Animals - Chordates

ancestral chordate

Bony appendages

Amniote eggs

Backbone

Tunicates Reptiles

(with birds) Lancelets

Jaws

Four limbs

Cartilaginous fishes

Ray-finned fishes

Lobe-finned fishes Mammals Amphibians

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vertebrates Tetrapods Amniotes Chordates

Jawless fishes

Bony skeleton

Learning Outcomes

Describe defining characteristics of chordates.

Describe defining characteristics of each group.

Name/Recognize common examples of each group.

Explain the differences between humans and other primates.

Chordate Features

pharynx with gill slits

dorsal nerve cord notochord postanal tail

Lancelets and Tunicates

the notochord is a defining feature of chordates vertebrae came later

Vertebrates

ancestral chordate

Bony appendages

Amniote eggs

Backbone

Tunicates Reptiles

(with birds) Lancelets

Jaws

Four limbs

Cartilaginous fishes

Ray-finned fishes

Lobe-finned fishes Mammals Amphibians

1

2

3

4

5

6

vertebrates Tetrapods Amniotes Chordates

Jawless fishes

Bony skeleton

endoskeleton with vertebrae

Vertebrates

Agnatha

jawless fish

Development of a Hinged Jaw

Chondrichthyes

skeleton is made of cartilage

Osteichthyes

liver intestine

ovary nerve cord

stomach anus gills

brain

heart

swim bladder kidney

skeleton is made of bone

calcium phosphate deposited by osteocytes

Bones are complex tissues

Coelacanths and Lungfish

Tetrapods - moving from water to land

Amphibia

tetrapods but still tied to water

Amniotes

Birds

Reptiles

Mammals Turtles Lizards, snakes Crocodilians

amniotes are no longer tied to water to reproduce in reptiles - development of young in an egg with a shell that prevents water loss in mammals - development of young internally in an amniotic sac (or egg in monotremes)

Amniotes

Reptilia

turtles, snakes, lizards, and crocodilians

ectotherms

Reptilia

birds

endotherms

Mammalia

have fur or hair and produce milk from mammary glands

Primates

Tree shrewlike ancestor

Hominids Old World monkeys Lemurs Tarsiers

New World monkeys Gibbons Orangutans Gorillas Chimpanzees

Primates

Primates

power grip precision grip

Hominids