anatomy and physiology tissue chapter
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Anatomy and Physiology Tissue ChapterTRANSCRIPT
Tissues
And this type.....
Epithelial TissueGeneral Characteristics: - Found throughout the body, covers all body surfaces both inside and out. - Main glandular tissue. - Attached to underlying connective tissue by noncellular nonliving basement membrane. - Usually has no vascular tissue - blood supply - Cells reproduce rapidly (rapid healing). - Cells tightly packed together
Where does all the dead skin you shed go?
It takes about 27 days for the outer layer of skin to shed and be replaced; that works out to 1.5 pounds of skin cells per year.
Epithelial tissue is named based on its description
simple = single layerstratified = multiple layers squamous = flatcuboidal = squarecolumnar = column (rectangle)
Simple Squamous
Function: diffusion and filtration. Air sacs in lungs, walls of capillaries
Simple Cuboidal
Function: Secretion and Absorption
Found in kidneys tubules, ducts and covering the ovaries
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Simple Columnar
Function: Secretion and Absorption
Found in Digestive tract and uterus
*Contains goblet cells to secrete mucus
*Can have microvilli
Stratified Squamous
Multi layer squamous, functions in protection
Found in skin and mouth
The ink of tattoos must be injected below the basement membrane.
Tissues often come in layers on the body - superficial cuts on the skin may need to be stitched if they also go through the underlying tissue.
This will definitely need stitches!
Pseudostratified ColumnarSingle layer, nuclei are uneven which gives it a layered appearance
Can have goblet cells and cilia
Location: lining air passages and tubes of the reproductive system
Transitional Epithelium
Stretchable
Blocks diffusion (no leaking)
Found in the urinary bladder
Glandular EpitheliumCells are specialized to produce and secrete substances
They make up the GLANDS
exocrine glands | endocrine glands
salivary, sweat hormones
Identify the tissues
Connective TissueGeneral Characteristics: -Most abundant tissue in your body, found throughout-Binds structures together-Provides support, protection, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection, and helps repair tissue.-Composed of more scattered cells with abundant intercellular material ' matrix-Made up of a ground substance (fluid, semi-solid) and fibers-Most has a good blood supply-Cells can reproduce
Types of Cells in Connective Tissue● Mast cells (prevents clots)● Macrophages (consumers)● Fibroblasts (produce fibers)
Collagenous (bones, ligaments, tendons)
Elastic (respiratory)
Main types of FibersCollagenous fibers - strong and flexible bones, tendons and ligaments
Elastic fibers - very flexible, ears and vocal cords
Categories of Connective Tissue
Loose Connective Tissue or Areolar Tissue
Binds underlying organs to skin and to each other
Forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body
Adipose Tissue (fat)
Fibrous Connective Tissue
Tendons = muscles to bones Ligaments = bones to bones
DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CARTILAGE Cartilage cells are called chondrocytes Provides support and attachments, also cushions bones
Hyaline CartilageCovers ends of joints, nose and respiratory passages
Elastic cartilageExternal Ear and Larynx
Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Tough, shock absorbing
Bone Tissue (Osseus)
Blood Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Nerve Tissue
Nervous tissue (spinal cord)