annual ambassadors’ conference the hague, the netherlands 4 september 2008 how serious are we...
TRANSCRIPT
Annual Ambassadors’ Conference
The Hague, The Netherlands
4 September 2008
How serious are we about ownership?
Javier Santiso
Director and Chief Economist
OECD Development Centre
OECD Development Centre
Overview: How Serious are We About Ownership?
ANNUAL AMBASSADORS’ CONFERENCE
11 The Principle of Ownership in 2008: Home Grown SolutionsThe Principle of Ownership in 2008: Home Grown Solutions
The Obstacles to Home-Grown Development KnowledgeThe Obstacles to Home-Grown Development Knowledge22
33 Broader Ownership Beyond 2008Broader Ownership Beyond 2008
2
OECD Development Centre
A series of Declarations highlight the importance of Ownership
• Monterrey Consensus 2002– “Effective partnerships among donors and recipients are based on the
recognition of national leadership and ownership of development plans”.
• Paris Declaration 2005– Recipient countries must “exercise effective leadership over their
development policies” and “coordinate development actions”.– The target: 75% of countries have “operational development strategies” by
2010 (evaluated by World Bank on the basis of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers).
1. The Principle of Ownership in 2008: Home-Grown Solutions
OECD Development Centre
Some progress has been made
• 8 of 62 recipient countries surveyed have “largely developed” operational development strategies.
• Most countries (67 %) have “taken action” in putting one together.
Source: Progress Report on Implementing the Paris Declaration, prepared for the Accra High-Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, 2008.
1. The Principle of Ownership in 2008: Home-Grown Solutions
OECD Development Centre
But the Paris Declaration’s take on ownership is shaky1. Ownership is a long-term process and requires actors outside
central government to be engaged.
2. Ownership requires home-grown solutions.
So: ownership cannot be measured only (or mostly) through PRSPs, which are drafted by central government and negotiated with strong donor input.
Source: Discussions at our “Ownership in Practice” Workshop, led by more than 30 experts from developing countries (September 2007).
1. The Principle of Ownership in 2008: Home-Grown Solutions
OECD Development Centre
Three obstacles
1. The development finance “non-system” strains weak capacities to take ownership.
2. Donors dominate development knowledge: knowledge is power.
3. Governance structures often prevent local policy debate.
2. The Obstacles to Home-Grown Solutions
OECD Development Centre
The international “non-system” is expanding
Global Programmes
World Bank
UNDP
GFATM
GAVI
Global Environment
Facility
Fast Track Initiative/
Education for All
…
Others, e.g. Islamic Dev.
Bank
NGOs
InternationalNGOs
Regionaldev. banks &
agencies
UN SpecialisedAgencies
National NGOsin donor countries
National NGOsin developing
countries
MultilateralDonors
IMF
Public Private
Other private
non profit
Private for profit
DAC donors
Incl. bilateral development banks and agencies
Other OECDdonors
(non-DAC)
Emerging donors
BilateralDonors
Foundations
Households (e.g. remittances and other private
transfers)
Firms
Commercial Banks
Private Investors
Observer status in DAC
EC
23
47
4
2
5
1297
325
2. The Obstacles to Home-Grown Solutions
OECD Development Centre
Financing mechanisms are multiplying
Source: Financing Development 2008: Whose Ownership? OECD Development Centre
Based on Kaul and Conceicao (2006)
2. The Obstacles to Home-Grown Solutions
OECD Development Centre
Private donors are matching official aid budgets
2. The Obstacles to Home-Grown Solutions
Source: Koch, D. J., in Financing Development 2008: Whose Ownership?
OECD Development Centre
OECD Development Centre
Development knowledge remains donor-driven
“Northern donors and think tanks and Northern-controlled multilateral organizations dominate the development knowledge industry. In so doing they exert a major influence on the policies and decisions of governments in the South.”
by Norman Girvan (University of the West Indies) from “Home-grown Solutions and Ownership”
prepared for our Workshop on “Ownership in Practice” (27-28 Sep 2007)See: www.oecd.org/development/globalforum
2. The Obstacles to Home-Grown Solutions
OECD Development Centre
Donors continue to use ineffective policy conditions
Conditions :
• have not been applied consistently• are often inappropriate to local circumstances• undermine local accountability structures
2. The Obstacles to Home-Grown Solutions
Source: Mold, A., and F. Zimmermann,
A Farewell to Policy Conditionality, August 2008 OECD Development Centre
OECD Development Centre
Donors fail to invest in Southern-based knowledge centres
Of the annual $1.3 billion of ODA spent on development research, only 6 per cent goes to developing countries.
Source: An Initiative to Strengthen Policy Analysis in Developing Countries, Rationale Paper for IDRC-Hewlett Think Tanks Initiative, 2006, based on OECD Creditor Reporting System.
2. The Obstacles to Home-Grown Solutions
OECD Development Centre
Are NGOs better at fostering Southern views?
Source: Koch DJ, in Financing Development 2008: Whose Ownership?
OECD Development Centre
Only 6 per cent of NGO Board members are from developing countries.
2. The Obstacles to Home-Grown Solutions
OECD Development Centre
Private banks could also base more analysts in the South
2. The Obstacles to Home-Grown Solutions
OECD Development Centre
Developing countries lack think tanks
2. The Obstacles to Home-Grown Solutions
More than 70 per cent of the world’s 5000 think tanks are based in OECD countries.
Source: Foreign Policy Research Institute’s Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program
(2007)
OECD Development Centre
Southern think tanks lack resources
2. The Obstacles to Home-Grown Solutions
Source: Santiso, J. and Whitehead, L. (2006), Ulysses, the Sirens and the Art of Navigation:
Political and Technical Rationality in Latin America,Working Paper No. 256, OECD Development Centre
OECD Development Centre
But local thinking is vital for governance…and ownership!
2. The Obstacles to Home-Grown Solutions
Source: OECD Development Centre, 2008, based on World Bank Governance Indicators (2007) and data from the Foreign Policy Research Institute’s Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (2007).
OECD Development Centre
Governments must broaden the policy debate
Broader ownership means (also) engaging with parliaments, local authorities, civil society and the media.
This requires:– Guaranteeing democracy and freedom of information– Reinforcing the role of national democratic institutions– Capacity development for non-state actors
3. Broader Ownership Beyond 2008
OECD Development Centre
Donors should foster local knowledge production
This means:• Reviewing conditionality
– Can performance-based conditions replace policy conditions?• Supporting local research and think tanks
– Endowments & core funding provide resources and promote independence.
– Showing the way: Hewlett Foundation and IDRC Think Tank Initiative.
3. Broader Ownership beyond 2008
OECD Development Centre
www.oecd.org/dev/publications/finance/2008
Financing Development 2008: Whose Ownership?
OECD Development Centre
www.oecd.org/dev/aeo
• Comprehensive, country-by-country analysis of economic, social, political development• Covers 35 countries: 87% of continent’s population; 95% of economic output• Produced with African Development Bank, UNECA and 5 African thinks tanks• OECD transferred leadership to African Development Bank with 2008 edition
African Economic Outlook 2008: Technical Skills Development
OECD Development Centre
African Economic Outlook impact
Seminar on Capitol Hill Washington D.C, June 2008
International Forum on African PerspectivesParis, June 2008
EU-Africa Summit Lisbon, December 2007 TICAD
Tokyo, May 2008
AfDB Annual MeetingMaputo, May 2008
• International launch at AfDB Annual Assembly: 11th May 2008• European launch: 13th May 2008• Over 40 presentations on 4 continents within 3 months of publication
OECD Development Centre
Thank you !
Further information:
www.oecd.org/dev
www.oecd.org/development/globalforum