Animal Animal FarmFarm

By George OrwellBy George Orwell

Allegory - Satire - Fable

Source:www.d.umn.edu/~lunda009/images/Animal-Farm.Source:www.worldofteaching.com

George OrwellGeorge OrwellBritish Author & JournalistBritish Author & Journalist

1903-19501903-1950 Born in IndiaBorn in India

At that time India was a part of the British At that time India was a part of the British Empire, and Blair's father, Richard, held a Empire, and Blair's father, Richard, held a post as an agent in the Opium Department post as an agent in the Opium Department of the Indian Civil Service. of the Indian Civil Service.

The Blair family was not very wealthy - The Blair family was not very wealthy - Orwell later described them ironically as Orwell later described them ironically as "lower-upper-middle class". They owned "lower-upper-middle class". They owned no property, had no extensive no property, had no extensive investments; they were like many middle-investments; they were like many middle-class English families of the time, totally class English families of the time, totally dependent on the British Empire for their dependent on the British Empire for their livelihood and prospects (Ward). livelihood and prospects (Ward).

Noted as a novelist and critic, as well as Noted as a novelist and critic, as well as a political and cultural commentatora political and cultural commentator

One of the most widely admired English-One of the most widely admired English-language essayists of the 20th centurylanguage essayists of the 20th century

Best known for two novels critical of Best known for two novels critical of totalitarianism in general, and Stalinism totalitarianism in general, and Stalinism in particular:in particular:

Animal FarmAnimal Farm Nineteen Eighty-FourNineteen Eighty-FourSource: www.online-literature.com/orwell/Source: www.online-literature.com/orwell/

“Liberty is telling people what they do not want to hear” (Orwell).

19841984 The novel, published in The novel, published in

1949, takes place in 1949, takes place in 1984 and presents an 1984 and presents an imaginary future where imaginary future where a totalitarian state a totalitarian state controls every aspect controls every aspect of life, even people's of life, even people's thoughts. The state is thoughts. The state is called Oceania and is called Oceania and is ruled by a group known ruled by a group known as the Party; its leader as the Party; its leader and dictator is Big and dictator is Big Brother (Ward).Brother (Ward).

Source: http://www.online-literature.com/orwell/Source: http://www.online-literature.com/orwell/

Source:www.worldofteaching.com

George Orwell and His BeliefsGeorge Orwell and His Beliefs Orwell was a person who had a reputation for standing Orwell was a person who had a reputation for standing

apart and even making a virtue of his detachment.apart and even making a virtue of his detachment. This “outsider” position often led him to oppose the This “outsider” position often led him to oppose the

crowd.crowd. Orwell’s beliefs about politics were affected by his Orwell’s beliefs about politics were affected by his

experiences fighting in the Spanish Civil War.experiences fighting in the Spanish Civil War. He viewed socialists, communists, and fascists as He viewed socialists, communists, and fascists as

repressive and self-serving.repressive and self-serving. He was skeptical of governments and their willingness He was skeptical of governments and their willingness

to forsake ideas in favor of power (Ward).to forsake ideas in favor of power (Ward).

Interesting Fact: Interesting Fact: George Orwell’s real name was Eric Blair.George Orwell’s real name was Eric Blair.

Source: http://www.online-literature.com/orwell/Source: http://www.online-literature.com/orwell/Source:www.worldofteaching.com

Why Animals?Why Animals? In explaining how he came to write In explaining how he came to write Animal Animal

FarmFarm, Orwell says he once saw a little boy , Orwell says he once saw a little boy whipping a horse and later he wrote, whipping a horse and later he wrote, ““It struck me that if only such animals became It struck me that if only such animals became

aware of their strength we should have no power aware of their strength we should have no power over them, and that men exploit animals in much over them, and that men exploit animals in much the same way as the rich exploit the [worker].” the same way as the rich exploit the [worker].” Source:http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/Source:http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/

Source:www.worldofteaching.com/

George Orwell in George Orwell in IndiaIndia He was born in India He was born in India

and spent his early and spent his early years there since his years there since his father held a post father held a post there. there. He was a lonely boy who He was a lonely boy who

liked to make up stories liked to make up stories and talk with imaginary and talk with imaginary companions.companions.

As an adult, he worked As an adult, he worked for the Imperial Police for the Imperial Police in British occupied in British occupied India (Ward). India (Ward). Source:http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/Source:http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/

What is What is Animal FarmAnimal Farm?? A masterpiece of political A masterpiece of political

satire, satire, Animal FarmAnimal Farm is a tale of is a tale of the society animals form into a the society animals form into a totalitarian regime. It is totalitarian regime. It is generally viewed as Orwell's generally viewed as Orwell's critique of the communist critique of the communist system in the former Soviet system in the former Soviet Union (Ward).Union (Ward).

Interesting Fact: Orwell initially Interesting Fact: Orwell initially struggled to find a publisher for struggled to find a publisher for Animal FarmAnimal Farm.. Source:http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.teachwithmovies.org

Significance TodaySignificance Today But why – now that Soviet But why – now that Soviet

Communism has fallen and the Communism has fallen and the Cold War is over –does Cold War is over –does Animal Animal FarmFarm deserve our attention? deserve our attention?

The answer lies in the power of The answer lies in the power of allegory. Allegorical fables, allegory. Allegorical fables, because they require us to make because they require us to make comparisons and connections, can comparisons and connections, can be meaningful to any reader in be meaningful to any reader in any historical period (Ward). any historical period (Ward).

Source:http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/Source:http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/

Children’s Book? – No!Children’s Book? – No! After After Animal FarmAnimal Farm was published in 1945, George was published in 1945, George

Orwell discovered with horror that booksellers were Orwell discovered with horror that booksellers were placing his novel on children’s shelves. According to placing his novel on children’s shelves. According to his housekeeper, he began traveling from his housekeeper, he began traveling from bookstore to bookstore requesting that the book be bookstore to bookstore requesting that the book be shelved with adult works. This dual identity — as shelved with adult works. This dual identity — as children’s story and adult satire — has stayed with children’s story and adult satire — has stayed with Orwell’s novel for more than fifty years (Ward). Orwell’s novel for more than fifty years (Ward). Source:http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/ Source:http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/

The FableThe Fable The fable is one of the oldest The fable is one of the oldest

literary forms - much, much older literary forms - much, much older than the novel or the short story than the novel or the short story (Ward).(Ward). A fable is usually short, A fable is usually short, written in either verse or prose, written in either verse or prose, and conveys a clear moral or and conveys a clear moral or message. message. The earliest fables still The earliest fables still preserved date back to 6th preserved date back to 6th Century Greece B.C.E. The author Century Greece B.C.E. The author of these fables, Aesop, used of these fables, Aesop, used animal characters to stand for animal characters to stand for human "types." For example, a human "types." For example, a fox character might embody the fox character might embody the human characteristics of cunning human characteristics of cunning and cleverness. Though Aesop's and cleverness. Though Aesop's animal fables were ostensibly animal fables were ostensibly about animals, they were really about animals, they were really instructional tales about human instructional tales about human emotions and human behavior emotions and human behavior (Ward). (Ward).

Source: chicago.broadwayworld.com/article/Northwester… 

Animal FablesAnimal Fables The most popular animal The most popular animal

fables of the 20th Century are fables of the 20th Century are the the Just So StoriesJust So Stories (1902) (1902) written by Rudyard Kipling. written by Rudyard Kipling. Kipling's fables were adapted Kipling's fables were adapted by Disney in the movie by Disney in the movie The The Jungle Book.Jungle Book. Orwell admired Orwell admired Kipling and the Kipling and the Just So Just So StoriesStories would seem to have would seem to have influenced the form of influenced the form of Animal Animal FarmFarm. Orwell took the short . Orwell took the short animal fable and expanded it animal fable and expanded it to the length of a short novel to the length of a short novel in the form of an in the form of an allegory allegory (Ward).(Ward). Source:officialmdub.wordpress.com/.../

14/jungle-book/

Vocabulary Chapter OneVocabulary Chapter One AutocracyAutocracy-government in which one person -government in which one person

has uncontrolled or unlimited authority over has uncontrolled or unlimited authority over others; the government or power of an absolute others; the government or power of an absolute monarch. monarch.

Utopia-Utopia- an ideally perfect place, especially in an ideally perfect place, especially in its social, political, and moral aspects; a work its social, political, and moral aspects; a work of fiction describing a utopia.of fiction describing a utopia.

EnsconcedEnsconced-to settle securely or snuggly.-to settle securely or snuggly. CynicalCynical-pessimistic, having a disbelief in the -pessimistic, having a disbelief in the

sincerity of human motives. sincerity of human motives.

Vocabulary Chapter OneVocabulary Chapter One

PlaitedPlaited-a braid, especially of hair or straw-a braid, especially of hair or straw DissentientDissentient-one who differs in sentiment -one who differs in sentiment

or opinion, especially from the majority; or opinion, especially from the majority; one who disagreesone who disagrees

EnmityEnmity-hostility, hatred, ill will, -hostility, hatred, ill will, animosityanimosity

Literary Terms Chapter OneLiterary Terms Chapter One AllegoryAllegory-Most fables have two levels of meaning. On -Most fables have two levels of meaning. On

the surface, the fable is about animals. But on a the surface, the fable is about animals. But on a second level, the animals stand for types of people second level, the animals stand for types of people or ideas. The way the animals interact and the way or ideas. The way the animals interact and the way the plot unfolds says something about the nature of the plot unfolds says something about the nature of people or the value of ideas. people or the value of ideas. Any type of fiction that Any type of fiction that has multiple levels of meaning in this way is called has multiple levels of meaning in this way is called an an allegory (symbolic narrative)allegory (symbolic narrative). .

Source: www.metro.co.uk/.../281364-film-animal-farm-u Source: www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/ulbricht.htm 

Literary Terms Chapter One Literary Terms Chapter One (cont’d)(cont’d)

Allegory (cont’d) Allegory (cont’d) Yet there Yet there is no reason that allegory is no reason that allegory must be limited to two must be limited to two levels. It is possible to levels. It is possible to argue that argue that Animal FarmAnimal Farm also has a third and more also has a third and more general level of meaning. It general level of meaning. It could represent people with could represent people with character traits in a very character traits in a very general manner. For general manner. For example, Molly is a very example, Molly is a very vain, comfort-loving vain, comfort-loving character; she could character; she could represent all people with represent all people with those character traits. those character traits.

Source: www.northernstarart.com/photos/paintingsMolly...

Allegory (cont’d)Allegory (cont’d)

Animal FarmAnimal Farm is strongly is strongly allegorical, but it presents a allegorical, but it presents a very nice balance between very nice balance between levels of meaning. On the first levels of meaning. On the first level, the story about the level, the story about the animals is very moving. But at animals is very moving. But at the same time, each of the the same time, each of the animals does serve as a symbol. animals does serve as a symbol. The story's second level The story's second level involves the careful critique involves the careful critique Orwell constructed to comment Orwell constructed to comment on Soviet Russia (Ward). on Soviet Russia (Ward).

Boxer

Source:www.worldofteaching.com

Literary Terms Chapter One Literary Terms Chapter One (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

RhetoricRhetoric- the study of the technique of - the study of the technique of using language effectively; the art of using language effectively; the art of using speech to persuade, influence, or using speech to persuade, influence, or please; oratory please; oratory

Literary Terms Chapter One Literary Terms Chapter One (cont’d)(cont’d)

AnthropomorphisAnthropomorphism-Attribution of m-Attribution of human motivation, human motivation, characteristics, or characteristics, or behavior to behavior to inanimate objects, inanimate objects, animals, or natural animals, or natural phenomena.phenomena. Sporce:metro.co.ukSporce:metro.co.uk

Vocabulary Chapter TwoVocabulary Chapter Two

pre-eminent-outstanding, superior, surpassingpre-eminent-outstanding, superior, surpassing apathy-lack of interest or concern, indifferenceapathy-lack of interest or concern, indifference gambolled-to skip about as in dancing or playing, gambolled-to skip about as in dancing or playing,

frolicked frolicked

Literary Terms Chapter TwoLiterary Terms Chapter Two

Beast FableBeast Fable-a beast fable is usually short, -a beast fable is usually short, written in either verse or prose, and conveys a written in either verse or prose, and conveys a clear moral or message usingclear moral or message using

animal characters to stand for human types.animal characters to stand for human types. CharacterizationCharacterization--description of character traits. description of character traits.

SatireSatire In a In a satiresatire, the writer , the writer

attacks a serious issue by attacks a serious issue by presenting it in a ridiculous presenting it in a ridiculous light or otherwise poking fun light or otherwise poking fun at it. at it.

Orwell uses satire to expose Orwell uses satire to expose what he saw as the myth of what he saw as the myth of Soviet socialism. Thus, the Soviet socialism. Thus, the novel tells a story that novel tells a story that people of all ages can people of all ages can understand, but it also tells understand, but it also tells us a second story— that of us a second story— that of the real-life revolution the real-life revolution (Ward). (Ward).

Soviet Coat of Arms

Source: www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=73950...

Vocabulary Chapter ThreeVocabulary Chapter Three

Conceived- imagined, to form a notion or idea Conceived- imagined, to form a notion or idea ofof

Acute- keen, sharp or severe in effect, intenseAcute- keen, sharp or severe in effect, intense Cryptic- mysterious in meaning, puzzling, Cryptic- mysterious in meaning, puzzling,

ambiguousambiguous Maxim-proverb, a principle or rule of conductMaxim-proverb, a principle or rule of conduct

Literary Terms Chapter Literary Terms Chapter ThreeThree

PropagandaPropaganda is information or ideas is information or ideas methodically spread to promote or methodically spread to promote or injure a cause, movement, nation, etc.injure a cause, movement, nation, etc.

It is used as advertisements to "sell" a It is used as advertisements to "sell" a product or idea or to persuade a person product or idea or to persuade a person to do or believe something.to do or believe something.

Examples include commercials, Examples include commercials, advertisements, movie trailers, lawn advertisements, movie trailers, lawn signs, etc.signs, etc.

Source:www.dictionary.reference.com/browse/propaganda

The Hoof and HornThe Hoof and Horn

Literary Terms Chapter Literary Terms Chapter ThreeThree

UtopiaUtopia- an ideal - an ideal community or community or society society possessing a possessing a perfect socio-perfect socio-politico-legal politico-legal systemsystem

Vocabulary Chapter FourVocabulary Chapter Four

Tractable- obedient, easily managed or controlledTractable- obedient, easily managed or controlled Contemptible- despicable, deserving of contempt.Contemptible- despicable, deserving of contempt. Flogging-beating, especially with a whip, strapFlogging-beating, especially with a whip, strap Irrepressible-uncontrollableIrrepressible-uncontrollable Ignominious-dishonorableIgnominious-dishonorable Impromptu-unrehearsed, Impromptu-unrehearsed, made or done without made or done without

previous preparationprevious preparation

Vocabulary Chapter FiveVocabulary Chapter Five Pretext-excuse, something put Pretext-excuse, something put

forward to conceal a true purpose or forward to conceal a true purpose or objectiveobjective

Publican-tavern keeperPublican-tavern keeper Manifestly-evidently, apparently, Manifestly-evidently, apparently,

obviouslyobviously Liable-likely or apt Liable-likely or apt Innovations-changes, introduction of Innovations-changes, introduction of

new things or methodsnew things or methods Procured-obtained, the use of special Procured-obtained, the use of special

meansmeans

Vocabulary Chapter SixVocabulary Chapter Six

Arable-farmable, capable of Arable-farmable, capable of producing cropsproducing crops

Malignity-ill will, intense spiteMalignity-ill will, intense spite Scapegoat-a person or thing made to Scapegoat-a person or thing made to

bear the blame for others or to suffer bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place.in their place.

Vocabulary Chapter SevenVocabulary Chapter Seven Capitulated-surrenderedCapitulated-surrendered Attribute-blameAttribute-blame Graphically- vividlyGraphically- vividly Categorically- absolutelyCategorically- absolutely Countenance-faceCountenance-face Incited-urgedIncited-urged Retribution-punishmentRetribution-punishment

Vocabulary Chapter EightVocabulary Chapter Eight Skulking- lurking, to lie or keep in hidingSkulking- lurking, to lie or keep in hiding Rash-hasty, acting without due Rash-hasty, acting without due

considerationconsideration Machinations-plots, crafty schemesMachinations-plots, crafty schemes Censured-criticized, strong or vehement Censured-criticized, strong or vehement

disapprovaldisapproval Conciliatory-pacifying, overcoming the Conciliatory-pacifying, overcoming the

distrust or hostility ofdistrust or hostility of Unscathed-unharmed, unhurt Unscathed-unharmed, unhurt Contrived-schemed, obviously planned Contrived-schemed, obviously planned

or forcedor forced

Vocabulary Chapter NineVocabulary Chapter Nine

Superannuated- retired because of Superannuated- retired because of age or infirmityage or infirmity

Complicity- partnership, the fact or Complicity- partnership, the fact or condition of being an accomplicecondition of being an accomplice

Demeanor-behavior, conduct, Demeanor-behavior, conduct, deportmentdeportment

Vocabulary Chapter 10Vocabulary Chapter 10

Inebriate-drunkard, an intoxicated Inebriate-drunkard, an intoxicated personperson

Morose-gloomy, given to depressed Morose-gloomy, given to depressed or sullen moodsor sullen moods

Taciturn- silent, inclined to silence, Taciturn- silent, inclined to silence, reservedreserved

Subsisted- existed, to remain alive, Subsisted- existed, to remain alive, live as on foodlive as on food

IronyIrony Irony Irony results when there is results when there is

a disparity between what an a disparity between what an audience would expect and audience would expect and what really happens. what really happens.

Orwell uses a particular type Orwell uses a particular type of irony – of irony – dramatic irony. dramatic irony. He relies on the difference He relies on the difference between what the animals between what the animals understand and what we, understand and what we, the audience, can conclude the audience, can conclude about the situation at about the situation at Animal Farm (Ward). Animal Farm (Ward).

Pig overindulging himself.Source:http://images.google.com/images?

q=pictures+of+animal+farm&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en

Pig below the commandments.

DystopiaDystopia

An imaginary place or state in which An imaginary place or state in which the condition of life is extremely bad, the condition of life is extremely bad, as from deprivation, oppression, or as from deprivation, oppression, or terror.terror.

A work describing such a place or state: A work describing such a place or state: ""dystopias such as dystopias such as Brave New World"Brave New World" (Times Literary Supplement).(Times Literary Supplement).

Source:http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/dystopiaSource:http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/dystopia

Theories of Misery and Theories of Misery and Revolution Revolution

“No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth[…]” (Orwell 28).

“Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labor is stolen from us by human beings[…] (28).

“Remove man from the scene ad the root of hunger and overwork is abolished forever[…] (29).

“What must we do?[...] Rebellion!” (30).

Theories of Misery and Theories of Misery and RevolutionRevolution

Old Major expands on Marx’s theory of misery and gives the animals Lenin’s theory of revolution as presented in What is to be Done, a pamphlet published in 1902.

In the pamphlet Lenin echoed Marx: “The life of the worker is misery- he is exploited by the capitalist and he never enjoys the full benefits of his labor.”

Source:www.worldofteaching.com

When History and Literature When History and Literature MergeMerge

Critics often consider Critics often consider Animal FarmAnimal Farm to be to be an allegory of the Russian Revolution. In an allegory of the Russian Revolution. In the early 1900s, Russia’s Czar Nicholas the early 1900s, Russia’s Czar Nicholas II faced an increasingly discontented II faced an increasingly discontented populace. Freed from feudal serfdom in populace. Freed from feudal serfdom in 1861, many Russian peasants were 1861, many Russian peasants were struggling to survive under an oppressive struggling to survive under an oppressive government (Ward). government (Ward).

By 1917, amidst the tremendous By 1917, amidst the tremendous suffering of World War I, a revolution suffering of World War I, a revolution began. In two major battles, the Czar’s began. In two major battles, the Czar’s government was overthrown and government was overthrown and replaced by the Bolshevik leadership of replaced by the Bolshevik leadership of Vladimir Lenin. Vladimir Lenin.

When Lenin died in 1924, his former When Lenin died in 1924, his former colleagues Leon Trotsky, hero of the colleagues Leon Trotsky, hero of the early Revolution, and Joseph Stalin, head early Revolution, and Joseph Stalin, head of the Communist Party, struggled for of the Communist Party, struggled for power. Stalin won the battle, and he power. Stalin won the battle, and he deported Trotsky into permanent exile deported Trotsky into permanent exile (Ward).(Ward).

Source:http://www.netcharles.com/orwelSource:http://www.netcharles.com/orwel Source:Source:www.worldofteaching.comwww.worldofteaching.com

Czar Nicholas IIVladimir Lenin

Joseph StalinLeon Trotsky

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin Once in power, Stalin began, with despotic Once in power, Stalin began, with despotic

urgency and exalted nationalism, to move urgency and exalted nationalism, to move the Soviet Union into the modern industrial the Soviet Union into the modern industrial age. His government seized land in order to age. His government seized land in order to create collective farms (Ward). create collective farms (Ward).

Stalin’s Five Year Plan was an attempt to Stalin’s Five Year Plan was an attempt to modernize Soviet industry. Many peasants modernize Soviet industry. Many peasants refused to give up their land, so to counter refused to give up their land, so to counter resistance Stalin used vicious military resistance Stalin used vicious military tactics. Rigged trials led to executions of an tactics. Rigged trials led to executions of an estimated 20 million government officials estimated 20 million government officials and ordinary citizens (Ward). and ordinary citizens (Ward).

The government controlled the flow and The government controlled the flow and content of information to the people, and all content of information to the people, and all but outlawed churches (Ward).but outlawed churches (Ward).

Source:Source:www.worldofteaching.ctwww.worldofteaching.ct

Joseph Stalin

What does the windmill What does the windmill represent?represent?

The Windmill- What does The Windmill- What does the windmill represent?the windmill represent?

o The NEP- the New Economic Policy/ Stalin’s Five Year Plan to modernize industry and agriculture in the Soviet Union

oThe infrastructure of a nation

The New Economic PolicyThe New Economic Policy (NEP 1921-1928) (NEP 1921-1928)

Announced March 1921 by Lenin.Announced March 1921 by Lenin. Designed to replace worn-out machines with new ones.Designed to replace worn-out machines with new ones. Let the peasants sell most of their grain for whatever they could Let the peasants sell most of their grain for whatever they could

get to stimulate the production of consumer goods through an get to stimulate the production of consumer goods through an open market or capitalistic approach. open market or capitalistic approach.

The partnership between the proletariat and the peasant masses The partnership between the proletariat and the peasant masses was hailed as a great Communist accomplishment.was hailed as a great Communist accomplishment.

Ended with Stalin’s realization that the peasants’ pace was too Ended with Stalin’s realization that the peasants’ pace was too slow- production was not increasing at all.slow- production was not increasing at all.

Stalin replaced it with wholesale transition to collective Stalin replaced it with wholesale transition to collective farming. farming.

The Hen’s RebellionThe Hen’s Rebellion

““You can’t make You can’t make an omelet an omelet withoutwithout

breaking some breaking some eggs.” eggs.”

Ch. 7 The Hen’s RebellionCh. 7 The Hen’s Rebellion Hens refuse to lay Hens refuse to lay

eggs for eggs for Napoleon’s cash- Napoleon’s cash- producing schemeproducing scheme

Let their eggs fall Let their eggs fall and smash rather and smash rather than surrender than surrender them.them.

Hens were starved Hens were starved into submissioninto submission

Annihilation of the KulaksAnnihilation of the Kulaks In 1928 Stalin initiated In 1928 Stalin initiated

collective farmingcollective farming Converted all kulak Converted all kulak

farms to collective farms to collective farmsfarms

Kulaks slaughtered Kulaks slaughtered their own livestock their own livestock rather than surrender rather than surrender it.it.

Kulaks were murdered Kulaks were murdered and deported , 1928 and deported , 1928 through 1929through 1929

Annihilation of the KulaksAnnihilation of the Kulaks Back in the Back in the

Ukraine, by 1932 Ukraine, by 1932 the farmers the farmers remaining were remaining were forced to work on forced to work on large collective large collective run by the state run by the state on land that they on land that they had seized. had seized.  http://www.google.com/search?

q=pictures+of+the+kulaks&hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=0NU&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&prmd=ivns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=GU_JTfrVN8fa0QH3weTbCA&ved=0CBoQsAQ&biw=886&bih=483

Annihilation of the KulaksAnnihilation of the Kulaks All were forced to give major All were forced to give major

portions of their grain portions of their grain harvest to Stalin to be sold harvest to Stalin to be sold on the foreign market to on the foreign market to finance his military and finance his military and infrastructure projects. infrastructure projects.

All that would not participate All that would not participate were branded Kulaks and were branded Kulaks and shipped to be with the shipped to be with the others in Siberia. So much others in Siberia. So much grain was taken that the grain was taken that the farmers were in many times farmers were in many times left with nothing and this left with nothing and this created a huge forced created a huge forced famine by the winter of famine by the winter of 1933.1933.

http://www.google.com/search?q=pictures+of+the+kulaks&hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=0NU&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&prmd=ivns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=GU_JTfrVN8fa0QH3weTbCA&ved=0CBoQsAQ&biw=886&bih=483

Annihilation of the KulaksAnnihilation of the Kulaks The The Holodomor,Holodomor,

literal translation literal translation ““Killing by Hunger”Killing by Hunger”) ) was a man-made was a man-made famine in the famine in the Ukrainian SSR, part of Ukrainian SSR, part of the Soviet famine of the Soviet famine of 1932–1933. During the 1932–1933. During the famine, which is also famine, which is also known as the "terror-known as the "terror-famine in Ukraine" and famine in Ukraine" and "famine-genocide in "famine-genocide in Ukraine”,Ukraine”, millions of millions of Ukrainians died.Ukrainians died.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodomor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodomor

Battle of the Windmill=WWIIBattle of the Windmill=WWII

Stalin’s disloyalty to the Stalin’s disloyalty to the Western Allies Western Allies (Pilkington) led to his (Pilkington) led to his signing a nonaggression signing a nonaggression pact with Hitler pact with Hitler (Frederick) in 1939, after (Frederick) in 1939, after Hitler clearly threatened Hitler clearly threatened Europe. The cries from Europe. The cries from England, France, and the England, France, and the United States criticizing United States criticizing the pact fell on deaf the pact fell on deaf ears. ears.

Battle of the WindmillBattle of the Windmill

In 1941 Hitler betrayed In 1941 Hitler betrayed the pact and invaded the pact and invaded Russia. When Stalin Russia. When Stalin cried for help, some cried for help, some remembered his rebuffs remembered his rebuffs with revenge in mind, with revenge in mind, but most Western but most Western leaders were glad to leaders were glad to have Stalin’s friendship, have Stalin’s friendship, however self-serving it however self-serving it may have been. may have been.

Battle of the WindmillBattle of the Windmill

Though Hitler was Though Hitler was eventually defeated, eventually defeated, his army left the his army left the Soviet Union in ruin. Soviet Union in ruin. Many historians credit Many historians credit Hitler’s decision to Hitler’s decision to attack Russia, opening attack Russia, opening a second front of a second front of battle to support, as battle to support, as the cause of his the cause of his ultimate defeat. ultimate defeat.

CharactersCharacters Old MajorOld Major

An old boar whose speech An old boar whose speech about the evils perpetrated by about the evils perpetrated by humans rouses the animals humans rouses the animals into rebelling.into rebelling.

His philosophy concerning the His philosophy concerning the tyranny of Man is named tyranny of Man is named Animalism. Animalism.

He teaches the animals the He teaches the animals the song “Beasts of England”song “Beasts of England”

Dies before revolutionDies before revolution

Karl MarxKarl Marx The inventor of communismThe inventor of communism Wants to unite the working Wants to unite the working

class to overthrow the class to overthrow the government.government.

Dies before the Russian Dies before the Russian RevolutionRevolution

Lenin took Marxist principles Lenin took Marxist principles to create Leninism.to create Leninism.

Who is Karl Marx?Who is Karl Marx? Many of the ideals behind the Many of the ideals behind the

Soviet revolution were based on Soviet revolution were based on the writings and teachings of the writings and teachings of Karl Marx. A German intellectual Karl Marx. A German intellectual who lived in the mid-1800s, who lived in the mid-1800s, Marx believed that societies are Marx believed that societies are divided into two segments, a divided into two segments, a working class and an owner working class and an owner class (Ward). The working class class (Ward). The working class creates all the products, while creates all the products, while the owner class enjoys all the the owner class enjoys all the benefits of these products. This benefits of these products. This class division leads to inequality class division leads to inequality and oppression of the working and oppression of the working class. Marx’s objective was to class. Marx’s objective was to create a classless society in create a classless society in which the work is shared by all which the work is shared by all for the benefit of all, and he for the benefit of all, and he believed revolution was the way believed revolution was the way to achieve this goal (Ward). to achieve this goal (Ward). Source:Source:www.worldofteaching.comwww.worldofteaching.com

Farmer Jones = Czar Farmer Jones = Czar Nicholas IINicholas II

Farmer JonesFarmer Jones The irresponsible owner of the The irresponsible owner of the

farmfarm Lets his animals starve and Lets his animals starve and

beats them with a whipbeats them with a whip Sometimes shows random Sometimes shows random

kindnesskindness

Czar Nicholas IICzar Nicholas II Weak Russian leader during Weak Russian leader during

the early 1900s the early 1900s Often cruel and brutal to his Often cruel and brutal to his

subjectssubjects Displays isolated kindnessDisplays isolated kindness

Napoleon = Joseph StalinNapoleon = Joseph Stalin NapoleonNapoleon

Boar who leads the rebellion Boar who leads the rebellion against Farmer Jonesagainst Farmer Jones

After the rebellion’s success, he After the rebellion’s success, he systematically begins to control systematically begins to control all aspects of the farm until he is all aspects of the farm until he is an undisputed tyrant.an undisputed tyrant.

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin The communist dictator of the The communist dictator of the

Soviet Union from 1922-1953 who Soviet Union from 1922-1953 who killed all who opposed him.killed all who opposed him.

He loved power and used the KGB He loved power and used the KGB (secret police) to enforce his (secret police) to enforce his ruthless, corrupt antics. ruthless, corrupt antics.

Source: www.greatdreams.com/political/animal_farm.htm Source:

www.georgianbiography.com/bios/s/stalin.htm

Snowball = Leon TrotskySnowball = Leon Trotsky SnowballSnowball

Boar who becomes one of the Boar who becomes one of the rebellion’s most valuable rebellion’s most valuable leaders. leaders.

After drawing complicated After drawing complicated plans for the construction of a plans for the construction of a windmill, he is chased off of windmill, he is chased off of the farm forever by Napoleon’s the farm forever by Napoleon’s dogs and thereafter used as a dogs and thereafter used as a scapegoat for the animals’ scapegoat for the animals’ troubles.troubles.

Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky A pure but ruthless A pure but ruthless

communist leader who was communist leader who was influenced by the teachings of influenced by the teachings of Karl Marx. Karl Marx.

He wanted to improve life for He wanted to improve life for people in Russia, but was people in Russia, but was driven away by Lenin’s Secret driven away by Lenin’s Secret Police.Police.

Characterization in FablesCharacterization in Fables We already know that a We already know that a fablefable is a narration intended to enforce a is a narration intended to enforce a

useful truth. Fables have two important characteristics. First, they useful truth. Fables have two important characteristics. First, they teach a moral or lesson. In Animal Farm, the moral involves Orwell’s teach a moral or lesson. In Animal Farm, the moral involves Orwell’s views about Soviet politics. Second, the characters are most views about Soviet politics. Second, the characters are most frequently animals. These animal characters often function as a frequently animals. These animal characters often function as a satiric device to point out the follies of humankind. Though Old satiric device to point out the follies of humankind. Though Old Major, Snowball, and Napoleon may represent Karl Marx, Leon Major, Snowball, and Napoleon may represent Karl Marx, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin, many of the story characters are much Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin, many of the story characters are much more general. Some animals are grouped together as a single more general. Some animals are grouped together as a single character—“the sheep,” “the hens,” and “the dogs.” Orwell also character—“the sheep,” “the hens,” and “the dogs.” Orwell also capitalizes on the traits generally associated with particular animals, capitalizes on the traits generally associated with particular animals, such as sheep as followers and dogs as loyal (Ward). such as sheep as followers and dogs as loyal (Ward). Source:Source:www.worldofteaching.comwww.worldofteaching.com

Boxer-an allegory within Boxer-an allegory within an allegoryan allegory

       A dedicated and hard A dedicated and hard

working horse who aids working horse who aids in the building of the in the building of the windmill but is sold to a windmill but is sold to a glue-boiler after glue-boiler after collapsing from collapsing from exhaustion.exhaustion.

Represents the Represents the proletariat-dedicated, proletariat-dedicated, but tricked communist but tricked communist supporters of Stalin. supporters of Stalin. Many stayed loyal even Many stayed loyal even after it was obvious after it was obvious Stalin was a tyrant. Stalin was a tyrant. Eventually they were Eventually they were betrayed, ignored, and betrayed, ignored, and even killed by him even killed by him (Ward).(Ward).

Source:Source:www.worldofteaching.comwww.worldofteaching.com

SquealerSquealer     

A big mouth pig who A big mouth pig who becomes becomes Napoleon’s Napoleon’s mouthpiece. mouthpiece. Throughout the Throughout the novel, he displays novel, he displays his ability to his ability to manipulate the manipulate the animals’ thoughts animals’ thoughts through the use of through the use of hollow, yet hollow, yet convincing rhetoric convincing rhetoric (Ward).(Ward).

Represents the Represents the propaganda propaganda department that department that worked to support worked to support Stalin’s image; the Stalin’s image; the members of the members of the department would department would use lies to convince use lies to convince the people to follow the people to follow Stalin (Ward).Stalin (Ward).

Jessie & MosesJessie & Moses

JessieJessie The farm's sheepdog, she keeps The farm's sheepdog, she keeps

tabs on the pigs and is among the tabs on the pigs and is among the first to suspect that Napoleon is first to suspect that Napoleon is changing the commandments changing the commandments (Ward).(Ward).

Moses    Moses     A tame raven and sometimes pet of A tame raven and sometimes pet of

Jones who tells the animals stories Jones who tells the animals stories about a paradise called Sugarcandy about a paradise called Sugarcandy Mountain.Mountain.

Moses represents the abuse of Moses represents the abuse of religion. Stalin used religious religion. Stalin used religious principles to influence people to principles to influence people to work and to avoid revolt (Ward).work and to avoid revolt (Ward).

Source:Source:www.worldofteaching.comwww.worldofteaching.com

Jessie

Moses

More CharactersMore CharactersPilkington Pilkington

Jones' neighbor, he finds a way to profit from Animal Farm by Jones' neighbor, he finds a way to profit from Animal Farm by forming an alliance with the pigs. Represents the allied forces.forming an alliance with the pigs. Represents the allied forces.

MurielMurielA goat who believes in the rebellion, she watches as Animal Farm A goat who believes in the rebellion, she watches as Animal Farm

slips away from its founding principles. slips away from its founding principles. MollieMollie

A vain horse who resists the animal rebellion because she doesn't A vain horse who resists the animal rebellion because she doesn't want to give up the petting and treats she receives from humans. want to give up the petting and treats she receives from humans. Mollie represents vain, selfish people in Russia and throughout the Mollie represents vain, selfish people in Russia and throughout the

world who ignored the revolution and sought residence in more world who ignored the revolution and sought residence in more inviting countries. Also known as czartists /luxurious bourgeois inviting countries. Also known as czartists /luxurious bourgeois

class.class.BenjaminBenjamin

The most cynical of all the animals, the farm's donkey doubts the The most cynical of all the animals, the farm's donkey doubts the leadership of the pigs but is faithfully devoted to Boxer. Benjamin leadership of the pigs but is faithfully devoted to Boxer. Benjamin represents all the skeptical people in Russia and elsewhere who represents all the skeptical people in Russia and elsewhere who weren’t sure revolution would change anything. Survivor at any weren’t sure revolution would change anything. Survivor at any

cost.cost.The SheepThe Sheep

Not tremendously clever, the sheep remind themselves of the Not tremendously clever, the sheep remind themselves of the principles of animalism by chanting "four legs good, two legs bad." principles of animalism by chanting "four legs good, two legs bad."

The DogsThe DogsNapoleon’s private army that used fear to force the animals to work; Napoleon’s private army that used fear to force the animals to work;

they killed any opponent of Napoleon. The dogs represent Stalin’s they killed any opponent of Napoleon. The dogs represent Stalin’s loyal OGPU later KGB (secret police). loyal OGPU later KGB (secret police). Source:Source:www.worldofteaching.comwww.worldofteaching.com

Animalism = CommunismAnimalism = Communism AnimalismAnimalism

Taught my Old Taught my Old MajorMajor

No rich, but no poorNo rich, but no poor Better life for Better life for

workersworkers All animals are All animals are

equalequal Everyone owns the Everyone owns the

farmfarm

CommunismCommunism Invented by Karl Invented by Karl

MarxMarx All people are equalAll people are equal Government owns Government owns

everythingeverything People own the People own the

governmentgovernment

Source:www.worldofteaching.com

Animal Farm Revolution Animal Farm Revolution = Russian Revolution= Russian Revolution

Animal Farm Animal Farm RevolutionRevolution Was supposed to make Was supposed to make

life better for all, but . . .life better for all, but . . . Life was worse at the end.Life was worse at the end. The leaders became the The leaders became the

same as, or worse than same as, or worse than the other farmers the other farmers (humans) they rebelled (humans) they rebelled against.against.

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution Was supposed to fix Was supposed to fix

the problems created the problems created by the Czar, but . . .by the Czar, but . . .

Life was even worse Life was even worse after the revolution.after the revolution.

Stalin’s policies killed Stalin’s policies killed millions of people.millions of people.

Source:www.worldofteaching.com

Works CitedWorks Cited Ward, Lisa. “Ward, Lisa. “Animal Farm Animal Farm 1.” Power point 1.” Power point

presentation. presentation. World of Teaching. World of Teaching. World of World of Teaching, 23 Feb. 2010. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Teaching, 23 Feb. 2010. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. www.worldofteaching.com.www.worldofteaching.com.

"anthropomorphism." "anthropomorphism." The American Heritage® The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth EditionEdition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. 13 Apr. . Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. 13 Apr. 2010. <Dictionary.com 2010. <Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/anthropomohttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/anthropomorphism>.rphism>.