ancient civilizations chapter 2 the fertile crescent

ANCIENT ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONSCIVILIZATIONS

CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2

The Fertile CrescentThe Fertile Crescent

Chapter 2, Section 1Chapter 2, Section 1Land Between Two RiversLand Between Two Rivers

Day 1Day 1

Geography Standard 1-4Geography Standard 1-4History Standard 4History Standard 4

Warm Up:Warm Up:Read Map Master page 33Read Map Master page 33

Complete the questions under Complete the questions under IdentifyIdentify and and Apply Apply InformationInformation

Agenda:Agenda: Warm Up/Hand in Homework.Warm Up/Hand in Homework. Read pgs. 34-39Read pgs. 34-39 Watch Petra: Watch Petra: Secrets of the Read CitySecrets of the Read City – Discover – Discover

SchoolSchool Read Read Farming in MesopotamiaFarming in Mesopotamia page 40 & 41 page 40 & 41

Homework:Homework:Finish Assessment on page 41Finish Assessment on page 41

Chapter 1 Objectives: Chapter 1 Objectives: Students will:Students will:•Found out how geography made the Found out how geography made the rise of civilization in the Fertile rise of civilization in the Fertile Crescent possible.Crescent possible.•Learn about Sumer‘s first cities.Learn about Sumer‘s first cities.•Learn about the two most important Learn about the two most important empires in Mesopotamia. empires in Mesopotamia.

Essential Question: Essential Question: • Why does where matter?• Under what conditions should human culture attempt to

change the processes that shape the natural environment?

• What makes a place culturally unique?• Under what conditions do cultures spread?• How does the geography of where we live effect our

lives?

Farming in MesopotamiaFarming in Mesopotamia

You’re going to create a You’re going to create a Mesopotamian Farming manualMesopotamian Farming manual

You will have a total of 6 steps, You will have a total of 6 steps, describe the steps in order and next describe the steps in order and next to each description draw a picture to each description draw a picture that represents the step.that represents the step.

Steps to Farming in Steps to Farming in MesopotamiaMesopotamia

1.1. Local officials decided when to Local officials decided when to open flood gatesopen flood gates

2.2. Animals grazed in soil to trample Animals grazed in soil to trample ground and eat weedsground and eat weeds

StepsSteps

1.1. Local officials decide when to let Local officials decide when to let water flow onto cropswater flow onto crops

2.2. Farmers let animals graze in soil to Farmers let animals graze in soil to trample and eat weeds.trample and eat weeds.

3.3. Farmers break up the soil using hand Farmers break up the soil using hand toolstools

4.4. Spread seeds and plowSpread seeds and plow

5.5. Plant seedsPlant seeds

6.6. Harvest the plants Harvest the plants

Chapter 2, Section 1Chapter 2, Section 1Land Between Two RiversLand Between Two Rivers

Day 2Day 2


Warm Up:Warm Up:Go over Homework - Go over Homework - Assessment on page 41Assessment on page 41

Agenda:Agenda: Warm UpWarm Up Mesopotamia: The Development of Written Mesopotamia: The Development of Written

LanguageLanguage (united Streaming)(united Streaming)

QuestionsQuestions Mesopotamia: From Nomads to FarmersMesopotamia: From Nomads to Farmers

(united Streaming)(united Streaming)

QuestionsQuestions





lives?

VocabularyVocabularyMesopotamia: The Development of Written Mesopotamia: The Development of Written

LanguageLanguagecity-state city-state DefinitionDefinition: : A self-governing state consisting of a city and A self-governing state consisting of a city and

surrounding territory surrounding territory ContextContext: : Nippur was the most important city-state in Nippur was the most important city-state in

Sumer. Sumer.

cuneiform cuneiform DefinitionDefinition: : The system of writing used by the ancient The system of writing used by the ancient

Sumerians Sumerians Context: Cuneiform writing looks more like symbols than Context: Cuneiform writing looks more like symbols than

pictures. pictures.

demon demon DefinitionDefinition: : An evil spirit An evil spirit Context: According to Sumerian legend, Gilgamesh killed Context: According to Sumerian legend, Gilgamesh killed

the demon Huwawa with the help of the sun god. the demon Huwawa with the help of the sun god.


LanguageLanguageepic epic Definition: Definition: A long poem telling the deeds of a hero and often centering on A long poem telling the deeds of a hero and often centering on

the ideals of a nation or culture the ideals of a nation or culture Context:Context: The Epic of Gilgamesh teaches us to enjoy the time we have on The Epic of Gilgamesh teaches us to enjoy the time we have on

Earth. Earth.

immortality immortality Definition: Definition: The quality or state of having an endless life The quality or state of having an endless life ContextContext: Gilgamesh was unable to achieve immortality, but he was able to : Gilgamesh was unable to achieve immortality, but he was able to

leave behind a legacy through the work he had done during his lifetime. leave behind a legacy through the work he had done during his lifetime.

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia Definition: Definition: An ancient land located where we find the modern country of An ancient land located where we find the modern country of

Iraq Iraq Context: Context: Mesopotamia means, “land between the rivers” and got its name Mesopotamia means, “land between the rivers” and got its name

because it was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. because it was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Nippur Nippur Definition:Definition: A major city-state in the ancient Sumerian region of A major city-state in the ancient Sumerian region of

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia Context:Context: Nippur was a busy trading center in Sumer and its most important Nippur was a busy trading center in Sumer and its most important

religious city. religious city.


LanguageLanguagescribe scribe Definition: Definition: A person paid to write, especially in ancient times A person paid to write, especially in ancient times Context:Context: Mesopotamian scribes worked closely with the priests and Mesopotamian scribes worked closely with the priests and

kings. kings.

stylus stylus Definition: Definition: A hard, pointed writing tool cut from a reed A hard, pointed writing tool cut from a reed Context:Context: Sumerian scribe wrote with styluses they made from reeds. Sumerian scribe wrote with styluses they made from reeds.

Sumerians Sumerians Definition: Definition: Residents of Sumer, a region of the ancient land of Residents of Sumer, a region of the ancient land of

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia Context:Context: The Sumerians developed many inventions, such as the wheel The Sumerians developed many inventions, such as the wheel

and the plow. and the plow.

tablet tablet Definition: Definition: A flat slab – often of clay or stone – suitable for an A flat slab – often of clay or stone – suitable for an

inscription inscription Context:Context: The Sumerians etched symbols into wet clay tablets to create The Sumerians etched symbols into wet clay tablets to create

a permanent document of their activities. a permanent document of their activities.

QuestionsQuestionsMesopotamia: The Development of Written Mesopotamia: The Development of Written

LanguageLanguage

1.1. What was the importance of scribes What was the importance of scribes in Mesopotamia? in Mesopotamia?

2.2. Why did the scribes have greater Why did the scribes have greater access to the priests and kings than access to the priests and kings than other people in the city-states? other people in the city-states?

3.3. How long did it take to train a scribe? How long did it take to train a scribe?

4.4. What is the name of the training What is the name of the training school where scribes learn how to school where scribes learn how to write?write?

VocabularyVocabularyMesopotamia: From Nomads to FarmersMesopotamia: From Nomads to Farmers

. . ancestors Definition: People in one’s family, from whom one is descended Context: Your ancestors include your grandparents, great grandparents, and great-great grandparents.

cuneiform Definition: The system of writing used by the ancient Sumerians Context: Cuneiform writing consists of characters with wedge-shaped parts.

domestication Definition: The taming of wild animals to use for farming or to be kept as pets Context: The domestication of sheep and goats helped the Mesopotamians become farmers.

Euphrates River Definition: One of the rivers that borders what was the land of Mesopotamia. Context: The Euphrates River bordered Mesopotamia to the west.


. . journal Definition: A record of personal experiences and thoughts kept on a regular basis Context: Writing a journal can help you understand yourself.

levee Definition: Earthen dams constructed to hold back floodwaters Context: A levee system helped the Mesopotamians farm their most fertile land.

Mesopotamia Definition: An ancient land located where we find the modern country of Iraq Context: Mesopotamia means, “land between the rivers” and got its name because it was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.


. . Nippur Definition: A major city-state in the ancient Sumerian region of Mesopotamia Context: Nippur was a busy trading center in Sumer and its most important religious city.

scribe Definition: A person paid to write, especially in ancient times Context: The job of a scribe was considered important in Sumer.

stylus Definition: A hard, pointed writing tool cut from a reed Context: Sumerians pressed the point of a stylus into wet clay in order to write.


. . Sumerians Definition: Residents of Sumer, a region of the ancient land of Mesopotamia Context: Sumerians developed a culture whose members farmed and traded instead of hunting and gathering to make a living.

Tigris River Definition: One of the rivers that borders what was the land of Mesopotamia Context: The Tigris River bordered Mesopotamia to the east.

QuestionsQuestions Mesopotamia: From Nomads to FarmersMesopotamia: From Nomads to Farmers 1.1. Why did the ancient Sumerians look for Why did the ancient Sumerians look for

new ways to produce their food? new ways to produce their food? 2.2. How did growing crops and domesticating How did growing crops and domesticating

animals like sheep and goats allow the animals like sheep and goats allow the Sumerians to build cities and live in one Sumerians to build cities and live in one place all year long? place all year long?

3.3. What does the word “Mesopotamia” mean? What does the word “Mesopotamia” mean? 4.4. Between which rivers did Mesopotamia lie? Between which rivers did Mesopotamia lie? 5.5. Why did the soil of the Mesopotamian Why did the soil of the Mesopotamian

region of Sumer grow such good crops? region of Sumer grow such good crops? 6.6. What problem at first made farming What problem at first made farming

difficult there and how did the Sumerians difficult there and how did the Sumerians solve it? solve it?

QuestionsQuestions Mesopotamia: From Nomads to FarmersMesopotamia: From Nomads to Farmers 7.7. In what other way did the Sumerians control the In what other way did the Sumerians control the

rivers? rivers?

8.8. What important farming tool did the Sumerians What important farming tool did the Sumerians invent? invent?

9.9. What else did the Mesopotamians invent? What else did the Mesopotamians invent?

10.10. What do we call their system of writing? What do we call their system of writing?

11.11. What tools did the Mesopotamians use for What tools did the Mesopotamians use for writing? writing?

12.12. What did the Sumerians put into writing before What did the Sumerians put into writing before any other society? any other society?

13.13. What was the name of the temple where What was the name of the temple where Sumerians believed their gods lived? Sumerians believed their gods lived?

14.14. Of what material were the houses in Sumerian Of what material were the houses in Sumerian cities made? cities made?

Chapter 2 Section 2Chapter 2 Section 2Babylonia and AssyriaBabylonia and Assyria


Warm Up:Warm Up:In your own words define the following words – In your own words define the following words – Empire, Empire,

Caravan, BazaarCaravan, Bazaar

Agenda:Agenda: Warm UpWarm Up Read pgs. 42-44Read pgs. 42-44 Have the students create a Venn Diagram like the one Have the students create a Venn Diagram like the one

found on page 42.found on page 42. List appropriate details in the “List appropriate details in the “BabyloniaBabylonia” circle.” circle. Read pgs. 45-46Read pgs. 45-46 List appropriate details in the “List appropriate details in the “AssyriansAssyrians” circle.” circle. If there is time, Section 2 Assessment on page 46If there is time, Section 2 Assessment on page 46


AssyriaAssyria

BabylonBabylon

Babylonia v. Assyria Venn Babylonia v. Assyria Venn DiagramDiagram

Mesopotamia EmpiresMesopotamia Empires Babylonia AssyriaBabylonia Assyria

Chapter 2 Section 3Chapter 2 Section 3The Legacy of MesopotamiaThe Legacy of Mesopotamia


Warm Up:Warm Up:In this section you will learn of the advances made by In this section you will learn of the advances made by

the Mesopotamians, including the art of writing. the Mesopotamians, including the art of writing. Think about how your lives would different without Think about how your lives would different without

writing. writing.

Agenda:Agenda: Warm UpWarm Up Read pgs. 47-51Read pgs. 47-51 Writing ActivityWriting Activity Guided Reading HandoutGuided Reading Handout





lives?

Writing ActivityWriting Activity

Read the quote on page 50 Read the quote on page 50 What do you think will happen to What do you think will happen to

the gardeners according to the gardeners according to Hammurabi’s Code, even after Hammurabi’s Code, even after they pay for the dates?they pay for the dates?

What do you think should happen What do you think should happen to the gardeners?to the gardeners?

The Fertile Crescent The Fertile Crescent Chapter 2 NotesChapter 2 Notes

SummarySummary Stretching from the coast of the Stretching from the coast of the

Mediterranean Sea in present day Israel Mediterranean Sea in present day Israel to the Persian Gulf, the Fertile Crescent to the Persian Gulf, the Fertile Crescent was the birthplace of many early was the birthplace of many early civilizations. civilizations.

The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers provided ideal conditions for human provided ideal conditions for human settlement, with the first civilizations settlement, with the first civilizations rising in Mesopotamia, or the rising in Mesopotamia, or the land land between the riversbetween the rivers..

Chapter 2 Section 4Chapter 2 Section 4Mediterranean CivilizationsMediterranean Civilizations


Warm Up:Warm Up:What happens to a story as it is retold over a long period of What happens to a story as it is retold over a long period of

time?time?What important development changed the way stories were What important development changed the way stories were

told?told?

Agenda:Agenda: Warm UpWarm Up FETCFETC Read pgs. 52-57Read pgs. 52-57 Map Master questions pg. 53 & 55Map Master questions pg. 53 & 55 Section 4 assessment pg. 57Section 4 assessment pg. 57





lives?

Chapter 2 Section 5Chapter 2 Section 5JudaismJudaism


Warm Up:Warm Up:What is Monotheism (hint: see What is Monotheism (hint: see

pg.55)pg.55)Agenda:Agenda: Warm upWarm up Read pages 60-64Read pages 60-64 Notes for Chapter 2Notes for Chapter 2 Writing Activity page 64Writing Activity page 64





lives?

Chapter 2 ReviewChapter 2 Review


Warm Up:Warm Up:Notes! Notes!

Agenda:Agenda: Warm UpWarm UpStudy Guide Study Guide


Essential Question: Essential Question: • What were the beginnings of What were the beginnings of

human society?human society?• How has geography shaped the How has geography shaped the

patterns of history?patterns of history?

Mrs. White’s Class

RULES!!!

Chapter 2 NotesChapter 2 NotesSection 1: Land Between Two Section 1: Land Between Two

RiversRivers Mesopotamia lay between the Tigris Mesopotamia lay between the Tigris

and Euphrates rivers. These two and Euphrates rivers. These two rivers and the rich, fertile soil drew rivers and the rich, fertile soil drew people to the region. people to the region.

The early people of Mesopotamia The early people of Mesopotamia became farmers and then builders of became farmers and then builders of cities. The most successful and cities. The most successful and advanced cities were the city-states advanced cities were the city-states of Sumer.of Sumer.

Chapter 2 NotesChapter 2 Notes

Section 2: Babylonia and AssyriaSection 2: Babylonia and Assyria After the fall of Sumer, the biggest After the fall of Sumer, the biggest

and most important civilizations were and most important civilizations were the empires of Babylonia and Assyria. the empires of Babylonia and Assyria.

These civilizations built grand cities These civilizations built grand cities

where culture and learning were where culture and learning were

highly valued.highly valued.


Section 3: The Legacy of Section 3: The Legacy of MesopotamiaMesopotamia

The Mesopotamians were probably The Mesopotamians were probably the first to develop two of the key the first to develop two of the key components of almost all components of almost all civilizations—a system of writing and civilizations—a system of writing and a set of written laws.a set of written laws.


Section 4: Mediterranean CivilizationsSection 4: Mediterranean Civilizations Phoenicia developed into a great sea Phoenicia developed into a great sea

power with trade routes throughout the power with trade routes throughout the Mediterranean region. Mediterranean region.

These trade routes brought great wealth These trade routes brought great wealth and knowledge to the Phoenicians. and knowledge to the Phoenicians.

The Phoenicians developed a system of The Phoenicians developed a system of writing with an alphabet of 22 letters. writing with an alphabet of 22 letters. This alphabet formed the basis of the This alphabet formed the basis of the alphabets that many nations use today.alphabets that many nations use today.


Section 5: JudaismSection 5: Judaism To the Israelites, history and religion To the Israelites, history and religion

were closely joined and were recorded in were closely joined and were recorded in the Torah. the Torah.

The Israelites' beliefs developed into the The Israelites' beliefs developed into the religion we know today as Judaism. religion we know today as Judaism. Judaism, still one of the world's major Judaism, still one of the world's major religions, had an important early religions, had an important early influence on two later religions, influence on two later religions, Christianity and Islam.Christianity and Islam.

Chapter 2 ReviewChapter 2 ReviewThe Fertile CrescentThe Fertile Crescent


Warm Up:Warm Up:

1.1. Continue working on your study guide. Continue working on your study guide. 2.2. When you are done completing the Standardized Test When you are done completing the Standardized Test

Prep on page 67Prep on page 67

Agenda:Agenda: Warm UpWarm Up Study Guide Study Guide ReviewReview


Essential Question: Essential Question: • What were the beginnings of What were the beginnings of

human society?human society?• How has geography shaped the How has geography shaped the

patterns of history?patterns of history?

STUDY, STUDY,

STUDY… the test is

tomorrow!!!

Directions: Name the concept Directions: Name the concept represented by all the sections represented by all the sections

in the circlein the circle

ancient civilizations chapter 2 the fertile crescent

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