal Plant Names Index (IPNI) from time to time. Apart from that, the IBLO also studied more than 300 specimens of Lamiaceae, Magnoliaceae and Mysristicaceae from Indian region in the herbaria of Geneva (G) and Zurich (Z+ZT). He also attended 87 queries from Indian plant taxonomists on identification and nomenclatural issues.

H. Miscellaneous

Maintenance and enrichment of Herbaria in BSI: During the period 14,103 specimens were mounted/ remounted, 8,690 specimens were accessioned and 6094 specimens were incorporated in different herbaria..

Digitisation: 7507 herbarium specimens were bar-coded and digitized.

Public Services rendered: BSI disseminated scientific information to public and also assisted scientists, students and researchers in their pursuit of taxonomic research on plants. During the period 16,036 visitors, including scientists, students, teachers and VIPs, visited different botanic gardens, herbaria and museum of BSI. Queries on plant distribution, nomenclature, threatened and endemic taxa of different regions, etc., were attended; 1241 specimens of angiosperms, pteridophytes, bryophytes and fungi, received from students/scientists outside BSI were identified and photocopies of about 3660 pages of literature were supplied. In addition, antioxidant activities (mg/g) of 10 algae, viz. Aphanothece pallida, A. saxicola, Anabena variabilis, Lyngbya major, Nitella flagelliformis, Oedogonium globossum, Pithophora oedogonia, Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum, Scytonema ocellatum and Spirogyra communis were analysed for total

phenoloic content, total flavonoid content, total flavonol content, Radical scavenging activity (IC50) and Reducing power (AAE) in four different extracts (benzene, chloroform, acetone and methanol) outside researchers.

Scientists of AJC Bose IBG, visited the historically famous Panchabati Garden in Dakshineswar Kali Temple, Kolkata on invitation to render suggestions on revival of the garden. Temple authority was suggested on corrective measures.

Cyber-taxonomy initiative: In order to develop digital Indian Plant Diversity Information System (IPDIS), BSI has initiated the process for web-launching of all its publications (books, floras, records and journals), archival correspondences (Wallich, Roxburgh, Hooker, etc.) and rare books (not available on any of the biodiversity library sites). Under this programme, so far 2,25,000 pages have been digitized. In addition, development of e-flora of India database, have also been initiated simultaneously.

Implementing Organisation with details of Responsibilities

H e a d q u a r t e r s : P h a r m a c o g n o s y, Cryptogamy, Ecology, Plant Chemistry, Flora Cell, Palynology and Library at Howrah; Publication Unit & Technical Section at Kolkata.

Current Projects

Pharmacognosy Unit

Pharmacognostic studies on medicinal Aconites of India

Cryptogamic Unit

Liverwort & Hornwort Flora of Sikkim

Moss Flora of Darjeeling District, West Bengal


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Table-2. Statewise Status of projects undergoing during 2012-13

Name of State/UT Status (Projects undergoing during 2012)

Andaman & Nicobar Islands 1. Flora of Landfall Island Wildlife Sanctuary2. Flora of Rani Jhansi National Park3. Foliicolous lichens of Andaman Islands

Andhra Pradesh 4. Flora of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Andhra Pradesh5. Flora of Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh6. Flora of 650 Sacred Groves of Andhra Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh 7. Grass Flora of Arunachal Pradesh8. Flora of Pakhui Wild life Sanctuary, East Kameng 9. Taxonomic Study of family Polypodiaceae of NE India10. Study of Impatiens of Arunachal Pradesh11. Flora of East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh12. Flora of Lohit District, Arunachal Pradesh13. Flora of Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary

Assam 14. Flora of Ranga, Kakoi and Dullung Reserve Forests, Assam 15. Flora of Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary

Bihar 16. Wetland flora of Gangetic plains in Bihar from Buxar to Katihar17. Flora of Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary18. Flora of Bihar19. Flora of Viksarshila Gangetic Dolphin Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar

Chhattisgarh 20. Flora of Chhattisgarh

Gujarat 21. Ethnobotany of Dang District22. Flora of Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Narmada23. Lichens of Kutch and Gujarat

Haryana 24. Flora of Sultanpur National Park25. Flora of Kalesar National Park

Jharkhand 26. Flora of Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary27. Flora of Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary28. Wood Rotting Fungi of Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary29. Flora of Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary30. Algal Flora of Jharkhand31. Flora of Jharkhand

Karnataka 32. Flora of Sharavathi valley Wildlife Sanctuary33. Flora of Biligirirangaswamy Wildife Sanctuary

Kerala 34. Flora of Kerala, Volume V35. Seaweed Survey of Kerala Coast 36. Flora of Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kozikode

Maharashtra 37. Ferns of Maharashtra38. Folicolous Fungi of Maharashtra39. Studies on the Orchids of Maharashtra 40. Flora of Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary

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Name of State/UT Status (Projects undergoing during 2012)

Meghalaya 41. Checklist of flora of Meghalaya42. Flora of South Garo Hills Dist., Meghalaya43. Chemical composition & nutritive value of wild edible plants of Meghalaya

Mizoram 44. Bryoflora (Hepaticae & Anthocerotae) of Mizoram45. Flora of Phawangpui Blue Mountain Peak, Mizoram46. Flora of Murlen National Park, Mizoram

Orissa 47. Ethnobotany of Orissa48. Poaceae of Orissa

Rajasthan 49. Flora of Jamwa Ramgarh Wildlife Sanctuary

Sikkim 50. Liverwort & Hornwort Flora of Sikkim51. Pteridophytic Flora of North Sikkim52. Studies on Wild Mushrooms of North Sikkim

Tamil Nadu 53. Flora of Srivilliputhur Wildlife Sanctuary54. Flora of Karaivetti, Vuduvur and Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary

Uttar Pradesh 55. Floral Diversity of Upper Ganga Ramsar Site,

Uttarakhand 56. Flora of Uttarakhand

West Bengal 57. Flora of Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary58. Flora of Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary59. Flora of West Bengal, Volume V60. Moss Flora of Darjeeling District

Table-3. Budget Allocation (` in Thousand)

PLAN NON PLANBE

2013 14 Expenditure

upto 31.12.2013

Percentage (%)

BE 2012 13

Expenditure upto

31.12.2012

Percentage (%)

127500 101075 64 271100 217249 80

Algal Flora of Jharkhand

Wood Rotting Fungi of Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary (Jharkhand)

Ecology Unit

A Checklist of Dinophyceae in India

Plant Chemistry Unit

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Wild Edible Plants of Meghalaya

Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah: Established in 1787 at Howrah, the IBG

has an area of ca 273 acres with a National Orchidarium, 25 Lakes and number of conservatories. Initially served as platform for introduction of such commercially important plants, as cardamom, pepper, nutmeg, cotton, tobacco, indigo, coffee, sago, teak, cinchona, rubber, jute, mahogany, etc. It has 2132 species under cultivation including (two living types and) 1092 exotics. Every year over 5 lakh people visit the garden for education, awareness and recreation purposes.


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Current Projects

Co l l e c t i o n , i n t ro d u c t i o n a n d multiplication of 100 endemic, threatened, medicinal, ornamental and economically important plants

Indigenous Palms of India

Bamboos of India: Ex s itu Conservation

Development of Division No. 25 of AJC Bose IBG.

Orchids of Tripura & North Bengal

Central Botanical Laboratory, Howrah: Established in 1954 at Kolkata and later shifted to Howrah with Economic Botany, Cytology & Plant physiology section.

Current Projects

Ethnobotany of Odisha state

Revision of the Family Memecylaceae in India

Ethnomedicinal uses of Fabaceae in India recorded in herbarium and published literature

Ethnobotanical information recorded in herbarium and literature for treatment of stone.

Industrial Section, Indian Museum, Kolkata: Established in 1887 at Kolkata has 20,000 exhibits of economic plants and plant products arranged in 8 Bays for public awareness; 70,000 herbarium specimens; 18 volumes containing 700 samples of Indian textiles in silk, cotton, muslin and wool, representing one of the 20 sets captioned Textiles Manufactures and Costumes of the People of India, and a 15 volume companion set on Natural Dyes.

Current Projects

Collection of economic plant materials for enrichment and replacement of exhibits of the Botanical gallery

Listing of collections of George Watt deposited at BSIS

Central National Herbarium, Howrah: Established in 1795 at Howrah, holds ca 2.05 million specimens of seed plants, 10,000 type specimens, 12,000 Wallichian specimens and 10,000 non-flowering plants. The unit has been responsible for discovery of 09 genera and 235 species new to science.

Current Projects

Editing & Updating of mss. of Flora of West Bengal, Vol. V (Monocot) Hydrocharitaceae Poaceae (37 families)

Editing of Flora of India, family Acanthaceae

Flora of Bihar, Volume I [Introduction, Key to the Families, Ranunculaceae Mimosaceae (ca. 728 species, 62 families)]

Flora of Jharkhand, Volume I [Introduction, Key to the Families, Ranunculaceae Mimosaceae (ca. 728 species, 62 families)]

Flora of Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary, Jalpaiguri, WB. (ca 368.99 sq. km.)

Flora of Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar & Jharkhand, (ca. 259 sq. km.)

Flora of Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal (ca 216.51 sq km)

Flora of Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary and Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand.

Flora of Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary, Jharkhand (ca 5.65 sq. km.)

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Palynotaxonomic studies of Lauraceae of India

Revision of the Genera Carex L. and Kobresia Willd. in India

Revision of the Genus Festuca in India

Revision of the Tribe Vernonieae in India

Study on Genera Jencellus, Anosporum, Sorostachys and remaining taxa of Cyperus under Flora of India. (ca. 88 taxa)

Verification of deposition of types at different herbaria of BSI based on names of new taxa published during 1990 2004 in some selected journals.

Arunachal Pradesh Regional Centre, Itanagar: Jurisdiction - Arunachal Pradesh. Established in 1977, the circle has 13,500 herbarium specimens, including 34 types representing 20 species discovered as new to science. The associated garden of 48 ha at Sankie View has ca 400 species under cultivation.

Current Projects

Flora of Anjaw District, Arunachal Pradesh

Flora of West Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh

Liverworts and Hornworts of West Siang District

Revison of Family Aspidiaceae in N.E. India

Grass Flora of Arunachal Pradesh

Flora of Pakhui Wild life Sanctuary, East Kameng

Ta x o n o m i c S t u d y o f f a m i l y Polypodiaceae (ca 100 spp.) of North East India

Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong: Jurisdiction Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura. Established in 1956 at Shillong, the circle has ca 2,71,000 herbarium specimens, including 508 types representing 5 genera and 89 species discovered as new to science. The associated garden of 10 ha at Barapani has ca 800 species under cultivation.

Current Projects

Bryoflora (Hepaticae & Anthocerotae) of Mizoram

Checklist of flora of Meghalaya

Flora of South Garo Hills Dist., Meghalaya

Flora of Barnadi Wild life

Flora of Ranga, Kakoi and Dullung Reserve Forests, Assam

Flora of Murlen National Park, Mizoram

Micropropagation of RET plants of NE India (Nymphaea & Cymbidium)

Multiplication and conservation of Rare/ Endangered/Economically important plants in Botanic Garden of BSI-ERC.

Sikkim Himalayan Regional Centre, Gangtok: Jurisdiction Sikkim. Established in 1979, the circle has 40,000 herbarium specimens, including 6 types representing 6 species discovered as new to science. The associated garden in the campus has ca 200 species, mostly orchids, under cultivation.

Current Projects

Studies on Wild Mushrooms of North Sikkim

Pteridophytic Flora of North Sikkim

Flora of Sikkim


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Central Regional Centre, Allahabad: Jurisdiction Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Uttar Pradesh. Established in 1962 at Allahabad, the circle has ca 69,000 herbarium specimens, including 03 types. Seventeen species and 07 varieties have been described as new to science from here. The associated garden of 02 ha in the campus has ca 570 species under cultivation.

Current Projects

Flora of Chhattisgarh

Floral Diversity of Upper Ganga Ramsar Site, Uttar Pradesh

Lichens of Rajasthan, Kutch and Gujarat

Revision of Family Rocellaceae in India

Revision of the tribe Heliantheae in India

Studies on Family Pertusariaceae in India

Botanic Garden of Indian Republic, Noida: Jurisdiction - National Capital Territory Region of Delhi. 4300 indigenous saplings and 554 seedlings of medicinal plants have been procured different parts of Terai region and Odisha for BGIR. Database on Oil Yielding Plants completed; hard copy format published (2008). Seeds Database initiated.

Current Projects

Development of database of introduced trees of BGIR, NOIDA

Development of database of medicinal plants

Development of Database of Seeds of indigenous trees

Protocol Development for germination of selected tree species

Ecological survey of BGIR woodlands

Recording of phenological data of species growing in garden

Northern Regional Centre, Dehradun: Jurisdiction Uttarakhand, Chandigarh, Punjab, Haryana, HimachalPradesh, Jammu & Kashmir. Established in 1956 at Dehradun, the circle has ca 1, 21,500 herbarium specimens, including 112 types representing two genera and 66 species discovered as new to science. The associated gardens of 23 ha at Dehradun, Pauri and Khirsu have ca 500 species under cultivation.

Current Projects

Endemic & Threatened Pteridophytic Flora of North Western Himalayas

Flora of Uttrakhand, Vols. III & IV

Revision of the Family Bignoniaceae in India

Revision of the Genus Athyrium in India

Revisionary studies of genus Adiamtum L. in India (c. 31 spp.)

Flora of Cold Desert of North West Himalayas

Flora of Sultanpur National Park, Haryana

Taxonomic Revision of Subtribe Habenariinae (Orchidaceae) in India

Revision of Indian Hymenochaetaceae

Arid Zone Regional Centre, Jodhpur: Jurisdiction Rajasthan, Gujarat. Established in 1972 at Jodhpur, the circle has ca 24,800 herbarium specimens, including 17 types representing 09 species discovered as new to science. The associated garden of 06 acres in the campus has ca 185 species under cultivation.

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Current Projects

Flora of Gujarat, Vol. III

Ethnobotany of Gujarat (Junagarh District)

Flora of Jamwa Ramgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan

Flora of Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Narmada, Gujarat

Western Regional Centre, Pune: Jurisdiction Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa, Daman, Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli. Established in 1955 at Pune, the circle has ca 1,70,000 herbarium specimens, including 571 types representing two genera and 146 species discovered as new to science. The associated gardens of 19.5 ha at Mundhwa and in the campus have ca 400 species under cultivation.

Current Projects

Flora of Great Indian Bustard Wildlife Sanctuary, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

Ferns of Maharashtra

Foliicolous Fungi of Maharashtra

Flora of Sharavathi valley Wildlife Sanctuary, Shimoga, Karnataka

Deccan Regional Centre, Hyderabad: Jurisdiction Andhra Pradesh, Odisha. Established in 2005 at Hyderabad, the circle has ca 10,000 herbarium specimens.

Current Projects

Herbs and Shrubs of Greater Hyderabad

Flora of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Andhra Pradesh

Flora of Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh

Flora of 650 Sacred Groves of Andhra Pradesh

Poaceae of Odisha State

Southern Regional Centre, Coimbatore: Jurisdiction Tamil Nadu, Kerala & Lakshadweep Islands. Established in 1955 at Coimbatore, the circle has ca 2,75,000 herbarium specimens, including 2594 types representing 08 genera and 155 species discovered as new to science. The associated garden of 19 ha at Yercaud and in the campus has ca 1100 species under cultivation.

Current Projects

Seaweed survey of South East Coast of India.

Flora of Kerala, Vols. III, IV & V

Flora of Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kozikode, Kerala

Fig-3. Habenaria panchganiensis Endemic to Panchgani, Maharashtra


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Pollen and Seed morphology of Genus Andrographis Wall. ex Nees using SEM

Seed morphology of Ficus L. using SEM

Study of Caryopsis in Eragrostis Sporobolus and Tripogon genera of Poaceae using SEM

Study of Pollinia of South Indian Orchids using SEM

Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair: Jurisdiction Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Established in 1972, the circle has 22,000 herbarium specimens, including 100 types representing two genera and 66 species discovered as new to science. The associated garden of 30 ha at Dhanikheri has ca 200 species under cultivation.

Current Project

Flora of Rani Jhansi Marine National Park

Flora of N. Andaman Isls. (Narcondam, Peacock, Paget and North Reef Isls.)

Foliicolous lichens of Andaman Islands

Survey of Fauna

Zoological Survey of India

Introduction and Objectives

The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), a premier institution under the Ministry, has been undertaking survey, exploration and research leading to the advancement of our knowledge on the exceptionally rich faunal diversity of the country since its inception in 1916. With its headquarters at Kolkata and 16 Regional Centres located at different parts of the country, ZSI in recent years re-oriented its

plan of work by grouping the survey and studies under the following six major programmes:

Fauna of States

Fauna of Conservation Areas

Fauna of Important Ecosystems

Status Survey of Endangered Species

Ecological Studies/Environment Impact Assessment Survey, and

Computerization and Dissemination of Data

Primary Objectives

The current mandate of ZSI is survey, collection, documentation (including the traditional knowledge associated with animals) and ex situ conservation of wild animal diversity of the country.

High priority areas include

Digitization of present collections, preparation of fine scale distribution maps based on primary occurrence data and making it available in a searchable format.

Publication of National and State faunas.

Ta xo n o m i c s t u d i e s , re v i s i o n a r y /monographic studies on selected animal groups.

Identification of Red list species and species rich areas needing conservation and focus on data deficient species to collect more information on populations.

Development of National database of Indian animals including Museum specimens, live specimens, paintings, illustrations etc. and maintenance of already existing collections with modern facilities and as per international standards of collection management.

Developing and maintaining Museums and using such facilities for conservation

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education for people especially students.

Ex situ conservation of critically threatened taxa.

Capacity building in taxonomy, nomenclature, specimen collection, preservation and maintenance through training programmes.

Secondary Objectives

To establish a panel of e x p e r i e n c e d a n d a c t i v e taxonomists and obtain their consent to participate in fauna project.

To prepare annotated checklist of different groups of animals, museum col lect ions, based on published documents giving local names if any with locality and habitat. Make available the electronic version of checklist to the general public; and circulate it among the panel of zoologists who would, in turn, check for omissions, ambiguities, localities and habitat through active consultation with other local zoologists.

To begin with, state faunas should be published electronically giving correct names, localities, habitats, sketches and photographs of important species on an interactive Fauna of India Website. This will act as an outreach programme for all the biologists, and other interested public.

Activities undertaken since inception / cumulative performance

There are 668 Protected Areas including 102 National Parks, 515 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 47 Conservation Reserves and 4 Community Reserves covering a total of 1,61,221.57 km2 of geographical area which is approximately 4.90% of the

country. In addition there are 39 Tiger Reserves, 15 Biosphere Reserves, 10 Elephant Reserves, 5 Natural World Heritage sites and 25 Ramsar Wetland sites in India (National Wildlife Database, 2011). Of these, ZSI surveyed and documented 48 protected areas.

Scientists of ZSI discovered 4,788 new species, more than 3,000 as new records

The Zoological Survey of India also acts as a custodian of the National Zoological Collections, which comprise more than four million specimens belonging to as many as 86,000 species including about 10,000 species of our neighboring countries like Myanmar, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and also of Thailand.

ZSI maintains 6 Galleries in the Indian Museum which are: (1) Mammal Gallery, (2) Bird Gallery, (3) Ecosystem Gallery, (4) Reptilia and Amphibia Gallery, (5) Fish Gallery and (6) Insect Gallery (under renovation). Total no. of exhibits displayed in the galleries: 3,833 no. No. of showcases for dry/mounted exhibits: Mammal Gallery: 31 no, Ecosystem Gallery: 13 no, Bird Gallery: 36 no, Reptile Gallery: 5 no,

Fig-4. Water Buffalo at Kaziranga National Park


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Amphibia Gallery: 1 no, Fish Gallery: 17 no. Exhibits displayed in the jars (i.e. Wet collections): Mammal Gallery: 8 no, Reptile Gallery: 31 no, Amphibia Gallery: 24 no, Fish Gallery: 34 no. Type materials displayed in the Galleries: 2 no. Balaenoptera edeni Anderson: 1 no and Balaenoptera musculus Linnaeus: 1 no.

Status survey of Coral Reefs, Coral associated Organisms, Indian Golden Gecko, Indian Horse Shoe Crabs and Golden Langur were carried out.

Taxonomic studies pertaining to Protozoa, Helminthes, Mollusca, Annelida, Cnidaria, Porifera (Sponges), Echinodermata, Insecta, Arachnida, Pisces (Fishes), Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves (Birds) and Mammals were carried out during the XIth Five Year Plan along with Trichotaxonomic studies on Mammals and molecular studies on Freshwater turtles.

Based on the survey and taxonomic work carried out so far, ZSI has already published faunal documents pertaining to the States (including Union Territories) of Orissa (4 volumes), Lakshadweep (1 volume), West Bengal (12 volumes), Meghalaya (10 volumes), Andhra Pradesh (8 volumes), Delhi (1 volume), Tripura (4 volumes), Gujarat (2 volumes), Sikkim (5 volumes), Manipur (3 volumes), Bihar, including Jharkhand (1 volume), Nagaland (1 volume), Arunachal Pradesh (2 volumes), Mizoram (2 volumes), Madhya Pradesh including Chhattisgarh (3 volumes), Goa (1 volume), Tamil Nadu (2 volumes), Uttarakhand (3 volumes), Maharashtra (2 volumes), Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1 volume) and Karnataka (1 volume) under the State Fauna Series.

ZSI has published 1439 books / Journals viz., Records of the Zoological Survey of

India 450; Occasional papers 352; Memoirs of ZSI 84; Annual Report 43, Handbooks/Pictorial Guides 50; Special Publications 48; Fauna of India (including British India) 131; Conservation Area Series (Protected Area Network) 48; State fauna Series 67; Ecosystem Series 30; Status Survey of Endangered Species 10; Bibliography of Indian Zoology 35; Animal Discoveries 6; Technical Monograph 68 (Discontinued Publication); Zoologiana 5 (Discontinued Publication) and Bulletin of ZSI 12 (Discontinued Publication).

Performance/ Achievements/ Progress made during the year

Faunal explorations and surveys

Mountain Ecosystem: Two surveys were undertaken to Spiti valley, Himachal Pradesh

Estuarine ecosystem: Five surveys were undertaken in Diamond harbor, West Bengal; Narmada and Tapti Estuary, Gujarat and Pennar estuary, Andhra Pradesh.

Marine/Island ecosystem: Six extensive surveys were undertaken in Kerala coast; Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat; Gulf of Mannar and Palk Way, Tamil Nadu.

Biosphere Reserve/ Conservation areas: Eight surveys were undertaken in Sunderbans Biosphere Reserve, West Bengal; Southern Western Ghats Biosphere Reserve, Kerala; Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve, Kerala and Gulf of Kachchh Biosphere Reserve, Gujarat.

National Parks: Nine surveys were undertaken in Bhitarkanika NP, Odisha; Mahatama Gandhi Marine NP, Andaman & Nicobar Island; Nameri NP, Assam; Rajaji NP, Uttarakhand and Silent Valley NP, Kerala.

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Wildlife Sanctuaries: Twenty four surveys were undertaken in Chail Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh; Dharanghati WLS, Himachal Pradesh; Dibrusaikhawa WLS, Assam; Kalakad Mundanthurai WLS, Tamil Nadu; Kalatop-Khajjar WLS, Himachal Pradesh; Ralamandal and Kheoni WLS, Madhya Pradesh; Malabar WLS, Kerala; Itanagar WLS, Arunachal Pradesh; Nauradehi WLS, Madhya Pradesh; Nongkhyllem WLS, Meghalaya; Malabar WLS, Kerala; Phansad WLS, Maharashtra; Sajnekhali WLS, West Bengal; Singhori WLS, Madhya Pradesh; Sultanpur WLS, Haryana and Veerangana Durgavati WLS, Madhya Pradesh during the year.

States and Union territories: Under the state fauna programme forty three surveys were undertaken in several districts of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.

Status Survey: Seven surveys in Coral reefs, Coral associated Organisms, Indian Golden Gecko, Indian Horse Shoe Crabs and Golden Langur were carried out.

S ome Impor tant Research studies undertaken

Optical Characterization of Corals A collaborative project with Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad.

Improving quality of Reefs through Transplantation/Restoration of Corals at Gulf of Kachchh (Sponsored by World Bank).

Survey and monitoring the health of coral reefs of India, National Coral Reef Research Institute (NCRI) (Sponsored by MoEF).

Diversity and Distribution of Corals and their Associated Fauna of Rani Jhansi Marine National Park, Andaman (Sponsored by MoEF).

Monitoring the Coral Reefs of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Sponsored by: Department of Environment and Forests, Andaman and Nicobar Administration).

Lead Institution-Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve (Sponsored by MoEF).

Faunal Diversity of Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve (Sponsored by MoEF).

Rapid EIA studies on the road alignment from Shastri Nagar to Indira Point, Great Nicobar Island (Sponsored by Border Roads Task Force, Ministry of Defense, Govt. of India.

Preparation of Management Action Plan for Lohabarrack Crocodile Sanctuary, South Andaman (Sponsored by DoEF, Andaman and Nicobar Administration).

Status survey on Holothurians of A&N Islands (Sponsored by DoEF, Andaman and Nicobar Administration).

Rapid EIA studies on runway extension in Campbell Bay, Great Nicobar and Sibpur,

Fig-5. Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) at Gir National Park


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North Andaman (Sponsored by Indian Navy, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India).

Strengthening of Marine Aquarium and Regional Centre at Digha, West Bengal (Sponsored by World Bank).

Special Collaborative Projects

Faunal Diversity of Protected Areas in Chhattisgarh (Phase-1) and Districtwise Faunal Diversity of Chhattisgarh (Phase-1) (Sponsored by Government of Chhattisgarh: CAMPA Fund).

Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project (ICZM).

Improving the Quality of Reefs through Transplantation/Restoration of Corals at Gulf of Kachchh A community Based Sustainable Approach.

Taxon

annual report-2013-14 by moef

Documents