ANCIENT NEAR EASTANCIENT NEAR EASTERN AND EGYPTIAN ART

OVERVIEW3 5 0 0 T O 3 3 0 B C E : S U M E R I A N , A K K A D I A N , N E O - S U M E R I A N A N D

B A B Y L O N I A N , A S S Y R I A N , N E O - B A B Y L O N I A N , A N D P E R S I A N

Mesopotamia: Crash Course World HistoryPantheon of Ancient Mediterranean GodsGoogle Map of the Ancient Mediterranean SetAncient Mediterranean Image Study Set

https://youtu.be/A_8yPgC9zQchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sohXPx_XZ6Yhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcQ-6Zd1638https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1hQMfvrJl41EPvnwMQL38uy3YHquaAsuR&ll=34.10873006535145%2C32.32456709999997&z=4https://quizlet.com/88307927/un02-ancient-mediterrean-bb-chapters-2-6-flash-cards/

ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS 2-1ARTISTIC TRADITIONS OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND DYNASTIC EGYPT FOCUSED ON REPRESENTING ROYAL FIGURES AND DIVINITIES AND ON THE FUNCTION OF FUNERARY AND PALATIAL COMPLEXES WITHIN THEIR CULTURAL CONTEXTS. WORKS OF ART ILLUSTRATE THE ACTIVE EXCHANGE OF IDEAS AND RECEPTION OF ARTISTIC STYLES AMONG THE MEDITERRANEAN CULTURES AND THE SUBSEQUENT INFLUENCE ON THE CLASSICAL WORLD.

2-1aThe art of the ancient Near East (present-day Iraq, Syria, Iran, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, and Cyprus, from 3500 to 330 BCE) is associated with successive city-states and cultural powers: Sumerian, Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian and Babylonian, Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, and Persian.

2-1bThe study of artistic innovations and conventions developed in the ancient Near East and dynastic Egypt (facilitated by recorded information from the time) provides a foundation for comparative understanding of subsequent artistic traditions within the region and beyond.

ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS 2-2RELIGION PLAYS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST, WITH COSMOLOGY GUIDING REPRESENTATION OF DIETIES AND KINGS WHO THEMSELVES ASSUME DIVING ATTRIBUTES.

2-2aArtists created fully developed, formal types, including sculptures of human figures interacting with gods and stylistic conventions representing the human form with a combined profile and three-quarter view. In these combinations, important figures are set apart using a hierarchical scale or by dividing the compositions into horizontal sections or registers, which provide significant early examples of historical narratives.

2-2bArchitectural repetitions include towering ziggurats that provide monumental settings for the worship of many dieties, as well as heavily fortified palaces that increased in opulence over the centuries, proclaiming the power and authority of rulers.

Mesopotamia: Crash Course World History #3 12:05

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sohXPx_XZ6Y&feature=c4-overview-vl&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9

Walls and tower, JerichoMud brick, rubble, stone8000-7000 BCE

Catal Huyuk7500 BC to 5700 BCE

Early Settlements

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: Walls and tower, JerichoMedium: Mud brick, rubble, stoneSize: n/aDate: c. 8000–7000 BCESource/Museum: n/a

White Temple and its ZigguratSumerianUruk (Modern Iraq)Mud Brick3,500–3,000 B.C.E

Nanna Ziggurat

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: Ruins of the White TempleMedium: n/aSize: n/aDate: c. 3300–3000 BCESource/Museum: Uruk (present-day Warka, Iraq)

Cross Cultural ComparisonsYaxhilan Structure 40, Templo Mayor Tenochtitlan, Acropolis

Video Resource: History of Sumer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsoJjxDkhbo

Statue of Votive FiguresSumerianEshnunna (Modern Iraq)Gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestonec. 2,700 BCE

Cross Cultural ComparisonsFemale diety from Nukuoro, Veranda post, Ikenga

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: Votive FiguresMedium: Limestone, alabaster, and gypsumSize: height of largest figure approx. 30" ( 76.3 cm)Date: c. 2900–2600 BCESource/Museum: The Square Temple, Eshnunna (present-day Tell Asmar, Iraq). The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago

Standard of UrSumerianRoyal Tombs at Ur (Modern Iraq)Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone2,600-2,400 BCE

Kahn Academy: Standard of Ur Analysis

Cross Cultural ComparisonsBayeux Tapestry, Column of Trajan, Night Attack on the SanjoPalace

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: The Great Lyre with bull’s headMedium: Wood with gold, silver, lapis lazuli, bitumen, and shell, reassembled in modern wood supportSize: height of head 14" (35.6 cm) height of front panel 13" (33 cm) maximum lengthof lyre 55½" (140 cm), height of upright back arm 46½" (117 cm)Date: c. 2550–2400 BCESource/Museum: Royal tomb, Ur (present-day Muqaiyir, Iraq) / University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia

https://youtu.be/Nok4cBt0V6w

PresenterPresentation Notes16. Standard of Ur from the Royal Tombs at Ur (modern Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq). Sumerian. c. 2600–2400 B.C.E. Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone.

The Great Lyre with Bull’s HeadWood with Gold, Silver, Lapis Lauzil, Bitumen, and Shellc. 2550-2400 BCEUr (Iraq)

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: The Great Lyre with bull’s headMedium: Wood with gold, silver, lapis lazuli, bitumen, and shell, reassembled in modern wood supportSize: height of head 14" (35.6 cm) height of front panel 13" (33 cm) maximum lengthof lyre 55½" (140 cm), height of upright back arm 46½" (117 cm)Date: c. 2550–2400 BCESource/Museum: Royal tomb, Ur (present-day Muqaiyir, Iraq) / University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia

Votive Statue of GudeaDioritec. 2090 BCEGirsu (Iraq)

Akkadian RulerCopper Alloyc. 2300-2200 BCENineveh (Iraq)

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: Votive Statue of GudeaMedium: Diorite Size: height 29" (73.7 cm)Date: c. 2090 BCESource/Museum: Girsu (present-day Telloh, Iraq) / Musée du Louvre, Paris

Victory Stele of Narum SinAkkadianSusa (Modern Iran)Limestone2254-2218 BCE

Kahn Academy: Stele of Naram Sin Analysis

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: Stele of Naram-SinMedium: LimestoneSize: height 6'6" (1.98 m)Date: c. 2220–2184 BCESource/Museum: Musée du Louvre, Paris

https://youtu.be/OY79AuGZDNI?list=PL26A5D7AA0F7CE7E7

The Code of HammurabiSusianBabylon (Modern Iraq)Basalt1792-1750 BCE

Kahn Academy: Law Codes Stele of Hammurabi Analysis

Cross Cultural ComparisonsJayavarman VII as Buddha, Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikn to Kings, Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

Video Resource: Babylon the Great

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: Stele of HammurabiMedium: DioriteSize: height of stele approx. 7' (2.13 m) height of relief 28“ (71.1 cm)Date: c. 1792–1750 BCESource/Museum: Susa (present-day Shush, Iran) / Musée du Louvre, Paris

https://youtu.be/_w5NGOHbgTw?list=PL26A5D7AA0F7CE7E7https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLk1NP_nwwE

Ishtar Gate Glazed Brickc. 5750 BCE

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: Reconstruction drawing of Babylon in the 6th century BCEMedium: n/aSize: n/aDate: n/aSource/Museum: Courtesy the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago

LamassuNeo-AssyrianDur Sharrukin (Modern Iraq)Alabaster720-705 B.C.E

Kahn Academy: Lamassu from the Citadel of Saragon AnalysisThe Neverending Story

Cross Cultural ComparisonsSphinx, Buk mask, Preying Mantra

Video Resource: History of the Assyrian Empire

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: Human-Headed Winged Lion (Lamassu)Medium: LimestoneSize: height 10'3½" (3.11 m)Date: 883–859 BCESource/Museum: Colossal Gateway Figure, Palace of Assurnasirpal II, Mesopotamia, Assyria, Kalhu (present-day Nimrud, Iraq). / The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Gift of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., 1932 (32.143.1.-2)

https://youtu.be/2GrvBLKaRSI?list=PL26A5D7AA0F7CE7E7http://youtu.be/dn88Mx7Ksgkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aT57dnlo-Tw

Audience Hall of Darius and XerxesPersianPersepolis, IranLimestone520-465 B.C.E

Cross Cultural ComparisonsForum of Trajan, Forbidden City, Great Zimbabwe

Video Resource: Empires of Ancient Persia

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: Air View of the ceremonial complex, PersepolisMedium: n/aSize: n/aDate: 518–c. 460 BCESource/Museum: Iran

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJvxW0xJKxo

Apadana of Darius and Xerxes

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: Apadana (audience hall) of Darius and XerxesMedium: n/aSize: n/aDate: 518–c. 460 BCESource/Museum: Ceremonial Complex, Persepolis Iran

Apadana of Darius and Xerxes

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: Apadana (audience hall) of Darius and XerxesMedium: n/aSize: n/aDate: 518–c. 460 BCESource/Museum: Ceremonial Complex, Persepolis Iran

Darius and Xerxes Receiving TributeLimestoneheight 8'4" (2.54 m)491–486 BCE300

PresenterPresentation NotesArtist: n/aTitle: Darius and Xerxes Receiving TributeMedium: LimestoneSize: height 8'4" (2.54 m)Date: 491–486 BCESource/Museum: Detail of a relief from the stairway leading to the Apadana (ceremonial complex), Persepolis, Iran / Courtesy the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago

http://youtu.be/zvILGIIVsMU

Ancient near east�Ancient Near Eastern and Egyptian Art OverviewENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS 2-1�Artistic traditions of the ancient Near East and dynastic Egypt focused on representing royal figures and divinities and on the function of funerary and palatial complexes within their cultural contexts. Works of art illustrate the active exchange of ideas and reception of artistic styles among the Mediterranean cultures and the subsequent influence on the classical world.ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS 2-2�Religion plays a significant role in the art and architecture of the ancient Near East, with cosmology guiding representation of dieties and kings who themselves assume diving attributes.Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21