ann thomas , international development research centre (idrc)
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Health Impacts of Wastewater Reuse: Assessing the Feasibility of the WHO Guidelines in Low-Income Communities. Ann Thomas , International Development Research Centre (IDRC). IRC MUS Meeting, Delft, February 12th, 2007. Overview. What is IDRC? ‘ Livelihoods,health and wastewater reuse’ - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Health Impacts of Wastewater Health Impacts of Wastewater Reuse: Assessing the Reuse: Assessing the Feasibility of the WHO Feasibility of the WHO
Guidelines in Low-Income Guidelines in Low-Income CommunitiesCommunities
Ann Thomas, International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
IRC MUS Meeting, Delft, February 12th, 2007
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Overview
What is IDRC?
‘Livelihoods,health and wastewater reuse’
Overview of other IDRC projects in environmental sanitation, productivity, livelihoods.
Partnering with IDRC
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What is IDRC ?
A crown corporation created by the Parliament of Canada in 1970
Board appointed by Government of Canada
Mission: “Empowerment Through Knowledge”
Supporting researchers in developing countries in finding practical, long-term solutions to social, economic, and environmental problems
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The Program Areas Environment and Natural Resource
Management – ECOHEALTH, Rural Poverty and Environment, Urban Poverty and Environment
Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D)
Innovation, Policy and Science
Social and Economic Policy
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Urban Programming at IDRC– Previous themes under ‘Cities Feeding People’ – urban
agriculture, wastewater reuse
– Present themes under UPE: Urban agriculture, water and sanitation, vulnerability to disasters, solid waste management, land tenure
– Global Focus City Program: 8 cities globally, capacity building, decentralization, environmental sanitation prioritized, partnerships between governments, ngos, research institutes, communities
- Other Programming: Combination of analysis/diagnostic, piloting/testing and policy/best-practice influence.
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Urban Agriculture, Wastewater Reuse and Livelihoods
• Prioritisation of greywater reuse research (1998) at an IDRC workshop;
• Greywater/wastewater projects in Palestine, Jordan , Lebanon and Dakar;
• Wastewater reuse a key issue in urban agriculture … a strong perceived need for better planning, innovation and integration….
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Health vs. social benefits
Health risks Social benefits•Farmers: intestinal parasites (I.e. worms, amoeba,etc)
•Consumers: bacterial and viral infections from consumption of raw vegetables (I.e. cholera)
•Heavy metal accumulation in soils
•Risks vary with gender, class, ethnicity
•Water treatment alone may not be sufficient
• Income generation(produce, ww vending)
•Livelihood/food security support at the hh level
•Employment creation
• Dependence of urban centres on locally grown produce in the absence of refrigerated transport (60% of Dakar’s produce made with ww in or close to the city)
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•Appropriate/realistic guidelines needed to adapt and apply international (WHO) guidelines for wastewater treatment and reuse for the benefit of poor stakeholders.
•Non-treatment options may play a significant role in reducing disease risk in such circumstances.
Hyderabad Declarations (2002)
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WHO/IDRC/FAO Guiding Principles
• WW is a resource and economic catalyst;
• Multi-stakeholder approaches and dialogue may help guide effective municipal planning and knowledge of UA and wastewater reuse;
• A balance of various approaches and interventions needed;
•Increased research capacity is key to effective risk reduction.
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Four Cases in MEWA
•Selected via competitive call of shortlisted institutions in MEWA;
•Kumasi, Tamale, Jordan, Dakar selected;
•Complementarity: Analysis of risk chains and various stakeholder approaches: farmers, farm workers, neighbours, consumers, vendors;
•Focus on non-treatment but also includes basic/low-cost treatment where feasible.
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Research Questions
• Locally feasible exposure control strategies?
•Best methods for increasing awareness of health hazards for farmers, workers, consumers?
• Cost-effectiveness?
• Enabling environment for reduced risk?
• Capacity building needs for all stakeholders in order to successfully reduce exposure?
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Challenges
-Balancing health and economic gains.
-How to improve (through incentives?) adoption of best practise by various stakeholders?
- Increasing awareness amongst decision-makers of the importance of wastewater reuse to productivity and food security.
- Leveraging the link between productivity and environmental sanitation to incentivize improved, integrated services.
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•Jakarta: Examining economic incentives for improved water, sanitation, and solid waste services: linking enhanced services to productivity and livelihoods;
• Dakar: Strengthening/formalizing scavenger organizations;
• Gianyar,Bali: Linking the benefits of carbon emissions reductions at landfill to poor (neighbouring) communities;
Other project examples: environmental sanitation and
livelihoods
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Partnering with IDRC Development research grant-
making is the core of our activities;
• Upcoming calls on Productive Strategies, Compensation for Environmental Services, Migration and Remittances;
• Rural-urban linkages: Globally;
• Climate change in Africa.
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Contact us
Ann ThomasInternational Development Research
Centre (IDRC)
250 Albert Street, Ottawa Ontario
email: [email protected]
Web: http://www.idrc.ca/