Ancient EgyptAncient Egypt

The Gift of the NileThe Gift of the Nile

A Joruney of the NileA Joruney of the Nile

►http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hoMbE2F_6kI&feature=player_embeddedMbE2F_6kI&feature=player_embedded##!!

Ancient EgyptAncient Egypt

Its history of the Old, Middle,Its history of the Old, Middle, and New Kingdomand New Kingdom

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► http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/ehttp://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/history/timeline.htmlgypt/history/timeline.html

History & GeographyHistory & Geography

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►http://www.worldbookonline.com/studehttp://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar579780&st=ancient+ent/article?id=ar579780&st=ancient+egyptgypt

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Geography of EgyptGeography of Egypt

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Geography of Ancient EgyptGeography of Ancient Egypt

Look at this map and notice where the cities in ancient Egypt were located. Ancient Egyptian civilization developed in the delta and valley regions of the Nile River, isolated and protected by vast deserts on either side. The Nile River was the "backbone" of Egypt. The annual flooding of the river deposited rich soil allowing farmers to raise crops along the river banks. This fertile strip along the Nile was never more than 12 miles wide. Rich agricultural and mineral resources along with protection provided by the desert allowed along-lasting civilization to develop in Egypt.

LiteratureLiterature

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►http://www.worldbookonline.com/http://www.worldbookonline.com/student/article?id=ar256100student/article?id=ar256100

►http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/egypt/dailylife/papyrus.htmlprehistory/egypt/dailylife/papyrus.html

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Philosophy and ReligionPhilosophy and Religion

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GovernmentGovernment

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Life of the PeopleLife of the People

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Life of the People Life of the People

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Egyptian ArtEgyptian Art

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► http://www.history.com/topics/the-egyptian-http://www.history.com/topics/the-egyptian-pyramids/photos#egyptian-relief-sculpture-apyramids/photos#egyptian-relief-sculpture-and-paintingnd-painting

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Art continuedArt continued

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ArchitectureArchitecture

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Hieroglyphics and WritingHieroglyphics and Writing

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HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics

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The GardensThe Gardens

One rarely hears very little about gardens, and yet, they were an One rarely hears very little about gardens, and yet, they were an essential element to the ancient Egyptian people. Those who essential element to the ancient Egyptian people. Those who could afford to do so laid out gardens in front of both their could afford to do so laid out gardens in front of both their houses and tomb chapels. The gods were even thought to enjoy houses and tomb chapels. The gods were even thought to enjoy gardens and so most every temple was surrounded by lush gardens and so most every temple was surrounded by lush greenery. Gardens seem to have been particularly important greenery. Gardens seem to have been particularly important during the New Kingdom. It should also be noted that certain during the New Kingdom. It should also be noted that certain types of gardens had religious symbolism.types of gardens had religious symbolism.

We know that gardens often consisted of both trees and other We know that gardens often consisted of both trees and other plants. Popular trees included the sycamore fig, pomegranate, plants. Popular trees included the sycamore fig, pomegranate, nut trees and jujube. However, willows, acacia and tamarisk nut trees and jujube. However, willows, acacia and tamarisk were also found. In all, there were about eighteen varieties of were also found. In all, there were about eighteen varieties of trees grown by the Egyptians. Flowers were also abundant, and trees grown by the Egyptians. Flowers were also abundant, and included daisies, cornflowers, mandrakes, roses, irises, myrtle, included daisies, cornflowers, mandrakes, roses, irises, myrtle, jasmine, mignonettes, convolvulus, celosia, narcissus, ivy, jasmine, mignonettes, convolvulus, celosia, narcissus, ivy, lychnis, sweet marjoram, henna, bay laurel, small yellow lychnis, sweet marjoram, henna, bay laurel, small yellow chrysanthemums and poppies. Of course, there were also chrysanthemums and poppies. Of course, there were also papyrus, lotus and grapes.papyrus, lotus and grapes.

GardensGardens

Gardens were not simply for pleasant environs to the Ancient Gardens were not simply for pleasant environs to the Ancient Egyptians. The Papyrus and Lotus plants were symbolic of the Egyptians. The Papyrus and Lotus plants were symbolic of the two regions of Lower and Upper Egypt (respectively). Of two regions of Lower and Upper Egypt (respectively). Of course, gardens also provided food including vegetables and course, gardens also provided food including vegetables and wine, and in the final analysis, we might know much less wine, and in the final analysis, we might know much less about ancient Egypt if it were not for the papyrus paper used about ancient Egypt if it were not for the papyrus paper used through most of Egyptian history.through most of Egyptian history.

Regrettably, we know of very few depictions of gardens that Regrettably, we know of very few depictions of gardens that surround normal houses, but several literary descriptions of a surround normal houses, but several literary descriptions of a country estate mention the lush cultivated grounds around a country estate mention the lush cultivated grounds around a villa of the New Kingdom. There is much more evidence villa of the New Kingdom. There is much more evidence concerning gardens that surround tomb chapels and mortuary concerning gardens that surround tomb chapels and mortuary temples. Models of gardens were placed in a lot of tombs. In temples. Models of gardens were placed in a lot of tombs. In many funerary texts, the deceased talks about walking under many funerary texts, the deceased talks about walking under the trees of his garden and drinking the water of its lake.the trees of his garden and drinking the water of its lake.

An Egyptian GardenAn Egyptian Garden

MusicMusicMusic has been a part of Egyptian culture probably since its Music has been a part of Egyptian culture probably since its beginning. The ancient Egyptians credited on of their gods, beginning. The ancient Egyptians credited on of their gods, Thoth, with the invention of music. Osiris used music as part Thoth, with the invention of music. Osiris used music as part of his effort to civilize the world. Tomb and temple paintings of his effort to civilize the world. Tomb and temple paintings show a variety of musical instruments in both sacred and show a variety of musical instruments in both sacred and secular environments, and many of the dead were buried with secular environments, and many of the dead were buried with instruments. This leads to the thought that music formed an instruments. This leads to the thought that music formed an integral part of not only Egyptian rituals, but also daily life and integral part of not only Egyptian rituals, but also daily life and recreation. Sadly, no written pieces of music have survived, recreation. Sadly, no written pieces of music have survived, and no system of notation is known to have been developed and no system of notation is known to have been developed by the ancient Egyptians. It would seem that music in ancient by the ancient Egyptians. It would seem that music in ancient Egypt was, like so many of the arts at that time, passed down Egypt was, like so many of the arts at that time, passed down from one person to another in a form of "aural" tradition. from one person to another in a form of "aural" tradition. Various universities and institutions are working to Various universities and institutions are working to extrapolate what ancient Egyptian music might have sounded extrapolate what ancient Egyptian music might have sounded like based on present-day and known historical forms using like based on present-day and known historical forms using recreations of instruments.recreations of instruments.

Music ContinuedMusic Continued

Instruments known to have existed in ancient Egypt Instruments known to have existed in ancient Egypt are roughly the same ones as have been created by are roughly the same ones as have been created by nearly all civilizations. Lyres, harps, flutes, pipes, horns nearly all civilizations. Lyres, harps, flutes, pipes, horns (not "true" horns as we know them, but instruments (not "true" horns as we know them, but instruments similar to the didgeridoo of the Australian Aborigines, similar to the didgeridoo of the Australian Aborigines, the dragon-horn of Tibet, and the shofar of the Hebrew the dragon-horn of Tibet, and the shofar of the Hebrew people), and of course, drums, cymbals, and other people), and of course, drums, cymbals, and other percussion. As the ages passed, new instruments were percussion. As the ages passed, new instruments were added in as they were developed or introduced from added in as they were developed or introduced from other peoples. Given Egypt's importance in the ancient other peoples. Given Egypt's importance in the ancient world, one can easily assume that at one time or world, one can easily assume that at one time or another, every kind of instrument ever created has another, every kind of instrument ever created has been played in within its borders.been played in within its borders.

http://www.touregypt.net/music.htm#ancienthttp://www.touregypt.net/music.htm#ancient

MusicMusic

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An Ancient Egyptian HarpAn Ancient Egyptian Harp