andrea rossi method and apparatus for carrying out nickel and hydrogen exothermal reactions

8/6/2019 Andrea Rossi Method and Apparatus for Carrying Out Nickel and Hydrogen Exothermal Reactions

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(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)(19)World Intellectual Property Organization

International Bureau 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

peT(10) International Publication NumberWO 2009/125444 Al

(51) International Patent Classification:C01B 3/00 (2006.01) C01B 6102 (2006.01)

(21) International Application Number:PCT/IT200S/000532

(22) International Filing Date:

(25) Filing Language:(26) Publication Language:

4 August 200S (04.0S.200S)EnglishEnglish

(81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for everykind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM,AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ,CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ,EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN,HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR,KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME,MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO,NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG,SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA,UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW.

~(107)

3

6

Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for everykind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH,GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM,ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ,TM), European (AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE,ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV,MC, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, TR), OAPI(BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, ML, MR,NE, SN, TD, TG).

Published:with international search report (Art. 21(3))

: : : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(54) Title: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL AND HYDROGEN EXOTHERMAL REACTIONS(57) Abstract: A method and apparatusfor carrying out highly efficient exother-mal reaction between nickel and hydro-gen atoms in a tube, preferably, thoughnot necessary, a metal tube filled by anickel powder and heated to a high tem-perature, preferably, though not neces-sary, from 150 to 5000C are herein dis-closed. In the inventive apparatus, hy-drogen is injected into the metal tubecontaining a highly pressurized nickelpowder having a pressure, preferablythough not necessarily, from 2 to 20bars.

(43) International Publication Date15 October 2009 (15.10.2009)

(30) Priority Data:MI200SA 000629 9 April200S (09.04.200S)

(71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): PAS-CUCCI MADDALENA [IT/IT]; Via Ezio, 24, 1-00192ROMA(IT).

(72) Inventor; and(75) Inventor/Applicant (for US only): ROSSI, Andrea

[IT/IT]; C/O PASCUCCI, Maddalena, Via Ezio, 24,1-00192 ROMA (IT).

_ (74) Agent: CICOGNA, Franco; UFFICIO INTER-NAZIONALE BREVETTI, DOTT. PROF. FRANCO CI-COGNA, VIA VISCONTI Dl MODRONE 14/A, 1-20122MILANO - ITALY (IT).

--- FIG. 1- 106~; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;-; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;-; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;-

4

--; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;-

1(101)

IT (84)


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METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT NICKEL ANDHYDROGEN EXOTijERMAL REACTIONS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION5

The present invention relates to a method andapparatus for carrying out nickel and hydrogenexothermal reactions, and has been stimulated by thewell known requirement of finding energy sources

L O al ternati ve to fossil sources, to prevent atmosphericcarbon di.oxi.de contents from being unnecessarilyincreased.

For meeting the above need non polluting energysources should be found which do not involve health

L 5 risks, are economically competitive with respect to oilsources susceptible to be easily discovered andexploited and naturally abundant.

Many of the above al ternati ve energy sourceshave already been explored and operatively tested even

20 on an industrial scale, and comprise biomasses, solarenergy used both for heating and photovoltaic electricgeneration purposes, aeolian energy, fuel materials ofvegetable or agricultural nature, geothermal and seawave energy and so on.

25 A possible al ternati ve to natural oil, is theuranium-fission nuclear energy. However, yet unresolvedproblems affect nuclear energy such as great safety and

30

waste material processing problems, since,known, radioactive waste materials remainactive for thousands or millions ofconsequent great risks for personsradioactive waste disposal-off places.

as is welldangerously

years, withliving near


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To the above the fact should also be added that,at present, a nuclear fusion based on a laser actuatedinertial confining method does not allow to makeefficient power systems.

5 The above drawbacks are also true for deuterium-tritium fusion processes, as shown by the operatingtimes estimated for the ITER project, which shouldwithin the year 2025 should allow to construct powersystems according to the so-called DEMO project to

10 make, within the year 2035, the first fusion powerstation.

In fact, up to now, the so-called "cold" fusion,after an early announcement by Fleischmann and Pons in1989 (M. Fleischmann, M. Hawkins, S. Pons: Journal

15 Electroanal. Chern., 261,301-1989), notwithstandingseveral exploiting attempts on a world-wise scale, hasnot provided useful and reliable systems capable ofgenerating energy for normal, industrial or domesticapplications.

20 The most intelligent work performed in thefusion field, which work has been accurately studied bythe present inventor for practicing his invention, is astudy of Prof. Sergio Focardi, (Dipartimento di Fisicadell'Univerita di Bologna), and Prof. Francesco

25 Piantelli, (Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita diSiena) as disclosed in the following bibliographicdocuments:

S. Focardi, F. Piantelli: Produzione dienergia e reazioni nucleari in sistemi Ni-H a 400C,

30 Atti della Conferenza Nazionale sulla politicaenergetica in Italia, Universita di Bologna, 18-19aprile 2005.


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- 8. Focardi, R. Habel, F. Piantelli: Anomalousheat producti9n in Ni-H systems, Nuovo Cimento Vol.I107, pp 163-167, 1994

8. Focardi, V. Gabbiani, V. Montalbano, F.5 Piantelli, 8. Veronesi: Large excess in heat production

in Ni-H systems, Nuovo Cimento Vol. 111 A pp. 1233-1241, 1998

Gabbiani,Veronesi:

A. Battaglia, L.V. Montalbano, F.Neutron emission

Oaddi, 8. Focardi, V.

10Piantelli,in Ni-H

P.G . 8ona, 8.systems, Nuovo

Cimento Vol. l12 A pp 921-931, 19998. Focardi, V. Gabbiani, V. Montalbano. F.

Piantelli, 8. Veronesi: On the Ni-H systems, AstiWorkshop in Hydrogeldeuterium loaded metals, pp 35-47,

15 1997E.G. Campari, 8.

Piantelli,Focardi, V. Gabbiani, V.

8.ontalbano. F. E. Porcu, E. Tosti,Veronesi: Ni-H systems, Proceedings of the 8thConference on Cold Fusion, pp 69-74, 2000.

20 The present inventor, moreover, has alsoaccurately studies the following related patents: U8-6,236,225, U8-5,122,054, U8-H466, U8-4,014,168, U8-5,552,155, US-5,195,157, US-4,782,303, US-4,341,730,US-A-200l0024789.

25 An analysis of the above mentioned referencesshows that:

1- all experiments performed based on coldfusion have not permitted to generate power in such anamount to be reliably and constantly exploited in

30 industrial applications;2- all the uranium based methods and systems

have not up to now solved the problem of safely


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. 5

disposing of nuclear waste materials;3- all the nuclear fusion basedsystems have not been shown as capablesignificative amounts of energy whilefusion process to be safely monitored;

4- all the magnetic and inertial confining based

methods andof generatingallowing the

methods and systems, such as the plasma fusion method,cannot be properly economically managed; and

5- the catalyzed fusion of negative muons based10 methods and systems cannot be used because of the muon

short life.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

15 Accordingly, the aim of the present invention isto provide a method allowing to produce energy in aneconomic, convenient, reliablewithout generating radiations

and repetitive manner,and radioactive waste

materials.20 Within the scope of the above mentioned aim, a

main object of the invention is to provide such amethod which can be carried out in small size systems,adapted to be easily controlled and allowing to heatindividual places at an operating cost less than that

25 of commercially available heating systems.According to one aspect of the present

invention, the above mentioned aim and objects, as wellas yet other objects, which will become more apparenthereinafter, are achieved by a method and apparatus for

30 carrying out a highly efficient exothermal reactionbetween nickel atoms and hydrogen atoms, in a tube,preferably, though not exclusively made of a metal,


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filled by a nickel powder and heated to a hightemperature p'referably, though not necessarily, from150 to 500C, by injecting hydrogen into said metaltube said nickel powder being pressurized, preferably,

5 though not necessarily, to a pressure from 2 to 20bars.

In applicant exothermal reaction the hydrogennuclei, due to a high absorbing capability of nickeltherefor, are compressed about the metal atom nuclei,

high temperature generates internuclearwh i.ch are made stronger by the catalyticoptional elements, thereby triggering aa proton by the nickel powder, with a

transformation of nickel to copper and aof the latter to a nickel nucleus having ais by an unit larger than that of the

starting nickel.The present inventor believes that in this

reaction is possibly involved a capture of a proton by20 a nickel nucleus which is transformed into a copper

nucleus with a consequent beta decay of the formedunstable copper (Cu 59 - 64) since the produced thermal

10 while saidpercussionsaction ofcapture ofconsequent

15 beta+ decaymass which

energy is larger, as it will be thereinafterdemonstrated, than the energy introduced by the

25 electric resistance.It is believed that the nickel nuclei are

transformed to copper since the mass (energy) of thefinal status (copper isotope) is less than the overallmass (energy) of the starting status (nickel isotope +

30 proton).The exothermal reaction thereon Applicant's

invention is based differs from those adopted by prior


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searchersdemonstratesupporting

since.an

the inventor has not tried toemissiona validity of a

elementarytheory, but

particleshe has

of

exclusively tried to provide an amount of energy larger5 than the consumed energy amount, to just achieve a

practical method and apparatus for generating an energyamount larger than the consumed energy, and this byexploiting nuclear energy generating processes startingfrom electrochemical energy.

10 Thus, the inventive apparatus has beenspecifically designed for producing the above mentionedenergy in a reliable, easily controllable, safe,repeatable manner, for any desired applications.

In particular, the inventive apparatus is coated15 by boron layers and lead plates both for restraining

noxious radiations and transforming them into energy,without generating residue radiations and radioactivematerials.

In this connection it is pointed out that all20 prior attempts to generate like types of energy, have

brought to small energy amounts generating prototypesnot suitable for a safe industrial use, because of thetheoretical nature of the performed searches.

25 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Thus, the aim of the present invention is toaPP?ratus adapted to

repeatable manner andseries and parallel

provide anoperate inincluding a

energy generatinga reliable and

plurality of0connectable apparatus modules, therebyimpressively high energy amount by so

generating anbombarding a


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nickel atom by a hydrogen atom, to provide a largeatomic mass ,loss copper atom to be transformed intoenergy, based on the Einstein's equation, plus a betadecay energy of the radioactive copper atoms.

5 The following discussion may be considered asvalid for some (radioactive) Cu isotopes, but not forthe two stable copper isotopes (A63Cu and A65Cu) whichdo not decay.

As the copper atom decays, an energy emitting10 posi tive beta decay occurs, according to the following

equations:P = N+ e+ + v,whereP proton

15 N neutronE+ = positronv = neutrinoThe positron forms the electron antiparticle,

and hence, as positrons impact against the nickelW electrons, the electron-positron pairs are annihilated,

thereby generating a huge amount of energy.In fact, few grams of Ni and H would produce an

energy amount equivalent to that of thousands oil tons,as it will become more apparent hereinafter, without

25 pollutions, greenhouse effects, or carbon dioxideincreases, nuclear and other waste materials, since theradioactive copper isotopes produced in the processwill decay to stable nickel isotopes by beta +processes, in a very short time.

30 For clearly understanding the following detaileddiscussion of the apparatus, it is necessary to atfirst consider that for allowing nickel to be


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respect the,indispensable

quanticto use,

copper, it is necessary tolaws. Accordingly, it is

transformed into stablefor the above mentioned

exothermal reactions, a nickel isotope having a mass5 number of 62, to allow it to transform into a stable

copper isotope 62. All the other Ni isotopes, on theother hand, will generate unstable Cu, and,accordingly, a beta decay.

Considering that about 106 tons nickel for year10 are produced through the world and since, as it will be

disclosed he~einafter in Table 1, 1 g nickel wouldgenerate an energy amount equivalent to that producedby 517 tons oil, thus the yearly produced nickelamount, assuming that only 1/10,000 generates nuclear

15 processes, will provide1,000,000,000,000*517/10000equivalent) ton per year.

And this without considering the fact that theyearly nickel production could be easily increased,

51,700,000,000 (oil

20 depending on demand, and that, like mineral oil, nickelcan be recovered and remelted from nickel scraps ofsteelwork and electronic applications.

Actually, nickel is one of the most abundantmetals of the Earth crust.

25BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further characteristics and advantages of thepresent invention will become more apparent hereinafter

30 from the following detailed disclosure of a preferred,though not exclusive, embodiment of the invention,which is illustrated, by way of an indicative, but not


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limitative,where:

example, in the accompanying drawings,Figure 1 is a constructional diagram of the

apparatus according to the present invention;5 Figure 2 is a picture, taken by a 1.400 x

electronic microscope, showing the nickel powder (on a1.400 x scale), withdrawn by the apparatus;

Figures 3 and 4 are electronic microscopediagrams related to the powder atomic composition, at

10 the two points shown by the arrows in figure 2.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

With reference to the number references of the15 above mentioned figures, the apparatus according to the

present invention comprisesenclosed in a metal tube 2,nickel powder 3.

A solenoid valve 4 adjusts the pressure under20 which hydrogen 5 is introduced into the metal tube.

an electric resistance 1,further including therein a

Both the temperature generated by the electricresistance or resistor and the hydrogen injectionpressure can be easily adjusted either to constant orpulsating values.

25 More specifically, the electric resistance, orother heat source, is switched off as the exothermalreaction generating energizing status is triggered. Athermostat will hold said heat source operating,depending on the temperature in the circuit.

30 The assembly comprising said electric resistanceand nickel holding copper tube is shielded from theouter environment by using, respectively from the


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inside to the outside:a) a jacket 7 including water and boron, or onlyboron

b) a further lead jacket 8, which, optionally,5 though not necessarily, may be coated by a steel layer

9.The above mentioned coatings are so designed as

to restrain all radiations emitted by the exothermalreaction and transform said radiation into thermal

10 energy.The heat; generated by the particle decay and

nuclear transformations will heat the primary fluid,comprising borated water, thereby said primary fluid,in turn, will exchange heat with the secondary circuit,

15 in turn heated by said primary fluid and conveying theproduced thermal energy to desired applications, suchas electric power, heating, mechanical energy, and soon.

In the absence of a primary fluid, the fluid to20 be heated will exchange heat directly with the lead and

steel jacket.According to a further embodiment of the

invention, the apparatus further comprises thefollowing features.

25 Nickel is coated in a copper tubea heating electric resistance 101,controlled by a controlling thermostat

100, includingadj usted and

(not shown)adapted to switch off said resistance 101 as nickel isactivated by hydrogen contained in a bottle 107.

30 A first steel-boron armored construction 102,coated by a second lead armored construction 103,protect both the copper tube, the hydrogen bottle


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connection assembly 106, and the hydrogen bottle orcylinder 107" thereby restraining radiations throughthe overall radiation life, allowing said radiations tobe transformed into thermal energy.

On the outside of the lead armored construction,the copper reactor cooling water, circulates through asteel outer pipe assembly 105, and this conveyed tothermal energy using devices.

The above disclosed prototype can also be used10 as a heating module which, in a series and/or parallel

5

coupling relCl-tionship with other like modules, willprovide a basic core desired size and power heatingsystems.

A practical embodiment of the inventive15 ' apparatus, installed on October 16, 2007, is at present

'perfectly operating 24 hours per day, and provides anamount of heat sufficient to heat the factory of theCompany EON of via Carlo Ragazzi(Province of Ferrara).

For better understanding the invention, the main

18" at Bondeno

20components of the above mentioned apparatus have beenschematically shown in Table 2.

The above mentioned apparatus, which has notbeen yet publicly disclosed, has demonstrated that, for

25 a proper operation, the hydrogen injection must becarried out under a variable pressure.

The electric resistance temperature controllingthermostat has been designed to switch off saidelectric resistance after 3-4 hours of operation,

30 thereby providing self-supplied system, continuouslyemi tting thermal energy in an amount larger than thatinitially generated by said electric resistance, which


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mode of operation is actually achieved by an exothermalreaction.

As it will be shown in a detailed manner in thefollowing Table 1, it is possible to calculate that,

5 supposing a full transformation, a mole, that is 58 gnickel, generate the same amount of energy obtained byburning about 30,000 tons of oil.

Figures 2-5 show data measured on January 30,2008 which basically demonstrate that the invention

10 actually provides a true nuclear cold fusion.The pboto of figure 2 ,( obtained by a 1.400 x

electronic microscope) shows the nickel powder on a1.400 x scale, as withdrawn from the apparatus: inparticular said photo clearly shows the flake granules,

15 greatly promoting an absorption of the hydrogen atomsby the nickel nuclei.

The two arrows in the figure show the twoposi,tions of the powdermicroscope tests for

sample thereondetecting the

the electronicpowder atomic

20 composition have been carried out.The two graphs of figures 3 and 4 have been made

by the electronic microscope of Dipartimento di Fisicadell'Universita di Bologna, under the supervision ofProf. Sergio Focardi, on January 30, 2008, and are

25 related to the powder atomic composition at the twoabove points of figure 2.

In particular, said graphs clearly show thatzinc is formed, whereas zinc was not present in thenickel powder originally loaded into the apparatus said

30 zinc being actually generated by a fusion of a nickelatom and two hydrogen atoms.

This demonstrates that, in addition to fusion,


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the inventive reaction also provides a nickel nucleusfission phenomenon generating lighter stable atoms.

Moreover, it has been found that, after havinggenerated energy the used powders contained both copper

5 and lighter than nickel atoms (such as sulphur,chlorine, potassium, calcium).

This demonstrate that, in addition to fusion,also a nickel nucleus fission phenomenon generatinglighter stable atoms occurs.

10 It has been found that the invention fullyachieves the intended aim and objects.

TABLE 1

15 Determining the energy produced by a nickel mol.1nickel mol = 58 gAvogadro number 6.022 X 1023 mol-1 number of

nickel atoms in 58 g nickel.The energy generated in each hydrogen capture

20 process has been evaluated (for each nickel isotope)from the difference between the initial mass (nickel +hydrogen) and the reaction end product mass.

A reasonable estimate, considering the differentvalues for the different isotopes, is 10 MeV electron

25 (a MeV corresponds to a million electron-volts and isthe energy measuring unit, as conventionally used innuclear physics).

Since 1Mev is equivalent to a variation of massof 178 X 10-30 kg, the mass variation corresponding to

30 an energy emission of 10 Mev is 1.78 X 10-29 kg.The mass loss corresponding to a transformation

of an entire Ni mol can be calculated by multiplying


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the Avogadro number time the mass

5

variation of ~he single reaction.Thus is obtained (for 58 g Ni)M= (6.022 X 1023) x 1.7.8X 10-29 kg=1.07 x 10-5 kgFrom the Einstein equation we haveE = mc2 where c is the light speed c

m/s.Thus, by replacing:J=1.07 x 10-5 x (3 X 108)2 = 9.63 X lOll J which

10 can be approximated to 0.3 X 109 kcal (which can beapproximated O y defect to reserve).

This is an energy equivalent to about 30,000 tonoil considering a pci of 10,000 kcal/kg for mineraloil; thus, 58 g nickel will generate the same energy as

15 that provided by 30,000 ton oil, that is 517 tons/gram.

TABLE 2

List of materials used. for making prototypes for20 experimentally testing the inventive apparatus

Electric resistance: Frei, BresciaThermoadjuster: Pic 16- cod. 1705- FreiLead shields: Picchi Srl-Brugherio (Milan)Hydrogen: Linde Gas Italia, Arluno (Milan)Pressure reducer: Linde Gas Italia5Powder nickel: Gerli Metalli - MilanBoron: Danilo Dell'Amore Srl- BolognaCopper tube: Italchimici- Antezzate (Brescia)Laser beam temperature measuring device:

30 Raytheon, USAPressure gauge: Elaborazione - Dipartimento di

Fisica - UniversitA degli Studi di Bologna


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Neutron measuring device: ElaborazioneDipartimento di FisicaBologna

Universita degli Studi di

Chemical-physical analyses: Dipartimento di5 Fisica - Universita degli Studi Bologna.


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CLAIMS1. A method for carrying out an isothermal

reaction of nickel and hydrogen, characterized in that5 said method comprises injecting hydrogen into a metal

tube filled by a nickel powder, even of nanometricdimensions, or nickel granules or bars, in a hightemperature and pressurized hydrogen gas saturatedenvironment, thereby generating energy.

10 2. A method according to claim 1, characterizedin that in said method catalyzer materials are used.

3. A method according to claim 1, characterizedin that said high temperature is preferably from 150 to500C.

15 4. A method according to claim 1, characterizedin that said hydrogen is injected into said nickelpowder filled metal tube at a pressure preferably from2 to 20 bars.

5. An apparatus for carrying out an exothermal20 reaction by a method according to claim 1,

characterized in that said apparatus comprises a metaltube filled by a nickel powder and heated to a settemperature, hydrogen being further injected into saidmetal tube.

25 6. Ancharacterized in

apparatusthat said

accordingnickel

to claim 5,powder contains

catalyzer materials.7. An apparatus according to claim 5,

characterized in that said hydrogen is inj ected into30 said tube under a non-constant pulsating pressure.

8. An apparatus according to claim 5,characterized in that said temperature is variable.


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9. An apparatus according to claim 5,characterizeq. in that said nickel powder filled metaltube is coated, on an outside thereof, by a jacket ofwater and boron, or steel and boron, and by a lead

5 layer.10. An apparatus according to claim 9,

characterized in that said lead layer is coated by asteel layer.

11. An apparatus according to claim 5,10 characterized in that said apparatus comprises a steel

pipe therethrpugh a flow of water, or other fluid, iscaused to flow, said steel pipe being anemptedheat exchanging relationship with said metal tube.

in a

12. An apparatus according to claim 5,15 characterized in that said nickel powder is a nickel

isotope powder.13. An apparatus according to claim 5,

characterized in that said nickel powder is replaceableby a copper powder.

20 14. An apparatus according to claim 5,characterized in that said apparatus is an apparatusmodule susceptible to be series and/or parallel coupledwith like apparatus modules.

15. An apparatus according to claim 5,25 characterized in that said exothermal reaction is a

multiple exothermal reaction, adapted to providedifferent atoms depending on an amount of protonsinteracting with nickel nuclei.


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WO 2009/125444 rcrIIT200S/000532114

106~ ~(107)

34

1(101) 6

FIG. 1


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kV:20.0 Tilt:O

FIG. 2


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WO 2009/125444 rcrIIT200S/0005323/4

label:powder Small Balldot leftbottomkV:20.0 Tilt:O.O Take-off:35.0

FS : 237 Lsec: 97DetType:E3/4C Res:139 :50.0

30-Jan-2008 17:21 :58

2.00 4.00 12.00 14.00.00 8.00 10.00

FIG. 3


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WO 2009/125444 rcrIIT200S/0005324/4

2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00

Label:powder Small Ball dot left bottomkV:20.0 Tilt:O.O Take-off:35.0

FS : 822 Lsec: 109DetType:E3f4C Res:139 :IsO.0

30.Jan-200817:27:03

FIG. 4


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INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International application NoP C T / I T 2 0 0 8 / 0 0 0 5 3 2

A. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTERI N V . C O I B 3 / 0 0A D D . C O I B 6 / 0 2According to Interna tional Palen t Classification (IPC) or to both national classification and IPCB. FIELDS SEARCHEDMinimum documentat ion searched (classi fication system fol lowed by c lass ification symbols)C O I BDocumentation searched other than minimum documentation to the extent that such documents are included in the fields searched

Electron ic data base consu lted dur ing the interna tional search (name of da ta base and, where practical, search terms used)E P O - I n t e r n a l

C. DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANTCategory' Cnanon of document, with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages Relevant to claim No.

X E P 1 5 5 1 0 3 2 A ( O S A K A I N D P R O M O T I O N O R G 1 , 3 - 5 , 7 ,[ J P ] A R A T A Y O S H I A K I [ J P ] ) 8 , 1 3 , 1 46 J u l y 2 0 0 5 ( 2 0 0 5 - 0 7 - 0 6 )Y p a r a g r a p h s [ 0 0 1 4 ] , [ 0 0 4 3 ] , [ 0 0 4 6 ] , 2 , 6 ,[ 0 0 6 4 ] , [ 0 0 7 3 ] ; c l a i m s 1 , 4 , 7 ; f i g u r e 4 9 - 1 2 , 1 5e x a m p l e 1 -----Y E. C A M P A R I , S . F O C A R D I , V . G A B B A N I , V . 2 , 6 , 1 1 ,M O N T A L B A N O , F . P I A N T E L L I , S . V E R O N E S I : 1 2 , 1 5" O v e r v i e w o f H _ N i s ys t e m s : o l d e x p e r i m e n t sa n d n e w s e t u p "5 T H A S T I W O R K S H O P O N A N O M A L I E S I NH Y D R O G E N - D E U T E R I U M L O A D E D M E T A L S , A S T I ,I T A L Y , 2 0 0 4 , X P 0 0 2 5 1 7 9 1 1f i g u r e s 1 , 2 , 9 ; t a b l e 1----- -/--

IT ] Further documents are listed in the continuation of Box C. []See patent fami ly annex., Specia l ca tegories of ci ted documents: 'T' later document published a lte r the interna tional filing date'A' document defining the general state of the art which is not or priority date and not in conflict with the application butcited to understand the principle or theory underlying theconsidered to be of particular relevance invention'E' earl ier document but publ ished on or afte r the in ternationa l 'X' document of particula r relevance; the claimed inventionf il ing date cannot be considered novel or cannot be considered to'L' document which may throw doubts on priority claim(s) or involve an inventive step when the document is taken alonewhich is cned to establish the publication date of another 'Y' document of particular relevance; the claimed inventionc itation or other spec ial reason (as speci fied) cannot be considered to involve an inventive step when the'0' document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhiMion or document is combined with one or more other such docu-other means ments, such combination being obvious to a person skilled'P' document published prior to the international filing date but in the art .later than the prior ity date c laimed '&' document member of the same patent familyDate of the actual completion of the international search Date of mailing of the intemational search report

6 M a r c h 2 0 0 9 0 6 / 0 4 / 2 0 0 9Name and mailing address of the ISN Authorized officer

European Patent Of fice, P.B. 5818 Patenttaan 2NL - 2280 HV RijswijkTel. (+31-70) 340-2040, C r i s t e s c u , I o a n aax: (+31-70)340-3016Form PCT/ISA/210 (second sheet ) (April 2005)

p a g e 1 o f 2


24/25

INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International application NoP C T / I T 2 0 0 8 / 0 0 0 5 3 2

C(Continuatlon). DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TOBE RELEVANTCategory' Citation of document, with indication, where appropriate, ofthe relevant passages Relevant to claim No.

Y S . F O C A R D I , V . G A B B A N I , V . M O N T A L B A N O , F .P I A N T E L L I , S . V E R O N E S I : " E v i d e n c e o fE l e c t r o m a g n e t i c r a d i a t i o n f r o m N i - HS y s t e m s "1 1 T H I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O N F E R E N C E O N C O N D E N S E DM A T T E R N U C L E A R S C I E N C E 2 0 0 4 , M A R S E I L L E ,F R A N C E , 2 0 0 4 , X P 0 0 2 5 1 7 9 1 2f i g u r e 2

A

A

C E R R O N - Z E B A L L O S E E T A L : " I N V E S T I G A T I O NO F A N O M A L O U S H E A T P R O D U C T I O N ' I N N I - HS Y S T E M S "S O C I E T A I T A L I A N A D I F I S I C A , N U O V O C I M E N T OA , E D I T R I C E C O M P O S I T O R I , B O L O G N A , I T ,v o l . 1 0 9 A , n o . 1 2 ,1 D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 6 ( 1 9 9 6 - 1 2 - 0 1 ) , p a g e s1 6 4 5 - 1 6 5 4 , X P 0 0 8 1 0 3 2 4 8I S S N : 0 3 6 9 - 3 5 4 6t h e w h o l e d o c u m e n tG . M E N G O L I , M . B E R N A R D I N I , C . M A N D U C H I , G .Z A N N O N I : " A n o m a l o u s h e a t e f f e c t sc o r r e l a t e d w i t h e l e c t r o c h e m i c a l h y d r i d i n go f n i c k e l "I L N U O V O C I M E N T O ,v o l . 2 0 D , n o . 3 , 1 9 9 8 , p a g e s 3 3 1 - 3 5 2 ,X P 0 0 2 5 1 7 9 1 0p a g e 3 3 2

FORn PCT/lSAl210 (cont inua tion o f second sheet ) (Ap"I 2005)

2 , 6 , 9 - 1 2

1 - 1 5

1 - 1 5

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INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International applicat ion NoInformation on patent fami ly members PCT/IT2008/000532

Patent document I Publication I Patent family 1 Publicationcited in search report date member(s) dateEP 1551032 A 06-07-2005 AU 2003271180 Al 04-05-2004

W O 2004034406 Al 22-04-2004US 2006153752 Al 13-07-2006

andrea rossi method and apparatus for carrying out nickel and hydrogen exothermal reactions

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