Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Friedrich, Z. (1943). Schlacht um Kursk, Panzer VI. Retrieved from

http://www.bild.bundesarchiv.de/archives/barchpic/search/_1423525233/?search%5Bfor

m%5D%5BSIGNATUR%5D=Bild+101III-Zschaeckel-206-35

This image is of soldiers during World War II. These German soldiers were using the

tactic of Blitzkrieg, which was a German war tactic that focused on speed to quickly gain

control of nations. I used this image on my War Tactics page of my NHD website to give

a visual part of the Blitzkrieg tactic.

Hitler, A. (1932). Audio: Appeal to the Nation. Retrieved from Emerson Kent website:

http://www.emersonkent.com/speeches/appeal_to_the_nation.htm

This is a primary source because in the audio provided, Hitler is giving a speech. The

Appeal to the Nation was a speech given on July 15, 1932 by Adolf Hitler himself. In the

speech, Hitler states his goals for the future of Germany as a nation. I used this speech to

gather information on what made Hitler so appealing; why people were so passionate

about following him.

Hitler, A. (1941). Hitler’s Barbarossa Proclamation. Retrieved from Institute for Historical

Review: http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v19/v19n6p50_Hitler.html

This is a primary resource because it is a transcript of the speech that Hitler made during

World War II. On June 22, 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, declared war on

the Soviet Union. Suddenly, the Soviet Union was attacked by Germany and Europe in

general. As a result, they became allies with the United States and the Allies. I used this

source as a primary resource to showcase Hitler’s war tactics. In this case, it is Hitler’s

declaration of war against the Soviet Union.

Hitler, A. (1939). Audio: Hitler and the Jews. Retrieved from British Broadcasting Corporation

website: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/genocide/hitler_audio.shtml#top

This is a primary source because in the audio provided, Hitler is giving a speech. The

speech that he is giving is the infamous ‘Prophecy’ Speech to the Reichstag. This took

place on January 30, 1939. The speech was his “resolution” to the “Jewish Problem”,

which was basically his plan to annihilate the Jews. This article gave me information on

Hitler’s mindset before the war. Listening to this speech gave some perspective on

what Hitler thought, and about his motives for World War II.

Hitler, A. (1910). Self-portrait of Hitler. Retrieved from

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1164780/Face-monster-Self-portrait-Hitler-paint

ed-just-21-revealed-auction.html

Hitler, before his rule, had aspirations of being an artist. From a young age,

Hitler created paintings and other forms of art. However, constant rejection from the art

schools that he applied to and from peers discouraged Hitler in his pursuit of a

professional career in the arts. In this particular picture, Hitler himself is on a stone

bridge just sitting there. This symbolizes his loneliness, as he is alone in the painting.

This also shows Hitler’s solitude, because during that time, Hitler was going through a

tough time with family problems and the fact that in the painting he is alone shows this. I

used this painting as an example of symbolism to show Hitler’s inner feelings before

he went somewhat murderous.

Pisarek, A. (1938). Hitler’s war against the Jews. Retrieved from

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/74/1938_Interior_of_Berlin_synagogue_after

_Kristallnacht.jpg

This is the interior of a Jewish synagogue after Kristallnacht. Kristallnacht, dubbed the

“Night of Broken Glass”, was when the Nazis destroyed many significant parts of Jewish

history, such as synagogues and Jewish novels. The Night of Broken Glass was on

November 9, 1938 and this particular synagogue, Berlin’s Fasanenstrasse Synagogue,

was destroyed. I used this photo in my timeline as a part of a background of the events

that Hitler conducted.

Porträt Adolf Hitler als Kleinkind. (1889). Retrieved from Das Bundesarchiv:

http://www.bild.bundesarchiv.de/archives/barchpic/search/_1422354804/?search[view]=

detail&search[focus]=1

This is a primary source photo of Adolf Hitler as a child. This portrait was taken in the

year 1889 or 1890 of a toddler Adolf Hitler. The photographer is unknown and much of

the details about this photo are unknown. I used this photo in my timeline for the event of

Hitler’s birth. This photo is a primary source because it is a piece of history from that

time, which was Hitler’ infancy.

Sanders, J. (1931). Adolf Hitler at a Nazi Party parade. Retrieved from USHMM Artifact

Gallery: http://www.ushmm.org/propaganda/archive/hitler-nazi-parade/

This image is of Adolf Hitler standing alongside Nazi soldiers. This is a primary source

because the image was taken in 1931, during Hitler’s reign. I used this image in the

timeline in the Background section of my NHD website to show the event of Adolf Hitler

being declared leader of the Nazi Party.

United States Army. (1945). Hitler dead. Retrieved from Stars and Stripes the Official

U.S. Army magazine:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Stars_%26_Stripes_

%26_Hitler_Dead2.jpg

This image is of an article written on the official army newspaper in the United States.

When Hitler died in 1945 to suicide, the United States released this newspaper article,

appropriately titled “HITLER DEAD” in all capital letters. This newspaper article was

released at the peak of the war and Hitler’s suicide was a huge relief to many people. I

used this image in my timeline to show the date that Hitler committed suicide, which was

April 30, 1945.

Vashem, Y. (n.d.). An armed soldier in front of a Nazi flag. Retrieved from Yad Vashem

Archives: http://collections.yadvashem.org/photosarchive/en-us/8230_63645.html

This image is of a young soldier in front of a Nazi flag. This is a primary source

because the image I used was taken during World War II. I used this image in the

Economic Improvements section of my NHD website to showcase that the military

created jobs for citizens of Germany.

Secondary Sources

Adolf Hitler. (2014). Retrieved from Jewish Virtual Library website:

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/hitler.html

This website summarizes Adolf Hitler’s life. Hitler’s life throughout the late 1800’s and

first half of the 1900’s is described in this article. Also, the article describes Hitler’s

legacy. Not only is his current legacy explained, but his everlasting legacy during his

time and afterwards is explained. I used this article because it is important to the

prompt of this NHD project. One of the main themes is legacy and this article describes

Hitler’s legacy.

Alex, D. (2014). WW2 Statistics. Retrieved from

http://www.secondworldwarhistory.com/world-war-2-statistics.asp

World War II was one of the legacies that Hitler left behind. Adolf Hitler was the primary

cause for the war itself, when he attacked Poland as the ruler of Germany. With the war,

just like any other war, came death, and World War II was the most statistically

devastating war thus far. In total, over 70 million people died all over the world. No

corner of the world was untouched, even though there were some neutral nations. This

source is valuable because it shows the lives lost due to Hitler’s legacy. Hitler severely

lowered the population of many nations, thus changing the lives of the living as well.

Even in ‘neutral’ countries such as Switzerland, about 100 people died during World War

II. This source shows the statistical effect of Hitler’s leadership.

Attman, L. J. (2005). Adolf Hitler - Evil mastermind of the Holocaust. Berkeley Heights, NJ:

Enslow Publishers Inc.

This source is a novel by Linda Jacobs Attman. It is basically a biography on Hitler’s life.

Adolf Hitler was the Nazi dictator of Germany during the Third Reich and during World

War II. He followed President Hindenburg next in office. Hitler made key advancements

in Germany’s war tactics, which almost won him the war. This source is useful as a

biography on Hitler’s life and leadership.

BBC Website. (2014). BBC - GCSE Bitesize: How did Nazi economic and social policy affect

life in Germany?. Retrieved from

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/tch_wjec/germany19291947/2econom

icsocialpolicy1.shtml

This source also shows statistics during WWII under Hitler’s reign as dictator. This

website describes the processes that people went during WWII, such as the National

Labor Service. Additionally, there are facts on the processes, with the effect of the

processes along with it, over time. For example, there is the fact that during WWII, every

man from 18 to 25 years old had to serve in the army by law. This made the amount of

members in the armed forces increase immensely. Statistics of a war can show the

leadership and legacy that someone had, so this website was used to show Hitler’s

leadership and legacy in statistics. Also, statistics are concrete evidence, so this source

was of good use.

Biography.com Website. (2014). Adolf Hitler. Retrieved from

http://www.biography.com/people/adolf-hitler-9340144#world-war-ii

Adolf Hitler was born in Austria in 1889 to poor parents. Due to the wealth of his

parents, Adolf’s family life wasn’t that great. Hitler’s life is one of many evil and

astounding achievements at all ages. After a tough childhood that may have harbored

feelings, Hitler climbed up the political ranks. Most famously, he was the leader and

dictator of the Third Reich. Many historians and people alike give Adolf Hitler the

honorable title of being the cause of World War II. Biographies give good background

knowledge on a subject to better understand and refer to the leadership and legacy of a

person’s life in general. Biography.com, especially, gives an adequate amount of

information on Hitler’s early life, peak in life, and death.

Campion, M. J. (2014). How the world loved the swastika - Until Hitler stole it. Retrieved from

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29644591

The swastika actually wasn’t something that symbolized the notorious Nazi party.

Swastikas, until WWII, were peaceful symbols used by Hindus, Buddhists, and Jains, but

the connotation changed when it was used by the Nazi party. Before Hitler copied and

pasted the swastika onto the Nazi party’s things as their symbol, the swastika had a better

connotation. Even modern companies like Coca Cola had used the swastika before Hitler

did, to promote a happy atmosphere among its products. This article can be used to show

Hitler’s effect during his peak in power and his everlasting effect on the world today,

possibly even forever. The swastika went from being a symbol of peace and well-being to

symbolizing evil and a dark time in the history of human kind.

Grobman, G.M. (1990). Adolf Hitler. Retrieved from

http://remember.org/guide/Facts.root.hitler.html

A biography of Hitler is always a good source. This article describes Hitler’s early life,

which could possibly give some insight on why he turned out the way that he did. The

early life of a person molds how the person would become in the future. In this case,

Hitler had a horrible childhood. This doesn’t necessarily mean that he would become a

horrible person, but he did become a hated person, so his adult personality had a reason

somewhat. The early life of Hitler has links to psychological reasons behind his

homicidal personality. This article can be used to find the motives behind what Hitler

himself did. Also, Hitler’s rise to power is described in this article, which was helpful to

see the leadership he had throughout his life.

Haugen, B. (2006). Adolf Hitler - Dictator of Nazi Germany. Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point

Books.

This book was written by Brenda Haugen on the life of Adolf Hitler. It is basically a

biography telling about Hitler’s life and his legacy of hatred. Hitler was one of the most

hypnotic, captivating rulers ever, with a strong following both militarily and by the

German people. His death was met with a realization on his horrible deeds. This book

was used to show Hitler’s life sequence, why he might have been the way that he was,

and the impact that he had on the world through the war and population.

Historylearningsite.co.uk. (2014). The Nazis and the German Economy. Retrieved from

Historylearningsite:

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/nazis_and_the_german_economy.htm

The History Learning Site is a good place to get statistical information on many topics.

The Nazis and the German economy underwent many changes during the rule of Adolf

Hitler from 1933 to 1945. This website shows the unemployment rate and the activity of

the people during World War II. Surprisingly enough, when Hitler ruled, he lowered the

unemployment rate and increased the activity of the Germany people. He strengthened

the economy during the war after a depression, and Germany became a force to be

reckoned with. Also, a brief history behind the changes in the economy and the reasoning

behind what happened is given. This source was used to show the economic growth

that Hitler provided during the war, which was one of the positive things that Hitler did

for Germany. This source helps look at the good part of Hitler’s legacy.

Hitler’s Children. (2014). Hitler legacy. Retrieved from Hitler’s Children Website:

http://www.hitlerschildren.com/article/1428-hitler%E2%80%99s-family-today-and-the-le

gacy-of-the-hitler-name

Hitler’s deeds have not been forgotten, even by the people that bear his name. People

with Hitler’s surname used to be widely spread throughout Germany but they changed

their names, trying to forget the negativity surrounding it. Family members not closely

related to Adolf Hitler in any way besides name changed their names, too. Hitler’s life at

home was not a supportive one, with Hitler running away from home so that he would

not follow in his father’s footsteps. This source was used to see what Hitler’s legacy

was from a different perspective; his family life. Undoubtedly, future generations of the

Hitler family were left with Hitler’s legacy. Many people don’t think of the legacy that

Hitler left behind on his own kin.

Jewish Virtual Library. (2015). A definition of Zionism. Retrieved from Jewish Virtual Library:

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Zionism/zionism.html

This is a definition of the term Zionism created by the Jewish Virtual Library. This is a

secondary source because it is not a primary source written by someone that was alive

during that time. I used this source in the Creation of Israel page of my NHD website.

Nasser, S. (2014). Interview. Retrieved from mybrothersvoice@aol.com.

Stephen Nasser is someone that I have seen present at my middle school for all three

years. He is a living survivor of the Holocaust as a young boy in a concentration camp.

Stephen Nasser lives in Las Vegas, Nevada, so it would be easier to work out an

interview with him. As a Jewish child, Mr. Nasser saw his life slowly change to one of

horror, death, and tragic events. He has written his own book titled My Brother’s Voice

and presents to schools around Las Vegas and sometimes, the country. Mr. Nasser

provides a first-hand experience on the Holocaust, Hitler’s leadership, and his direct

legacy in Mr. Nasser’s personal life.

National Geographic. (2015). Austria map. Retrieved from National Geographic website:

http://www.nationalgeographic.biz/austria-map/austria-map-13/

This is a secondary source of a map of Austria. This map of Austria shows the borders,

cities, and other major political boundaries located in the country. I used this map in my

timeline of Hitler’s life. This map was used for the event of Hitler moving to Vienna,

Austria during his adolescent years.

Nazism.net. (2014). Adolf Hitler. Retrieved from Nazism website:

http://www.nazism.net/about/adolf_hitler/

The Nazism website is another biography of Adolf Hitler’s birth, life, and death. This

website describes Hitler’s rise to power and how he got to where he was in terms of

power. Also, his main moves in WWI and WWII are explained. His legacy on Germany,

Europe, and the rest of the world remains seen throughout history. Hitler’s “1000 year

reich” lasted 12 years. Statistically and metaphorically, peoples’ lives were changed by

his legacy. This document was used because it describes what Hitler did as a leader

and his legacy on today’s (and the future’s) world.

Rosenberg, J. (2014). Adolf Hitler: 34 facts (list) - 20th Century History

http://history1900s.about.com/od/hitleradolf/a/Hitler-Facts.htm

This website is somewhat like a biography except it gives facts about Adolf Hitler. Hitler

was born in Austria on April 20, 1889. Only one of his siblings survived childhood, and

he was the oldest living child in the family. He had quite a bit step-siblings, which may

have contributed to his bitter feelings as an adolescent. There is no definite reason as to

why Hitler’s anti-semitism became so strong, but Hitler did live on the streets of Vienna,

a place that had an anti-semitist vibe going on during that time. Hitler joined the military

in World War I and climbed his way up to eventually become the leader of Nazi

Germany during the Third Reich. This source is helpful because it is like a timeline of

Hitler’s life. I can also see the individual events that may have led to Hitler’s strong

anti-semitism.

Shmoop Editorial Team. (2008). World War II Statistics. Retrieved from

http://www.shmoop.com/wwii/statistics.html

World War II had many deaths thanks to Nazi Germany and Hitler. Over 16 million

Americans served in the army during the war in an act of patriotism and/or they were

drafted by the military. Worldwide, the estimated amount of people serving in the war

was 1.9 billion people while the population of the world was 2.3 billion people, which

meant most people served in the war in some kind of way. Ways that people could

“serve” would be through the military, or working at factories that supplied the military.

Around 110,000 American soldiers died serving in the military during World War II.

This source was helpful because it also shows the impact that WWII had on America,

rather than just Europe. Also, world statistics are given, which were helpful.

The History Channel Website. (2014). Adolf Hitler | History. Retrieved from History Channel

website: http://www.history.co.uk/biographies/adolf-hitler

This biography is about Hitler’s birth, life, and death. It marks significant events

throughout Hitler’s life. The History Channel Website is a good source for extensive

research based on a historical topic. There are many specifics such as Hitler’s student

record and more personality traits rather than facts that were repeated in other sources.

Also, specific numbers on the Nazi Party are facts in this source. This biography in

particular helped show leadership and legacy showcased by Adolf Hitler. Leadership

through events, and legacy through effect.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (2014). Jewish Population of Europe in 1945.

Retrieved from http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005687

The Jewish population of Europe in 1945 is an important statistic. During World War II,

the Jewish population of Europe was greatly affected, considering the fact that Hitler’s

ultimate goal of world domination started with the annihilation of the Jewish population.

Rough estimates are good for general statements, but specific numbers are also useful for

providing accurate evidence during a time of war. Around 6 million Jewish people in

Europe were mass murdered through genocide. The number of Jewish people in Europe

went from 9.5 million to 6.5 million from 1933 to 1945. This significant number is a part

of Hitler’s lasting legacy and evil leadership. I used this source to show Hitler’s effect

on the population and peoples’ lives during the war.

Weber, M. (1993). Zionism and the Third Reich. Retrieved from

http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v13/v13n4p29_Weber.html

This is a description of Zionism and the Third Reich, which was the era that Hitler ruled

Germany. Zionism is the movement that declared that the Jewish people needed to go

back to their homeland, Palestine. Thus became the creation of the state of Israel. This is

a secondary source because it describes what happened during that time and wasn’t

actually written during that time. I used this website in the Creation of Islam section of

my NHD website.