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Annex 1, revised 1 May 2008, EISCAT_3D Contract 011920

SIXTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME PRIORITY [#]

[PRIORITY TITLE]

Contract for: SPECIFIC SUPPORT ACTION

Annex I - “Description of Work” Project acronym: EISCAT_3D Project full title: European Next Generation Incoherent Scatter Radar Proposal/Contract no.: 011920 Document: Revision 1 May 2008 ver3 2008-09-17 Start date of contract: 1 May 2005

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EISCAT Scientific Association

Annex 1 revision 1 May 2008 Final ver3 2008-09-17.docx Revision history Changes Annex 1 EISCAT_3D Contract 011920 Annex 1, revised 1 April 2007, EISCAT_3D Contract 011920

Revised Description of Work. Changes to the original document: (1) CCLRC replaced with STFC, (2) fixing errors in the man-effort tables such that it now shows the correct numbers


Revised Description of Work. Changes to the 1 April 2007 document: (1) fifth partner, IRF included, (2) WP13, Enabling Procedures included, (3) redistributed budget and (4) revised project plan, including milestones and deliverables

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Table of Contents 1. Project summary .................................................................................................................. 4 2. Overall objectives and state of the art ................................................................................ 4 3. List of Participants ............................................................................................................... 6 4. Implementation plan– for the full duration of the project ............................................... 8

4.0 Introduction – general description and milestones ..................................................... 8 4.1 List of work packages .................................................................................................... 9 4.2 Project Plan ................................................................................................................... 12 4.3 Work Package descriptions ......................................................................................... 17

Work Package 1: Management of the Design Study ................................................... 17 Work Package 2: Evaluation of design performance goals ........................................ 18 Work Package 3: Evaluation of options for the active element ................................. 19 Work Package 4: Phased array receivers .................................................................... 20 Work Package 5: Interferometry .................................................................................. 22 Work Package 6: Active Element ................................................................................. 23 Work Package 7: Distributed Control and Monitoring ............................................. 24 Work Package 8: Data archive and distribution ......................................................... 25 Work Package 9: Signal Processing ............................................................................. 27 Work Package 10: New techniques ............................................................................... 28 Work Package 11: Implementation Blueprint ............................................................. 29 Work Package 12: Networking and reference time and frequency ........................... 30 Work Package 13: Enabling Procedures ..................................................................... 31

5. Project management and exploitation/dissemination plans ........................................... 33 5.1 Organisational structure and overall project management ..................................... 33 5.2 Potential impact and risks assessment ....................................................................... 34 5.3 Plan for Use and Dissemination of Knowledge .......................................................... 34

6. Project resources and budget overview ............................................................................ 36 6.1 Specific Support Action Effort Form - Full duration of project .............................. 36 6.2 Description of other resources needed ....................................................................... 37

6.3 Overall budget for the project (Forms A3.1 & A3.2 from CPFs) ................................ 38

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1. Project summary The radars of the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) are the World’s leading ground based instruments providing high quality radar observations of the auroral and polar ionosphere and atmosphere. Current and future ionospheric and plasma physics research, geophysical environmental monitoring, modelling, and forecasting (e.g. for space weather, ionospheric corrections, and climate change) are driving requirements for both quasi-continuous observations and substantially improved spatial and temporal resolution.

A four year design study is proposed to investigate the technical feasibility, costs, and potential European manufacturers of a new next generation VHF incoherent scatter radar with distributed power amplifiers and an upgraded antenna array for both transmission and reception, together with at least two further, remote reception facilities, using phased arrays with multiple distributed receivers. The design study also encompasses essential developments in advanced signal processing, data collection, distribution, and analysis.

2. Overall objectives and state of the art The present state of the art in incoherent scatter ionospheric radars is represented by the facilities of the EISCAT Scientific Association which have been developed and operated by the Association, on behalf of the research councils of France, Finland, Germany, Japan, Norway, Sweden, and the UK over the last twenty years. The facilities of the Association, including the World’s most powerful ionospheric modification facility, have enjoyed a pre-eminent position for at least the last ten years.

Other radars exist at Irkutsk (Russia), Kharkov (Ukraine), Kyoto (Japan), Söndre Strömfjord (Greenland), Millstone Hill (USA), Arecibo (Puerto Rico, USA), Jicamarca (Peru), and in Indonesia. Substantial recent investment by the USA will lead to the availability of a new high-latitude radar, to be located in Northern Canada, by late 2006. This radar will have technical abilities beyond those which can be provided by the existing EISCAT radars either in their present form or through reasonable upgrades.

The facility envisaged in this design study will surpass all other facilities, both existing and under construction, and will provide European researchers with access to the World’s most advanced and capable facility. It will require the development of new radar and signal processing technology, together with crucial developments in polarisation control, built-in interferometric capabilities, the provision of remote receiving installations with electronic beam forming, signal processing, and automated data analysis. In order to allow the construction of the large phased array systems required, the design study also envisages seminal developments in the design and production of VLSI technology components.

The design study also includes a component to design communication, data distribution, and data archiving systems which leverage the available skills and existing network and Grid structures within the Community. These developments will allow European scientists and other users to access data from the new systems irrespective of their location within the community.

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The principal components of the system are:

• A VHF transmitter system • At least three receiver systems, of which two or more will use remote phased arrays

capable of simultaneously receiving scattered signals from ionospheric volumes along the radar beam with sample separations better than the scale-height of the ionosphere (i.e. the altitude interval over which the ionosphere behaves as if constant) at each altitude

• Two or more interferometry receiver systems located close to the transmitter to support measurements of spatially restricted phenomena at resolutions less than the dimensions of the transmitted beam

• Appropriate networks and data distribution systems to allow both remote control of the facility and timely and effective distribution of both raw and processed data and results

• Development of improved radar pulse compression techniques to exploit the capabilities of the new transmitter system

• Development of improved data analysis methods, data visualisation and manipulation tool, and new data products and services to support extended and new user communities.

The principal deliverable resulting from the Design Study will be a fully developed and costed design for the next generation ionospheric radar, whose performance will match or exceed the requirements of European scientists and data consumers over the next cycle of solar activity. Implicit in the successful design will be the development of a construction project and time plan, the identification of suitable components, systems, and (European) vendors, suppliers, and developers, and the identification of funding options and profiles.

The design study will leverage innovative design in RF generation, signal generation and coding, radar receivers, signal processing, and radar operation techniques and will exploit the scientific expertise and capabilities of both the EISCAT Scientific Association itself and its wider user community.

Figure 1: Sketch of the present distribution of EISCAT facilities in the European Arctic with example instantaneous coverage (dashed lines) and the basic additions, also with example instantaneous coverage (solid lines) to be addressed by the design study.

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3. List of Participants ParticRole*

Partic No.

Participant name Partic short name

Country Enter project**

Exit project**

CO 1 EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden

The EISCAT Scientific Association has developed, owns, and operates the World’s leading Incoherent Scatter radars. The Association has a proven record of accomplishment for technical and scientific excellence and successfully completed the design, construction, and commissioning (1996) of the most recent such instrument to be built.

EISCAT Sweden Month 1 Month 48

CR 2 University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway

The historic Auroral Observatory, originally established by Kristian Birkeland in 1899, is today part of the University of Tromsø and forms the core of its physics department. The internationally recognised upper atmosphere group at the Auroral Observatory has expertise in all aspects of high latitude ionospheric and atmospheric physics including world-leading capabilities in radar interferometry of auroral structures.

UiT Norway Month 1 Month 48

CR 3 University of Luleå, Luleå, Sweden

Luleå University of Technology is the northernmost university of technology in Scandinavia. First established as a regional technical college in 1974, it has now grown into a full university with 12000 students and a staff of 1500.

LTU Sweden Month 1 Month 48

CR 4 Science & Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom

The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory hosts a support group for the UK EISCAT user community which maintains an on-line archive containing over 4Tb of EISCAT raw data, containing data from 1981 to the present day. The UK Solar System Data Centre at RAL/STFC holds a large amount of solar system physics data and is currently developing links to the latest Grid technologies via the UK’s Astrogrid project (part of the international IVOA virtual observatory consortium) .

RAL/STFC U.K. Month 1 Month 48

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CR 5 Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna and Uppsala, Sweden

The Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF) is a governmental research institute with a staff of 110. Its primary task is to carry out basic research, higher education and observatory activities in space physics, space technology and atmospheric physics. Active in radio-based ionosphere research since the 1950s, the Institute played a leading role in the design and production of the first generation of receivers for the EISCAT systems in the late 1970s. Since 1981, it operates the EISCAT Kiruna receiver site. Scientific staff at the Institute is regularly using the different EISCAT systems in their research work. The Institute owns and operates ALIS, a unique system for 3D imaging of optical emissions from the auroral ionosphere. Its engineering staff have also installed and operated a MST radar system in Antarctica.

IRF Sweden Month 33 Month 48

*CO = Coordinator CR = Contractor ** Normally insert “month 1 (start of project)” and “month n (end of project)” These columns are needed for possible later contract revisions caused by joining/leaving participants

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4. Implementation plan– for the full duration of the project

4.0 Introduction – general description and milestones Through an exercise aimed at developing the scientific priorities for the next 10-15 years and the infrastructure necessary to support them, the EISCAT Scientific Association has outlined a potential new radar system which would be located on the Scandinavian mainland and which would function to replace the aging UHF and VHF incoherent scatter radars which have now been in operation for close to twenty years. This Design Study will investigate the technical feasibility, costs, and potential European suppliers of such a new VHF incoherent scatter radar, comprising a central facility for both transmission and reception, together with at least two further, remote reception facilities, using phased arrays with multiple distributed receivers.

The Design Study focuses on a number of areas required for the definition and design of viable, effective and affordable hardware and software architectures for an extremely high-performance, world leading, ionospheric radar, as well as the infrastructure and systems required to support it. The Study is divided into a number of smaller Work Packages, most of which are wholly, or mainly, allocated to single members of the Consortium.

Definition of required performance criteria

Evaluate transmitter options

Site evaluations Pulse scheme design

Next Generation Incoherent Scatter

Radar

Transmitter design

Control and monitoring

Interferometry system design

Phased array receiver system design

New ways to exploit the data

Data collection, assimilation, archiving

and, distribution

Signal processing

Decoding and analysis software

Figure 2 summarises the relationship between the various Work Packages identified and described in detail in section 4.1, grouping them into Preliminary Studies (light stipple), Primary Developments (slanted hatching), and Enabling Support Exercises (vertical hatching). All these contribute to the Final Deliverable Radar Design.

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4.1 List of work packages

Work package No

Descriptive Title Leading participant Short description and specific objectives of the task

WP1 Management of Design Study and Spectrum Allocation

EISCAT The Management Work Package runs throughout the Design Study and ensures a co-ordinated and concerted approach towards the project objectives. The Package also covers administrative and reporting tasks as well as provision for timely and appropriate distribution of funds between the partners and procurement of audit certificates by each of the Partners at regular intervals. A detailed project plan will be developed during the first three months of the Design Study, and subsequently used for Project Management.

WP2 Evaluation of design performance goals

EISCAT This Work Package includes a comprehensive review of current and future requirements leading to a specification document describing the specific and detailed performance goals to be achieved.

WP3 Evaluation of options for the active element

EISCAT, from month 33 IRF

A major part of the cost of the new facility will be invested in the production of the high power transmission capability. The relative benefits of different approaches, ranging from a multi-component transmitter / multi-feed conventional antenna design to a full phased array with the transmitter integral with, and distributed across, the antenna, will be evaluated as part of this Work Package and used to identify the optimum solution in terms of scientific return, performance, ease of manufacture, and cost.

WP4 Phased array receivers LTU A key element of the next generation radar is the ability to receive scattered radar power over a wide range of altitudes by employing an essentially unlimited number of simultaneous receiving beams, generated by sophisticated signal processing of the signals received at the individual antenna elements of two or more large phased arrays located at distances of the order of 100-300 km from the transmitter site. This work package includes all the design and development work to prepare construction blueprints for such arrays.

WP5 Interferometry UiT Studies of very fine scale plasma phenomena require the routine employment of interferometric techniques in order to resolve features whose spatial scales are less than the scales of the scattering volumes defined by range gating and the transmitter beam geometry, or the intersection geometry of transmit and receive beams. This Work Package includes studying interferometry-specific requirements for the receive systems and developing designs for the hardware and software required to make interferometric observations a routine component of the radar operation.

WP6 Active element EISCAT, from month 33 IRF

This package covers the design of the active component of the radar including generation, modulation and distribution of the RF signal, RF power generation, the transmitting antenna system, the control and monitoring systems and, if required, transmit-receive switching and receiver protection.

WP7 Distributed Control and Monitoring

EISCAT Both the global control and monitoring of the whole facility and the low-level control and monitoring of the thousands of distributed antenna elements within the individual arrays place large demands on the support systems and software. This work package includes an evaluation of existing concepts and strategies for managing real-time, geographically widespread systems and the design of a flexible,

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expandable and (insofar as possible) future-proof control and monitoring system.

WP8 Data Archiving and Distribution

RAL/STFC This Work Package covers several areas related to the efficient collection and distribution of large volumes of data across the geographically extended radar installations and between the instruments themselves and the user and consumer communities. The Work Package includes the design of the Data Distribution System and the Secure Data Archive, as well as the design of Data Visualisation and Data Assimilation tools to allow users and consumers to access and utilise the output of the new facility efficiently and effectively.

WP9 Signal Processing EISCAT, from month 33 IRF

The effective operation of the distributed components of the receiver, the post-set forming of multiple antenna beams with arbitrary polarisations, the automatic beam pointing checking and correction, the adaptive interference excision and the effective decoding of the transmitted radar modulations place heavy demands the hardware and software signal processing components. This Work Package includes a critical assessment of different alternative signal processing strategies and topologies and the design of a comprehensive, expandable set of hard- and software processing primitives.

WP10 New ways of exploiting incoherent scatter radars

UiT The unique capabilities of the proposed new incoherent scatter radar will make it possible to undertake continuous observations of different physical parameters in the polar upper atmosphere. Long and continuous time series of such parameters are of vital importance for understanding the climatic conditions in the upper parts of the atmosphere. This Work Package will exploit the use of such data for climatic studies. The application of such long time series for continuous correction for ionospheric disturbances in remote sensing polar orbiting satellite data and especially in Galileo, as well as GPS data, will be included in this work Package. The application of such data in space weather studies and for the correction of SAR remote sensing data will also be investigated

WP11 Implementation Blueprint EISCAT The goal of the Design Study is to produce a complete specification and set of appropriately tested and costed design blueprints suitable to support a detailed procurement exercise as the initial task of a successor project which should construct and commission the new radar. This Work package will start towards the end of the overall study and co-ordinate the preparation of the final deliverable design documents across the other Work Package areas.

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WP12 Networking and Reference Time and Frequency Distribution

EISCAT At each antenna array, high quality timing and frequency reference signals must be generated and distributed to all elements to achieve the stringent synchronisation (to better than 50 ps) required for the overall system to function as intended. Also, command data must be passed to each array element and the data streams from the receiving elements must be collected, concentrated, and routed onto a performance network. This work package covers the design of the time and frequency reference systems and the fibre-optic network topology and communication protocols internal to the array.

WP13 Enabling Procedures EISCAT This Work Package addresses issues related to the preparations for the next phase of the EISCAT_3D project in so far as they are relevant to the Design Study. As the Design Study progressed during the first intervals it became clear that some planning and preparation related to actual potential build sites would be required to illuminate the design study itself, particularly in the latter stages, as well as further preparatory work supporting the construction of the final reports. The planned radar is an active remote-sensing device whose operation depends critically on access to 10 MHz or more of the radio frequency spectrum at or about 225 MHz. This Work Package therefore includes an element addressing the spectrum-engineering and regulatory aspects involved, with a view towards obtaining long-term protected spectrum allocations at all potential radar sites.

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4.2 Project Plan

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4.2 Project Plan (cont.)

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4.2 Project Plan (cont.)


4.3 Work Package descriptions Work Package 1: Management of the Design Study Work package number WP1 Start date or starting event: Month 1 Activity Type Management activities: Management of the Design Study Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total

Person-months per participant: 16.86 16.86

Objectives The Management Work Package runs throughout the Design Study and ensures a co-ordinated and concerted approach towards the project objectives. The Package also covers administrative and reporting tasks as well as provision for timely and appropriate distribution of funds between the partners and procurement of audit certificates by each of the Partners at regular intervals.

Description of work This Work Package includes the overall technical and financial management of the Design Study. Monitoring of all Work Packages, milestones, and deliverables and formulation of corrective measures when necessary Control and monitoring of the financial operation of the Project, distribution of funds to partners and collation of Partner financial reports Provision of progress and accounting reports for the European Union Operation and maintenance of the Project Web site, including secure archiving of project materials. Preparation and distribution of project reports, including public access literature Investigation of actual and potential funding for the build phase of the new facility Control and monitoring of EISCAT Work Packages

Deliverables D1.1 Annual Design Study Progress Report + Annual Financial accounting Report, due 15 June 2006 D1.2 Annual Design Study Progress Report + Annual Financial accounting Report, including Audit Certificates, due 15 June 2007 D1.3 Annual Design Study Progress Report + Annual Financial accounting Report, due 13 June 2008 D1.4 Annual Design Study Progress Report + Annual Financial accounting Report, including Audit Certificates, due 15 June 2009 D1.5 Final Design Document for the Next Generation EISCAT Incoherent Scatter Radar, due 15 June 2009

Milestones and expected result Month 12: First period Reports (D1.1) Month 24: Second period Reports (D1.2) Month 36: Third period Reports (D1.3) Month 48: Fourth period Reports (D1.4) Month 48: Final Design Document (D1.5)

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Work Package 2: Evaluation of design performance goals Work package number WP2 Start date or starting event: Month 1 Activity Type Activity specific for the Support Action Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total

Person-months per participant: 9.30 0.50 0.50 0.50 10.80

Objectives This Work Package includes a comprehensive review of current and future requirements, leading to a Specification Document describing the specific and detailed performance goals to be achieved.

Description of work The operating parameters, strengths, weaknesses and actual performance of all existing incoherent scatter radars (including the present EISCAT systems), as well as radar systems under construction, will be reviewed. Scientific performance requirements for the next generation European incoherent scatter system put forth by the scientific community will be identified. Operational performance requirements will be identified in consultation with EISCAT staff and expert users. All findings and requirements will be collated into a draft Radar Performance Specification Document to be released for public consultation, presented to the EISCAT Scientific Advisory Committee for comments, and reviewed at a Radar Performance Review meeting. Based on the input received, the specifications will then be updated and after a final round of consultations the final Performance Specification Document, forming the baseline for the actual design study, will be issued.

Deliverables D2.1 EISCAT_3D Radar Performance Specification Document, due 7 November 2005

Milestones and expected result Month 4: EISCAT_3D Radar Performance Review meeting Month 5: Draft Performance Specification Document issued for public consultation Month 6: Performance Specification Document finalized (D2.1) Month 36: Handover meeting WP13

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Work Package 3: Evaluation of options for the active element Work package number WP3 Start date or starting event: Month 6 Activity Type Activity specific for the Support Action Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total

Person-months per participant: 3.30 7.50 10.80

Objectives A major part of the cost of the new facility will be invested in the production of the high power transmission capability. The relative benefits, and consequences for the design of other subsystems, of adopting either a phased array (with the transmitter integral with, and distributed across, the antenna) or a multi-component transmitter (providing multiple feeds to support electronic beam steering with a conventional antenna) will be evaluated as part of this Work Package and used to identify the optimum solution in terms of scientific return, performance, ease of manufacture and commissioning, reliability, maintainability and cost.

Description of work Information and literature research will be conducted to establish the current state of the art in high power RF generation at VHF. This will cover active device technology, radar systems, particle accelerator RF systems, fusion RF sources, broadcasting systems and the industry R&D outlook for the future. High-power components, devices and subsystems and antenna designs will be identified and rated for performance, suitability, availability, reliability, lifetime, and cost. Contacts to industry, owners, and operators of other large VHF radar installations and the RF groups at accelerator laboratories (CERN, DESY and others) will be established and, if found advantageous, study visits will be made to some of these establishments. For each of three or more possible transmitter / transmission antenna configurations meeting the baseline performance requirements, tentative architectures for the active element will be established, performance requirements for the component parts will be laid down and suitable system components identified. Integral to this exercise, interferometry-specific boundary conditions, and/or performance requirements will be identified and used to constrain and/or raise the performance requirements. For each of the configurations, scientific and operational advantages and disadvantages of including or not including a receiving capability as part of the active element will be investigated and constructional and cost consequences assessed. Budgetary cost estimates for the different active element architectures will be requested from industry. Logistical, environmental, maintenance and cost-of-ownership aspects of the different architectures will be assessed separately. Facts, results, costings, and conclusions will be collated into a draft report to be circulated for public comment and discussed at a “Next Generation European Incoherent Scatter Radar Active Element” workshop. A number of test power amplifier modules, using the selected rf-generation method selected, will be constructed in order to conduct adequate testing and evaluation programs. Following the Workshop, the final selection of the active element architecture and technology will be made and the final Active Element Subsystem Report published.

Deliverables D3.1 (cancelled) D3.2 EISCAT_3D Radar Active Element Subsystem Report, due 3 November 2008

Milestones and expected result Month 16: Handover meeting with WP6. Month 42: Active element technology selected, EISCAT_3D Radar Active Element Subsystem Report published (D3.2).

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Work Package 4: Phased array receivers Work package number WP4 Start date or starting event: Month 6 Activity Type Activity specific for the Support Action Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total


Objectives A key element of the next generation radar is the ability to receive scattered radar power over a wide range of altitudes by employing an essentially unlimited number of simultaneous receiving beams, generated by sophisticated signal processing of the signals received at the individual antenna elements of two or more large phased arrays located at distances of the order of 100-300 km from the transmitter site. This work package includes all the design and development work to prepare construction blueprints for such arrays.

Description of work The phased-array antenna subsystem can be separated into three substantially separate component parts:

• Element antenna

• Receiver front end

• Time synchronization of antenna elements

This leads to the following sub-tasks to be addressed within the work package:

Antenna array design: Computer simulations of array design for several different choices of element antenna. As part of this task, the performance requirements imposed on the antenna electronics subsystem by different array topologies and architectures will be investigated and a specific array architecture selected

Antenna subsystem architecture: An antenna subsystem laid out in accordance with the selected array architecture will be simulated and tested to ensure feasibility of future implementation. Iteration may prove necessary.

VHF receiver VLSI electronics: Design, simulation and layout of VLSI front-end: (224 +/- 10) MHz RF => (40-50) Msamples/s). Design and layout of VLSI electronics necessary for time synchronization and communication of data from arbitrary antenna element. Time synchronization requirement is expected to be better than 50 ps. Manufacturing of design in one or two VLSI circuits.

Verification of VLSI circuits: Design and construction of a test circuit, and its use to verify performance of manufactured VLSI units. Test of manufactured VLSI circuits.

Design of antenna subsystem: Design of complete antenna subsystem meeting global antenna requirements. Including multi-beaming capabilities, adaptive real time pointing calibration, real time command, and control and data communication.

Validation of array subsystem concept: Including verification of multi-beaming capabilities, adaptive real time pointing calibration and real time command, control and data communication on a demonstrator sub-array [5 - 10 array elements].

Adaptive Estimation of Polarization Explore the literature on subspace tracking, and identify means in which known algorithms can be applied to the polarization estimation problem. By utilizing a Bayesian perspective it is possible to incorporate prior knowledge into the signal processing scheme. Of particular interest here lie the incorporation regarding the polarization parameter

Report: Writing of WP report.

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Work Package 4, continued… Deliverables D4.1 (cancelled) D4.2 EISCAT_3D Radar Receiver/Receiving Antenna Subsystem Report, due 1 April 2009

Milestones and expected result Month 30: Receiver VLSI electronics design completed; design committed to silicon Month 32: VLSI components successfully tested and validated Month 36: Report presenting algorithms and evaluations (using simulated data) for subspace tracking of polarization orientation in low-SNR applications, including evaluation of Bayesian estimators that utilize apriori orientation knowledge. Month 36: Submission to IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing on the Estimation of 2x2 Complex Covariance Matrices in low-SNR Situations. Month 40: Antenna array subsystem design finished Month 41: Report extending the above derived technique to an adaptive fashion, i.e., subspace tracking using a-priori orientation knowledge Month 42: Report showing evaluations using real data containing electron density records from the EISCAT_3D deployment area. Month 46: Successful validation of antenna subsystem using demonstrator sub-array Month 46: Evaluation of the above mentioned techniques on real data containing electron density records from the EISCAT_3D deployment area. Month 48: Receiver/Receiving Antenna Subsystem Report issued (D4.2)

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Work Package 5: Interferometry Work package number WP5 Start date or starting event: Month 1 Activity Type Activity specific for the Support Action Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total


Objectives Studies of very fine scale plasma phenomena require the routine employment of interferometric techniques in order to resolve features whose spatial scales are less than the scales of the scattering volumes defined by range gating and the transmitter beam geometry, or the intersection geometry of transmit and receive beams. This Work Package includes studying interferometry-specific requirements for the receive systems and developing designs for the hardware and software required to make interferometric observations a routine component of the radar operation.

Description of work 1. Comprehensive evaluation and characterization of different design options for an interferometric receiver antenna

array for imaging of radar scattering targets. A progress report will be delivered at the 2005 EISCAT Workshop. 2. Definition of data acquisition and phase calibration performance requirements for interferometric array. This task

includes identifying and defining interferometry-specific requirements for absolute synchronization to UTC, through the use of GPS or otherwise.

3. Implementation, characterization, and evaluation of imaging inversion algorithms. In interferometric imaging, the instrument detects only part of the true brightness distribution. The resulting raw image is therefore an incomplete and noisy estimate which must be cleaned and smoothed through the application of appropriate inversion algorithms. In this task, different algorithms will be investigated, implemented and their performance evaluated against imaging criteria derived from simulations.

4. Design of visualization techniques for multi-dimensional imaging radar results. Presenting the data from the imaging radar in a way that conveys its physical significance is a great challenge. This task addresses the development of techniques for presenting multi-dimensional data and includes the development and validation of a minimum set of visualisation primitives, sufficient to validate the design concept when run on data generated by the demonstrator array operated in an imaging mode.

Deliverables D5.1 EISCAT_3D Radar Imaging Array Configurations Report, due 7 August 2006 D5.2 EISCAT_3D Radar Imaging Algorithms Report, due 7 January 2008 D5.3 EISCAT_3D Radar Multidimensional Imaging Radar Data Visualisation Report, due 15 January 2009

Milestones and expected result Month 12: Interferometry-specific requirements for time synchronization and phase stability identified and laid down; handover meeting with WP12 Month 15: Imaging Array Configurations Report (from task 1) completed (D5.1) Month 32: Imaging Algorithms Report completed (D5.2) Month 44: Multidimensional Imaging Radar Data Visualisation Report completed (D5.3) Month 46/47: Validation of imaging algorithms on demonstrator array

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Work Package 6: Active Element Work package number WP6 Start date or starting event: Month 16 Activity Type Activity specific for the Support Action Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total


Objectives This package covers the detailed design of the active component of the radar including generation, modulation and distribution of the RF signal, RF power generation, the transmitting antenna system, the control and monitoring systems and, if required, the necessary transmit receive switching and receiver protection.

Description of work At the beginning of this WP, a handover meeting will be held jointly with WP3 and WP7. Starting from the specifications laid down in D3.2 (EISCAT_3D Radar Active Element Subsystem Report) and D7.1 (Distributed Control and Monitoring Interim Report), a detailed design for the active element topology will be worked out. Based on this, the work will be split into several sub-packages, interfaces between these will be defined, and an Active Element Interim Report will be issued. The number and scope of the sub-packages will depend on technology selections made in WP3 and WP7 and so cannot be completely specified initially; the organisation of this Work Package therefore needs to be revisited once the Interim Report is available. Some sub-packages will however be required in all scenarios: - Design of the RF exciter / modulator system - Design of RF power amplifier modules - Validation of power amplifier design - Design of element antennas - Design of antenna array and simulation of antenna performance - Design of built-in test equipment (BITE) - Global simulation of active element performance At least three work meetings will be called during the course of this WP: - WM 6.1 (month 19, active element topology design finalised): Active Element Interim Report drafted, sub-WPs defined and assigned), - WM 6.2 (month 30): WP-internal meeting - WM 6.3 (month 42): Drafting of Active Element Design Document The draft Design Document will be made available for public comment before or by month 43.

Deliverables D6.1 Active Element Interim Report, due 15 December 2008 D6.2 EISCAT_3D Radar Active Element Subsystem Design Document, due 1 April 2009

Milestones and expected result Month 43 : Active element topology design finished; number and scope of sub-packages defined and staff assigned Month 43: WP6 meeting Month 46: EISCAT_3D Radar Active Element Subsystem Design Document available in draft form for public comment

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Work Package 7: Distributed Control and Monitoring Work package number WP7 Start date or starting event: Month 6 Activity Type Activity specific for the Support Action Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total


Objectives Both the global control and monitoring of the whole facility and the low-level control and monitoring of the thousands of distributed antenna elements within the individual arrays place large demands on the support systems and software. This work package includes an evaluation of existing concepts and strategies for managing real-time, geographically widespread systems and the design and validation of a flexible, expandable and (insofar as possible) future-proof control and monitoring system.

Description of work Information and literature research will be conducted to establish the current state of the art in real-time control systems architecture and software. Specific control/monitoring performance requirements resulting from the design choices made in WP3, WP4 and WP9 (e.g. latency, response times, throughput) will be identified at handover meetings and project meetings. The most promising already existing control system software packages identified in the initial part of the work package (commercial as well as public-domain) will be evaluated against the project-specific requirements. Budgetary costing estimates for commercial packages will be considered and licensing and IPR-related aspects of public-domain packages will be clarified. User-friendliness, robustness, fault recovery, maintenance, vendor support and cost-of-ownership aspects of the different alternatives will be assessed. If no existing control system is found that meets the specific requirements of the EISCAT_3D project, the next-best alternatives will be revisited with particular attention to ease of modification, expandability, and cost. Facts, results, costings and conclusions and recommendations will be presented at a “Control and Monitoring” project meeting. For the purpose of validating the chosen design strategy, a license for the chosen package will be acquired and a set of control and monitoring software primitives, sufficient to handle the basic functionality of the WP4 demonstrator, will be coded and mated with the demonstrator. A final Control and Monitoring Subsystem Report will be produced.

Deliverables D 7.1 Basic set of control and monitoring software primitives for the WP4 demonstrator, due 5 November 2007 D 7.2 EISCAT_3D Radar Control and Monitoring Subsystem Report, due 5 May 2008

Milestones and expected result Month 6: Handover meeting with WP12; important array-internal network hardware parameters frozen Month 6: Project meeting jointly with WP4 and WP9; receiving-array control, monitoring and communication requirements defined Month 16: Handover meeting jointly with WP3, WP6 and WP9; active element control, monitoring and communications requirements defined Month 30: Software primitives for demonstrator ready (D7.1) Month 36: Control and Monitoring Subsystem Report issued (D7.2)

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Work Package 8: Data archive and distribution Work package number WP8 Start date or starting event: Month 12 Activity Type Activity specific for the Support Action Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total

Person-months per participant: 0.33 4.80 36.61 41.74

Objectives Objectives: This work package covers several areas related to the efficient collection and distribution of large volumes of data across the geographically extended radar installations and between the instruments themselves and the user and consumer communities. The work package includes the design of the Data Distribution System and the Secure Data Archive, as well as the design of Data Visualisation and Data Assimilation tools to allow users and consumers to access and utilise the output of the new facility efficiently and effectively.

Description of work 1. An initial high-level design study into possible system structure, functionality and hardware solutions available for

various levels of resource will be undertaken. Results will be presented in a report to be made available for public consultation before or by the EISCAT International Workshop 2005.

2. Based on the input received, the initial design will be iterated on to produce a high-level baseline specification of the overall system and the system specification document will be updated to reflect the required changes.

3. An initial low-level design relating to computing hardware, data storage, and network solutions for a secure archive will be undertaken, including evaluation of the relative merits of on-line and near on-line storage.

4. Two parallel, initial low-level design studies into structure, functionality, and interfaces of viz. the raw data archive and the analysed data archive will be undertaken, incorporating database functionality and metadata handling

5. Draft design documents for the above low-level studies will be produced for discussion by EISCAT staff, the user community, and other consortium partners. Based on consultation and inputs received, the low-level design studies will be refined and completed and a final design study documents for these components produced.

6. A low-level design study will be undertaken for the “access layer” software, which would form the link between the database and the applications software, and allow inter-operability between different data sets.

7. Low-level design studies for new visualisation systems for both raw and analysed data will be carried out. 8. A low-level design study for software to combine multi-instrument data into “value-added” data products, to allow

assimilation of data into models and visualisation of multi-instrument data sets will be performed.

Deliverables D8.1 High-level system structure document, specifying possible system configurations available for various levels of resource, due 3 February 2006 D8.2 Low-level design document: Networking and data storage requirements and favoured hardware solutions, due 26 January 2007 D8.3 Complete low-level specification of data storage system, including system design, proposed technical solutions, identification of appropriate hardware and technology with specific manufacturer details and pricings, due 30 April 2008 D8.4 Study of extensions to data system required to handle supporting instruments clustered around the EISCAT-3D radar. Specification of how such data could be combined with the radar data to produce value-added products, and use cases to illustrate the value of the combined data, due 30 September 2008 D8.5 Specification of the access layer, with descriptions of data products being transferred into and out of the data system, the user functionality required to handle these, and the necessary interfaces with the sub-systems being designed in other work packages, due 2 February 2009 D8.6 EISCAT_3D Competed design studies for raw and analysed data visualization, due 31 March 2009 The final three months will be used for integrating these deliverables into the final design document

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Work Package 8, continued… Milestones and expected result Month 4: Initial design document (completion of task 1) Month 10: Revision of initial document (completion of task 2) Month 16: Initial designs of raw and analysed data archives and hardware system (completion of tasks 3 and 4) Month 36: Design documents for raw and analysed data archives and hardware system finalized (completion of task 5) Month 41: Completed design for multi-data assimilation software (completion of task 8). Month 45: Access layer software design finalized (completion task 6) Month 47: Completed designs for raw and analysed data visualisation systems (completion of task 7)

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Work Package 9: Signal Processing Work package number WP9 Start date or starting event: Month 6 Activity Type Activity specific for the Support Action Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total

Person-months per participant: 13.91 5.60 9.77 1.05 11.00 41.33

Objectives The effective operation of the distributed components of the receiver, the post-set forming of multiple antenna beams with arbitrary polarisations, the automatic beam pointing checking and correction, the adaptive interference excision and the effective decoding of the transmitted radar modulations place heavy demands the hardware and software signal processing components. This Work Package includes a critical assessment of different signal processing strategies and topologies and the design and validation of a comprehensive, expandable set of hard- and software processing primitives.

Description of work The structuring of the work and the number and scope of sub-packages will be largely governed by technology selections made in WP4 and WP12 and so cannot be completely specified initially; the organisation of this Work Package therefore needs to be revisited at the Month 6 Project meeting and frozen by Month 10. A sub-package will address the development of robust methods for real-time polarisation estimation and adaptive polarisation control at the receive-only sites. Both statistical subspace tracking and a Bayesian approach will be employed.

Deliverables D 9.1 Basic set of processing primitives required for the operation of the WP4 demonstrator, due 3 November 2008 D 9.2 EISCAT_3D Radar Signal Processing Subsystem Report, due 2 March 2009 Sub-package: D9:3 Report presenting algorithms and evaluations (using simulated data) for subspace tracking and Bayesian estimation of polarisation orientation in low-SNR applications D9:4 Manuscript on Estimation of 2x2 Complex Covariance Matrices in low-SNR Situations submitted to IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing D9:5 Report extending the above-derived techniques to adaptive applications

Milestones and expected result Month 6: Project meeting jointly with WP4 and WP7; different design alternatives for the receiver hardware evaluated in terms of receiving-array internal data communications protocols, formats, data rates etc. Month 9: Project meeting jointly with WP4 and WP7; receiver design concept defined, work divided up into sub-packages. Month 42: Processing primitives validated in simulator mode and delivered to WP4 for in-system test phase (D9.1) Month 46: Radar Signal Processing Subsystem Report completed (D9.2) Sub-package: Month 47: Evaluation of the subspace tracking and Bayesian polarisation estimation techniques, using real data from the Demonstrator and electron density records from the EISCAT_3D deployment area.

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Work Package 10: New techniques Work package number WP10 Start date or starting event: Month 1 Activity Type Activity specific for the Support Action Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total


Objectives The unique capabilities of the proposed new incoherent scatter radar will make it possible to undertake continuous observations of different physical parameters in the polar upper atmosphere. Long and continuous time series of such parameters are of vital importance for understanding the climatic conditions in the upper parts of the atmosphere. This Work Package will exploit the use of such data for climatic studies. The application of such long time series for continuous correction for ionospheric disturbances in remote sensing polar orbiting satellite data and especially in Galileo, as well as GPS data, will be addressed. The application of such data in space weather studies and for the correction of SAR remote sensing data will also be investigated.

Description of work 1. Investigation of the feasibility of using long time series of incoherent scatter radar data for climatic studies, using

the existing EISCAT data base and other data sources. 2. Investigation of the feasibility and utility of using long incoherent scatter radar data time series for improving the

ionospheric corrections models used by the Galileo and GPS systems and remote sensing polar orbiting satellites. Applications in space weather studies and for the correction of SAR imagery will also be investigated.

3. Assess what and how EISCAT_3D can contribute to studies on Global Change by exploiting its capabilities to measure ionospheric parameters that are expected to change and to make a pilot investigation employing the existing EISCAT database expanding the available long time series results of WP10 to the subject of Global Change, in particular the feasibility of such studies with regard to the sampling frequency.

Deliverables D10.1 First Progress Report, due 5 May 2006 D10.2 Second Progress Report, due 7 May 2007 D10.3 Third Progress Report, due 5 May 2008 D10.4 EISCAT_3D Radar Climatic Studies Feasibility Study report, due 5 March 2009 D10.5 Feasibility Study report: Use of Long Time Series ISR Data for Improving Ionospheric Correction Models, due 5 March 2009 D10.6 Feasibility Study report: Global Change studies implications for EISCAT_3D, due 1 September 2008

Milestones and expected result Month 12: Project meeting; progress report (D10.1) Month 24: Project meeting; progress report (D10.2) Month 36: Project meeting; progress report (D10.3) Month 40: Report on Global Change studies issued (D10.6) Month 46: Project meeting; deliverables issued (D10.4 + D10.5)

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Work Package 11: Implementation Blueprint Work package number WP11 Start date or starting event: Month 24 Activity Type Activity specific for the Support Action Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total


Objectives The goal of the Design Study is to produce a complete specification and set of appropriately tested and costed design blueprints suitable to support a detailed procurement exercise as the initial task of a successor project which should construct and commission the new radar. This Work package will start towards the end of the overall study and co-ordinate the preparation of the final deliverable design documents across the other Work Package areas.

Description of work Assimilation of results, review, and construction of complete system specification Preparation of detailed blueprints Identification of suppliers Implementation time line Definition of future research and development projects Final deliverable preparation

Deliverables D11.1 EISCAT_3D Radar Final Design Study document, due 15 April 2009

Milestones and expected result Month 48: Final Design Study document (D11.1)

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Work Package 12: Networking and reference time and frequency Work package number WP12 Start date or starting event: Month 2 Activity Type Activity specific for the Support Action Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total


Objectives At each antenna array, high quality timing and frequency reference signals must be generated and distributed to all elements to achieve the stringent synchronisation (to better than 50 ps) required for the overall system to function as intended. Also, command data must be passed to each array element and the data streams from the receiving elements must be collected, concentrated, and routed onto a high-capacity backbone network. This work package covers the design of the time and frequency reference systems and the array-internal fibre-optic network topology and communication protocols.

Description of work Information and literature research will be conducted to establish the current state of the art in precision time and frequency keeping and distribution. Contacts to operators of large radio astronomy arrays (e.g. Owens Valley, Merlin, Westerbork, and LOFAR) will be established and study visits will be made to some of these. Specific timing, frequency, and synchronisation requirements resulting from design choices made in WP3 and WP4 will be identified. Existing techniques for multiplexing time and frequency reference signals onto data communications networks will be investigated and resulting network performance requirements identified. A time and frequency reference system and an array-internal network architecture meeting the performance requirements laid down in the Radar Performance Specification Document and WP3 / WP4 design documents will be designed. For the purpose of validating the chosen design, a minimum time/frequency system, sufficient to handle the basic functionality of the WP4 demonstrator, will be assembled from leased and/or borrowed equipment and mated with the demonstrator. A final Time, Frequency, and Synchronisation Subsystem Report will be produced.

Deliverables D12.1 EISCAT_3D Radar Time, Frequency and Synchronisation Subsystem Report, due 1 May 2008 D12.2 EISCAT_3D Radar Array Networking / Communication Report, due 15 September 2008

Milestones and expected result Month 6: Specific requirements of WP3/WP4 and internal network performance specifications dictated by time/frequency keeping defined; handover meetings with WP3/4 Month 12: Specific requirements of WP5 defined; handover meeting with WP5 Month 42: Minimum time/frequency system assembled Month 45: Minimum time/frequency system validated in Demonstrator run.

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Work Package 13: Enabling Procedures Work package number WP13 Start date or starting event: Month 36 Activity Type Activity specific for the Support Action Participant id EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/

STFC IRF Total


Objectives This Work Package addresses issues related to the preparations for the next phase of the EISCAT_3D project in so far as they are relevant to the Design Study. As the Design Study progressed during the first intervals it became clear that some planning and preparation related to actual potential build sites would be required to illuminate the design study itself, particularly in the latter stages, as well as further preparatory work supporting the construction of the final reports. Sub-Package: Frequency allocation The planned radar is an active remote-sensing device whose operation depends critically on access to adequate radio frequency spectrum at or about 225 MHz. This Work Package therefore includes an element addressing the spectrum-engineering and regulatory aspects involved, with a view towards obtaining long-term protected spectrum allocations at all potential radar sites.

Description of work This Work Package covers work required to prepare the procurement of possible build sites in so far that this is needed in the current design study. The Work Package includes investigation and preliminary arrangements to secure land and necessary permits, permissions, and authorizations sufficient to build and operate the EISCAT_3D facilities without restriction for periods of at least 20 years. The Work Package includes provision for effort dedicated to the tasks of preparation and editing material for inclusion in the final design study report (covered by WP1) in terms applicable at realistic potential build sites across northern Scandinavia. The Work Package includes effort to cover initial approaches to potential funding sources abased on the evolving EISCAT_3D design plan. The Work Package includes a sub-package (originally include in Work Package 1) dedicated to frequency management issues since the availability of adequate frequency space usable across the entire proposed EISCAT_3D system is of such importance, and requires the cooperation of several national frequency management authorities. Sub-Package: Frequency allocation The frequency management authorities in Sweden, Norway, and Finland will be notified of the EISCAT_3D project and information meetings arranged. European-level frequency management bodies (ERO, CEPT), international bodies (URSI, IUCAF) will be informed and advice sought from the ESF Committee for protection of Radio Astronomy Frequencies (CRAF). Applicable parts of the Radar Performance Specification Document Translation translated into RF spectrum requirements. Discussions with the Nordic frequency management authorities will be opened. If at all possible before the end of the Project, these discussions will be extended into a formal negotiation phase, ending by frequency allocations being made and agreements between EISCAT and the authorities drafted and signed.

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Work Package 13, continued… Deliverables D13.1 Additional input materials related to the preparation of the Final Design Document for the Next Generation EISCAT Incoherent Scatter Radar (WP1), due 2 March 2009 D13.2 Review of potential or actual funding sources), due 2 March 2009 D13.3 Review of steps necessary to procure use of realistic potential EISCAT_3D sites in northern Scandinavia), due 2 March 2009 D13.4 Review of other issues affecting the possibility to move to the next stage of the project (e.g.: Preparation for build, Build, and Operations & Maintenance) ), due 2 March 2009 Sub-Package D13.5 Agreements between EISCAT and the regulatory bodies in Sweden, Norway and Finland for protected frequency allocations in all three countries, valid from 2009 until at least 2020 with options for extension, due 30 April 2009

Milestones and expected result Month 43: Outline form D13.1-4 available Month 46: D13.1-4 Sub-Package Month 38: Negotiations completed; draft agreements and frequency allocations available Month 48: Agreements opened for signing; firm frequency allocations made.

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5. Project management and exploitation/dissemination plans

5.1 Organisational structure and overall project management The project consists of four principal partners, from whom the EISCAT Scientific Association will also play the role of overall coordination and management.

The relationships between the partners will be formalised in a Consortium Agreement (copy to be added as an Annex).

Prof. Anthony P. van Eyken (EISCAT) will take overall responsibility for the management of the project. Dr. Gudmund Wannberg (EISCAT, from March 2008 IRF) will act as the Technical Project Co-ordinator and Mr. Henrik Andersson (EISCAT) will oversee the financial management and overall budgetary control including the provision of audit certificates from all the Partners as required. EISCAT will use standard project management tools for this purpose.

The designated responsible persons will take overall responsibility for the involvement of each of the other partners. Detailed management of individual Work Packages will be delegated to appropriate Work Package Leaders. In the case of larger work packages, separate Task Managers will be responsible for ensuring the efficient and timely progress of individual tasks. Monitoring of the progress of both the overall project and the individual Work Packages will be assisted by timely milestones which will, wherever possible, be attached to the delivery of specific intermediate and final design documents.

The overall management will maintain an overview at all times, particularly to ensure that all necessary elements are available on time and to monitor compliance with agreed interfaces between the Work Packages. A formal system of change-control will be implemented at EISCAT Headquarters and all documents will be securely archived in electronic format as the project proceeds.

The partners will establish a senior management Project Review Panel, consisting of one member from each participating organisation, together with no more than two external members selected to provide complementary skills and experience to the panel. The Panel will be chaired by the Project Coordinator. The EISCAT Director and the Chairman of the EISCAT Council will be ex-officio members.

The Project Review Panel will act as the formal vehicle to keep all parties informed of the progress of the project, but regular progress reports and documentation, as well as all the milestone-related deliverables will be maintained through a dedicated area of EISCAT’s web server allowing all participants to maintain effective overviews of the state and interdependence of their own and other sub-projects. The Project Review Panel will also monitor the overall and sub-project management and the distribution of resources between the sub-projects and will recommend such changes as it deems necessary.

The Project Web Site will be the principal repository for all design study materials including documentation, work in progress, and intermediate and final deliverable. It will be updateable (password protected) by all members of the design team and support both internal (password protected) and external communication of the project. In particular it will contain, for internal use: project progress and financial information, contract information, intermediate project documentation, and, for external use: project information, vacancies, and final deliverables as well as details of appropriate workshops and conferences.

Since the various partners are geographically separated, the main means of day to day communication will be email and telephone, though other forms of teleconferencing will also

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be used if appropriate. Physical meetings will be arranged as necessary and will include a kick off meeting and bi-annual progress meetings of the Work Package leaders, handover meetings between individual work packages, at least one general review meeting in each year of the project, together with a final review meeting to finalise the project report and associated design deliverables. The project will produce written progress reports at the end of each year, together with a final report and associated design deliverables.

Funding received from the European Union under the 6th Framework initiative will be received by EISCAT Headquarters, and distributed to the partners as appropriate. Advanced payment will be immediately distributed to the sub-projects in proportional to the contractual amount. Thereafter the yearly payments from the Commission will be distributed to the sub-projects on fulfilment of the designated milestones and provision of contractual deliverables. These principles will be clearly communicated to the partners at project commencement and in the consortium agreement (CA). All Partners have formal policies addressing both legal and ethical obligations which will also apply to the current project.

5.2 Potential impact and risks assessment Throughout the Design Study, the overall management and the Project Review Panel will consider the impact of the design work on the expected later realisation of the new radar system. An important part of the development is to ensure that the final design is practical, affordable, and that it can be manufactured and installed effectively. The partners will establish contacts with potential manufacturers and vendors and solicit their input to ensure that the final design is realisable. A specific task has been included in the overall management Work Package to address the requirement for the continued availability, and if possible, further protection of the required radiofrequency spectrum allocations for the operation of the new facility. Investigation of potential sites for the construction of the elements of the new facility is also included in the formal Work Packages and this will include, where appropriate, site surveys and collection of data using the small test array.

A number of potential technologies and mechanisms are available which can form the basis of the designs for the various components of the new system. The overall management and the Project Review Panel monitor the development of the design process to ensure that no individual component of the whole design is compromised if the initial choices of technology or methodology should prove impractical.

5.3 Plan for Use and Dissemination of Knowledge The design and construction plan will together be invaluable to the EISCAT Scientific Association, and will provide a firm foundation for its continued evolution, but major elements of the work will also be invaluable to other related radars around the World. Individual development sub-projects in high power transmitter design, receiver design, signal processing and control systems will also be of considerable value in themselves, not only for academic and teaching purposes in community universities and technical training establishments, but also commercially to potential vendors whose inputs and contributions will be solicited.

The work will also contribute to the goals of the White paper on Space, recently adopted by the European Parliament, which aims to enhance European leadership in space sciences and its ability to develop capabilities in support of EU policies, through broader co-operation and coordination among Member States, the European Space Agency (ESA) and international partners.

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The developments and results arising from the Design Study will be disseminated promptly by various means including:

• Normal academic channels: the Partners will strongly encourage publications in the open literature, including scientific and technical journals as appropriate, conference presentations, project workshops, and meetings.

• Web site home page: project results will be published on the project’s web site and documents will be provided in readily downloadable formats. The web site will also provide a project brochure and annual project news-letters aimed at the scientific and public community, in downloadable form suitable for high quality printing. The news-letters will also be available by email subscription.

• At the completion of Design Study, the final design documents, including test results from the receiver test system, will be compiled into a single blueprint describing the European Next Generation Incoherent Scatter Radar. This document will also form the basis for the procurement of construction funds and the negotiation of supply contracts with appropriate vendors.

Where elements of the design should be patentable, the partners would seek to share the benefits equitably according to the rules of their various institutions and would licence such techniques to other users in the interests of furthering both radar techniques and their application to ionospheric and atmospheric research.

Intellectual Property Rights in the products of the design study will be governed by applicable law in the countries of participating institutions. Subject to the provisions of such local laws, the Consortium Agreement will provide that:

• Rights to ownership of background information brought to the project by project partners remain with the partner.

• Ownership of all intellectual property (including copyright, software, and know-how) resides with the originating party.

• Ownership of intellectual property for all jointly produced results will be shared between those involved in its development.

Exploitation of results emerging from the project by external bodies will be subject to the establishment of suitable license agreements directly with the originating partners. In the case where implementation is not undertaken within a reasonable period by the licence, the licence will revert to the originating partners.


6. Project resources and budget overview

6.1 Specific Support Action Effort Form - Full duration of project Project number (acronym): 011090 EISCAT_3D

Participant 1 short name





TOTAL ACTIVITIES

Activities specific for the Support Action

EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/STFC IRF

WP2: Evaluation of design performance goals

9.30 0.50 0.50 0.50 10.80

WP3: Evaluation of options for the active elements

3.30 7.50 10.80

WP4: Phased array receivers 27.06 102.11 129.17 WP5: Interferometric receivers 0.04 35.04 35.08 WP6: Active element 17.50 17.50 WP7: Distributed control / monitoring 5.55 5.55 WP8: Data Archiving / Distribution 0.33 4.80 36.61 41.74 WP9: Signal processing 13.91 5.60 9.77 1.05 11.00 41.33 WP10: New uses 31.50 31.50 WP11: Implementation Blueprint 8.30 0.85 9.15 WP12: Time / frequency 12.37 12.37 WP13: Enabling Procedures 5.00 0.80 5.80 Total 'specific activities' 85.17 77.44 112.38 39.01 36.80 350.79 Consortium management activities EISCAT UiT LTU RAL/STFC IRF WP1: Project Management 16.86 16.86 Total consort. management 16.86 16.86 TOTAL per PARTICIPANT 102.03 77.44 112.38 39.01 36.80 367.65 Overall TOTAL EFFORT 367.65

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6.2 Description of other resources needed UiT ongoing activities in the Department of Physics related to the Design Study are estimated to be of the order of 30 man-months. This will be the contribution from the permanent staff at the Department of Physics, including research scientists and engineers.

Additional Contract Work Several Work Packages require small amounts of contract work where it is unclear that there will be suitable expertise available within the consortium, and provision for such is included in the budget estimates.

The envisaged sub-contracts and consultancy arrangements will all be handled by EISCAT and cover the following topics:

WP1: Project Management. It is assumed that the provision of the necessary audit certificates will be contracted to professional auditors (in accordance with normal practice within the EISCAT Scientific Association)

WP11: Implementation Blueprint Construction of the envisaged phased array design would require the manufacture of a large number of identical antenna, receiver, and possibly transmitter elements. The refinement of the design elements developed by the consortium into units suitable for volume manufacture is a specialist task (normally undertaken together with a proposed volume fabricator) and a provision is included here to purchase such assistance.

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6.3 Overall budget for the project (Forms A3.1 & A3.2 from CPFs)

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