Chapter 14 Section 2

Explain the difference between learned and innate behavior

Describe 5 kinds of behaviors that help animals survive

Describe how biological clocks affect animals

Use the terms predator and prey in a sentence

List 3 animals that are predators and 3 that are considered prey.

Let’s share what you have…

Innate behavior◦ Behavior that does not depend on learning or

experience◦ Inherited through genes◦ Some are present at birth, some develop later

Learned behavior◦ Use learning to change a behavior◦ Innate behaviors can be modified◦ Learn from experience or observation

Innate behaviors:

Learned behaviors:

Finding food

Marking territory

Defensive action

Courtship

Parenting

Predators: animals that eat other animals

Prey: the animal being eaten

Example: Frog (predator) eats insects (prey), frog (prey) may be eaten by a snake (predator)

Competition for food and mates

Territory: an area occupied by one or many animals that do not allow other members of the species to enter

Territories are used for mating, raising young, and finding food

Ex: bird sing, big cats spray…

Protection of resources and territories (food, mates, offspring)

Ex: mother killdeer

Protection from predators (camouflage)

Ex: Skunk – powerful chemical to ward off predators

Reproduction is essential for survival of the species

Special behaviors to help find a mate: courtship

Ex: special movements, building nests, sounds…

Many animals depend on parents for survival

Gathering food, hunting, protection…

Migration

Slowing down

A biological clock

Cycles of change

Traveling from one place to another (to find food, water, shelter)

How do they know which way to go?◦ Landmarks for short distances

Hibernation: a period of inactivity and decreased body temperature some animals experience in winter

Temperature, heart rate, and breathing slow

Ex: bears, mice, squirrels, skunks

In the desert: internal slow downs in the intense heat, reduced activity: estivation

When to store food? When to migrate?

Internal control of an animal’s natural cycles

Time of day and temperature help set the “clock”

Some biological clocks keep track of daily cycles: circadian rhythms

Some biological clocks control long seasonal cycles

Control hibernation, migration, and reproduction patterns

Control cycles of internal changes (different life cycles – example: treehoppers)◦ Egg, nymph, adult forms…

How does hibernation help animals?

How do landmarks help animals?