annual performance report 2018

PUNJAB FORENSIC SCIENCE AGENCY

ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REPORT 2018

PUNJAB FORENSIC SCIENCE AGENCY (PFSA)

2018 Annual Performance Report

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Appendix for used abbreviations: In this report:

“PFSA” means Punjab Forensic Science Agency

“CSI” means Crime Scene Investigation

“DSI” means Death Scene Investigation

“FTM” means Firearms &Tool Marks Unit

“LFP” means Latent Fingerprints Section

“PGR” means Polygraph Examination

“TC” means Trace Chemistry

“NAR” means Narcotics

“TOX” means Toxicology

“A/V” means Audio Visual Analysis

“CF” means Computer Forensics

“QD” means Questioned Documents

“PATH” means Pathology

“FPH” means Forensic Photography

“Incomplete / Closed Cases” means the cases in which there is some sort of deficiency from the submitting agencies or reference sample / evidence is yet to be submitted

“Cases in Progress” means the cases which are under examination and are yet to be reported

“DG” means the Director General, PFSA

“ADMIN” means the administration of PFSA

“QA” means the quality assurance

“Initial Competency" means a test which must be passed before entering into real case work to prove that someone has learnt/acquired the required skill



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Table of Contents

Sr. No. Title Page No.

1 Summary 6

2 Punjab Forensic Science Agency Act 2007 7

3 Preface 13

4 Acknowledgement 14

5 Mission Statement 15

6 PFSA Quality Policy Statement 16

7 Department Profile 17

8 Financial Review 18

9 Human Resource Development 20

10 PFSA Case Log 22

11 PFSA Progress Review 23

12 PFSA Case Receiving (Division Wise) 27

13 Audio Visual Analysis 37

14 Computer Forensics 41

15 Crime Scene Investigation 45

16 DNA & Serology 53

17 Firearms & Toolmarks Unit 60

18 Latent Fingerprints 65

19 Narcotics 69

20 Pathology 73

21 Polygraph Examination 78



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22 Questioned Documents 82

23 Toxicology 87

24 Trace Chemistry 91

25 Quality Assurance Measures at PFSA 95

26 Achievements 98



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Summary This report is meant to comply with the provision u/s 15 of Punjab Forensic Science

Agency’s Act 2007. This document provides brief introduction of the forensic disciplines

established i.e.; Crime Scene Investigation / Death Scene Investigation, Firearms & Tool

Marks Unit, Latent Fingerprints Section, Polygraph Examination, DNA & Serology, Trace

Chemistry, Narcotics, Toxicology, Audio Visual Analysis, Computer Forensics, Questioned

Documents, Forensic Photography & Pathology. PFSA Mission, quality policy, and

performance of the each department has been covered individually. Performance includes

the incoming cases, report generated and the backlog faced by the Punjab Forensic

Science Agency. This report also covers how PFSA is striving hard to cope with the backlog

and the steps taken to reduce the backlog. Future plans have also been included in this

report.



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THE PUNJAB FORENSIC SCIENCE AGENCY ACT 2007 (XIII of 2007)

Contents

1. Short title, extent and commencement

2. Definitions

3. Establishment and constitution of the Agency

4. Functions of the Agency

5. Superintendence of the Agency

6. Administration of the Agency

7. Appointment of the Director General

8. Administrative and Financial powers of the Director General

9. Experts

10. Expert opinion

11. Clarification in case of certain opinion

12. Re-examination of forensic material

13. Offence

14. Appeal

15. Annual Performance report

16. Act to be read in conjunction with other laws

17. Power to make rules



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TEXT THE PUNJAB FORENSIC SCIENCE AGENCY ACT 2007

(XIII of 2007) [30th October, 2007]

Act

to establish the Punjab Forensic Science Agency for forensic examination of documents, materials, equipment, impressions or other objects.

Preamble.— Whereas it is expedient to provide for the establishment and

constitution of an Agency for the purpose of examination of forensic material and rendering of expert opinion in respect thereof before Court, tribunal or other authority and for connected matters;

It is hereby enacted as follows:-

1. Short title, extent and commencement

i). This Act may be cited as the Punjab Forensic Science Agency Act, 2007

ii). It extends to the whole of the Punjab

iii). It shall come into force at once.

2. Definitions.- (1) In this Act:

a) “Act” means the Punjab Forensic Science Agency Act, 2007;

b) “Agency” means the Punjab Forensic Science Agency established and

constituted under section 3 of the Act;

c) “authority” includes a police officer or a public servant authorized to hold

an investigation or inquiry under any law for the time being in force;

d) “Code” means the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (V of 1898);

e) “Director General” means the Director General of the Agency appointed

under section

f) “expert” includes a qualified foreign expert working in a forensic science

facility and whose evidence is admissible in the country of his origin;

g) “forensic material” means a document, material, equipment, impression or

any other object connected with the commission of an offence, a civil cause

or any other proceedings;

h) “Government” means the Government of the Punjab;



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i) “inquiry” includes an administrative inquiry;

j) “offence” means an act or omission made punishable under any law for the

time being in force;

k) “police officer” means a police officer appointed under the Police Order,

2002 (22 of 2002), or any other person who has been conferred with the

powers of a police officer under any other law for the time being in force;

l) “prescribed” means prescribed by the rules;

m) “rules” means the rules made under the Act; and

n) “Search Committee” means a Committee constituted for making

recommendation for appointment of Director General.

o) A word or an expression used in the Act and not defined shall mean the

same as in the Code.

3. Establishment and constitution of the Agency: (1) The Government shall, by

a notification in the official Gazette, establish and constitute an Agency to be called the

Punjab Forensic Science Agency.

(2) The Agency shall consist of the Director General and experts and officials

as may be appointed by the Government.

(3) The Government may, by a notification in the official Gazette, absorb in the

Agency a body, bureau, laboratory or any other facility of the Government concerned

with the examination and rendering of expert opinion about forensic material.

(4) An officer or an employee of the body, bureau, laboratory or other facility

absorbed in the Agency may opt for employment in the Agency.

(5) The officer or the employee who opts to become employee of the Agency

and is otherwise qualified shall be appointed in the Agency in the prescribed manner.

4. Functions of the Agency: The Agency shall:

a. undertake examination of forensic material;

b. render expert opinion with regard to examination of forensic material

conducted by it;

c. procure, operate and maintain scientific instruments for examination of

forensic material;



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d. propose advancement in forensic techniques and suggest use of suitable

scientific instruments for examination of forensic material;

e. seek clarification from the person involved in collection or handling of

forensic material in the prescribed manner;

f. recommend the procedure for the collection, preservation and handling of

forensic material;

g. subject to the direction of the Government, collect forensic material that

requires special expertise or scientific methods for collection and

preservation;

h. maintain record for examination of forensic material, including record

pertaining to the identity of a person connected with or accused of an

offence, in the prescribed manner;

i. promote general awareness on matters relating to forensics; and

j. Perform any other function connected with or ancillary to the above

functions.

5. Superintendence of the Agency: The superintendence of the Agency shall vest

in the Government and shall be exercised in the prescribed manner.

6. Administration of the Agency: The administration of the Agency shall vest in

the Director General.

7. Appointment of the Director General: (1) The Government shall appoint the

Director General on the recommendation of the Search Committee.

(2) The Director General shall be a qualified expert in one or more disciplines

of forensic science in accordance with the prescribed standards.

(3) The Director General shall hold office for a non-renewable term of five

years.

(4) The Government shall determine the terms and conditions of service of the

Director General which shall not be varied during his term in office.

(5) The Government may, after notice and inquiry in the prescribed manner,

remove the Director General during the tenure of his office on the ground of inefficiency,

misconduct, corruption or inability to perform functions due to medical reasons.

(6) The Director General may tender his resignation to the Government and

shall cease to hold office upon acceptance of his resignation.



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8. Administrative and financial powers of the Director General: The Director

General shall exercise such administrative and financial powers as may be prescribed.

9. Experts: (1) The Government shall appoint an expert in the prescribed manner.

(2) No person shall be appointed as an expert unless he is qualified to conduct

examination of a forensic material.

(3) A person appointed in the Agency as an expert shall be deemed as an expert

appointed under section 510 of the Code and a person specially skilled in a forensic

material under Article 59 of the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 (X of 1984).

(4) The Government or the Agency shall not entrust examination of a forensic

material to a person who has been convicted of an offence related to giving false evidence

under any law for the time being in force.

10. Expert opinion: (1) A Court, tribunal or authority may send to the Agency, a

forensic material related to investigation or proceedings before it, for examination and

expert opinion.

(2) The Agency shall authenticate and send expert opinion to a Court, tribunal

or authority in the prescribed manner.

(3) An expert opinion shall carry the name and designation of the expert who

conducted the examination.

11. Clarification in case of certain opinion: (1) If an expert opinion is not clear,

the Court, tribunal or authority may refer it to the Agency for clarification on a specific

question.

(2) The Agency shall, on receipt of the reference, send clarification on the

question to the Court, tribunal or authority.

(3) If the condition of the forensic material or any other fact does not allow

submission of a clear answer to the question, the Agency shall state its inability to answer

the question.

12. Re-examination of forensic material: (1) A person affected by the opinion of

an expert, may for a sufficient cause, submit an application for re-examination before the

Court, tribunal or authority other than a police officer before which the opinion is rendered

or the Court or tribunal before which the opinion is submitted by the authority.



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(2) If the Court, tribunal or authority is satisfied that there are sufficient

grounds for reconsideration of the opinion, it may, for reasons to be recorded in writing,

direct the Agency to reexamine the forensic material.

(3) The Director General shall, on receipt of the direction, constitute a panel of

three or more experts to re-examine the forensic material or refer the same to a forensic

examination facility for examination and opinion.

(4) The Director General shall submit the finding of the expert or the forensic

facility and his opinion to the Court, tribunal or authority.

13. Offence: (1) If an expert or official of the Agency knowingly or negligently

renders false, incorrect or misleading opinion before a Court, tribunal or authority,

he shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to six months or with fine

which may extend to fifty thousand rupees or with both.

(2) An offence under this Act shall be triable by a Court of Sessions.

(3) The Court shall not take cognizance of an offence under this Act unless the

Director General makes a complaint in writing in the prescribed manner.

14. Appeal: A person aggrieved by an order or sentence passed under section 13

may, within thirty days, prefer an appeal to the Lahore High Court.

15. Annual Performance report: (1) The Agency shall submit its annual

performance report to the Government before July 31 in a year;

(2) The Government shall, within the period of one month of the receipt of the

annual performance report, submit the same in the Provincial Assembly of the

Punjab.

16. Act to be read in conjunction with other laws: The provisions of this Act shall

be read in conjunction with and not in derogation of any other law for the time being in

force.

17. Power to make rules: (1) The Government may make rules for giving effect to

the provisions of this Act.

(2) This Act was passed by the Punjab Assembly on 4 October 2007; assented

to by the Governor of the Punjab on 29 October 2007; and, was published in the Punjab

Gazette (Extraordinary), dated 30 October 2007, pages 1453-56.



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Preface

The Punjab Forensic Science Agency (PFSA) is the state of art and the world’s

second largest laboratory which provides crime laboratory services in Firearms &Tool

Marks Examination, Crime Scene Investigation, Polygraph Reading, Latent Fingerprint

Examination, Death Scene Investigation, Questioned Documents, Trace Chemistry, DNA

& Serology, Narcotics, Audio Visual Analysis, Computer Forensics, Forensic Photography,

Toxicology and Pathology.

Meaningful laboratory results require minimum standard of care and attention to

the evidence procuring source, the method of collection, and the timing, storage,

transport, handling of the collected evidence, testing of samples and report generation.

The laboratory is following guidelines of international standard ISO 17025:2005 for its

testing activities and now transitioning to the new version of ISO 17025:2017 standard

being used by testing laboratories world-wide.

Our goal is to provide accurate, precise and timely analysis results to support

nation for better society and to help reduce crimes.



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Acknowledgement

First of all, we are very thankful to Almighty Allah, who bestowed us with

the wisdom to acquire knowledge. All praised belongs to Almighty Allah. PFSA owe

a great many thanks to great many people who helped and supported running this

state of the art agency.



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MISSION STATEMENT

To receive physical evidence from law enforcement agencies

in criminal as well as civil matters, analyze and provide

accurate results of forensic analysis well in time on first come

first served basis and testify in COURTS OF LAW on

analytical findings for the people of Punjab as required.



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Quality Policy Statement

Management team of PFSA and all its employees are committed to maintain quality

of laboratory services and ensure that its services fully meet the requirements of stake-

holders i.e. Law Enforcement Agencies at all time.

PFSA management will maintain a quality management system to meet the

requirements of international standard for laboratories ISO 17025:2005 to achieve high

level of stake-holders i.e. Law Enforcement Agencies satisfaction.

The quality policy of PFSA is based on 3 fundamental principles:

i) Ensuring that we fully identify and confirm to the needs of our stake-holders

i.e. Law Enforcement Agencies.

ii) Looking at our service provision processes, identifying the potential for errors

and taking the necessary action to eliminate them.

iii) Everyone understands how to do their job and doing it right first time.

PFSA is identifying to stake-holders i.e. Law Enforcement Agencies requirements,

and ensuring that the correct procedures are followed to meet those requirements.

Objectives needed to ensure that the requirements of this policy are met and that

continuous improvement is maintained in line with the spirit of the policy, will be set,

determined and monitored at Management Review.

The quality policy principles and objectives will be communicated and available to

staff at all times. Training will be an integral part of the strategy to achieve the objectives.

Within this Policy, PFSA is committed to operate under the disciplines and control

of a Quality Management System (QMS) conforming to the International Standard ISO

17025, planned and developed jointly with our other management functions.

PFSA is committed to operate its working continuously to this standard and will

maintain the necessary Quality Approvals consistent with its customer (Law Enforcement

Agencies) requirements.



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PFSA FACILITY



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FINANCIAL REVIEW

The Budgetary Statement may be shown in pie Chart as under:-

569.146

506.606

1,075.752

Budgetary Statement

Salary Component

Non Salary Component

Total Budget

SR# DESCRIPTION PKR BUDGET

(In Millions)

1 Salary Component 569.146

2 Non Salary Component 506.606

3 Total budget sanctioned for FY 2018-2019 1,075.752



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Major expanses are as under:

45.230

POL

49.475

Electricity

22.478

Gas

Worth in Millions

POL (Fuel)

Electricity

Sui Gas



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HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

Initially 32 Scientists were hired and sent to different crime laboratories in US

which include

i) Cuyahoga County Coroner's Office, Ohio, US

ii) Lake County Crime Laboratory, Lake county, US

iii) Microtrace LLC Elgin (IL), US

iv) McCrone Research Institute Chicago (IL), US

v) International Forensic Science Laboratory & Training Centre,

Indianapolis, Indiana, US

vi) Academy for Scientific Investigation Training, Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania, US

After 6 months hands on training they are serving as Master Trainers and have

locally trained the other scientific work force for PFSA.

PFSA is committed to provide quality forensics services for the people of Pakistan.

PFSA encourages its employees regarding continuing education and also help them

update their skills through training programs not only in Pakistan but also abroad.

Training in Foreign:

Ninety Scientists from PFSA have gone through continuing education in Australia

sponsored by Australian Federal Police in

i) Firearms and Tool marks

ii) DNA and Serology Advanced Course

iii) Questioned Documents

iv) Crime Scene Processing and Investigation

v) Computer Forensics

vi) Trace Chemistry

vii) Latent Fingerprints

viii) Crime Laboratory Management

ix) Quality Management System



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Currently PFSA is working with 84.4% human resource:

Positions Sanctioned Filled Vacant

Forensic Scientists 144 111 33

Junior Forensic Scientists 257 197 60

Admin Staff 466 424 42

Total 867 732 135

PFSA is currently working with 84.4% human resource strength.

144

257

466

867

Positions

Forensic Scientists

Junior Forensic Scientists

Admin Staff

Total



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PUNJAB FORENSIC SCIENCE AGENCY CASE LOG

(SINCE INAUGURATION TO 31/12/2018)

PFSA started working in the year 2011. Since its inauguration, PFSA has received

a total number of 462745 cases. Backlog / pendency is less than 3.58% which is much

better than the others labs at international standards. National Institute of Justice, USA

sponsored survey of 187 forensic laboratories in the USA for the years 2005, 2007, 2008

and 2009 published recently showed year end case backlog of 42%, 32%, 40% and 35%

respectively for the above mentioned years.

As described above PFSA has a backlog of 3.58 % cases at the end of 2018 which

is miniscule and we are doing our best to finish pending cases.

Reasons of case backlog are as mentioned under respective sections. With

popularity of forensic evidence analysis, more and more cases are being submitted which

means the case backlog is here to stay even though in small percentage.

Number of Cases

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

ReceivedReported

Incomplete/ Closed

Pending

462745451014

2457387

Number of Cases

Number of Cases



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PUNJAB FORENSIC SCIENCE AGENCY PROGRESS REVIEW (2018)

In the year 2018, PFSA has received a total number of 89503 cases. Backlog /

pendency is about 3.85 % for the year 2018. Total receiving and reporting for the year

2018 is shown in the following graph.

In the year 2018, PFSA has reported 84252 cases of the received 89503.

Actually, PFSA has reported from the previous year's backlog in the year 2018.

Consequently, PFSA backlog has been reduced considerably.

In the year 2018, 1797 cases received were either incomplete waiting for the

reference samples / standards or the cases closed due to discrepancy. The number of

cases pending to be analyzed was 3454 at the end of the year 2018 which are only 3.58

% of the total cases received.

Following is the trend line of month wise (January 2018 to December 2018) cases

receiving and reporting in PFSA:

Number of Cases

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

ReceivedReported

Incomplete /Closed

Pending

8950384252

17973454

Number of Cases

Number of Cases



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It is clearly indicated from the graph that the reporting increased during the months of

May-June and November –December. For the rest of the months the receiving and reporting

is parallel to each other.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Receiving

Reporting

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200


Backlog

Backlog



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Backlog graph shows more cases received during the months of February through

May. For the remaining months there appear to be similar number of cases received as

well as cases reported, thus backlog was cleared on a continuous basis.

To understand the efficiency of PFSA in brief, a comparison of previous year 2017

influx of cases with the year 2018 influx of cases is given as follows;

PFSA efficiency has considerably increased as evident from the above table. Despite of increased influx of cases, PFSA was able to decrease the backlog

i.e. downward trend shown in the above backlog trend line.

Month Cases Received in

Year 2017 Cases Received in

Year 2018 % age Increase in

Incoming Cases

January 7589 8113 6.9%

February 6604 7204 9.8%

March 7522 8255 9.7%

April 7429 7578 2.0%

May 7916 7150 9.6% (decreased)

June 6006 5672 5.5% (decreased)

July 8424 6464 23.2% (decreased)

August 8521 7698 9.6% (decreased)

September 5854 6611 12.9%

October 7457 9652 29.4%

November 7145 7386 3.3%

December 6955 7720 10.9%

OVERALL %age Increase/Decrease in Incoming case 36.3%



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Reasons for Backlog:

PFSA is working according to international standard. Backlog is not only the issue

in Pakistan but the forensic testing laboratories in the western countries, like USA, are

facing this issue in spite of having all the resources. Moreover, at this stage, PFSA has an

overall backlog of only 3.4% (including previous year pending cases) which is better than

the best forensic facilities in the world.

i) Lack of Human Resource (Currently PFSA is working with the 84.4 % human resource strength)

ii) Incoming cases load is increasing day by day because of the public confidence & awareness

iii) Submission of Unnecessary Evidence

iv) Submission of Non Probative Evidence

v) Lack of Cooperation by Submitting Agencies to Pick up Examined Evidence material.

vi) Lack of cooperation and coordination between the prosecution, police, judiciary and the forensic agency

vii) Lack of education about forensics technique to police, prosecution and judiciary

viii) Cases received from the old facilities

General Steps Taken to Reduce Backlog: i) Performance Evaluation

ii) Process Simplification

iii) Staff Utilization (Support staff in technical departments)

iv) Case returning policy due to discrepancy

v) Evidence Rejection Policy Implementation

vi) Technical Training Imparted

vii) Technical Expertise Hiring in pathology

viii) Completion of recruitment process to fill 33% remaining posts in order to

increase efficiency

ix) Training of Prosecution

x) Training to Law Enforcement Agencies

xi) Training of judiciary

Above mentioned steps have successfully been implemented and the results are

extremely good. PFSA was not only able to handle the heavily increasing influx of cases

but also to manage the backlog with a downward trend each month.



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PFSA Case Receiving (Division Wise) (Jan 2018 to Dec 2018)

Division Cases Received Cases Reported %age Cases Reported

Lahore 17308 16925 97.7%

Gujranwala 16872 16699 98.5%

Faisalabad 11646 11371 97.9%

Sahiwal 6884 7013 101.4%

Multan 9563 9447 98.7%

Rawalpindi 6868 6527 95.5%

Bahawalpur 5713 5706 99.7%

Sargodha 6865 6826 99.2%

DG Khan 5205 5277 101.3%

The above said may be shown in the form of Chart as under:-

PFSA has maintained the crime type data in the form readily available for analysis.

It gives an idea that what type of crime is prevalent in a particular district

17308 1687211646

68849563

6868 5713 6865 5205

16925 16699

11371

7013

9447

65275706

68265277

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Cases Repoted

Cases Receive



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Lahore Division:

District Cases Received Cases Reported

Lahore 11067 10773

Sheikhupura 426 1880

Kasur 406 2423

Nankana Sahib 219 1848

The above said information may be shown as under:-

Case Received

Cases Reported0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

LahoreSheikhupura

KasurNankana

Sahib

11067

426406

219

10773

1880 24231848

Case Received

Cases Reported



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Gujranwala Division:


Gujranwala 5477 5403

Sialkot 4332 4308

Gujrat 2633 2623

Hafizabad 1935 1928

Narowal 1259 1238

Mandi Bahauddin 1236 1197


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000 5477

4332

2633

1935

12591236

5403

4308

2623

1928

12381197

Cases Received

Cases Reported



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Faisalabad Division:


Faisalabad 7862 7599

Jhang 1450 1475

Toba Tek Singh 1496 1488

Chiniot 838 807


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

FaisalabadJhang

Toba TekSingh

Chiniot

6570

12831180

768

6246

11271090

729

Cases Reported

Cases Received



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Sahiwal Division:


Okara 3119 3193

Sahiwal 1921 1951

Pakpattan 1844 1868


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

OkaraSahiwal

Pakpattan

3119

19211844

3193

1951

1868Cases Received

Cases Reported



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Multan Division:


Vehari 2324 2273

Multan 3788 3745

Lodhran 1300 1249

Khanewal 2151 2179


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

VehariMultan

LodhranKhanewal

2324

3788

1300

2151

2273

3745

1249

2179Cases Received

Cases Reported



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Rawalpindi Division:


Rawalpindi 4308 4016

Attock 1118 1091

Jehlum 808 791

Chakwal 634 627


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

RawalpindiAttock

Jehlum

Chakwal

4308

1118

808

634

4016

1091

791

627

Cases Received

Cases Reported



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Bahawalpur Division:


Rahim Yar Khan 2040 2014

Bahawalnagar 1714 1716

Bahawalpur 1959 1976


1550

1600

1650

1700

1750

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

2050

Rahim Yar Khan Bahwalnagar Bahawalpur

2040

1714

1959

2014

1716

1976

Cases Received

Cases Reported



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Sargodha Division:


Sargodha 4207 4177

Mianwali 1200 1179

Khushab 571 583

Bhakkar 887 885


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Sargodha Mianwali Khushab Bhakkar

4207

1200

571

887

4177

1179

583

885

Series 1

Series 2



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D.G Khan Division:


Rajanpur 922 910

Muzaffargarh 2174 2286

DG Khan 1146 1143

Layyah 963 935


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Rajanpur Muzaffargarh DG Khan Layyah

922

2174

1146

963910

2286

1143

935

Cases Received

Cases Reproted



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AUDIO VISUAL ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT



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AUDIO VISUAL ANALYSIS (AV)

The Audio Visual Analysis Department is equipped with latest forensic tools for audio

and video analysis which are used by Forensic Community world-wide and are also

approved by LEVA (Law Enforcement/Emergency Video Association).

Audio Visual Analysis Department deals with the scientific examination,

comparison and/or evaluation of audio and video evidence in legal matters.

We provide the following services:

i) Enhancement of audio evidence using different noise reduction and other

algorithms.

ii) Enhancement of video evidence for identification and association of different

events captured by video surveillance systems and other video sources.

iii) Authentication of video evidence and detection of tampering and editing in

videos.

iv) Analysis of images extracted from video evidence using forensic

enhancement and clarification tools.

Case Log of AV is as follows (January 2018 to December 2018):

Total No. of Cases received at PFSA in 2018 584

Reports Issued 421

Incomplete / Closed 2

Pending 133

In process 28

Month wise case receiving and reporting during the reported year 2018 is as shown by the following bar diagram.

33

27

63

54

46

35

44

66

51

60

50

55

30

29

46

64

42

35

49

47

21

19

13

26

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Cases Received

Cases Reported



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Cases classification can be seen as under according to the evidence submitted:

AV received the audio or video or image analysis cases from various agencies as shown below:

18 8 20

98

25

240

41

54 80

No. of Cases Received Attempt to Murder

Blasphemy

Kidnapping

Murder

Rape

Robbery/Theft

Sodomy

Terrorism

Others

No of Cases Received

0

100

200

300

400

500

600572

3 1 31 2

2

No. of Cases Received




CLASSIFIED of 102

Figure shows the forensic tool “Clear ID” used for audiovisual analysis



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COMPUTER FORENSIC DEPARTMENT



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COMPUTER FORENSICS (CF)

Computer forensics pertains to legal evidence found in computer systems and

digital storage media. The goal of computer forensics is to examine digital media in a

forensically sound manner with the aim of identifying, preserving, recovering, analysing,

presenting facts and opinions about the digital information.

Scope of Computer Forensics Unit:

i) Scientific examination and analysis of Digital Storage Media for example Hard

Disk Drives, Flash Memory, Mobile Phones, Memory cards, CD/DVD etc.

ii) Forensic examination of standalone/networked computers after a break-in, for

example, to determine how the attacker gained access and what the attacker

did.

iii) Retrieve/acquire evidence from digital media.

iv) Recovery of deleted digital data.

v) Password deciphering /by passing of submitted digital media.

vi) Forensic analysis of retrieved and/or submitted digital media.

vii) To provide expert testimony of case reports in the Court of Law.

Case log of CF is as follows (January 2018 to December 2018):


Reports Issued 368

In Process 27


Pending 04

NOTE: 29 extra cases were reported from the backlog of previous period 2017.



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Month wise case receiving and reporting during the reported year 2018 is as shown

by the following bar diagram.

Cases classification according to the evidence submitted:

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


32

21

30

52

28

36

42

33

39

29

36

23

27

24 26

61

32

32

33 3

6

33

34

27

32

Cases Received

Cases Reported

51

127

109

2013

1019

11

19


Terrorism

Murder

Rape/Sodomy

Kidnapping

Blasphemy

Pornography

Data Recovery

Fraud

Other



CLASSIFIED of 102

CF cases submitted agency wise:

387

1

3

3

43


Police

Anti Corruption

Military

FBR

PFSA Internal

Others



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CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION DEPARTMENT



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CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION (CSI)

A crime scene is a location where an illegal act took place, and comprises the area

from where most of the physical evidence is collected by trained law enforcement

personnel, crime scene investigators.

Evidence is very important in criminal cases. Therefore, only trained professionals

should do the collection and preservation of evidence. These professionals are crime scene

investigators. The biggest hurdle in their way to successful investigation is crime scene

contamination.

The CSU is 24/7 operational unit of Punjab Forensic Science Agency. The CSU has

operational Satellite Stations in all divisional headquarters of Punjab which are providing

forensic services to LEAs on 24/7 basis.

The duties of Crime Scene Investigation Unit (CSU) of PFSA are to ensure proper

identification, preservation, collection, transportation of evidence from the crime scene

to the lab and to establish the chain of custody in order to maintain the integrity of the

evidence.

Table-1: Crime Scene Coverage during 2018


Reports Issued 5599

In Process 0


Pending 0

Month wise case receiving and processed during 2018 is as shown by the following bar diagram.

Figure-1: Month wise Crime Scene Coverage during 2018

Cases Received0

100

200

300

400

500

600


493450

468474 464

439

505467 442 442

386

569493450

468 474 464 439505

467 442 442386

569

Chart Title

Cases Received Cases Reported



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SATELLITE STATIONS OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION UNIT

Since 2016, Satellite Stations of Crime Scene Investigation Unit are operational in

all divisional headquarters of Punjab.

Figure-2: Satellite Station wise distribution of Crime Scene Coverage during 2018

Figure-3: Type wise Crime Scene Coverage during 2018

501 606 518 600763 849 766

522 474

Number of Cases Processed in 2018

Number of Cases

Death Scene, 766

Homicide, 1655

Robbery, 644

Theft, 1291

Fire, 99

Suicide, 366

Rape, 417

Blast, 227ATA, 14

Misc., 325

Death Scene

Homicide

Robbery

Theft

Fire

Suicide

Rape

Blast

7ATA

Misc.



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TRAININGS

In order to impart trainings to incumbents, CSU has devised training module based

on international standards including ISO 17025. The duration of Crime Scene

Investigation training course is 3-months during which trainees undergo theoretical and

practical aspects of forensic techniques related to Death scene, Fire scene and

Blast/Explosion scene. In addition to that, trainees learn about various scientific tools

related to fingerprints development, evidence collection, evidence packaging and relevant

documentation. Moreover, trainees undergo various mock exercises in which they face

real crime scene circumstances to ensure grip on crime scene management in field.

In addition to that, CSU arranged Refresher Trainings for CSI staff in order to enhance

practical skills of CSIs. Sixteen-refresher trainings conducted during 2018 are shown in the

table below:

Table-2: Refresher Trainings conducted during 2018

Sr. No.

Training Course Title or Conference Details

Conducted by / Organized by

Number of individuals

participated Dates

1. CT-CSI Training Course CSI/PFSA 16 February – August 2018

2. Bloodstain Pattern Analysis

TC/CSI PFSA 15 3rd – 4th April 2018


TC/CSI PFSA 15 18th – 19th April 2018


TC/CSI PFSA 16 7th – 8th May 2018

5. Bullet Trajectory Analysis FTM PFSA 27 20th – 21st June 2018

6. Bullet Trajectory Analysis FTM PFSA 27 27th – 28th June 2018

7. Bullet Trajectory Analysis FTM PFSA 27 4th – 5th July 2018



10. Fire/ Arson Scene Investigation

TC PFSA 27 9th August 2018


TC PFSA 24 27th August 2018


TC PFSA 24 17th September 2018


TC PFSA 21 24th September 2018



CLASSIFIED of 102

Sr. No.

Training Course Title or Conference Details

Conducted by / Organized by

Number of individuals

participated Dates


TC/CSI PFSA 20 7th – 9th November 2018


TC/CSI PFSA 21 28th – 30th November 2018


TC/CSI PFSA 19 12th – 14th December 2018

In order to enhance awareness of forensic science among LEAs, CSUs have

conducted training sessions for LEAs at all levels. In this regard, 395 training sessions

were conducted for LEAs.

CSU Number of Trainings

Rawalpindi 33

DG Khan 19

Sargodha 46

Gujranwala 34

Faisalabad 43

Bahawalpur 70

Sahiwal 94

Multan 56

EXTERNAL PROFICIENCY

In order to polish skills of CSIs, PFSA arranged proficiency exams on annual basis

from foreign testing bodies. In this regards, services of CTS Forensics (Collaborative

Testing Services Incorporation) have been acquired by PFSA. CTS Forensics conducts

global proficiency exams on various disciplines of forensics. In 2017 and 2018, CSU

successfully completed External Proficiency Exams on “Bloodstain Pattern Analysis”

and “Bullet Trajectory Reconstruction” respectively.

CONTINUED EDUCATION

To keep CSIs up-to-date with advancements and developments in field of

forensics, CSU has devised mechanism of distributing Research paper on monthly basis

among all CSIs. In addition to that, online webinars were arranged for all CSI staff during

2018 including:



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Sr. No.

Topic Presenter No. of

Participants

1. Crime Scene Processing & Evidence Collection

Dang 115

2. Evidence Collection & Preservation/ Searching Techniques

Wes Fitzer 114

3. Crime Scene Investigation and Evidence Collection

Anthony Bertino

113

4. Lifting fingerprints with Gel-lifters Mike

Macathen 111

5. Accident Investigation - The Importance of Capturing the Scene

Paul Ross 111

IMPROVEMENTS MADE DURING 2018

Sr.

No

.

Improvement

Actions

Change Made Expected benefits Reason for making

change

1 Over-lapping

time of 20 mins

during shift change over.

Staff arrives 20 mins

before start of shift

Over-lapping time allows

on duty staff to discuss

issues/ matters of preceding shift

20 mins overlapping

time allows in-coming

shift to respond to calls received during last 20

mins of previous shift.

2 Real-time

monitoring of

Satellite Stations

Installation of

surveillance cameras

at stations display of live stream through

VPN at CSI-HQ.

It will aid in real-time

checking of staff and

monitoring of Satellite Stations

Satellite Stations are

located at far distances

from CSI-HQ. Establishment of real-

time surveillance allows better monitoring and

inspection.

3 Installation of Bio-metric

attendance system at

Stations

Bio-metric Attendance machines have been

installed at all Satellite Stations

Effective & real-time monitoring of Attendance

of staff.

Presence of Online attendance system can

allow effective monitoring of staff at

stations.

4 Approved Uniforms have

been provided to

CSI Staff

New Uniform were approved from

competent authority

Tidy and disciplined look of CSIs. Moreover, it will

improve liaison with LEAs.

Previously issued uniforms were of low

quality and matched with

Punjab Elite force uniform.

5 Online CSI Case log

Case log data of CSI has been digitalized

and uploaded on

Google Sheets

Digitalization of case log data will enable CSI-HQ to

assess ratio of crime scene

calls at stations and individual performance of

CSI staff can also be assessed.

Previously CSI-HQ has no real time access of

crime scene case log of

stations



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6 Revision of Duty

Roster

Duty Roster has been

revised and 7-Duties/3-Rests formula

has been

implemented.

Revised format of duty

roster will allow better management and round

the clock availability of CSI

staff. Moreover, back-up will also be available to

cater multiple CS calls.

Previous practice of 22

Duties/ 8 Rests increased burden on

staff.

7 Personal

Evaluation Report

The ACR form has

been modified and

more professional attributes have been

added

This will allow better

assessment of individuals

at stations.

Previously no such

practice was carried

out.

8 Daily/Weekly/Monthly Checklists

Checklists have been devised to address

Daily/Weekly/Monthly tasks

This will allow better understanding and early

action on various tasks and will eliminate

pendency.

Previously no such practice was carried

out.

9 Monitoring of Shifts

Daily De-briefing has been initiated to

monitor staff in shifts

This will allow effective monitoring of staff present

in shifts. Moreover, management of manpower

will also be monitored on

daily basis.

Previously no such practice was carried

out.

10 Daily/Weekly/Mo

nthly Crime Scene Report

Daily De-briefing has

been initiated in which data of crime scene

calls received at

stations on daily/weekly/monthly

basis is examined.

Assessment of ratio of

crime scene calls by various districts/tehsils

under stations can be

made and subsequently LEAs can be directed to

increase number of crime scene calls.

Previously no such

practice was carried out.

11 Monthly Case File

Review

Crime Scene Case files

are collected from Satellite Stations on

monthly basis and

reviewed at CSI-HQ.

This allows better

understanding of quality of crime scene processing by

staff at stations.

Previously no such


12 Evidence

Feedback Performa

CSI-HQ has initiated

Evidence Feedback Performa to address

discrepancies in

evidence collected by CSI teams

The assessment/feedback

of various departments of PFSA allows improvement

in quality of evidence

collection by CSI teams.

Previously no such


13 New CSI

Worksheets

CSI-HQ has revised

crime scene work sheets.

Subject oriented and

concise work sheets have been devised and issued

to stations to improve crime scene processing/

documentation quality.

Old work sheets lacked

required information and had unnecessary

details.



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14 Checklists for

Utility Bills

In order to speed up

utility bill processing and to cater

administrative lacunas,

checklist has been devised.

This will eliminate

unnecessary pendency in utility bills processing due

to absence of required

documents.

Previously no such


15 Issuance of Crime Scene

Vehicles

New Crime Scene Vehicles have been

provided to stations

This will allow stations to respond to multiple crime

scene processing requests

simultaneously.

Strengthening of Satellite Stations.

16 Appointment of

Deputy Director

(Monitoring) at CSI-HQ and

Assistant Director (Admin) at

Satellite Stations

01 DD-Monitoring &

07 ADs have been

hired by PFSA

Post of DD-Monitoring will

further improve effective

monitoring of satellite stations. ADs will improve

administrative/financial matters of stations under

the supervision of FS In-Charge.

Strengthening of

Satellite Stations.



CLASSIFIED of 102

DNA & SEROLOGY DEPARTMENT



CLASSIFIED of 102

DNA & SEROLOGY (DNA)

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all

other organisms. All cells in a person’s body have the same DNA. Red blood cells do not

have nucleus and therefore harbor no DNA. Body fluids like blood, saliva, semen and

sweat are rich sources of DNA. In addition to these body fluids, hair, nails, teeth and

bone are the samples which are frequently used to extract DNA in the forensics. DNA is

the blueprint of life and contains information about the structural architecture and

functional organization of the living organisms.

Forensic DNA analysis involves the profiling of short tandem repeats (STR), which

are non-coding and repeating sequences in the DNA. There is tremendous variation in

the DNA sequence at short tandem repeats loci among individuals in a population. This

variation is exploited to generate unique DNA profile of an individual. The power of

discrimination calculated on the basis of STR profiling is so high that the DNA profile of

an individual can be used as his biological identification. No two individuals in the world

can have the same DNA profile with the exception of identical twins.

DNA evidence is frequently used in the adjudication of criminal cases because of its

reliability, strong power of discrimination and high probative value. DNA test, when

performed by a trained scientist in accordance with the quality assurance standards, can

solely be relied upon to convict the perpetrators and to exonerate the innocent. The

evidentiary value of DNA test is generally accepted in the scientific community around

the world.

PFSA DNA & Serology Section provides services in the following cases:

1. Terrorism and Bomb Blast Cases:

I. Identification of suicide bomber and dead body remains through DNA

profiling and relationship testing.

II. DNA profile development from biological evidences collected from the scene

for subsequent comparison with any possible suspect(s).

2. Murder/Homicide:

I. Forensic Serology: Identification of human blood on the crime scene, clothing

of victim and suspect (s) and weapon(s) of offense.

II. Forensic DNA Analysis: DNA profile development from biological evidence(s)



CLASSIFIED of 102

collected the victim’s body or found at the crime scene, clothing of victim and

suspect and weapon(s) of offense. These DNA profiles are subsequently

compared with the standard reference samples of the victim and suspect(s)

in order to answer the investigation questions.

3. Sexual Assault:

I. Forensic Serology: Identification of seminal material on the rape kit samples

or clothing of victim

II. Forensic DNA Analysis: DNA profile development from the semen and

subsequent DNA comparison with possible suspect(s).

4. Dead Body Identification & Mass Disaster Victims Identification

I. Identification of unidentified bodies through DNA profiling and comparison

with putative biological relatives.

5. Relationship Testing

I. Relationship testing through DNA profile comparison and statistical analysis

in civil lawsuits, disputed paternity cases and missing children cases.

REASONS OF BACKLOG

I. DNA analysis is tedious, time consuming and multiple step process.

II. High case influx from all over Punjab as well as Islamabad, Kashmir and other

provinces of Pakistan.

III. Case prioritization requests received from the submitting agencies or

directions from the courts.

IV. Submission of multiple sets of evidence for chemical examination and DNA

analysis, thus unnecessarily increasing the total number of evidence items to

be processed in each case.

V. Submission of non-probative samples of evidence and request for non-

probative tests by the submitting agency.

VI. Non-adherence to the good collection and packaging of evidence practice by

the submitting agencies, which may result in putrefaction of the biological

sample and degradation of the DNA. In these cases poor quality and yield of

the DNA hampers the speedy processing of the case and evidence samples

may need to be processed all over again in an effort to generate productive

and conclusive results.

VII. Discrepancies

VIII. Technical Constraints



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IX. In the cases of sexual assault or dead body identification, submission of

reference samples against old cases results in the reopening of the old cases

and need to be shown as in process. The evidence samples in such cases

may have been submitted earlier; however the case is reopened and

analyzed after the submission of fresh reference samples

X. Submission of dozens of reference samples of suspects in a single case for

mass screening.

STRATEGY & ACTIONS

I. Same day serology labs have been established where the evidence

items received are analyzed on a daily basis and case property returned

to the case submitting officials on the very same day. All new cases being

submitted at PFSA get addressed on the same day and no case remains

pending. A dedicated team of scientists is working in the same day

laboratories in an effort to prevent building any further pendency of cases

waiting to be analyzed. Screening of evidence items comprising of

observation, presumptive and confirmatory testing are performed in these

labs and if required the case is forwarded for downstream processing.

II. In order to be effective, the infrastructure and equipment of the department,

an evening work shift was implemented in which scientists work in the

labs until 10:00 PM.

III. Special team was constituted to look after the cases in which the

courts have issued directions to produce reports on a fixed date.

IV. Capacity Building measures are being taken to effectively handle high

throughput in a timely manner

Case Log of DNA is as follows (January 2018 to December 2018):


Reports Issued 14305

In Process 1974

Pending 0

NOTE: 3472 extra cases were reported from the backlog of previous

period 2017.



CLASSIFIED of 102

Month wise case receiving and reporting during 2018 as shown by following bar chart:

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

942

877

1066

1167

1215

1056

1091 1252

1102 1

283

928

828

1305

1103

879 958

1404

1460

1084 1

299

1201

1195

1310

1079

Cases Received

Cases Reported



CLASSIFIED of 102

Case classification according to the evidence submitted is shown below:

Backlog of the DNA / serology cases is as under:

93 1150

30

4189

295

15573386

212253

2

42

41

783

No. and Type of Cases Received Terrorism

Dacoity + Theft

Homicide

Exumation

Rape

Injuring

Kidnapping

Murder

Paternity

Sodomy

Sodomy withAnimals

112

40

55

245

112

349

128

256

22

163

198 295

BacklogJan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

June

July

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec



CLASSIFIED of 102

Reason of Backlog

i) Lack of Human Resource i.e. Support Staff

ii) Submission of Unnecessary Evidence

iii) Lack of Cooperation by Submitting Agencies to Pick up Examined Evidence

1. Strategy & Actions

i) Some support staff (admin) has been provided

ii) Processes are in review phase in order to minimize the case analysis time

iii) New hiring of Technical Staff and support staff hiring is in progress

Agencies submitting DNA / Serology cases are as following:

2

44025

7

196 16

8728


Pak Army

Pak Railway

Police

Courts

BMP

Private

CTD

Others



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FIREARMS & TOOLMARKS DEPARTMENT



CLASSIFIED of 102

FIREARMS & TOOLMARKS UNIT (FTM)

Firearms & Toolmarks department of Punjab Forensic Science Agency (PFSA) has

the honor of being first ever ISO 17025:2005 accredited forensic department of Pakistan.

Firearms & Toolmarks identification is a paramount discipline of forensic science especially

in a country like Pakistan having high gun crime. Its importance is preeminent. Broadly,

firearms identification can be defined as;

The identification of cartridge cases (empties), bullets (sikka which strike the target) or other ammunition components related

to firearms as having been fired from a particular firearm.

Firearms are made of a material harder than the ammunition components,

therefore acts as a tool to leave impressed or striated marks on the various ammunition

components that come into contact with the firearm. These impressed or striated marks

act as mechanical fingerprints of firearm and serve the purpose of its identification.

Firearms evidence typically include firearm, fired bullets, spent cartridge cases,

spent shot shells, shot, shot shell wadding, live ammunition, clothing or anything related

to firearms which might have been involved in any crime.

Firearms department of PFSA provides the below mentioned services to its

customers;

1) Firearms functionality testing (Examination of firearms to determine caliber, serial number, automation etc.)

2) Firearms identification (Comparison of submitted cartridge cases and bullets to identify firearms)

3) Gunshot residue analysis (To analyze bullet hole and determine the distance of firearm form target when it was fired)

4) Serial number restorations (Obliterated/tampered serial numbers of vehicles and firearms are examined to)

PFSA has been using Firearms and Toolmarks database, Automated Ballistic

Identification System (ABIS) since 2015 and the database has helped law enforcement

agencies to trace the culprits of 312 unidentified murders. ABIS installed is the sole



CLASSIFIED of 102

forensic intelligence database of Pakistan. Besides, the above-mentioned services we

can be consulted to opine about any other unusual situation related to gun crime.

PFSA is the only place in Pakistan where highly skilled and competent experts

conduct examinations on many different types of evidence items collected from crime

scenes. Firearms department has analyzed the cases referred form USA, UK & Norway

that exhibit the confidence of international law enforcement agencies in our expertise.

Case Log of FTM Unit is as follows (January 2018 to December 2018):



In Process 09


Pending 0

Month wise case receiving and reporting during 2018 shown by following bar chart:

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600


1269

1138

1375

1276

1239

1136

1315 1429

929

1286

1310

1148

1151

999 1

120

1026 1

171

977 1046

1051

809

1126

1040

985

Cases Received

Cases Reported



CLASSIFIED of 102

Cases classification shown as under according to the evidence submitted:

Incomplete/close cases of the FTM Unit as:

Reason of Incomplete/close Cases

i) Lack of Cooperation from Submitting Agencies to submit the complete evidence.

254

4278

9142

1019157

0


Terrorism

Murder

Arms Ordinance

Vehicle

GSR

Others

112

125

126

133

135

98

125

101

137

136

140

136

Incomplete/Close Cases

January

Faberuary

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December



CLASSIFIED of 102

ii) In most cases weapon of offence is not submitted by case submitting agencies.

Agencies submitting cases for FTM Unit analysis are as following:

13973

25465

387


Police

Military

PFSA Internal

Others



CLASSIFIED of 102

LATENT FINGERPRINTS DEPARTMENT



CLASSIFIED of 102

LATENT FINGERPRINTS DEPARTMENT (LFP)

The Latent Fingerprint Department is an ISO17025 accredited lab and offers

standard forensic science services. The use of fingerprints in the identification of criminals

is the most frequently applied technique in forensic science. Fingerprints offer a powerful

means of personal identification and remain the most commonly used forensic evidence

worldwide. No two individuals possess the same fingerprints. Because of this, fingerprints

are an excellent means of identification. Moreover, while other visible human

characteristics change – fingerprints do not change.

Services Offered by Lab

The high quality scientific services offered by the Lab are:

i) Scientific examinations of friction ridge analysis and comparison of latent

fingerprints, palm prints and foot prints.

ii) Comparison of thumb impressions in the property cases (e.g. Registry,

Affidavit and Nikah Nama etc).

iii) Examinations of Forged and Fabricated thumb impressions.

iv) Development and processing of latent prints.

v) Authoring report about the findings and provide expert testimony related to

these examinations in the legal proceedings.

vi) Establish the identity of unknown deceased persons.

vii) Record legible fingerprints in immigration cases for criminal history

verification.

viii) Provide training and forensic field support to the law enforcement

community.

Case Log of LFP is as follows (January 2018 to December 2018):

Total No. of Cases received at PFSA 2018 1227

Reports Issued 1227


Pending 0



CLASSIFIED of 102

Month wise case receiving and reporting during the reported year 2018 is as shown

by the following bar diagram. LFP has zero backlogs.

Cases classification shown according to the evidence submitted:

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140


117

95

121

88

122

78

99

96

117

121

81

92

117

95

121

88

122

78

99

96

117

121

81

92

Cases Received

Cases Reported

62 38 7

263

187

289420

87

628

No. of Cases Received Dacoity

Fraud

Kidnap

Murder

Threating

Theft

Terrorism

Suicide

Injuring

Fire

Aborticide

DBI

Others



CLASSIFIED of 102

Agencies submitting LFP cases are as following:

4 24

797

11111

2

158 5

57 2

56

No. of Cases Received Pak Army

CTD

Police

Courts

Military

Excise &TaxationHospitals

DCO

ACE

Bank



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NARCOTICS DEPARTMENT



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NARCOTICS DEPARTMENT (NAR)

Scope of Narcotics Unit is to perform qualitative analysis of the narcotic and

psychotropic substance listed in Control of Narcotic Substance Act (CNSA) 1997. Such

substances are seized by law enforcement agencies and submitted to Narcotics Unit for

analysis. These substances include, but not limited to, Cannabis and its products, Opium

& its derivatives/extracts, new psychoactive substances (NPS), Cocaine and other natural

& synthetic controlled substances etc. Such samples are analyzed by using state of the

art techniques, as per International guidelines. Experts use latest & state of the art

equipment such as Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GCMS), Fourier Transform

Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer and Stereoscopes

etc. to analyze submitted samples of narcotic substances, which are considered gold

standard for such analysis.

Capabilities of Narcotic Unit:

Narcotic unit is capable of identification and confirmation of controlled substances

based on their unique chemical fingerprints. Following are the names of a few of such

controlled substances:

i) Crushed opium plant

ii) Heroin products (powder, tablets etc.)

iii) Cannabis (Bhang)

iv) Hashish (Charas)

v) Hallucinogen either natural or synthetic origin e.g. LSD, MDMA

vi) Pharmaceutical products (controlled drugs) in tablet, capsule and injections

(morphine, benzodiazepines, barbiturates etc.).

Within the legal framework, quantitative analysis (percentage purity) of the

controlled substance can also be performed.

Case Log of Narcotics is as follows (January 2018 to December 2018):



Incomplete / Closed Cases 01

Pending 0



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Month wise case receiving and reporting during 2018 is shown in the following bar

chart. Number of cases reported increased as a result of implementing quality solutions

& process simplification which helped a lot to clear the previous backlog in this

department:

Cases classification shown below according to the evidence submitted:



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Agencies submitting Narcotics cases for analysis is as following:



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FORENSIC PATHOLOGY & HISTOLOGY DEPARTMENT



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FORENSIC PATHOLOGY & HISTOLOGY (PATH)

The Department of Forensic Pathology is responsible for determining the cause

and manner of death. Forensic Pathology determines the cases of strangulation, throttling

and other asphyxias deaths. The pattern of death either suicidal hanging or homicidal

strangulation is also differentiated. The nature of injuries either ante-mortem or post-

mortem, burns, fractures, electric shock and drowning is also determined.

Forensic pathology is concerned primarily with the investigation of sudden, violent,

suspicious and unexpected deaths.

A reliable death investigation system is essential to a properly functioning justice

system, which in turn strengthen a safe and fair society. Forensic pathology is the core

discipline in the medico-legal investigation of death. Forensic pathology applies the

principles and knowledge of the medical science to many legal issues within the field of

law.

Services Provided by Forensic Pathology Department: The department of forensic pathology provides the following services:

i) A full fledge autopsy service.

ii) Well established and state of the art autopsy hall is available for post-mortem

examination.

iii) Fixed and mobile X-ray units are available to take x-rays of the desired parts of

the dead body.

iv) Histopathology lab, equipped with all necessary and latest instruments, provides

the histological/ microscopic findings of the tissue specimens taken from the

autopsy or the tissue samples received from entire country.

v) Forensic pathology has two dead body storage walk-in-refrigerator rooms and

two body storage freezers for temporary storage of dead body.

Case log of PATH is as follows (January 2018 to December 2018):


Reports Issued 2784

In Process 197


Pending 86

NOTE: 316 extra cases were reported from the backlog of 2017.



CLASSIFIED of 102

Month wise case receiving and reporting during 2018 can be seen by following bar

chart. Reporting increased by implementing quality solutions, which help clearing the

previous backlog in this department:


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov dec

195

158

189

221

219

194

234

219

217

262

192

168

295

255

287

275

253

125 1

44

231

228

260

230

201

Cases Received

Cases Reported

2784

0


Murder

Others



CLASSIFIED of 102

Backlog of the Pathology Department is as under:

PATH cases shown submitted by Police departments:

193

139

27

0

0

6985

0 0

0 0

0

Backlog

Jan

Feb

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

2468


Police



CLASSIFIED of 102


2468


Murder



CLASSIFIED of 102

POLYGRAPH

DEPARTMENT



CLASSIFIED of 102

POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION (PGR)

A polygraph (popularly referred to as a lie detector) is an instrument that measures

and records physiological changes in an individual’s body. Mainly, three parameters are

the focus during polygraph examination: blood pressure, respiration, and skin

conductivity. The subject answers a series of questions, in the belief that deceptive

answers will produce physiological responses that can be differentiated from those

associated with non-deceptive answers.

Polygraph testing can be successfully employed:

i) To verify the statements of victims & to establish the credibility of witnesses

ii) To evaluate the truthfulness of suspects and to help exonerate the innocent

surrounded by circumstantial or uncorroborated evidence.

iii) To hire and select potential employees (pre-employment screening)

iv) For security clearance of potential employees

v) For the surveillance of employees working on sensitive positions

vi) For the detection or deterrence of spying in military and intelligence

communities

vii) To solve domestic disputes such as spouse cheating or infidelity

viii) For solving disputes over property and business matters

ix) To detect and deter other workplace crimes like fraud, corruption, collusion

with vendors/suppliers, sabotage, theft of corporate.

Available research suggests that polygraph is 90% reliable instrument. Level of

skill and experience of the examiner plays an important part in the accuracy of the

examination. Comparative studies have shown that polygraph tests yield an accuracy that

equals or exceeds that of many other forms of evidence. Case log of PGR is as follows

(January 2018 to December 2018):


Reports Issued 162

In Process 15


Pending 0

NOTE: 08 extra cases were reported from the backlog of previous period 2017.



CLASSIFIED of 102

Month wise case receiving and reporting during 2018 is as shown by the following

bar diagram.

Case classification shown below according to the evidence submitted:

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


16

13

21

1413

98

19

14

20

18

1310

14

22

15

18

98

9

14

27

1113

Cases Received

Cases Reported

4

94

23

20

1

217

1 2 1

9

1111


Burglary Murder Abduction Theft

Sexual Harassment Attempted Rape Rape Robbery and Murder

Arson Sodomy terrorism Rape and Murder

Forged Sign Fighting Blasphemy



CLASSIFIED of 102

Agency wise PGR case submission is shown below:



CLASSIFIED of 102

QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS DEPARTMENT



CLASSIFIED of 102

QUESTIONED DOCUMENT SECTION (QD)

Questioned Document Examination is a branch of forensic science that deals

with documents having a suspicious authenticity. Also called as Forensic Document

Examination, it involves the application of scientific methods and principals for document

examination. This helps to produce evidence about a questioned document that is

admissible in the court of law to prove its legitimacy.

The Questioned Documents Section is responsible for examining a document about

which a question of authenticity was raised concerning in the court of law. These

examinations can take many forms. They include the examination of handwriting and

signature to determine its author, to the examination of typewriting, the examination of

altered documents, the examination of indentations on paper, the non-destructive

examination of inks and other types of examinations.

Handwriting examinations involve the comparison of known writing from one or

more subjects with the questioned writing. The questioned writing may be on cheques,

anonymous and/or threatening letters, bank hold-up notes, wills mutations etc.

Altered documents can be of several different varieties. Erasures can be detected

with proper lighting techniques, although identification of the original information may not

be possible in every case. Obliterations may take several forms, including the use of

opaquing material, marker pens or simply using a ballpoint pen to mark over earlier writing.

Special lighting and magnification techniques and the use of the Video Spectral Comparator

(VSC) can frequently reveal the information underneath the obliteration. On cheques, the

amount may have been altered. The VSC can reveal the presence of different inks in the

amount area.



CLASSIFIED of 102

Handwriting indentations are caused when someone writes on the top sheet of a

pad or stack of paper. Indentations of the original writing will be impressed into the pages

below. The Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA) is a non-destructive method to

develop and preserve these indentations. Case Log of Questioned Documents is as follows

(January 2018 to December 2018):


Reports Issued 534

In Process 0

Incomplete / Closed Cases 02

Pending 0

NOTE: 12 extra cases were reported from the backlog of previous period during 2018.

Month wise case receiving and reporting during 2018 is as shown by the following bar

diagram.

48

42

52

47

52

40

31

25

34

60

47

46

60

39

43

28

61

54

40

35

30

47

55

42

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Cases Received

Cases Reported



CLASSIFIED of 102

Case classification shown below according to the evidence submitted:

Questioned Documents cases submission during 2018 is as following:

40744

30

30

40


SignatureVerification

HandwritingIdentification

Charred Documents

Stamp Verification

Others

Tampering/Alteration

379

60

85


Police

Courts

ACE



CLASSIFIED of 102



CLASSIFIED of 102

TOXICOLOGY DEPARTMENT



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FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY (TOX)

Forensic toxicology is the use of toxicology and other disciplines such as analytical

chemistry, pharmacology and clinical chemistry to aid medical or legal investigation of

death, poisoning, and drug use. Post-mortem Forensic Toxicology determines the

absence or presence of drugs and their metabolites, chemicals, volatile substances such

as ethanol, poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide and, metals, and other toxic

chemicals in human fluids and tissues, and evaluates their role as a detrimental or

contributing factor in the cause and manner of death.

The mission of Forensic Toxicology Department is adherence to international

standards, provision of professional and unbiased scientific services to the community in

the field of forensic toxicology using latest techniques and technologies to obtain accurate

and reliable results and their interpretations.

Toxicology laboratory analysts at PFSA, are trained in toxicological analysis,

interpretation, court testimony and the use of latest instrumentations such as:-

i) Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

ii) Headspace Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (HS-GC-FID)

iii) Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID)

iv) Gas Chromatography-Nitrogen Phosphorous Detector (GC-NPD)

v) Tox Analyzer (GC-MS with NPD)

vi) High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

vii) Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

viii) Liquid chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-

QTOF)

ix) Liquid chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (LC-MSMS)

x) Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.

Services Provided By Forensic Toxicology:

Forensic Toxicology unit provides flowing services

i) Screening and Identification of drugs and poisons in biological specimens

ii) Quantification of drugs in biological specimen (if required, for specific drugs).

iii) Testifying in courts as expert witness

iv) Research and development in the field of forensic toxicology.

v) Training in forensic toxicology.



CLASSIFIED of 102

Case Log of TOX is as follows (January 2018 to December 2018):

Total No. of Toxicology Cases received at PFSA in

2018 4810

Reports Issued 4810

In Progress 0

Pending 0

Month wise case receiving and reporting during 2018 shown by following bar chart.

Cases classification shown below according to the case types:

0

100

200

300

400

500

42

6

37

0

37

0

42

2

42

2

35

8 39

2 43

7

38

2

49

8

39

3

34

0

42

6

37

0

37

0 42

2

42

2

35

8

39

2 43

7

38

2

49

8

39

3

34

0

Cases Received

Cases Reported

3711

1099


Drug/Poison

Alcohol



CLASSIFIED of 102

Details of cases received from different submitting agencies:

4649

11

119

18

4

3

6

13


Police

Pak Army

CMH

Pak Railway

BMP

PAF

Others

others include MI, ISI, PFA, Live stocks, Fishieries Department



CLASSIFIED of 102

TRACE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT



CLASSIFIED of 102

TRACE CHEMISTRY (TC)

Trace chemistry department deals with the analysis of trace evidence. Dr. Edmond

Locard introduced the concept of trace evidence in the early 20th century by presenting

famous ‘Locard’s Exchange Principle’. This principle states that whenever two objects come in

contact, a transfer of material occurs. For example, when a killer enters and subsequently

departs a crime scene, the attacker could leave blood, DNA, latent prints, hair, and fibers,

or pick up such evidence from the victim.

Throughout the past century, forensic scientists have used trace evidence to

reconstruct crimes, as well as to describe the people, places and things involved in them.

Various case studies involving the use of trace evidence to solve criminal cases have been

published in the forensic science literature. Such studies explain how trace evidence helps

to free the innocent, and bring the guilty behind bars. Trace evidence is also important

in accident investigation, where movement of one part against another often results in

exchange of traces of material.

Facilities Provided by Trace Chemistry Department: Analysis of following trace evidence and their comparison with reference samples is

conducted in Trace Chemistry Department of PFSA: i) Hair

ii) Fiber

iii) Paint

iv) Tape

v) Glass

vi) Primer gunshot residue

vii) Footwear impressions and tyre track

viii) Blood spatter pattern analysis

ix) Trace metal detection test

x) Explosives

xi) Soil

xii) Unknown Material

xiii) Ignitable liquid analysis

Case log of Trace Chemistry is as follows (January 2018 to December 2018):

Total No. of Cases received at PFSA 2018 25440


In Process 1517


Pending 61



CLASSIFIED of 102

Month wise case receiving and reporting during 2018 can be seen by following bar chart:

Cases classification based on test types shown below according to the evidence

submitted:

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000


2588

2216 2

600

2035

1811

1370 1617

2118

1836

2858

2076 2315

1828 2148

1955

1858

2316

989

1535

2263

1893

2624

2377

2076

Month wise Case Recieving and Reporting Data

Cases Received Cases Reported

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

AcidTerrorism

MurderArson /

IgnitableGSR

AlcoholOthers

59218

20696

45

24764

52





CLASSIFIED of 102

Trace Chemistry cases submitted agency wise:

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Police

Military Police

25439

1





CLASSIFIED of 102

QUALITY ASSURANCE MEASURES AT PFSA Implementing ISO/IEC 17025:2017

“Punjab Forensic Science Agency is committed to provide quality Crime Laboratory Services by maintaining

impartiality and reporting accurate results duly verified by qualified experts and eventually to help Judicial Justice

System to develop crime free society”

PFSA has highly qualified human resource holding M.Sc. /BS Engg., M.Phil. and

Ph.D. degrees. PFSA conduct extensive training of hired individuals in their respective

disciplines as per international standards.

This training includes forensic testing, report writing and court testimony. All

personnel are required to pass competency tests before starting supervised casework.

Newly trained experts are authorized to work on test items independently only upon

satisfactory performance in the supervised casework.

On annual basis, all forensic experts must participate in proficiency tests purchased

from ISO/IEC 17043 accredited test provider. DNA & Serology experts have to take two

tests per year. Successful completion of these tests is compulsory to continue casework.

Validation Studies

All sections of PFSA use only validated testing procedures and equipment. These

validations ensure that the method or an instrument is fit for the purpose.

Quality Management System

PFSA has implemented standard ISO/IEC 17025 & American Society of Crime

Laboratory Directors (ASCLD) supplemental requirements for accreditation.

-----IMPLEMENTING QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN

PFSA----

Keeping in view general requirements of international standard ISO/IEC

17025:2005, Pakistan National Accreditation Council (PNAC) and American Society of



CLASSIFIED of 102

Crime Laboratory Directors (ASCLD), PFSA has prepared common PFSA Lab Manual, all

required quality policies and procedures for all sections.

Standard operating procedures (SOPs)/test methods and section specific

requirements of the standard have been incorporated in departmental SOPs and Quality

Assurance Manual.

Training and competence requirements and procedures have been outlined in

section specific Training Manual.

Common PFSA Laboratory Safety Manual was implemented. It covers safety related

issues of all sections.

PFSA has plan to combine all quality policies, procedures and PFSA Lab manual to

form single PFSA Quality Assurance Manual. While combining all these manuals, this

quality management system shall be updated as per ISO/IEC 17025:2017. Single

laboratory Quality Assurance Manual and Safety Manual will help avoid duplications in

policies and procedures, and provide all requirements in single document and to save

review time.

PFSA QUALITY POLICY STATEMENT

Keeping in view new version of the standard ISO/IEC 17025 PFSA has slightly

revised its quality policy statement. It is based on the following three fundamental

principles:

I. Ensuring that we safeguard and be committed to impartiality while performing

laboratory activities without submitting to any pressures such as commercial,

financial or any other type. PFSA shall identify risks to impartiality on on-going

basis and conform to the needs of our customers by minimizing or if possible,

eliminating the risk to impartiality.

II. Looking at our service provision processes, identifying the potential for errors

and taking the necessary action to eliminate them.

III. Everyone understands how to do the job and do it right first time.



CLASSIFIED of 102

Quality of Work

To maintain quality of work and to avoid corruption and corrupt practices: PFSA has

taken several measures, including following:

o PFSA conducts Polygraph and Drug Test of new employees to have their

background knowledge, if they have any detected or undetected criminal

background

o To ensure staff is not involved in any corruption or corrupt practices, randomly

selected employees are polygraph tested on annual basis

o It has been ensured that no PFSA employee involved in testing activities has

direct interaction with customers; communication is allowed only through

Legal Advisor

o PFSA has implemented policy for confidentiality and code of ethics and

conduct. Every employee has to sign an undertaking about strict compliance

of these policies.

o To avoid biasness employees are strictly directed to not work on any case in

which they have any stakes involved

o To ensure results being reported are based on scientific facts and observations

only, every case has to be independently reviewed technically by another

equally or more qualified and competent expert before release of examination

report

o Examination report is signed by both analyst and reviewer

o To avoid counterfeiting reports are issued on security paper

o Court testimonies of experts are evaluated on routine basis

o In addition to routine review of every test/examination, PFSA randomly select

case files of each analyst on bi-annual basis and review them to determine if

technical data supports the analyst findings which were reported in the

examination

o To maintain integrity of the submitted evidence items, chain of custody is

maintained for every transfer with reason



CLASSIFIED of 102

o Evidence items are stored in biometrically secured evidence vaults under CCTV

surveillance. Only authorized individuals have access to these areas, log to

access these vaults are maintained

o To further make sure that all policies and procedures are being followed,

internal audits of all sections are conducted on annual basis

o To evaluate annual progress, management review meetings are conducted on

annual basis

o Keeping in view the sensitive nature of the forensic testing work, PFSA has

zero tolerance policy regarding corruption and corrupt practices

Achievements

i) After achieving ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation during 2017, Firearms & Tool

Marks section and per accreditation follow up plan assessed during

surveillance visit of PNAC. Technical assessor from Czech Republic conducted

the assessment and because of absence of non-conformance, Firearms and

tool marks unit maintained their accreditation status.

ii) Questioned Documents and Latent fingerprints departments achieved

ISO17025:2005 accreditation as a result of compliance with the standard as

determined by assessment conducted by technical assessors from Lithuania

and PNAC.

iii) Four more sections shall start accreditation process during 2019-2020.

iv) PFSA has published 01 research paper in Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta

during 2018

v) 09 abstracts have been published in international conferences for workshop,

poster and oral presentations during 2018

vi) Trainings of more than 17000 officials from judiciary, prosecution and law

enforcement agencies were conducted since PFSA inception.



CLASSIFIED of 102

Sr. No. Department/Organization No of

Participants

1 Police 306

2 Prosecutors & Defense Lawyers 278

3 Judiciary 99

4 Students 504

5 Military Intelligence 214

6 Management Courses 16

7 Military Police 249

8 Rangers 157

9 Air Intelligence 52

10 Forensic Community 98

11 Inter-Services Intelligence 145

12 NAB 5

13 Naval Police 17

14 Media Team 14

15 Army Medical Officers 33

16 Counter Terrorism Department 16

17 Bomb Disposal Squad 30

18 CTD (KPK) 28

19 Sindh Forensic Lab 21

Total 2282



CLASSIFIED of 102