Anatomy of Skin

Types of Skin Infections

Bacterial

Impetigo

Folliculitis

Acne

Fungal /Parasitic

Tinea Pedis

Tinea Cruris

Tinea Versicolor

Tinea Corporis

Toenail fungus

Allergic/Irritation conditions

Dermatitis

Eczema

Impetigo

Superficial bacterial infection of the skin

Most commonly caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus

Thin vesicles with honey colored crusting

Usually on face, hands, neck & extremities

Spread occurs via contact from fingers, towels, clothing

Folliculitis

Superficial or deep infection of the hair follicle

Usually result of Staphylococcus infection

May also occur as a result of contact/plugging with

oil, dirt, sweat, etc

Rash appears as small, dome shaped yellow pustules

with a hair shaft in the center

Acne

Obstruction of sebaceous follicles (oil glands)

Open comedones or closed comedones

Usually on the face, chest, back

Causes:

Bacteria Acne vulgaris

Stressful events (hormonal changes)

Friction acne

Tinea Pedis

Fungal infection - Athlete’s Foot, is caused by fungi such as

Epidermophyton floccosum or fungi of the Trichophyton genus.

Globally, athlete's foot affects about 15% of the population.

It is a contagious skin disease that causes itching, scaling, flaking,

and sometimes blistering of the affected areas.

Tinea Versicolor

Fungal infection of the skin

Multiple patchy lesions (oval shape with fine scales) either light in

color or brown

Typically occurs on the back, neck, chest, shoulders

More prominent in the summer when the affected areas do not tan

Recurrence is common.

Tinea Corporis

Fungal infection of skin - Ring Worm

Well defined circular patches with scaly borders

Found on non-hairy surfaces – face, arms, legs, truck

Occurs after contact with another person/object that is carrying the fungus

Toenail Fungus

Toenail fungus, or onychomycosis, is an infection underneath the surface of

the nail caused by fungi.

When the tiny organisms take hold, the nail often becomes darker in color and

smells foul.

Debris may collect beneath the nail plate, white marks frequently appear on

the nail plate, and the infection is capable of spreading to other toenails, the

skin, or even the fingernails.

Dermatitis

Inflammation of the superficial dermis/epidermis

Atopic Dermatitis:

Heriditary disorder – may also have Hx of asthma, allergic rhinitis, rash

Usually along cheeks, face, trunk, extensor surfaces of extremities

Dry and papular rash, scratching makes it worse, due to loss of natural oils in skin

Aggravated by stress, anxiety, dry conditions

Contact Dermatitis:

Papular and itchy rash resulting from contact with an allergen

Commonly – nickel (cheap jewelry, buckles), soaps, perfumes, cosmetics, posion

ivy/oak

Eczema

Dryness of the epidermis

Usually seen on extremities/trunk

Worse in winter or when bath too much

Rash is itchy, red, scaly, patchy with a cracked appearance

Secondary bacterial infections due to scratching

For these types of Mixed Skin Infections

Presenting

• Anti-bacterial

• Anti-fungal

• Anti-protozoals

• Corticosteroids

Antibacterial – Ofloxacin

Ofloxacin is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone group of antibiotic.

It inhibits the DNA gyrase enzyme (topoisomerase-IV)and thus

inhibits bacterial cell division.

Among other anti-bacterials, ofloxacin offers better MIC with

minimal resistance.

It is effective against various type of bacterial infections such as

Impetigo, Folliculitis, Acne etc.

Antiprotozoal - Ornidazole

Ornidazole is a nitro-imidazole which has broad spectrum cidal activity

against protozoa and some anerobic bacteria.

It shows broad spectrum antiprotozoal activity.

It exerts its action by damaging DNA and other critical biomolecules.

DNA helix destabilization and strand breakage has been observed with

ornidazole.

It is used to treat superficial infections like trichomonas vaginitis, Giardisis,

and bacterial vaginosis.

Anti-fungal - Terbinafine

Terbinafine is mainly effective on the dermatophyte group of fungi.

It is used topically for superficial skin infections such as jock itch (tinea

cruris), athlete's foot (tinea pedis), and other types of ringworm (tinea

corporis).

Terbinafine cream works in about half the time required by other

antifungals.

It shows higher mycological cure rate

Corticosteriods – Clobetasol

Propionate

It is a superpotent corticosteroid of the glucocorticoid class used to treat

various skin disorders.

clobetasol propionate has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and

vasoconstrictive properties.

It act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively

called lipocortins.

Brand Name :-

Composition:-

Indication:- In Mixed Skin Infections Bacterial Vaginosis Yeast vaginitis

Target Doctors-

1. Cons. Dermatologists

2. ENT specialists

2. General Physicians

Brand Name Company name MRP

Panderm plus

(15 gm tube)

macleods 56 INR

Terbofin OC

(15 gm)

Torque Pharma 42INR

Strobact plus Salius Pharma 54 INR