A N N U A LR E P O R T 2 0 1 6

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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4 Word of the President

5 Vision, Values & Strategy

6 2016 Highlights

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Governance

Organization Chart

Board of Directors

Scientific Commitee

10 Research and Technology10 Additive Manufacturing

12 Lifetime Assessment (Damage and Fracture Mechanics)

13 Polymer Processes & Composites Lab

15 Manufacturing Processes of Metallic Structures

16 High Resolution CFD for Aerospace Applications

17 Turbomachinery Design19 Buildings and Smart Cities

20 Design Space Exploration and Optimization

22 Infrastructures

22 High Performance Computing Facilities

22 Composite Laboratory

24 Quality Management System

25 Fairs & Events

26 Research Projects

28 Scientific &Technical Dissemination

30 Financial Results of Cenaero ASBL

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Throughout its 15 years of existence, Cenaero has become a recognized and important research center aiming at helping Walloon and European industrial organizations to keep their leading positions over world-wide competition by intensive use of sophisticated numerical simulation tools.

In 2016, Cenaero continued to demonstrate its capabilities to deliver top notch research activities in high fidelity numerical simulation using its in-house software (Argo, Minamo and Morfeo) and also some third party’s ones.

2016 revenues decreased to 6.329 million euros, but with operating expenses reduced to 6.186 million euros thanks to good control of main sources of expenses. Resulting operating profit has been transferred in accumulated profit.

Even though Cenaero remains focused on the aeronautical sector, its developed numerical tools and abilities are also used to serve other sectors like energy, health and buildings. This allows Cenaero to entertain relationships with approximately 20 regional SME’s.

Cenaero has started a partnership with Numeca to promote multi-disciplinary optimization by integrating Minamo into Numeca’s software. Cenaero has continued to develop long lasting partnership with SAFRAN in several fields.

None of this could have been done without continuous support from Regional and European authorities since day one in 2002. Most important ERDF 2014-2020 portfolio projects which were accepted in 2015 (additive manufacturing activities and bio-based composite materials) have been started in 2016.

Finally, Cenaero continued to invest in HPC thanks to Regional support in order to offer related HPC services to researchers working in each and every university of the Wallonia-Brussels Federation as well as to a growing number of Walloon companies.

As Chairman of the board, I thank board members for their contribution to Cenaero’s development and I congratulate the Cenaero team for their 2016 achievements under leadership of Philippe Geuzaine, General Manager.

Michel Milecan President

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 WORD FROM THE CHAIRMAN4

WORD OF THE PRESIDENT1

VISION, VALUES & STRATEGY

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2Cenaero is a private non-profit applied research center providing to any company, involved in a technology innovation process, high fidelity numerical simulation methods and tools to invent and design more competitive products. Our ambition is to be internationally recognized as a technology leader in modeling and numerical simulation, to be a strategic partner of large global industries as well as a real support to regional companies including SMEs. Mainly active in Aeronautics, Cenaero wishes to increase the transfer and the application of its technology to surface transport, energy, health and sustainable development. Cenaero develops the necessary experimental capabilities to validate its methods and tools and maintains a top supercomputing infrastructure among the world 500 most powerful systems. Partner and customer satisfaction, as well as the guarantee of the quality of our processes and products, are at the heart of our actions.

Passion drives us. The technological challenges of our partners and customers stimulate our creativity and our envy to continuously improve ourselves. Scientific rigor and intellectual curiosity nourish our passion for high-quality work. We make it a priority to establish a trustworthy long-term relationship with our partners and customers, as well as within the Cenaero team. Boldness moves us forward to ambitious projects. We solve these challenges by mobilizing our willingness, our competences, our organization and our capability to master risks. We believe our team is the source of our success. Therefore, we care for the personal development of our collaborators and seek to make them harmoniously progress.

As illustrated in this report, Cenaero has continued to develop and apply its expertise through a strong participation in about 30 collaborative research projects at European, French and Walloon levels. Within these projects and industrial contracts, Cenaero has been involved with over 30 Walloon companies, 65 % of them being SMEs. Regional and international visibility has been achieved through the organization of an HPC event gathering 110 participants as well as the participation in about 40 fairs and conferences.

The year has seen the start of the Structural Funds 2014-2020 projects accepted in May 2015. These projects allow Cenaero to develop its modeling and simulation expertise in the fields of additive manufacturing, bio-based composite materials, coatings, fuel cells and hydraulic loops. To face the challenges related to additive manufacturing, the organization has been reviewed and adjusted as a result of a collective intelligence exercise. The organization evolution has led to the creation of two new teams "Methods for Structural Applications and Processes” and “Computational Multiphysics Software Development” in replacement of the “Argo”, “Composite Structures and Processes”, “Morfeo”, and “Metallic Structures and Processes” teams as well as the creation of the role of Technology Leader.

Cenaero has been also very active in creating new development opportunities. In the frame of the ERDF second call of February 2016, Cenaero is the leader of the Energy and Environment work package of the Wal-e-Cities project that has been accepted in 2016. Related to the emerging topic of smart cities, the project aims to improve the quality of life in cities through the use of numerical tools and methodologies.

At European level, Cenaero has been awarded two Clean Sky 2 projects involving two Walloon partners. Cenaero was also partner in three successful proposals at Walloon level and in one successful proposal at French level.

At the end of year, Cenaero and NUMECA International announced a strategic partnership for the next generation of optimization software. Integrated in the software environment FINE/Design3D of NUMECA International, Minamo, the design space exploration and optimization platform developed by Cenaero, will offer to engineers the capability to efficiently optimize with a very limited number of high fidelity simulations in order to broaden and gain full insight into their design space. In terms of partnership, the expertise and pro-activity of Cenaero has continued to be highly appreciated by Safran in the fields of optimization, advanced fluid aerodynamics and acoustics as well as manufacturing.

Thanks to Walloon funding, Cenaero continued to operate to the highest standards its high performance computing infrastructure counting more than 14,000 compute cores. It reached a remarkable effective usage rate of more than 90 % and it showed a 99.5 % availability over the year. In addition to Cenaero, the infrastructure offers a unique working tool to numerous researchers of the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles as well as a growing number of Walloon companies.

With an improved organization, I am confident that Cenaero is prepared to successfully tackle future challenges.

Philippe Geuzaine

General Manager

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 2016 HIGHLIGHTS6

2016 HIGHLIGHTS3

Technology LeadersKoen Hillewaert (Fluid Mechanics)

Nicolas Poletz (AM & Metallic Processes)David Dumas (Polymer Processes & Composite Lab)

Computational Multiphysics Software

DevelopmentÉric Wyart

Turbomachinery Multiphysics Simulation & Design

(Cenaero France)Emmanuel Chérière

Turbomachinery Multiphysics Simulation

& DesignLieven Baert

Methods for Structural Applications and Processes

Benoît Dompierre

MinamoCaroline Sainvitu

Energy & BuildingsSébastien Pecceu

Biomedical Engineering

Thibaut Van Hoof

Following its legal establishment, Cenaero ASBL is a Belgian non-profit research center administered by a Board of Directors with representatives of the members of the association. The Board of Directors involves representatives of seven companies representing the Walloon Aeronautics Association, six representatives of university members, two representatives of IGRETEC and one representative of the Von Karman Institute, the University of Namur and the Walloon Region as observers. The Board Directors are nominated by the General meeting of the association for a period of six years. The Board of Directors elects its Chairman and vice-chairmen. The Board of Directors is currently chaired by Mr. Michel Milecan. The Board of Directors elects a Scientific Committee for counseling on scientific matters. The Scientific Committee is composed of academic and industry representatives and is currently chaired by Prof. Grégoire Winckelmans of Université

catholique de Louvain. The Board of Directors entrusts the General Manager, together with the Management Committee, with the daily management of Cenaero. The Management Committee is composed of four managers (Business Development & Innovation, HPC & Infrastructure, Quality, Research & Technology) and the General Manager. The Remuneration Committee is appointed by the Board of Directors for a period of three years and is composed of the President, the General Manager and two Board Directors. It assists the Board of Directors in defining a consistent and balanced salary policy.

Established in 2009 and located in Moissy Cramayel, Cenaero France SASU is a 100 % subsidiary of Cenaero ASBL and is geared mainly to perform collaborative research and industrial services.

GOVERNANCE

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ORGANIZATION CHARTScientific CommitteeBoard of Directors

General ManagementPhilippe Geuzaine

Management & Human Resources AssistantSéverine Quinet

Business & Project Management

HPC & Infrastructure Serge Bogaerts

QualityFrançois Thirifay

Research & TechnologyIngrid Lepot

Business Development & Innovation

Cécile Goffaux

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Tony Arts Observer The von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics

Nathalie Burteau Director Université catholique de Louvain

Jean-François Cortequisse Director Safran Aero Boosters

Grégory Coussement Director Université de Mons, représentant Igretec

Gérard Degrez Director Université Libre de Bruxelles

Pierre Galland Director Université Libre de Bruxelles

Pierre Guillaume Director Safran Aircraft Engines

Olivier Gillieaux Director Université de Liège

André Grégoire Director Sonaca

Guy Janssen Director GDTech

Philippe Lambin Observer Université de Namur

Fabian Lapierre Observer Région wallonne

Michel Milecan Chairman EWA (Entreprises Wallonnes de l'Aéronautique)

Jean-Philippe Ponthot Director Université de Liège

Jérôme Ravoet Director Sabca

Nicolas Sottiaux Director Igretec

Michel Tilmant Director LMS Samtech

Grégoire Winckelmans Director Université catholique de Louvain

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 GOVERNANCE8

SCIENTIFIC COMMITEE

Benoît Colson LMS Samtech

Gérard Degrez Université libre de Bruxelles

Grégoire Winckelmans, President Université catholique de Louvain

Grégory Coussement Université de Mons

Herman Deconinck Institut Von Karman de Dynamique des Fluides

Ingrid Lepot Cenaero

Dimitri Gueuning Sonaca

Vincent Brunet Safran Aircraft Engines

Philippe Minot Safran Aero Boosters

Michaël Bruyneel GD Tech

Thierry Loréa Sabca

Vincent Terrapon Université de Liège

Philippe Lambin Université de Namur

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ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies are today progressively adopted in industry and they must be considered from a fresh perspective in terms of process-product material design. Understanding and mastering of the physical phenomena involved during the AM processes is a major challenge to move towards improved component quality and optimized product/process. This will be acquired by a joint modeling and research effort. The experimental data is used to formulate the most appropriate simulation hypothesis and methodology, and to feed and validate the models. This facilitates checking the processes for a given part beforehand, and eventually feeding a robust design tool incorporating manufacturing constrains in order to optimize the process, the material and the product.

Within this context, 2016 has seen the kick off of the project IAWATHA on the powder bed base Additive Manufacturing process. The project brings together Walloon research centers (Sirris, CRM, CRIBC and Cenaero) and Universities (ULB, UCL and ULg) with the objective of addressing the scientific challenges related to this emerging technology in order to enhance its industrial deployment. The main challenge tackled by Cenaero is the integrated process/product design which is at the core of Cenaero’s vision.

Research activities at Cenaero for AM are broken down into three axes:

AM process modeling ;

In-service behavior of AM products including lattice structures ;

Integrated design methods from conceptual to optimized products.

Thanks to its multi-physics capacity, the flexibility and scalability properties inherited from the variable order Discontinuous Galerkin Method (DGM) framework, Cenaero’s solver Argo has been selected as AM software platform. The different scales and different material states are simulated in the same software environment. Moreover, the recent development in the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM), is a key enabler for multi-phase simulation and layer deposition processes. Consequently, the local thermal state and its metallurgical effects can be predicted accurately. At this stage, the IBM has been validated on academic test cases as shown in Figure 1.

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 10

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 5

FIGURE 1: HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS WITH HIGH-ORDER SHARP IMMERSED INTERFACE

For the meso and macro scale modeling, a thermo-mechanical solver has been implemented in Argo. It allows for the computation of the global thermal evolution during the process as well as the residual deformation and stresses. Figure 2 illustrates the thermal evolution on a selective laser melting benchmark.

With respect to the in-service behavior of AM products with lattice structures, the objective is the definition of design methodologies to select the appropriate lattice patterns and optimize them. The research activities performed this year consist in analyzing the meso-structures of standard patterns as illustrated in Figure 3. Based on these results, the equivalent behavior of the lattice structure is incorporated into the global Finite Element (FE) model. The governing principle of the proposed methodologies is their compatibility with industrial software environment. It means that the methods must be applicable also while considering commercial FE software.

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FIGURE 2: ARGO SIMULATION OF SELECTIVE LASER MELTING (TEMPERATURE FIELD DURING THE PROCESS)

FIGURE 3: LATTICE STRUCTURE DEFORMATION UNDER COMBINED COMPRESSION/SHEAR LOAD

Finally, multi-level optimization methods are currently being investigated to design AM products. Based on our long-standing experience in interfaces tracking (e.g. crack propagation, machining, multiphase flow), Cenaero is developing an integrated framework based on the Level Set (LS) approach. The proposed method allows for validating non-linear behaviors as well as manufacturability verifications. At this stage, two aspects have already been achieved: the extraction of the conceptual design issued by a density based method (e.g. SIMP) and the shape optimization allowing topology changes using the LS method. Conceptual design obtained by SIMP method is shown in Figure 4.

LIFETIME ASSESSMENT (DAMAGE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS)

Morfeo/Crack is an efficient numerical tool dedicated to solving fracture mechanics problems of materials submitted to cyclic fatigue loadings. Thanks to an implicit representation of the crack independently of the mesh, a high flexibility regarding crack position and propagation is possible. In order to deal with stress singularity close to the crack tip and the discontinuous displacement field across the crack, the classical finite element method is extended with additional shape functions (X-FEM method). Crack propagation is based on the robust computation of stress intensity factors and updates of the implicit representation. Recent developments include an in-depth study of error-controlled mesh adaptation during crack propagation. Even if mesh refinement is not needed for crack representation, it is an essential feature to limit interpolation errors. To reach this goal, an estimation of the error adapted to X-FEM is computed with the help of a higher order recovered solution. Based on this, different mesh adaptation strategies have been implemented and compared. They rely on both global and local (at the element scale) errors and are aimed to either minimize the number of elements for a given target error, or distribute homogeneously the error over the whole computation domain. Major revisions of the Morfeo/Crack plug-in for Samcef software were also released. These include a complete update of the pre-processing stage which increases robustness and reliability of the software.

In the field of damage initiation and transition to fracture, Cenaero has started to investigate, in close collaboration with Ecole Centrale de Nantes within the CEMDAM project, an innovative method called Thick Level Set. The major advantage of this approach is that the resolution of the localization problem, occurring when dealing with simulation of damageable materials, is performed only within a damaged area delimited by two iso-values of a level-set (signed distance function). When damage reaches a critical level, transition to fracture is automatic and a crack appears naturally. Cenaero challenged this method in an industrial context. A first application is related to shrinkage of concrete. Drying process

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 12

FIGURE 4 : SIMP CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A 3D BEAM SUBMITTED TO 3 POINT BENDING LOAD

takes months and, if shrinkage is prevented, internal stresses arise so that damage and cracks can appear. A second one is related to the understanding and the prediction of fracture mechanisms of electronic components as studied within the HIPAC project (see Figure 5 and Figure 6) . Being made of the superposition of several different materials, it is subjected to high thermal cycles. Due to the differences between the thermal expansion coefficients, high shear stresses occur which can lead to full breakage of the component. In addition to thermo-mechanical stress analyzes, simulations performed with the Thick Level Set method are currently compared to shear tests experiments.

Within a CIFRE doctoral research project in collaboration with ASL (Airbus Safran Launchers) and Université de Technologie de Compiègne, the use of a probabilistic reliability method in lifetime prediction to delimit, for a given set of parameters (e.g. position and size of existing cracks), safe and unsafe areas (i.e. cracks which can lead to catastrophic failure) is investigated. In this perspective, the Probabilistic Support Vector Machine method has been implemented to limit the evaluation of specimens to those with high probability of wrong classification. This approach is currently being tested on an industrial application from the aerospace sector.

POLYMER PROCESSES & COMPOSITES LAB

In its activities dedicated to polymers and composite materials, Cenaero has the advantage of boasting both experimental manufacturing facilities as well as sharing simulation capabilities common to its different activity fields. This specificity has been put forward in the thesis work carried out over the past years in the OPTIMOLD project.

Predicting the final shape of a manufactured composite part is a technical challenge due to the material behavior of the polymer matrix during the consolidation phase, coupled with the orthotropic mechanical properties of the fiber. The challenge addressed was to rely only on numerical tools to A

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FIGURE 6 : THERMAL MAP INSIDE THE ELECTRONIC PACKAGE DURING THE “ON” PHASE. THE POWER DISSIPATED BY THE CHIP INDUCES A THERMAL GRADIENT (RED = “HOT” / BLUE = “COLD”) AND MAINLY SHEAR STRESSES. THE ACCUMULATED DAMAGE CYCLE BY CYCLE LEADS TO A FINAL FAILURE OF THE ASSEMBLY

FIGURE 5: HALF GEOMETRY OF THE ELECTRONIC PACKAGE (FULL STACK). THE REAL SIZE OF THE COMPONENT IS ABOUT 13X10X5 MM

predict the shape of a double curved mold needed in order to respect a given out-of-mold fully cured geometry. As illus-trated in Figure 7, corners and curves tend to increase in curvature after curing due to chemical shrinkage of the matrix as well as differential thermal expansion during the heating and cooling ramps. To complete and validate the compensa-tion strategy, it is necessary to address material properties, thermo-mechanical process simulations, mold design and machining as well as robust part production.

A material characterization campaign can be performed on the composite in each of its used configurations that we test explicitly or based on constit-uent properties (see Figure 8). The latter was preferred in a Representative Volume Element (RVE) approach rather than a rule of mixture. Although the composite part does not use tailored or random fiber orien-tation for which an RVE would be specifically indicated, this proof

of concept allows us to gain confi-dence in an integrated approach also developed in the project.

With thermo-mechanical proper-ties identified and an initial geom-etry set, the non-compensated geometry simulations showed a 1.05° spring in angle with an edge effect captured through simula-tions (see Figure 9). These were validated against experimental trials showing that the simula-tions capture the spring in values and trends correcting for the lower bound of the manufactured parts (those manufactured under the lowest tolerance conditions).

While several solutions were tested, the most appropriate way to compensate the geometry was identified to be through an iterative mirroring algorithm in the case that was studied. Spring-in angles as well as global geometrical deviations were brought to a minimum after several iterations. In house manufacturing capabilities, both for the mold machining and part production were again used to validate this new geometry and the efficiency of the numerical compensation.

FIGURE 7: SPRING-IN COMPENSATED ON THE MANUFACTURED CFRP SPAR USING NUMERICAL TOOLS TO DESIGN THE MOLD

FIGURE 8: IDENTIFICATION OF PLY PROPERTIES BASED ON REPRESENTATION OF FIBER ARCHITECTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE CONSTITUANTS

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 14

The manufactured parts showed impressively low geometry tolerance deviations to the initial nominal part (the one that we want to achieve for further assembly steps) for the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) manufacturing process that was used. The continuous feedback loop between simulation and manufacturing in composites structures as illustrated in Figure 10 will help reduce design iterations for new parts and bring new insights to experts already familiar with composite manufacturing.

This work opens the way for more promising re-search in process simula-tions. It will include ther-mo-mechanical tool-part interaction, resin rheology during the curing phase, internal stress predictions and post-curing & trim-ming stress relaxation for high end composite parts being increasingly used in lightweight structural parts in transportation, en-ergy and other industrial sectors.

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES OF METALLIC STRUCTURES

Time reduction and improvement of quality in the field of industrial manufacturing and material forming require more and more the use of a virtual approach coupled with the classical trial and error method. In order to perfectly fit industry specific needs, a finite element software (Morfeo) is developed for the numerical simulation of manufacturing processes of metallic structures. Among them, fusion welding (with filler material), rotary friction welding and machining. In continuation

of the activities over the past five years, development of dedicated functionalities was performed in close collaboration with industry and namely with Safran group as direct end user. The latest official version of Morfeo (v2.7), commercialized by GeonX, was released in June 2016.

For friction welding applications, the mixed velocity-pressure formulation which was extended in 2015 to compressible elasto-viscoplastic behaviors was improved by accounting for

FIGURE 10: EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS OF NON-COMPENSATED (BLACK) AND COMPENSATED (WHITE DOTS) GEOMETRIES (RIGHT) AND VARTM MANUFACTURING PRINCIPLE

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FIGURE 9: GOOD AGREEMENT BETWEEN NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND MEASURED SPRING-IN FOR VARTM PROCESSES C-SPAR

thermal expansion in the additive split (Perzyna formulation) of the strain rate. This allows to perform numerical simulation of the complete process (welding and cooling stages) and predict residual stresses. The formulation could be further extended (account for several types of hardening) in order to address cold metal forming processes.

For fusion welding applications, developments of the strategy initiated in 2015 to account for filler material during welding were pursued. The approach relies on a level-set (signed distance function) to represent implicitly the free surface and overcome the limitations (e.g. boundary condition on the free surface, a priori shape and mesh of the weld bead, relation to process parameters) of the classical “element activation” method. In 2016, a thermo-mechanical extension (staggered coupling) of the level-set based approach was implemented for prediction of residual stresses and distortions. Preliminary results are illustrated in Figure 11 as a Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) example.

Besides the development of new features, in the framework of the HPC4WE project, effort was put on improving both SMP and MPI parallelization of Morfeo. Yet serial and time-consuming parts of the software (e.g. level-set related functionality) were multi-threaded while fixing data race conditions and resulting in a gain in performance and stability. Implementation of a hybrid SMP-MPI parallelization for the finite element formulations and investigation of hybrid parallel linear system solvers have also started.

HIGH RESOLUTION CFD FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

For the past five years, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of aeronautical and in particular turbomachinery flows has been a significant research topic at Cenaero. Since this type of simulation requires high simulation accuracy on unstructured meshes, combined to high computational efficiency and strong scalability, this capability is being developed within the discontinuous Galerkin in-house solver Argo.

The first challenge in 2016 concerned the prediction of the heat flux on the VKI LS89 inlet guide vane at high Reynolds number, involving both by-pass and natural transitions. This advanced LES required the development of turbulence injection schemes as well as research on LES modeling of transonic flows. The latter was supported by a research grant of the Centre for Turbulence Research at Stanford, allowing two researchers of Cenaero to participate to the summer research program. Argo simulations showed a good agreement with experimental results and succeeded in capturing bypass transition on the suction side (see Figure 12).

The second challenge consisted in enabling the simulation of the 3.5 stage transonic compressor CREATE2bis, designed by Safran Aicraft Engines and operated at LMFA, with up to

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FIGURE 12: 4TH ORDER ACCURATE LES OF THE FLOW IN THE VKI LS89 TURBINE INLET GUIDE VANE PERFORMED USING ARGO

FIGURE 11: ILLUSTRATION OF A THREE-LAYERS DMD PROCESS SHOWING THE TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION (ON HALF STRUCTURE) AT HALF ON THE WELDING STAGE AND THE DISTORTIONS (WIREFRAME, MAGNIFIED) AFTER THE COOLING STAGE

1 billion degrees of freedom (see Figure 13). This involved many developments, of which the most important concerned upscaling the sliding connections to a minimal capacity of 4000 processors. The final implementation featured a very small overhead of 10 %. On the modeling side, the wall models for LES needed to be adapted to transonic flows. Also, ad hoc grid generation tools as well as the interpolation of RANS solutions in CGNS format were developed.

Additional numerical research continued on LES for transonic flows, wall modeled LES (WMLES) and hp-adaptive computa-tions. Part of these activities are undertaken with Safran Tech within two collabora-tive research projects, namely TILDA and ELCI. This research is further supported by the project APPLES, focused on WMLES, resulting in one of the first best practice studies for WMLES for a DGM code.

TURBOMACHINERY DESIGN

Within the framework of the ENOVAL project, Safran Aero Boosters is designing a high-speed low pressure compressor. The compressor (see Figure 14) will be equipped with a non-axisymmetric casing treatment, and will be tested at the Russian research center CIAM. To support the design activities and test preparation, the exploitation of numerical simulations is a real asset. In 2016, Cenaero has performed simulations on three different casing treatments using a frequential method. By comparing the full isospeed performance of the casing treatments, a better understanding of the flow physics has

been obtained, with useful information for the design of the casing treat-ment. An illustra-tion of the flow for the operating point close to stall is given in Figure 15.

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FIGURE 13: BILLION DEGREE OF FREEDOM MULTIDOMAIN GRID FOR THE CREATE2BIS COMPRESSOR

FIGURE 14: MULTI-STAGE HIGH-SPEED LOW PRESSURE COMPRESSOR

FIGURE 15: FLOW INSIDE THE CASING TREATMENT FOR AN OPERATING POINT CLOSE TO STALL

Within the CASCADE project which objective is to develop a smarter design loop based on sharing real-time infor-mation between various trades, Cenaero has setup a design loop and validated the nume-rical models in order to optimize the aero-thermal behavior of a high-pressure turbine vane provided by Safran Helicopter Engines (see Figure 16). The optimization process is carried out using Minamo and takes advantage of mixed-variable surrogate models. The objective is to find the optimal drilling pattern of the core to cool down the hollow blade with impingement jet. Cenaero also provided support to the automotive OEM Valeo on their design process. Valeo has been using Minamo to optimize the aerodynamic performance of their air intake module and to ensure that the mass flow is evenly distributed between the four cylinders of the piston engine it is feeding.

Exploiting recent developments within Minamo in terms of efficient management of computational resources, an aero-mechanical multi-point optimization has been performed on NASA’s Rotor 37. The flexibility and robustness with which the geometry can be changed is a significant factor that enables to properly explore the design space. Instead of using a

classical blade parametrization, based on engineering parameters such as thickness distribution, stagger and blade metal angles at different span height sections, a Free-Form-Deformation technique has been applied for the design of Rotor 37 (see Figure 17 and Figure 18).

For a design space with 60 parameters, significant performance gains have been obtained (+4 % after 250 evaluations or less than a fortnight’s run-time) while considering over 30 constraints. The proposed SBO approach offers therefore many opportunities for turbomachinery applications tackling highly constrained design problems. Despite the unavoidable curse of dimensionality, the redesign

with Minamo is able to efficiently achieve reliable results at a cost that is in line with industrial needs and provides a conclusive asset in the frame of design specifications evolving along the design cycle.

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FIGURE 16 : HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE NOZZLE GUIDE VANE

FIGURE 17: INITIAL BLADE AND CONTROL LATTICE

FIGURE 18: DEFORMED BLADE AND CONTROL LATTICE

BUILDINGS AND SMART CITIES

Among the many projects performed in 2016 and related to the building sector, Cenaero has worked with the BBRI (Belgian Building Research Institute) to simulate and analyse smoke dispersion from isolated buildings by using CFD simulation in various operating and weather conditions (see Figure 19). The goal of BBRI is to define or improve the existing guidelines in order to position the fresh air intakes depending on the polluted air dispersion.

Cenaero has implemented a parametric CFD model using only open-source software to build the geometries (with Gmsh) and run the CFD simulations (with OpenFOAM). The model takes into account the following parameters: buildings dimensions, wind direction and intensity, external temperature, smoke or polluted air mass flow and temperatures. The chemical composition of the smoke is not explicitly represented but the dispersion is taken into account by using a passive tracer that is injected from the chimney. These simulations result in relative concentrations that can be observed around the building or close to the building facades (see Figure 20).

Even though it has been optimized, the computational time for each case remains high (several hours on 100+ cores) and simulating every possible case is not realistic (considering more than 10 parameters). Therefore, a methodology has been developed using Minamo to build a reduced-order model with a minimal number of simulations. This reduced order model will be used in the future for very quick evaluation and statistical analysis of various scenarios.

In 2016, the activity has also grown outside CFD. As an example, the BATTERIE project aimed to develop a smart control interface for tertiary buildings using model predictive control. Next to this short-term objective, a longer-term objective was to use this interface in the context of the smart grid. Cenaero contributed to this project by developing stochastic methods, taking into account the weather uncertainties in the control of buildings HVAC (for single building control) and distributed optimization methods for simultaneous control of large sets of buildings. A

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FIGURE 19: AIR FLOW TRAJECTORY AND VELOCITY AROUND THE BUILDING

FIGURE 20: RELATIVE POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION AROUND THE BUILDING

DESIGN SPACE EXPLORATION AND OPTIMIZATION

The Minamo team is devoted to the development of Cenaero’s in-house platform dedicated to design space exploration, optimization and data analysis. Minamo, implementing a surrogate-based paradigm, features smart adaptive search algorithms allowing to effectively handle high-dimensional design spaces as well as highly constrained optimization problems. Due to the transversal nature of an optimization process and the quick and easy coupling capabilities of Minamo, our optimization platform is used on a daily basis at Cenaero by the different R&T teams in order to open the full potential for simulation-based engineering and to

supply a maximum of relevant design insights at minimal computational cost.

The year 2016 has focused on enhancing key capabilities of Minamo in order to strengthen our position as key optimization partner. Minamo v2.5 was released in March 2016, with many new features and improvements. Among others, developments in the algorithmic library have been pursued targeting the challenge related to highly constrained design problems within the framework of the EI-OPT project. Mono- and multi-point infill sampling criteria exploiting Probabilistic Support Vector Machines (PSVM) to predict constraint violations have been further developed. PSVM-enabled feasibility probability (see Figure 21) is used to identify the boundary of the feasible domain and to bring in useful information in order to quickly and efficiently drive the

search process towards feasibility.

Figure 22 shows the objective function and constraint viola-tion evolutions (mean of 500 independent runs) on the analyt-ical constrained optimization problem G10. The mono- and

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 20

FIGURE 21: SVM- AND PSVM-BASED CLASSIFICATION

FIGURE 22: EVOLUTION OF THE OPTIMIZATION IN TERMS OF DESIGN ITERATIONS FOR THE G10 TEST CASE (BASED ON 500 INDEPENDENT RUNS)

multi-PSVM-based strategies (named feasibility in the plots) reach faster feasible zones that the default strategy. The PSVM-based mono-point strategy reaches the admis-sible region faster than the default strategy but to the detriment of the objective function convergence. Indeed, mono-point infill criteria generally suffer from the complexity of combining and adjusting exploita-tion, exploration and feasibility in one single additional sample. The devel-oped multi-point strategy allows to quickly identify the admissible region with a good convergence of the objec-tive function. In terms of number of iterations and optimization execution time, the multi-point PSVM-based strategy is generally more powerful than mono-point strategies.

Efficient management of constraints throughout the entire design process really provides opportuni-ties to conceive products surpassing designer expectations. The perfor-mance of the PSVM-based strategy has been demonstrated on an indus-trial-scale demonstrator based on NASA Rotor 37 (see Section Turbomachinery Design).

Within a CIFRE doctoral research project in collaboration with Safran Aircraft Engines and Université de Technologie de Compiègne, low TRL developments related to non-intru-sive multi-fidelity reduced-order models have been pursued, allowing efficient reconstruction of large vectors by smartly combining information from models with different levels of fidelity. Enhancing Non-Intrusive Proper Orthogonal Decom-position (NIPOD) models with multi-fidelity data incorpo-rate more physics into the design intent while remaining

compatible with industrial time frame. This thesis has developed multi-fidelity optimization strat-egies that are broadly applicable to the design of any engineering system considering its physical behavior is assessable at different levels of fidelity. The predicta-bility of the proposed hierarchized multi-fidelity models has been first assessed on the performance indicators of a 1.5-stage booster. Then the developed multi-fidelity methodology has been tested on the constrained maximiza-tion of the isentropic efficiency of the 1.5-stage booster, which is representative of daily optimiza-tions performed in engineering offices. The results have shown a real potential for the proposed surrogate model to capture highly non-linear and localized features of the flow. Figure 23 illustrates the improvement of secondary flows prediction in the OGV outlet plane with the multi-fidelity NIPOD prediction. Adding low-fidelity information indeed helps capturing

new patterns (highlight C in Figure 23).

In 2016, the complete refactoring of Minamo towards a modular and flexible integrative algorithmic platform has been pursued within the strengthened SAFRAN/Cenaero optimization partnership. The new open architecture of Minamo will allow the advanced user to quickly embed any in-house, user-developed method for design of experiments, surrogate modeling or optimization search strategies. This openness will enable rapid algorithmic prototyping and R&T capitalization by consolidating in-house developments in an industry-proven platform. A

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FIGURE 23: COMPARISON OF SECONDARY FLOWS PREDICTION IN THE OGV OUTLET PLANE

HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FACILITIES

The Tier-1 supercomputer of the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles operated by Cenaero entered its third year of operation. The supercomputer counts more than 14,000 compute cores delivering a compute capacity of more than 400 Tflop/s (Rpeak). It reached a remarkable effective usage rate of more than 90 % and it showed a 99.5 % availability over the year. The efficient operation of the machine has been continuously monitored by the steering committees gathering the interested parties, namely the Walloon Region, Universities – through the CÉCI consortium – and Cenaero, which will insure further improvements of the service provided to these communities.

In order to report some of the many success stories related to the Tier-1, Cenaero organized on October 10, 2016 an HPC event in Gosselies. More than 110 people attended the event where presentations were given by key leaders active in fundamental, applied or industrial research (see https://tier1.cenaero.be/fr/outcomeEventHPC2016).

Besides, Cenaero remained actively involved in the follow up of the participation of Belgium to the PRACE (Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe) initiative which is drawing the new model of high-end provision of HPC resources in Europe. This framework also involves coordination of involvement of all interested parties in HPC in Belgium.

COMPOSITE LABORATORY

In the effort of studying better ways to manufacture and design composites, Cenaero’s Composite Innovation Lab was used over the past year in different research projects.

Processing with Bio-sourced composite materials is a new hot topic as materials need to reach better environmental performances. Within the MACOBIO Project, Cenaero has therefore been adapting numerical tools, for design & optimization, impregnation, and cure prediction to account for specific properties and configuration of fibers and resins in a robust design process.

Parts such as the one illustrated in Figure 24 have been designed and build using vacuum assisted infusion and show appropriate processing conditions and properties that should compete with glass fibers at equivalent weight.

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 INFRASTRUCTURES22

INFRASTRUCTURES6

FIGURE 24: CONCEPT CAR FRAME MADE FROM 100 % BIO-SOURCES MATERIALS (RESIN / FLAX FIBERS / CORK CORE) DESIGNED FOR

EQUIVALENT PROPERTIES TO GLASS FIBER REFERENCE

The CNC 5 axis machine, acquired in 2015, is now used both for machining of plugs and moulds (see in Figure 25) for prototype and proof of concept manufacturing. Also this machine is used in the trimming and drilling of composite parts with dedicated composite tools to reduce fiber pull-out and delamination problems.

The lab is currently being used in several projects for activities covering fields as diverse as thermal optimization, bio-sources materials, machining of multi-materials parts and prototyping of composite vertical wind turbine blades using braided reinforcement fibers. These projects give the opportunity to collaborate with different research centers and universities and put together the capabilities of each to explore the benefits of intimate collaboration of experimental activities and simulation predictions and analysis.

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FIGURE 25: COMPOSITE ACTIVITIES IN THE LAB RANGING FROM FIRST PROTOTYPE MOULD TO THE FULL 3D SCAN OF THE COMPOSITE PART TO VALIDATE GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCES

The certification of Cenaero against the EN 9100:2009 standard firstly obtained in June 2013 has been successfully renewed after the 2016 external audit performed by Bureau Veritas certification. The audit highlighted amongst some other strengths that the client satisfaction is a value strongly integrated in the company culture and that the teams’ reactivity contributes to its improvement. The audit also confirmed the ability of the organization – recognized by the clients – to supply services satisfying relevant technical requirements and the underlying competence and expertise of the employees of Cenaero.

The continuous improvement of the organization and its performance was besides pursued. For instance, the purchase process has been improved. The development of Key Performance Indicators to measure the profitability of our projects has also been further developed over the year. The management of our projects has been adjusted aiming to allow a better exploitation of the available resources.

The follow up of these actions and their results has been reviewed systematically by the Quality Steering Committee of the organization making sure the planned improvements are effectively being considered and then implemented.

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 2016 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM24

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM7

JEC (Mission AWEX) March 8-10 > Paris, France

Journée des Entreprises, Université de Mons February 2nd > Mons, Belgique

Journées de l'Industries, Université catholique de Louvain March 1st > Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique

JobFair, Université libre de Bruxelles March 3rd > Bruxelles, Belgique

Forum Entreprises, Université de Liège March 9 > Liège, Belgique

Métamorphose May 1st > Liège, Belgique

Mission Composite Meeting Nantes - AWEX September 1st > Nantes, France

Intelligent Building Systems November 8-9 > Paris, France

Pollutec (Mission AWEX) November 29 – December 2 > Lyon, France

FAIRS & EVENTS

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Acronym Title Type Coordinator

3DCOATERPlateforme combinée d’outils de revêtement par voie humide et par voie sèche d’objets 3D à l’échelle pilote pré-industrielle (3D COmbined wet and dry CoATERs)

ERDF 2014-2020 (WAL) CRM (BE)

APPLES Aerodynamic Performance Prediction using Large Eddy FIRST DoCA (WAL) Cenaero (BE)

ATALANTA Accurate, adaptive Large Eddy Simulations for Aerodynamics and Wind Turbines Applications BEWARE (WAL) Cenaero (BE)

BATTERIE Développement pour une interface pour les BATiments Tertiaires Efficaces intégrés au Réseau Electrique Indépendant CWALity (WAL) 3E (BE)

BOPACS Boltless assembling Of Primary Aerospace Composite Structures FP7 (EU) NLR (NL)

CASCADE Concentré de technologies d’avenir FSN (FR) Safran Helicopter Engines (FR)

CEMDAM Computation of structural EleMents with DAMage and fracture BEWARE (WAL) Cenaero (BE)

CIMEDE2 Construction Industrielle de Maisons Evolutives, Durables et Economiques 2

Plan Marshall (WAL) Atelier de l’Avenir (BE)

EI-OPT Environnement Intégré d’Optimisation Multiphysique Plan Marshall (WAL) NUMFLO (BE)

ELCI Environnement Logiciel pour le Calcul Intensif FSN (FR) Bull (FR)

ENOVAL Engine Module Validators FP7 (EU) MTU Aero Engines (GER)

EVOLUTIONThe Electric Vehicle revOLUTION enabled by advanced materials highly hybridized into lightweight components for easy integration and dismantling providing a reduced life cycle cost logic

FP7 (EU) Pininfarina (IT)

FIPS Developing Hardware and Design Methodologies for Heterogeneous Low Power Field Programmable Servers FP7 (EU) OFFIS (GER)

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 RESEARCH PROJECTS26

RESEARCH PROJECTS9

HCOMP Développement de pièces en matériaux COMPosites CWALity (WAL) Sobelcomp (BE)

HIPAC Hybrides (verre-carbone) Plan Marshall (WAL) CISSOID (BE)

HPC4WE Encapsulation Haute Température pour composants semiconducteurs de puissance

Plan Marshall (WAL) GDTech (BE)

IAWATHA High Performance Computing for Walloon Enterprises ERDF 2014-2020 (WAL) Sirris (BE)

MACOBIO InnovAtion en Wallonie pas les TecHnologies Additives ERDF 2014-2020 (WAL) UMons (BE)

MICROLAB Matériaux composites biosourcés Plan Marshall (WAL) Lasea (BE)

NEWA Lab-On-Chip laser Micro-manufacturing ERA-NET (WAL) DTU (DEN)

PRACE New European Wind Atlas ESFRI (WAL) Cenaero (BE)

QUALAM PRACE Supercalculateur Tier-1 Recherche Col-lective (WAL) Sirris (BE)

ROM Quality in Addictive Manufacturing IRT (FR) IRT SystemX (FR)

SmartHeat Réduction de modèles et Optimisation Eurostars (WAL) Stûv (BE)

TECCOMA Multiphysiques Plan Marshall (WAL) Sonaca (BE)

TILDA Research and development of a new generation of heat storage wood burning appliances. H2020 (EU) NUMECA (BE)

TOICA Technologies avancées pour pièces complexes et intégrées FP7 (EU) Airbus Operations (FR)

TOPPRINT Towards Industrial LES/DNS in Aeronautics – Paving the Way for Future Accurate CFD

Recherche Collective (WAL) Sirris (BE)

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C. Beauthier, “Multi-Disciplinary Surrogate-Assisted Optimization Activities at Cenaero”, Lorentz Center workshop “SAMCO: Surrogate-Assisted Multi-Criteria Optimization”, 29 February – 4 March 2016, Lorentz Center Leiden, The Netherlands

P. Schrooyen, A. Turchi, K. Hillewaert, T. Magin, P. Chatelain, “Unified approach to simulate the thermal response of low density carbon preform materials”, 8th European Workshop on Thermal Protection Systems And Hot Structures, 19-22 April 2016, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

L. Baert, C. Sainvitu, “Surrogate-Assisted Design Space exploration with Minamo MSP6”, TOICA plateau, 17-19 May 2016, Toulouse, France

B. Wucher, D. Dumas, T. Pardoen, C. Bailly, P. Martiny, F. Lani, “Generic tooling compensation strategy to minimize cure-induced distortions”, International conference on Computational Methods in Manufacturing Processes (ICOMP), 18-20 May 2016, Liège, Belgium

A. François, E. Wyart, N. Poletz, “Numerical Challenges in Additive Manufacturing Process Simulations”, Additive Manufacturing Workshop, ULB, 26-27 May 2016, Brussels, Belgium

V. Baudoui, E. Chérière, C. Sainvitu, “Réduction de dimension pour l’optimisation en grande dimension”, Journée 3AF, 31 May 2016, ONERA Châtillon, France

T. Benamara, P. Breitkopf, I. Lepot, C. Sainvitu, “Multi-Fidelity Extension To Non-Intrusive Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Surrogates”, Paper ID: E9174, VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS Congress 2016), Full-Paper Proceedings, 5-10 June 2016, Crete Island, Greece

R. Chocat, P. Beaucaire, L. Debeugny, J.-P. Lefebvre, C. Sainvitu, P. Breitkopf, E. Wyart, “Reliability Analysis In Fracture Mechanics According To Combined Failure Criteria”, VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS Congress 2016), Full-Paper Proceedings, ECCOMAS 2016, 5-10 June 2016, Crete Island, Greece

T. Benamara, P. Breitkopf, I. Lepot, C. Sainvitu, “Multi-Fidelity Extension To Non-Intrusive P OD models: Application to the design of a 1.5 stage booster”, ECCOMAS 2016, 5-10 June 2016, Crete Island, Greece

R. Chocat, P. Beaucaire, L. Debeugny, J.-P. Lefebvre, C. Sainvitu, P. Breitkopf, E. Wyart, “Reliability Analysis In Fracture Mechanics According To Combined Failure Criteria”, ECCOMAS 2016, 5-10 June 2016, Crete Island, Greece

J.-S. Cagnone, K. Hillewaert, “A multiple reference-frame formulation for the discontinuous Galerkin method”, ECCOMAS 2016, 5-10 June 2016, Crete Island, Greece

A. François, “Numerical model for thermal analysis of laser based Additive manufacturing processes”, ECCOMAS 2016, 5-10 June 2016, Crete Island, Greece

E. Wyart, B. Dompierre, O. Pierard, L. Debugny, D. Soria, “10 years of industrial application of XFEM”, ECCOMAS 2016, 5-10 June 2016, Crete Island, Greece

A. Frère, K. Hillewaert, P. Chatelain, G. Winckelmans, “Wall Model for Discontinuous Galerkin Implicit Large Eddy Simulations”, ECCOMAS 2016, 5-10 June 2016, Crete Island, Greece

O. Pierard, Y. Jin, E. Wyart, B. Dompierre, E. Béchet, “Simulation of contact on crack lips and its influence on fatigue life prediction”, International Conference on Multiaxial Fatigue and Fracture, 1-3 June 2016, Sevilla, Spain

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 SCIENTIFIC &TECHNICAL DISSEMINATION28

SCIENTIFIC &TECHNICAL DISSEMINATION10

A. Parmentier, B. Wucher, D. Dumas, “Influence of the fibre Volume fraction parameter on the Prediction of the Cure-induced deformations in thermoset composite parts”, European conference on composite materials 2016, 25-30 June 2016, Munich, Germany

T. Benamara, “Innovative global optimization methods based on adaptive multi-fidelity metamodels applied to turbomachinery design”, JDD Safran at Safran Aircraft Engines, 10 July 2016, Villaroche, France

Z. Zeren, K. Hillewaert, T. Pinto, A. Ferhati, M. Serri, M. Malagutti, “Optimisation of electron beam generated inclined conical pin fins for efficient heat sinks”, Heat Transfer 2016, 7-9 September 2016, Ancona, Italy

K. Siau, C. Beauthier, J. Blanchard, S. Pecceu, C. Verhelst, “Optimization of flexible demand of a cluster of buildings via distributed model predictive control”, Eucco 2016, 4th European Conference on Computational Optimization, 12-14 September 2016, Leuven, Belgium

S. Zein, V. Madhavan, D. Dumas “An algorithm to compute the ply layout of a composite structure with manufacturing rules”, SAMPE Europe ‘16, 13-15 September 2016, Liège, Belgium

S. Ryelandt, A. Favache, B. Dompierre, A. François, A. Simar, “A new approach for determining elasto-viscoplastic constitutive law of materials by nanoindendation”, Colloque « Indentation 2016 », 12-14 October 2016, Lille, France

V. Madhavan, D. Dumas, P. Bara, “Design of near pure mode II specimens for the assessment of dis-bond stopping features in composite joints using X-FEM”, European Aeronautic Science Network ‘16, 18-20 October 2016, Porto, Portugal

I. Lepot, “Online Surrogate-Assisted Turbomachinery Design Optimization @ Cenaero”, VKI Workshop on Turbomachinery Aerodynamic and Multidisciplinary Optimization: Current State of the Art and Future Trends, 15 November 2016, Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium

R. Nahkoul, L. Arbaoui, “Multiscale Modelling of Sintering Printed Nano-Ink Process Exploring the Design Freedom of Additive Manufacturing through Simulation”, Nafems, 22–23 November 2016, Helsinki, Finland

S. Pecceu, “Le SIG 3D au service des études environnementales en milieu urbain”, 6e Apéro Géomatique & Innovation AFIGEO – 1Spatial, 29 November 2016, Paris, France

T. Benamara, P. Breitkopf, A. Otsmane, C. Sainvitu, “Optimisation assistée par métamodèles multi-fidélité adaptatifs - Application à la conception de turbomachines”, Evaluation HCERES / UTC 2016, 6 December 2016, Compiègne, France

R. Chocat, P. Breitkopf, L. Debeugny, E. Wyart, “Evaluation de la fiabilité de composants de moteurs spatiaux en tolérance aux dommages”, Evaluation HCERES / UTC 2016, 6 December 2016, Compiègne, France

S. Pecceu, “Vers une convergence BIM - SIG pour des projets urbains 4.0”, AM/FM-GIS Belux, BIM ET GIS, Une collaboration oui, mais pourquoi et comment ?”, 15 December 2016, Gembloux, Belgium

Y. Jin, O. Pierard, E. Wyart, E. Béchet, “Crack lip contact modeling based on Lagrangian multipliers with X-FEM Advances in Discretization Methods”, Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp 123-142

H. Asadi Kalameh, O. Pierard, C. Friebel, E. Béchet, “Semi-implicit representation of sharp features with level sets. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design” 117 (2016), pp 31-45

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Asset

31-12-16 31-12-15

Fixed Assets 1.925.764 3.140.054

Intangible fixed assets 1.407 4.183

Tangible fixed assets 1.485.887 2.754.952

A - Land and buildings 0 0

B - Plant, machinery and equipment 1.348.791 2.591.816

C - Furniture and vehicles 14.815 13.853

D - Leases and similar rights 0 0

E - Other tangible fixed assets 122.281 149.283

F - Assets under construction and advance payments 0 0

Financial assets 20.423 20.423

Financial assets receivable after one year

Ongoing work 418.047 360.497

Current Assets 4.940.029 6.288.112

Amounts receivable within one year 3.976.175 5.080.239

A - Trade debtors 818.428 768.006

B - Other receivables 3.157.746 4.312.232

Short term deposit 0 0

Cash and cash equivalents 780.992 1.051.393

Accruals 182.862 156.480

TOTAL 6.865.792 9.428.166

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 FINANCIAL RESULTS OF CENAERO ASBL30

FINANCIAL RESULTS OF CENAERO ASBL11

Liabilities

31-12-16 31-12-15

Equities 3.437.212 4.564.967

Capital 422.128 422.128

Reserves 120.840 120.840

Accumulated Profit/Loss 1.472.483 1.335.729

Investment grants 1.421.761 2.686.270

Provisions and differed taxes

A - provision for risks and charges 0 0

Debts 3.428.580 4.863.199

Amounts payable after one year 2.318.281 2.478.579

Amounts payable within one year 847.484 2.271.841

A - Current portion of long term debts 434 1.500.311

B - Loans 0 0

C - Trade debts 224.039 167.405

E - Taxes, remuneration and social security 601.761 582.460

F - Other debt 21.249 21.665

Accruals 262.815 112.779

Total 6.865.792 9.428.166

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Income statement

31-12-16 31-12-15

Revenues 6.329.050 6.955.796

A - Turnover 2.149.546 2.809.943

Ongoing work 57.551 -579.739

D - Subsidies 4.047.232 4.649.679

E - Other operating income 74.721 75.914

Operating expenses 6.186.243 6.776.004

A - Raw materials, consumables and goods for resale 320.257 313.323

B - Services and other goods 1.338.634 1.473.447

C - Remuneration, social security and pension 3.234.228 3.506.143

D - Depreciation 1.288.002 1.482.000

E - Value reduction on stocks and receivables 0 0

G - Other operating expenses 5.121 1.091

Operating profit 142.807 179.792

Financial income 1.215 4.856

Financial expenses 9.710 1.824

Profit before taxes and extraordinary items 134.312 182.824

Exceptional revenues 3.751 0

Exceptional expenses 0 15.209

Result before taxes 138.062 167.615

Taxes 1.309 4.411

Profit for the period 136.754 163.204

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 FINANCIAL RESULTS OF CENAERO ASBL32

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HOW TO CONTACT US

T. +32 (0)71 910 930F. +32 (0)71 910 931M. info@cenaero.bewww.cenaero.bewww.linkedin.com/company/cenaero

CENAERO ASBL

Rue des Frères Wight 29B-6041 GosseliesBelgium

CENAERO FRANCE SASU

Rue Benjamin Délessert 462 - BP 83F-77554 Moissy-CramayelFrance

FEDER

LE FONDS EUROPÉEN DE DÉVELOPPEMENT RÉGIONAL ET LA WALLONIE INVESTISSENT DANS VOTRE AVENIR