annual report 1998-1999 - uta.fi

University of TampereResearch Unit for Urban and Regional Development

Annual Report 1998-1999

Contents

From pair to unit: From management to development 5

Business idea and objectives 6

Bases of Sente activities 7

Sente philosophy 8

Research group 10

Finance 10

Projects 1998 - 1999 12

Doctoral dissertation 16

Publications 17

Sente-publications 17

Researchers’ publications 1998 - 1999 18

Papers in international conferences 26

From pair to unit:From management to development

The Department of Regional Studies and Environmental Policy has carried out re-search or taken part in planning and implementing of education for a long time inSouth Ostrobothnia. At the beginning of 1997 the Director of the Regional Council ofSouth Ostrobothnia proposed that the Department of Regional Studies and Environ-mental Policy extend theirs activities to the region. The extension of the Department,based on discussions between the several key interest groups1, was realised in the formof a project organisation, named Seinäjoki Unit for Regional Management Studies(Sente). The establishment of Sente was based on the following:

• Sente is to be a part of the University of Tampere, Department of Regional Studies andEnvironmental Policy

• The activity of Sente will be financed by projects, it will work as long as there is ademand for its research and development services.

• Sente will be located in the town of Seinäjoki and in the city of Tampere. The researchobjects may be situated anywhere at all.

Sente started activities in the beginning of 1998 in Seinäjoki with Markku Sotarautaand Reija Linnamaa. During the same year Timo Lakso (in March) and Kimmo Vil-jamaa (later in the spring) joined Sente. In 1999 Mika Raunio also joined the group.From the beginning, several professionals in regional development have taken part inSentes’ activities by working on their doctoral dissertations in addition to their regularjobs. (See chapter entitled ”research group”). In the beginning of the new millenniumKati-Jasmin Kosonen, Tomi Lähteenmäki, Nina Mustikkamäki and Matti Mäki joinedthe group. The pair had turned into a unit.

In December 1999 the former name of the unit was changed into Research Unit forUrban and Regional Development Studies. Sentes’ activities concentrated on themesof regional planning and management but also more widely in regional development.Sentes’ activities were based on close co-operation between the town of Seinäjoki, thecity of Tampere and Tampere Region Centre of Expertise Programme.

1 The Regional Council of South Ostrobothnia, the town of Seinäjoki, University of Helsinki SeinäjokiInstitute for Rural Research and Training, Institute for Extension Studies University of Tampere SeinäjokiDivision and Seinäjoki Polytechnic.

Sente - Annual Report 1998 - 1999

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Business idea and objectives

Business idea

Sente is a research unit intended to serve regional and especially urban regionaldevelopment. Its basic mission is to increase he understanding of the dynamics of thedevelopmental processes from the perspective of competitiveness, planning andmanagement. Sente is thus an R&D unit for urban regional development. The aim is todevelop new approaches and methods for the promotion of urban and regionaldevelopment.

Sente supports strategic development by generating new information, by applyingresearch which has been done elsewhere to regions of co-operation (especially theurban regions of Tampere and Seinäjoki) and by serving as a source of ideas in regionaldevelopment, as a sparring partner and, if necessary, as a critical counterforce.

Sentes’ activities focus on research. It takes part in education and consultation inco-operation with the strategic and project partners. Sentes’ researchers take part, ifnecessary, in strategic work as experts.

On a general level research addresses the following themes

• Regional policy

• Urban policy

• LED policy

On the special level research addresses the following themes:

• Innovative regional development

- To develop and analyse the development concepts based on knowhow and innova-tion.

• Urban competitiveness and economic development policy in the information and net-work society

- To recognise elements of knowhow and innovation based development in the future.

• Planning and Management in the network society

- To analyse the development networks and to develop their strategic activities

• Firm networks and economic clusters

- The global and local dynamics of economic activity.

Overall objectives

• To create a specialised unit for the promotion of strategic development in urban regions.

• To strengthen the theoretical bases and create practical applications for promotion ofstrategic development in urban regions.


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Specific objectives

• To support the development of regions and urban regions especially the urban regions ofTampere and Seinäjoki through research and development services.

• To produce research results which are both theoretically and practically applicable andreadily acceptable from the perspective of action.

• To establish a creative and dynamic mode of action which supports the researchers’personal commitment both to the activities of Sente and the future of each individual.

Bases of Sente activities

The developed economies are shifting from industrial society towards post-industrialsociety, called, for example, information or network society, characterised by informa-tion, which is the most important element of production. More commonly it is be-lieved that the competitiveness is based on ability to produce, process and effectivelyapply the information and data. Consequently, knowledge, learning and innovationhave emerged as key themes in developing competitiveness. At the same time, thesignificance of administrative and functional border crossing networklike co-opera-tion has increased.

A new kind of overlapping of international, national and local activities is typical ofglobal economies. Earlier the borders of regions, institutions, sectors and organisa-tions defined the location and position of actors. Nowadays the position of regions andorganisations is defined more often by knowhow and ability constantly to developtheir own activities.

At the same time, the competition of firms, jobs and skilled people between theurban regions is stiffening. Furthermore, the emphasis in economic development pol-icy has been shifting from different interventions and subventions into the develop-ment of competitiveness. The concept of competitiveness has also become wider fromthe perspective of competitiveness of firms in the direction of a comprehensive out-look. Continuous developing of competitiveness assumes information about economicclusters, elements of competitiveness, institutional capacity for development, qualityof living environment, management in the development of the urban region etc.

Continuous emphasis on learning and knowhow raise the need for co-operationbetween research and development activities. Interaction between research and prac-tice can support the development of regions for instance

• by producing new information about the essential phenomena concerning urbandeveloping and development.

• by increasing the understanding of the organisational changes intented to promote learning.


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• by supporting the continuous development of development concepts by recognising thebottlenecks and providing solutions to remove them.

• by supporting strategic planning by analysing both the elements of strategies, quality ofprocesses and changes of operating environments.

• by supporting the connections between the users and the producers of the new informa-tion.

• by recognising on the one hand the obstacles to developing network relationships and onthe other hand the opportunities for netlike activity.

• by increasing the understanding of relationships between organisational communication,interactive learning and the development of the urban region.

• by pointing the relationships between sectoral strategies from the perspective of overallurban development.

• by producing the outlooks of possible futures in urban regions.

FIGURE 1. Bases of Sente activities; constant meaning of interaction between re-search and practice.

Sente philosophy

Literally “sente” means ‘the leading hand’, but is best translated by the words ‘havingthe offensive’ . The sente merely means that the player having it can compel his adver-sary to respond to his moves or else sustain worse damage, and sometimes one playerwill have the “sente” in one part of the board, and his adversary may disregard theattack and, by playing in some other quarter, take the “sent”e there. At all events

Research

DevelopingEducation andconsultation

New information

New information

New questions andresearch objects

New ways of thinkingand acting

New ways ofthinking and acting


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having “sente” is an advantage, but it is not a static state, rather it is a dynamic never-ending endeavour to seize it.

In the Research Unit for Urban and Regional Development Studies, Sente refers to a never-ending endeavour to be a forerunner in one’s own field, it is a quest for “something new”.

Sente’s research work focuses on various decentralised systems, it focuses on gamesplayed in various regional and urban policy fields characterised by shared power.

Decentralised and pluralistic system

As many old beliefs and systems crumble, it would appear that in the 1990s we aremoving from centralised, highly co-ordinated practices towards more self-guiding,decentralised and pluralistic systems. It may be that we are witnessing the emergenceof a system of governance that leads to a multiple overlapping negotiation systembetween various actors (both in the public and private sectors) at different levels. Itseems that the only way to cope with the current pace of changes is to accept andbenefit from an increasing interplay between various actors at different levels. In thiscase there is no monolithic centre which exerts extensive governance over factorsdetermining development, and thus formal and hierarchical policy-making no longerhas such an important role in the formation of development as it once had.

In decentralised systems “sente” refers to a continuous endeavour to transcend inward-lookingaims of the various organisations and to find “third solutions” and thus promote sharedinterests and objectives.

Therefore managers should be able to become increasingly skilled in managing changeand networks. They will have to learn to ride out turbulent conditions by going withthe flow, recognising that they are always managing processes and flux rather thanstability defining the order of things.

Regional management

Regional management is based on a network-like mode of action in which severalinterest groups take part. In addition, it seems obvious that there is no “third party” tocontrol the network, but rather there is a process controlling itself, in which powerdoes not refer only to traditional direct authoritative power, but to the power that isgained by an ability to argue and communicate, to see the logic other actors depend on,to see and understand their goals and strategies, and to find natural points of contactbetween strategies, i.e. to create local/regional development in co-operation with manyorganisations in a continuous strategy process. In this work the managers’ role is tolocate possible partners, and to convince them to become in some way involved inlocal/regional development partnerships.


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In regional management sente refers to a continuous endeavour to govern change and managenetworks so that change may not govern us and so that networks do not begin to live lives oftheir own.

Research group

In practice Sente is a research group of eleven people. Eight of them are full-timeresearchers and three of them are working on research project besides their main occu-pation.

Full time researchers

• Markku Sotarauta, Ph.D., Professor

• Reija Linnamaa, Lic.Sc., M.Sc., Researcher

• Timo Lakso, M.Sc., Researcher

• Kimmo Viljamaa, M.Sc., Researcher

• Tomi Lähteenmäki, M.Sc., Researcher 2000-

• Kati-Jasmin Kosonen, M.Sc., Researcher 2000-

• Nina Mustikkamäki, B.Sc.(Arch.), Research Assistant 2000-

• Matti Mäki, Lic.Sc., M.Sc., Senior Researcher 2000-

Part time researchers

• Juha Kostiainen, M.Sc., Business Development Director (City of Tampere)

• Virpi Aarnio, M.sc., Principal of the Alajärvi Institute

• Jari Iisakkala, Lic.Sc., M.Sc., Business Development Director (City of Pori)

This annual report mainly presents the activities of the full-time researchers.

Finance

The economy of the projects was as follows:

• In 1998 expenditure totalled FIM 898 870, including Timo Laksos’ scholarship FIM55 000.

• In 1999 expenditure totalled FIM 1 097 180, including the scholarships of Timo Laksoand Juha Kostiainen total FIM 134 500.

The amounts of the scholarships are with “other” in Figures 2 and 3.


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FIGURE 2. Funding of Sente projects in 1998

FIGURE 3. Funding of Sente projects in 1999

Sente was established in 1998 around the project “Borderless South Ostrobothnia”financed by the Regional Council of South Ostrobothnia, the town of Seinäjoki andthe European Social Fund. The idea was to implement the project and create a widerset of projects. In the beginning the other projects were quite small compared to “Bor-deless South Ostrobothnia”.


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Projects 1998 - 1999

BORDERLESS SOUTH OSTROBOTHNIA : CREATING NEW POLICY -MAKING AND

MANAGEMENT APPROACHES FOR A WORLD OF SHARED POWER

Researchers: Markku Sotarauta and Reija Linnamaa

Period: 1998-2000

Funding: Town of Seinäjoki, Regional Council of South Ostrobothniaan European Social Fund

Research task: To create policy-making and management approaches andmethods for a world of shared power. Main objectives: Tosupport the creation of an issue based and innovative regionalgovernance system in South Ostrobothnia.

CITY WEB –INFORMATION SYSTEM

Researcher: Markku Sotarauta (implemented in co-operation with ICL).

Period: 1998-1999

Funding: City of Tampere

Research task: To create an information system functioning in the Internet forthe policy-network of Tampere urban region. Main objective:To support promotion of development in the Tampere sub-re-gion by making meetings more effective, to support the func-tioning of urban development network by intesifying prepara-tion of meetings, redusing the need for meetings and outliningongoing discussion on the development of the urban region ofTampere.

VALUE ADDED IN LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICY : PARTNERSHIP

ANALYSIS IN THE POLICY -NETWORKS OF MUNICIPALITIES

Researchers: Markku Sotarauta, Reija Linnamaa and Kimmo Viljamaa

Period: 1998 - 1999

Funding: The cities of Tampere, Turku and Oulu, and towns of Seinäjokiand Imatra.

1998

1998

1998


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Research task: To clarify the division of labour between municipalities in thepromotion of local economic development sub-regions. Mainobjectives: To identify possible roles of different municipali-ties in the promotion of local economic development in thecase sub-regions and to make partnership profiles for everymunicipality involved in the project.

DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH OSTROBOTHNIA AND PROGRAMME -BASED

REGIONAL POLICY

Researchers: In co-operation with the Institute for Extension Studies, Uni-versity of Tampere, Seinäjoki Division. Markku Sotarauta asmanager of education and Reija Linnamaa as a reseacher.

Period: 1998 - 1999

Funding: Regional Council of South Ostrobothnia

EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMES OF SOUTH OSTROBOTHNIA

Researcher: Reija Linnamaa. Implemented in co-operation with the Uni-versity of Vaasa Research Centre and the University of Helsin-ki, Seinäjoki Institute for Rural Research and Training.

Period: 1998 – 1999

Funding: Employment and Economic Development Centre of SouthOstrobothnia

Research task: To evaluate operational programmes in South Ostrobothnia

QUALITY OF LIVING ENVIRONMENT IN URBAN COMPETITIVENESS

Researchers Mika Raunio, Reija Linnamaa and Markku Sotarauta

Period: 1999 - 2001

Funding: The cities of Helsinki, Tampere, Turku, Jyväskylä and the townsof Pori and Seinäjoki

Research task: To analyse the significance of living environment as a com-petitive advantage in urban regions. Main objectives: To ascertains the meaning of living environment and its variouselements in attracting highly skilled labour to urban regions; toelaborate connections between urban competitiveness and livingenvironment.

1998

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EVALUATION OF THE STRATEGIC OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME OF THE

NORTHERN TAMPERE REGION

Researchers: Markku Sotarauta and Kimmo Viljamaa

Period: 1999 – 2000

Funding: The municipalities of Ruovesi and Kuru, the town of Virratand the Council of Tampere Region

Research task: To create new approaches for the evaluation of the promotionof regional development and to support learning processes inthe Northern Tampere Region.

TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION PROGRAMME FOR SEINÄJOKI URBAN REGION

Researchers: Mika Kautonen and Jari Kolehmainen (Work Research Center,University of Tampere) and Markku Sotarauta

Period: 1999

Funding: Municipalities of Seinäjoki region

Research task: To create a technology and innovation programme for Seinä-joki region. The main objectives are to promote the innovationability of the firms in the region and to identify innovation sys-tems bottlenecks and needs for development in the region.

GOVERNANCE OF CHANGE AND POLICY -NETWORKS: K AINUU AS A CASE INPOINT

Researchers: Markku Sotarauta and Timo Lakso

Period: 1999-2000

Funding: The Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities,the town of Kajaani, the Regional Council of Kainuu and theEmployment and Economic Development Centre of Kainuu

Research Task: To identify regional strategies and ways of action in thegovernance of change. Main objectives: To identify botheffective practices and bottlenecks in the regional governanceof change and to identity the roles and strategies of differentactors in the regional governance of change.

1999

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THE NETWORK UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH OSTROBOTHNIA

Researchers: Markku Sotarauta and Timo Lakso; implemented in co-opera-tion with the South Ostrobothnian University Association.

Period: 1999

Funding: Regional Council of South Ostrobothnia

Research task: To create a concept for the network university in South-Ostro-bothnia and develop facilities for enhancing the level of know-how in the region.

PARTNERSHIP ANALYSIS IN CO-OPERATION BETWEEN MUNICIPALITIES IN THE

URBAN REGION OF PORI

Researchers: Markku Sotarauta, Reija Linnamaa and Kimmo Viljamaa

Period: 1999

Funding: The municipalities of the urban region of Pori

Research task: To clarify the relationships between sub-regional and local ac-tivities. Main objective: To make partnership profiles for mu-nicipalities and to support learning in developing co-operationbetween municipalities.

ANALYSIS OF INTERPROVENCIAL CO-OPERATION RELATIONS IN SEINÄJOKI

URBAN REGION

Researcher: Mika Raunio

Period: 1999 – 2000

Funding: Town of Seinäjoki, the Regional Council of South Ostroboth-nia and the European Social Fund (implemented as a part ofthe Borderless South Ostrobothnia project.)

Research task: To analyse the present of interprovincial co-operation relationsbetween development organisations in Seinäjoki urban region.What kind of valueadded is produced through these relationsto the region and how they are organised as a part of regionaldevelopment activities? The aim is also conceptualise the fieldof co-operation and clarify the different role of interprovencialco-operation and aims as a part of the comprehensive develop-ment process.

1999

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Doctoral dissertation

COMPANIES’ ROLE IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY

Period: 1997-

Researcher: Timo Lakso

Funding: The Foundation for Local Government Development and theUniversity of Tampere

Research task: To analyse co-operation between firms and the public sector inthe promotion of regional development.

URBAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN INFORMATION SOCIETY

Period 1998 -

Researcher Juha Kostiainen

Funding The Foundation for Local Government Development

Research task To identify and develop new UED-policy approaches for Finnishcities and urban regions for the information society.

NON-UNIVERSITY CITIES AND INNOVATION SYSTEM

Period: 1999-

Researcher Kati-Jasmin Kosonen

Funding The Foundation for Local Government Development

Research task To identify how cities and towns that do not have universitiesof their own can improve their competitiveness by innovationsystems.

EFFECTIVE POLICY -NETWORKS AS AN ELEMENT OF URBAN COMPETITIVENESS

Period: 1998 -

Researcher: Reija Linnamaa

Funding: Implemented through several projects of Sente

Research task: To analyse what is the role of policy-networks in urban com-petitiveness and how network management can influence theirfunctionality.


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ENVIRONMENT AS AN ELEMENT OF URBAN COMPETITIVENESS : TEMPTING IMAGES AND

PLEASANT EXPERIENCES AS PLANNING INSTRUMENTS

Period: 1999 -

Researcher: Mika Raunio

Funding: Implemented within the project ”the quality of living environ-ment in urban competitiveness”

Research task: To clarify the meaning of urban and conscious image planningin attracting inhabitants important for urban development.

THE MEANING OF LED POLICY IN CREATING NEW JOBS

Period: 1999-

Researcher: Jari Iisakkala

Research task: To clarify the meaning of LED policy in creating new jobs.

Publications

Sente -publications

1 / 1999 Markku Sotarauta & Reija Linnamaa & Kimmo Viljamaa. Kumppanitpeilinä: Elinkeinopoliittisen seutuyhteistyön profiilit Tampereen, Tu-run ja Imatran seuduilla sekä Ouluseudulla ja Seinänaapureissa. (Part-ners as a mirror: Profiles of economic development policy co-opera-tion in Tampere, Turku, Imatra, Oulu and Seinänaapurit sub-regions)

2 / 1999 Markku Sotarauta & Reija Linnamaa (eds.). Etelä-Pohjanmaan strate-gioita ja kehittämismallia etsimässä: Pehmeä strategia maakuntasuun-nittelussa. (Searching for strategies and development models in SouthOstrobothnia: Soft strategy in province planning).

3 / 1999 Markku Sotarauta & Reija Linnamaa & Kimmo Viljamaa. Karhukun-nat peilissä: Seutuyhteistyön lähtökohdat, esteet ja mahdollisuudetPorin seudulla. (Municipalities of Pori region in the mirror: Startingpoints, obstacles and opportunities of regional co-operation in Poriregion).


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4 / 1999 Markku Sotarauta & Timo Lakso & Sami Kurki. Alueellisen os-aamisympäristön vahvistaminen: Etelä-Pohjanmaan korkeakouluverko-ston toimintamalli. (Strengthening the regional knowhow environment:Actionmodel for the network university in South Ostrobothnia).

Researchers’ publications 1998-1999

Lakso Timo

LAKSO, T. 1998. Näkökulmia tutkimuksen ja alueellisen kehittämisenvälisiin yhteyksiin: esimerkkinä Etelä-Pohjanmaan tutkimus-ohjelmatyö (Notions on the Connections between Research andRegional Development Policy). Uudistuva maaseutu. Universityof Helsinki, Institute for Rural Research and Training, seriesTiedotuslehti 2/98, p. 18-23. Seinäjoki.

LAKSO, T. & Niemelä, J. & Ristaniemi, O. 1998. Etelä-Pohjanmaantutkimusohjelma (Research Programme of South Ostrobothnia).University of Helsinki Institute for Rural Research and Trainingand the Regional Council of South-Ostrobothnia. Reports andarticles 60. Seinäjoki.

LAKSO, T. & Ristaniemi, O. 1998. Etelä-Pohjanmaan tavoitteenavahva kehitystä edistävä tutkimusverkosto (South Ostrobothniaaiming at strong development supporting research-network).Kuntalehti, Vol. 19. p. 38-39.

Sotarauta, M. & LAKSO, T. & Kurki, S. 1999. Alueellisen osaa-misympäristön vahvistaminen: Etelä-Pohjanmaan korkeakoulu-verkoston toimintamalli. (Strengthening the regional knowhowenvironment: Action model for the network university in SouthOstrobothnia.) University of Tampere. Research Unit for Urbanand Regional Development Studies. Sente-publications 4/1999.Tampere.

Sotarauta, M. & LAKSO, T. & Ristaniemi, O. 1999. Prosessikuvaukset.(Process descriptions) In Sotarauta, M. & Linnamaa, R. (eds.) Etelä-Pohjanmaan strategioita ja kehittämismallia etsimässä: pehmeästrategia maakuntasuunnittelussa. (Searching for strategies anddevelopment model in South-Ostrobothnia: soft strategy in provinceplanning). University of Tampere. Research Unit for Urban andRegional Develoment Studies. Sente -publications 2/1999. Tampere.

1998

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Linnamaa Reija

LINNAMAA, R. 1998. Paikallinen elinkeinopolitiikka ja verkostojenhaaste (LED policy and the challenge of networks). University ofTampere, Department of Regional Studies and EnvironmantalPolicy. Licentiate thesis. Unpublished.

LINNAMAA, R. 1998. The role of the city in the urban developmentnetwork. Abstracts, XII AESOP Congress Planning, Professionalsand Public Expectations. Book of abstracts, pp. 205. July 22-25,Aveiro, Portugal.

Sotarauta, M. & LINNAMAA, R. 1998 Crossing the Many Borders.Finnish Local Development Policies Facing New Challenges. Eu-ropean Planning Studies, Vol 6. No 2, p. 229-235.

Sotarauta, M. & LINNAMAA, R. 1998. The Finnish Multi-Level Pol-icy-Making and the Quality of Local Development Policy Process:The Cases of Oulu and Seinänaapurit Sub-regions. European Plan-ning Studies. Vol. 6, No 5. p. 505-524.

Sotarauta, M. & LINNAMAA, R. 1998. Kaupunkiseudun kehittämisenpullonkaulat ja verkostojen johtaminen (Bottlenecks in the promo-tion of urban development and network management). Kunta-puntari: Kaupunki – maaseutu, vol 5. p. 46-49. Statistics Finland.Helsinki.

Sotarauta, M. & LINNAMAA, R. 1998. Urban Competitiveness andManagement of Urban Policy Networks. Cities at the Millenium,Workshop abstracts. University of East London. London.

LINNAMAA, R. 1999. Asuinympäristö ja verkostot korostuvat. (livingenvironment and networks are emphasising). Kuntapuntari vol. 5/99. Statistics Finland. p. 38-42.

LINNAMAA, R. 1999. Kaupunkiseudun kilpailukyvyn rakenteellisetja dynaamiset elementit. (The structural and dynamic elements ofurban competitiveness). In Sotarauta, M. (ed.) Kaupunkiseutujenkilpailukyky ja johtaminen tietoyhteiskunnassa (Urban Competi-tiveness and Management in the Information Society). The Asso-ciation of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities, Acta-series 106.Helsinki.

Leppänen, M & Vainio, A & LINNAMAA, R. 1999. Etelä-Pohjanmaantyöohjelmien arviointi. (Evaluation of operational programmes ofSouth Ostrobothnia) University of Vaasa Research Centre,publications vol. 80. Vaasa

Leppänen, M & Vainio, A & LINNAMAA, R. 1999. Objective 5Bwork programmes in the region of South Ostrobothnia, Finland.University of Vaasa Research Centre, series palvelututkimuksia,vol 3/1999. Vaasa.

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Sotarauta, M. & LINNAMAA, R. (ed.) 1999. Etelä-pohjanmaanstrategioita ja kehittämismallia etsimässä: pehmeä strategiamaakuntasuunnittelussa. (Searching for strategies and a develop-ment model in South-Ostrobothnia: soft strategy in provinceplanning).University of Tampere. Seinäjoki Unit for RegionalManagement Studies. Sente-publications 2/1999. Tampere.

Sotarauta, M. & LINNAMAA, R. 1999. Johtajuus kaupunkiseudunkehittämisessä: Verkostojen johtamisen osa-alueet, huomion kohteetja elementit. (Management in urban development: Sectors, obser-vation targets and elements of managing networks) In Sotarauta,M.(ed.) Kaupunkiseutujen kilpailukyky ja johtaminen tietoyhteis-kunnassa.(Urban Competitiveness and Management in Informationsociety) The association of Finnish local and regional authorities,Acta-series 106, p. 101-131. Helsinki.

Sotarauta, M. & LINNAMAA, R. 1999. Kehittäjäverkostojen pul-lonkaulat ja verkostojen johtaminen - esimerkkinä kuntien elin-keinopoliittinen yhteistyö. (The bottlenecks of developmentnetwork and management of networks – the LED policy co-operation of municipalities as a case in point). In Siirilä, S. (ed.)Kaupunki- politiikan aika. (The time of Urban Policy). Universityof Tampere, Department of Regional Studies and EnvironmentalPolicy. Series Tiedonantoja 41/1999, p. 79-84. Tampere.

Sotarauta, M. & LINNAMAA, R. 1999. Network Management andInformation Systems in Promotion of Urban Economic Develop-ment: Tampere CityWeb as a Case in Poin. Regional StudiesAssociation. Regional Potentials in an Integrating Europe. Inter-national Conference, Book of abstracts.

Sotarauta, M. & LINNAMAA, R. & Viljamaa, K. 1999. Kumppanitpeilinä. Elinkeinopoliittisen seutuyhteistyön profiilit Tampereen,Turun ja Imatran seuduilla sekä Ouluseudulla ja Seinänaapureissa.(Partners as a mirrow: profiles of economic development policyco-operation in Tampere, Turku, Imatra, Oulu and SeinänaapuritSub-regions). University of Tampere. Seinäjoki Unit for RegionalManagement Studies. Sente-publications 1/1999. Tampere.

Sotarauta, M. & LINNAMAA, R. & Viljamaa, K. 1999. Karhukunnatpeilissä: Seutuyhteistyön lähtökohdat, esteet ja mahdollisuudetPorin seudulla. (Municipalities of Pori region in the mirror: startingpoints, obstacles and opportunities of regional co-operation in thePori region). University of Tampere, Seinäjoki Unit for RegionalManagement Studies. Sente-publications 2/1999. Tampere.

Sotarauta, M. & LINNAMAA, R. & Viljamaa, K. 1999. Elinkeinopo-liittisen seutuyhteistyön kulminaatiopisteet. (Culmination points ofthe LED policy co-operation.). Kunnallistieteellinen aikakauskir-ja, Vol 4/1999, p. 437-448.


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Sotarauta Markku

SOTARAUTA, M. 1998. Teaching Futures Seeking CommunicativePolicy-Processes. American Behavioral Scientist. Vol. 42, No 3. s.449-461.

SOTARAUTA, M. & Linnamaa, R. 1998 Crossing the Many Borders.Finnish Local Development Policies Facing New Challenges. Eu-ropean Planning Studies, Vol 6. No 2, p. 229-235.

SOTARAUTA, M. & Linnamaa, R. 1998. The Finnish Multi-LevelPolicy-Making and the Quality of Local Development PolicyProcess: The Cases of Oulu and Seinänaapurit Sub-regions.European Planning Studies. Vol. 6, No 5. p. 505-524.

Linturi, H. & Malaska, P. & SOTARAUTA, M. 1998. Emerging NewMedia and Learning Environment for Futures Studies: The Case ofthe Finland Futures Academy. Futures, Vol. 30, No 7, p. 745-747.

SOTARAUTA, M. & Linnamaa, R. 1998. Urban Competitiveness andManagement of Urban Policy Networks. Cities at the Millenium,Workshop abstracts. University of East London. London.

SOTARAUTA, M. 1998. In Search of Strategic Consciousness andUsing Plans as Mirrors: The Case of Raisio Town. Book of ab-stracts, p. 112. XII AESOP Congress Planning, Professionals andPublic Expectations, Aveiro, Portugal.

SOTARAUTA, M. 1998. Tulevaisuusakatemia: Yliopistojen verkos-to luo sirpaleista kokonaisuuden (Futures Academy: University-network links fragments into a whole). Mercurius, No 1.

SOTARAUTA, M. 1998. Alue- ja suunnittelututkimuksen viestit tule-vaisuuden tutkimukselle.(The message of regional and planningstudies for the future research). Kuusi, O. & Niiniluoto, I (ed.)Edistyvien ja rikastuvien tieteiden vaikutukset tulevaisuuteen. (Im-pacts of advanced and enriched sciences for the future) Futura,Vol 4, P.123-138

SOTARAUTA, M. & Linnamaa, R. 1998. Kaupunkiseudun kehittämis-en pullonkaulat ja verkostojen johtaminen (Bottlenecks in the pro-motion of urban development and network management). Kunta-puntari: Kaupunki – maaseutu, vol 5, p. 46-49. Statistics Finland.Helsinki.

Riihimaa, J. & SOTARAUTA, M. 1998. Pysyykö E-P tietoyhteiskunnantahdissa (Can South Ostrobothnia cope with information societydevelopment). Ilkka, 6.11.1998. p. 8.

1998


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Vesiluoma, S. & SOTARAUTA, M. 1998. Etelä-Pohjanmaa matkallatietoyhteiskuntaan – nykytila ja seuraavat askeleet (South-Ostro-bothnia in its way towards the information society – current posi-tion and next steps). The Information Society Programme of SouthOstrobothnia. The Regional Council of South-Ostrobothnia.PARADDIS- tietoyhteiskuntahanke. Publication B 11. Seinäjoki.

SOTARAUTA, M. 1999. In Search of Strategic Consciousness andUsing Plans as Mirrors: The Case of Raisio Town. Sociedade eTerritório. Nro 29. pp 16-35

SOTARAUTA, M. 1999. The Quality of Urban Development Strate-gy Process as a Competitive Advantage. Domanski, R. (ed.) Com-petitiveness of regions in the Polish and European perspective,Studia Regionalia, Committee for Space Economy and RegionalPlanning of the Polish Academy of Sciences, vol. 9.

SOTARAUTA, M. 1999. Masterful design or muddling through:Finnish experiences of strategic planning. Abstracts, XIII AESOPCongress. p. 186.

SOTARAUTA, M. & Linnamaa, R. 1999. Network Management andInformation Systems in Promotion of Urban Economic Develop-ment: Tampere CityWeb as a Case in Poin. Regional Studies Asso-ciation. Regional Potentials in an Integrating Europe. Inter- nationalConference, Book of abstracts.

SOTARAUTA, M. (ed.) 1999. Urban Futures: A Loss of Shadows inthe Flowing Spaces? Futura Vol. 18, No 3.

SOTARAUTA, M. 1999. Introducing: The Journey through ForcesShaping Urban Futures. In Sotarauta, M. (ed.) Urban Futures: ALoss of Shadows in the Flowing Spaces? Futura Vol. 18, No 3. p.6-8.

SOTARAUTA, M. 1999. The Game of the Urban Futures: What itTakes to Play in the Network Society? In Sotarauta, M. (ed.) UrbanFutures: A Loss of Shadows in the Flowing Spaces? Futura Vol.18, No 3. p. 138-161.

SOTARAUTA, M. (toim.) 1999. Kaupunkiseutujen kilpailukyky jajohtaminen tietoyhteiskunnassa. (Urban Competitiveness andManagement in Information Society) The Association of FinnishLocal and Regional Authorities, Acta-serie 106. Helsinki.

SOTARAUTA, M. & Kostiainen, J. 1999. Kaupunkiseudut matkallatietoyhteiskuntaan. (Urban areas towards the information society).In Sotarauta, M. (ed.) Kaupunkiseutujen kilpailukyky ja johtaminentietoyhteiskunnassa. (Urban Competitiveness and Management inInformation Society). The association of Finnish local and RegionalAuthorities, Acta-serie 106. p. 10-17.Helsinki.

1999


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SOTARAUTA M. 1999. Uuden tiedon luominen ja informaatiojär-jestelmät kaupunkiseudun kehittämisessä: Esimerkkinä TampereenCityWeb. Creating new information and the information systemsin developing the urban region: Tampere City Web as a Case.). InSotarauta, M. (ed.) Kaupunkiseutujen kilpailukyky ja johtaminentietoyhteiskunnassa. (Urban competitiveness and Management inInformation Society).The Association of Finnish Local and RegionalAuthorities, Acta-serie 106. Helsinki.

SOTARAUTA, M. & Linnamaa, R. 1999. Johtajuus kaupunkiseudunkehittämisessä: Verkostojen johtamisen osa-alueet, huomion kohteetja elementit. (Management in urban developing: sectors, observationtargets and elements of managing networks). In Sotarauta, M. (ed..)Kaupunkiseutujen kilpailukyky ja johtaminen tietoyhteiskunnassa.(Urban Competitiveness and Management in Information Society).The Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities, Acta-serie 106. p. 101-131. Helsinki.

SOTARAUTA, M. 1999. Suomen kaupunkipolitiikka etsii itseään:Näkemyksiä strategisista haasteista ja toimintamalleista. (Finnishurban policy is seeking itself: Outlooks of strategic challenges andactivity models). Ministry of the Interior. Kaupunkipolitiikan yhteis-työryhmän julkaisuja 1/1999. Helsinki.

SOTARAUTA, M. 1999. Näkökulmia suunnitteluajattelun muutok-seen. (Outlooks on the change in thinking of planning). In Knuuti,L. (ed.) Kaupunki vuorovaikutuksessa. (The City in Interaction).Centre for Urban and Regional Studies. Publications C 52. p.89-110. Espoo.

SOTARAUTA, M. & Lakso, T. & Kurki, S. 1999. Alueellisenosaamisympäristön vahvistaminen: Etelä-Pohjanmaan korkea-kouluverkoston toimintamalli. (Strengthening the regional knowhowenvironment: Activity model for the network university in SouthOstrobothnia.) University of Tampere. Research Unit for Urbanand Regional Develoment Studies. Sente-publications 4/1999.Tampere.

SOTARAUTA, M. & Lakso, T. & Ristaniemi, O. 1999. Prosessiku-vaukset. (Process descriptions) In Sotarauta, M. & Linnamaa, R.(ed.)Etelä-Pohjanmaan strategioita ja kehittämismallia etsimässä:pehmeä strategia maakuntasuunnittelussa (Searching for strate-gies and a development model in South-Ostrobothnia: soft strate-gy in province planning). University of Tampere. Research Unitfor Urban and Regional Develoment Studies. Sente -publications2/1999. Tampere.


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SOTARAUTA, M. & Linnamaa, R. (ed.) 1999. Etelä-pohjanmaanstrategioita ja kehittämismallia etsimässä: pehmeä strategiamaakuntasuunnittelussa. (Searching for strategies and a develop-ment model in South Ostrobothnia: soft strategy in provinceplanning).University of Tampere. Seinäjoki Unit for RegionalManagement Studies. Sente-publications 2/1999. Tampere.

SOTARAUTA, M. & Linnamaa, R. 1999. Kehittäjäverkostojen pul-lonkaulat ja verkostojen johtaminen - esimerkkinä kuntien elinkei-nopoliittinen yhteistyö. (The bottlenecks of development networkand management of networks – the LED policy co-operation ofmunicipalities as a case in point). In Siirilä, S. (ed.) Kaupunkipoliti-ikan aika. (The time of Urban policy). University of Tampere, De-partment of Regional Studies and Environmental Policy. SeriesTiedonantoja 41/1999. p. 79-84. Tampere.

SOTARAUTA, M. & Linnamaa, R. & Viljamaa, K. 1999. Kumppanitpeilinä. Elinkeinopoliittisen seutuyhteistyön profiilit Tampereen,Turun ja Imatran seuduilla sekä Ouluseudulla ja Seinänaapureis-sa. (Partners as a mirror: profiles of economic development policyco-operation in Tampere, Turku, Imatra, Oulu and SeinänaapuritSub-regions). University of Tampere. Seinäjoki Unit for RegionalManagement Studies. Sente-publications 1/1999. Tampere.

SOTARAUTA, M. & Linnamaa, R. & Viljamaa, K. 1999. Karhukun-nat peilissä: Seutuyhteistyön lähtökohdat, esteet ja mahdollisuu-det Porin seudulla. (Municipalities of Pori region in the mirror:starting points, obstacles and opportunities of regional co-opera-tion in Pori region).University of Tampere. Seinäjoki Unit for Re-gional Management Studies. Sente-publications 3/1999. Tampere.

SOTARAUTA, M. & Linnamaa, R. & Viljamaa, K. 1999.Elinkeinopoliittisen seutuyhteistyön kulminaatiopisteet. (Culmina-tion points of the LED policy co-operation). Kunnallistieteellinenaikakauskirja, vol 4/1999, p. 437-448.

Kautonen, M. & SOTARAUTA, M. 1999. Ei-yliopistokaupunki jaalueellinen innovaatiojärjestelmä: Näkemyksiä Seinäjoen innovaa-tiokyvykkyydestä. (Non-university city and the regional innovationsystem: Outlooks of the innovation capability of Seinäjoki). InSotarauta, M. (ed.) Kaupunkiseutujen kilpailukyky ja johtaminentietoyhteiskunnassa. (Urban Competitiveness and Management ininformation society). The association of Finnish local and RegionalAuthorities, Acta-serie 106. Helsinki.

Kautonen, M. & SOTARAUTA, M. 1999. Seinänaapurien innovaa-tio-ohjelma. (Innovation programme of Seinäjoki urban region).Seinänänaapurien kumppanuusyhteisö. Seinäjoki.


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Viljamaa Kimmo

Sotarauta, M. & Linnamaa, R. & VILJAMAA, K. 1999. Kumppanitpeilinä. Elinkeinopoliittisen seutuyhteistyön profiilit Tampereen,Turun ja Imatran seuduilla sekä Ouluseudulla ja Seinänaapureis-sa. (Partners as a mirror: profiles of economic development policyco-operation in Tampere, Turku, Imatra, Oulu and SeinänaapuritSub-regions). University of Tampere. Seinäjoki Unit for RegionalManagement Studies. Sente-publications 1/1999. Tampere.

Sotarauta, M. & Linnamaa, R. & VILJAMAA, K. 1999. Karhukunnatpeilissä: Seutuyhteistyön lähtökohdat, esteet ja mahdollisuudetPorin seudulla. (Municipalities of Pori region in the mirror: start-ing points, obstacles and opportunities of regional co-operation inPori region).University of Tampere. Seinäjoki Unit for RegionalManagement Studies. Sente-publications 3/1999. Tampere.

Sotarauta, M. & Linnamaa, R. & VILJAMAA, K. 1999. Elinkeinopo-liittisen seutuyhteistyön kulminaatiopisteet. (Culminationpoints ofthe LED-policy co-operation). Kunnallistieteellinen aikakauskir-ja, vol 4/1999, p. 437-448.

TABLE 1. Publications 1998 - 1999

1999

Publish. in Finland Publish. abroad TotalPublications 1998 - 19991998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999

Monographs 6 6

Refereed articles 2 1 2 1

Articles in edited books 10 1 11

Other scientific publications 2 1 4 2 6 3

Publications edited 3 3

Educational books

Other publications 7 2 7 2

Total 9 22 6 4 14 26


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Papers in international conferences

Lakso Timo

“The Institutional set up of Finnish regional development policy”,University of Nijmegen, Holland. 10.5.1999.

“Strengthening the regional research network. The case of the Re-search Program of South Ostrobothnia Region in Finland”, Universityof Newcastle, UK.

Linnamaa Reija

“The role of the City in the urban development network”, XII AESOPCongress Planning, Professionals and Public Expectations, AESOP,Aveiro, Portugal 23.7. – 26.7.1998.

“Urban Competitiveness and Management of Urban Policy Networks”,Cities at the Millenium, University of East London, London, 17.12. –19.12.1998.

“Network Management and Information System in Promotion of Ur-ban Economic Development: Tampere CityWeb as a Case Point” Re-gional Potentials in an Integrating Europe –International Conference,Regional Studies Association. Bilbao, Spain 18.-21.9.1999.

Sotarauta Markku

“ Masterful Design or Muddling Through: Finnish Experiences ofStrategic Planning” (Invited key-note speaker), 5th Estonian FuturesCongress, Tallinn, Estonia 17.4.-18.4.1998.

“In search of Strategic Consciousness and Using Plans as Mirrors:The Case of Raisio Town”, Planning, Professionals and Public Expec-tations XII – AESOP Congress, AESOP, Aveiro, Portugal 23.7. –26.7.1998.

“The Quality of Urban Development Strategy Process as CompetitiveAdvantage” (Invited key-note speaker), 40 years of spatial and regionalresearch in the Polish Academy of Sciences 1958-1998. The Compe-titiveness of Regions in the Polish and European Perspective, PolishAcademy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland 20.-21.10.1998.

“The Quality of Regional Strategy Process as Competitive Advan-tage”, Discussion forum on clusters, the Hokkaido Industrial ClusterResearch Association, Sapporo, Japan 25.11.1998.

“Urban Competitiveness and Management of the Urban Policy Net-work” (with Reija Linnamaa), Cities at the Millennium, University ofEast London, London, UK 17.12.-19.12.1998.

1999

1998

1999

1998


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“In Search of a New Model for Strategic Planning: Soft Strategy”,Selfmanaging Teams and Promotion of Regional Development in SouthOstrobothia, AESOP. Bergen, Norway 9.6.1999.

“Network Management and Information Systems in the Promotion ofUrban Economic Development: Tampere CityWeb as a Case in Point”,Regional Studies Association. Bilbao, Espanja 18.-21.9.1999

“The role of institutions within regional development and the issue ofnetworks and democracy in the British and Finnish cases” (with PeterGarside).South Ostrobothnian University Association, Seinäjoki25.10.1999.

TABLE 2. Papers in scientific conferences

1999

National International totalPapers in scientificconferences 1998 - 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999

Invited lectures 3 3

Other lectures 5 3 4 3 9

Posters

Total 5 6 4 6 9

.National InternationalOther expert activities 1998 - 1999

1998 1999 1998 1999

Editing of scientific journals

Editing of collections of articles 3

Membership of boards of scientific societies 1 1

Statements in the filling of official posts

Statements on doctoral dissertations and licentiate theses 1 (L) 2 (L)

Presentations at educational gatherings 33 47

Service as experts in development work 14 6

TABLE 3. Other expert activities 1998 - 1999.

annual report 1998-1999 - uta.fi

Documents