ankan
DESCRIPTION
hóaTRANSCRIPT
ANKAN (CnH2n + 2)
ANKAN (CnH2n + 2)A. L THUYT C BN1. ng ng.
CH4 , C2H6 , C3H8 , .. CnH2n + 2 (n )
2. ng phn. C4H10 (2 cht) ; C5H12 (3 cht) ; C6H12 (5 cht).
Hng dn cch vit ng phn ca ankan (C5H12)
C C C C C
C
C C C C
C C C
C
C3. Danh php
Tn thay th ankan = S ch v tr nhnh tn nhnh + tn ankan mch chnh
V d:
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5
H3C CH CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3
CH3
CH3 C2H5
2 metylbutan
3-etyl-2-metylpentan
4. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng th halogen
CnH2n + 2 + Cl2 CnH2n + 1Cl + HCl
C2H6 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl
b. Phn ng tchb1. Tch hiro ( anken, ankaien
CnH2n + 2 CnH2n + H2
CnH2n + 2 CnH2n-2 + 2H2b2. Tch mch cabon ( ankan c mch ngn hn + anken
CnH2n + 2 CxH2x + 2 + CyH2y ( n = x + y)
C2H6 + C2H4C4H10
CH4 + C3H6c. Phn ng oxi ha.
CnH2n + 2 + () O2 nCO2 + (n+1) H2O
Ch : khi t chy ankan lun c: ;
B. CU HI V BI TPCu 1: c tn cc cht sau:
a/ CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3
C2H5 CH3b/ CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 C2H5 CH3 CH3 c/ CH3 CH2 C CH CH3 ..
CH3 CH3 d/ CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH3 . Cl CH3 CH3Cu 2: Vit CTCT cc cht sau:
a/ 1-clo-2,3-imetylhexan.
b/ 3-etyl-2,4,6-trimetyloctan.
c/ 4-etyl-2,2,4-trimetylhexan.
d/ 3,5-ietyl-2,2,3-trimetyloctan
e/ 1-clo-3-etyl-2,4-imetylhexan.
f/ 2brom-1clo-3,6-ietyl-2,4,7-trimetyloctanCu 3: Vit cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra khi cho butan phn ng vi :
a/ clo theo t l 1 : 1
b/ Tch 1 phn t H2
c/ Crcking
d/ t chy
Cu 4: t chy hon ton 29 gam mt ankan thu c 88 gam CO2.
a/ Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT cc ng phn, gi tn.
b/ Tnh th tch khng kh (kc) cn t chy ht 5,8 gam ankan ny.
Cu 5: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam mt ankan thu c 10,8 gam H2O
a/ Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT cc ng phn, gi tn.
b/ Xc nh CTCT ng ca ankan ny, bit khi cho tc dng vi clo theo t l 1 : 1 ch thu c mt sn phm.
Cu 6: Mt hn hp gm 2 ankan lin tip trong dy ng ng. T khi ca hn hp so vi khng kh bng 2,3.
a/ Xc nh CTPT ca 2 ankan.
b/ Tnh % theo th tch ca hn hp.
Cu 7. Trong phn t ankan X, phn trm khi lng cacbon gp 4 ln phn trm khi lng hiro. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H6. B. C3H8. C. C4H10. D. C5H12.
Cu 8. t chy mt cht hp cht ch sinh ra CO2 v H2O vi s mol H2O ln hn s mol CO2 th cng thc phn t ca hp cht c dng:
A. CxHyOZ
B. CnH2n + 2 - 2k Oz C. CnH2n + 2 n ( 1
D. CnH2n+2-2k
Cu 9.Cu no sau y sai ?
A. Hirocacbon no l hirocacbon m trong phn t ch c lin kt n C- C.
B. Hirocacbon no l hp cht cha cacbon m trong phn t ch c lin kt n
C. Hirocacbon no l loi hirocacbon ch c lin kt trong phn t .
D. Ankan l hirocacbon no.
Cu 10.Cu no sau y sai ?
A. CH4 c 4 lin kt
B. C3H8 c 8 lin kt
C. C2H6 c 8 lin kt
D. C4H10 c 12 lin kt
Cu 11. Hirocacbon X c cng thc cu to sau:
Tn ca X l
A. 3,4 -imetylpentan.
B. 2,3-imetylpentan.
C. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan.
D. 2,2,3-trimetylbutan.
Cu 12. Ankan c CTPT C5H12 c bao nhiu ng phn?
A.1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 13. Cho ankan c CTCT l: CH3 CH CH2 CH CH3
CH3 CH2 CH3Tn gi ca A theo IUPAC l:A. 2 etyl 4 metylpentan.
C. 3,5 dimetylhexanB. 4 etyl 2 metylpentan.
D. 2,4 dimetylhexan.
Cu 14. Cho ankan A c tn gi: 3 etyl 2,4 dimetylhexan. CTPT ca A l:
A. C11H24
B. C9H20
C. C8H18
D. C10H20Cu 15. Khi butan tc dng vi brom theo t l mol 1 : 1 thu c sn phm chnh l
A. CH3CH2CH2CH2Br.
B. CH3CH2CH2CHBr2.
C. CH3CH2CHBrCH3.
D. CH3CH2CBr2CH3.
Cu 16. Ankan X c cng thc phn t C5H12, khi tc dng vi clo to c 4 dn xut monoclo. Tn ca X l
A. pentan. B. isopentan. C. neopentan. D. 2,2-imetylpropan.
Cu 17. Brom ho ankan X ch to c mt dn xut monobrom Y duy nht. Y c t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 5,207. Ankan X c tn l
A. n- pentan B. isobutan C. isopentan D. neopentan. .
Cu 18. Clo ha mt ankan c mt monoclo trong clo chim 55% v khi lng. Ankan c cng thc phn t l
A. CH4
B. C3H8
C. C2H6
D. C4H10
Cu 19. Mt ankan to c dn xut monoclo trong clo chim 33,33% v khi lng. CTPT ca ankan l:
A. C4H10
B. C3H8
C. C5H12
D. C2H6Cu 20. Mt ankan to c dn xut monobrom trong brom chim 73,39% v khi lng. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan.
A. C4H10
B. CH4
C. C3H8
D. C2H6
Cu 21. T l th tch ca hidrocacbon thuc dy ng ng metan v th tch oxi cn t chy hon ton hidrocacbon l 1: 6,5. Hidrocacbon l :
A. Butan B. Pentan C. Etan
D. Propan
Cu 22. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca ankan c t khi hi i vi khng kh bng 2. Ankan ny c bao nhiu ng phn ?
A. C2H6 c mt ng phn
C. C3H8 c 2 ng phn
B. C4H10 c 2 ng phn
D. C4H10 c 3 ng phn
Cu 23. Hp cht 2,3-imetylbutan khi phn ng vi Br2 theo t l mol 1:1 (c nh sng) s thu c s sn phm l :
A. 1
B. 5
C. 2 D. 4
Cu 24.: t chy hon ton m g hn hp gm CH4, C2H6 v C4H10 thu c 3,3g CO2 v 4,5 g H2O. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 1g
B. 1,4 g
C. 2 g
D. 1,8 gCu 25. t chy hon ton mt hn hp gm 2 hidrocacbon lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c 13,2 g CO2 v 6,3 g H2O. Hai hidrocacbon thuc dy ng ng no?A. Ankan
B. anken
C. ankin
D. aren.
Cu 26. t chay hoan toan hn hp X gm hai ankan k tip trong day ng ng c 24,2 gam CO2 va 12,6 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t 2 ankan la:
A. CH4 va C2H6.B. C2H6 va C3H8.C. C3H8 va C4H10.D. C4H10 va C5H12Cu 27. Khi t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ankan l ng ng k tip thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 9,0 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankan l:
A. CH4 v C2H6.B. C2H6 v C3H8.C. C3H8 v C4H10.D. C4H10 v C5H12.
Cu 28. Mt hn hp 2 ankan lin tip trong dy ng ng c t khi hi vi H2 l 24,8.
a/ Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankan l:
A. C2H6 v C3H8.B. C4H10 v C5H12.C. C3H8 v C4H10.D. Kt qu khc
b/ Thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca 2 ankan l:
A. 30% v 70%.B. 35% v 65%.C. 60% v 40%.D. 50% v 50%
Cu 29. t chy mt hn hp hirocacbon ta thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,7 gam H2O th th tch O2 tham gia phn ng chy (ktc) l:
A. 5,6 lt. B. 2,8 lt. C. 4,48 lt.
D. 3,92 lt.Cu 30. Khi t chy hon ton 7,84 lt hn hp kh gm CH4, C2H6, C3H8 (ktc) thu c 16,8 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v m gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 6,3.
B. 13,5.
C. 18,0.
D. 19,8.
Cu 31. Oxi ho hon ton 0,1mol hn hp X gm 2 ankan. Sn phm thu c cho i qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng ca bnh 1 tng 6,3g v bnh 2 c m(g) kt ta xut hin. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 68,95 g B. 59,1 g C. 49,25 g D. 59,25 gCu 32. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt hn hp gm C2H6 v C3H8 ( ktc) ri cho sn phm chy i qua bnh 1 ng dung dch H2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng dung dch nc vi trong c d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng m g, bnh 2 tng 2,2 g. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,5g
B. 4,5g
C. 5g
D. 4g
Cu 33. t chy hon ton 3,6 g mt ankan A thu c 11g CO2 v 5,4g nc. Khi clo ha A theo t l mol 1:1 to thnh dn xut monoclo duy nht . CTCT ca A l:
A. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
B. (CH3)2CHCH2CH3
C. (CH3)3CCH2CH3
D. (CH3)4C
Cu 34*. Mt hn hp X gm etan v propan. t chy mt lng hn hp X ta thu c CO2 v hi H2O theo t l th tch l 11:15. Thnh phn % theo th tch ca etan trong X l:
A. 45%
B. 18,52%
C. 25%
D. 20%
Cu 35. T khi ca hn hp kh C3H8 v C4H10 i vi hidro l 25,5. Thnh phn phn trm ca mi kh trong hn hp l
A. 50 v 50
B. 35 v 65
C. 25 v 75
D. 20 v 80
Cu 36. Khi t chy x mol ankan thu c 10,8g H2O v 11,2 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca x l :
A. 1
B. 0,1 C. 2 D. 0.5
Cu 37. T khi hi ca hn hp X gm metan v etan so vi khng kh l 0,6. t ht 1 mol X phi cn s mol oxi l
A. 3,7
B. 2,15 C. 6,3 D. 4,25
Cu 38. Mt hidro cacbon no mch h c %C = 83,33 c s ng phn l :
A. 2
B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Cu 39. t chy mt mol ankan A cn 6,5 mol oxi. S nguyn t hidro trong phn t A l :
A. 4
B. 6
C. 10
D. 14Cu 40. Tnh th tch ca CO2 thu c khi t chy 4,48 lt kh gm CO v CH4(cc kh o ktc) l
A. 4,48 lt B. 44,8 lt C. 22,4 lt D. 6,72 ltCu 41. Craking m gam n-butan thu c hh A gm H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C4H8 v mt phn butan cha b craking. t chy hon ton A thu c 9 gam H2O v 17,6 gam CO2. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,8.
B. 11,6.
C. 2,6.
D. 23,22
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