What is anatomy?

The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms!!

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• Anatomy looks at FORM

What is Physiology?

The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts!!

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• Physiology looks at FUNCTION

Through the study of anatomy we….. !

• Cut into smaller pieces to understand how it functions

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• Ultimately, the body works as a whole

Why are we studying anatomy?

• Safety and stability!!

• Healthy movement on and off the mat!!

• Protect against incorrect (missing) instruction!!

• Build strength and flexibility !!

• Work within unique characteristics!!

• Informs us of anatomical impact of asana !!

• Its empowering

Four components of movement

1.Skeleton 2.Connective Tissue 3.Muscles 4.Nerves

Skeleton•Protection!!

•Storage of minerals!!

•Red blood cell production!!

•Structure!!

•Movement

Structure of bone• 2 types of bone tissue: compact and spongy !

• They differ in density!

• 3 types of cells that contribute to bone homeostasis !

• Osteoblasts !

• Osteoclasts!

• Osteocytes !

• Equilibrium between osteoblasts and osteoclasts maintains bone tissue

Compact bone

• Dense and rigid!

• Shaped like a cylinder and is so hard that surgeons must use a saw to cut through it.

• Supports the weight of the body and is made up of mostly calcium and minerals

Spongy• 20 percent of the human skeleton

• Structural support and flexibility without the weight of compact bone.

• Found in long bones

• Honeycombed

• The open structure of spongy bone enables it to dampen sudden stresses!

• Cancellous bone also has a relatively high level of metabolic activity.

Joints

• Ligamentous - Fixed!!

• Cartilaginous - slightly moveable!!

• Synovial - very mobile

Synovial joints• Hinge – Elbow + knee!

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• Ball and socket – Shoulder + hip!!

• Saddle – Thumb!!

• Pivot – Knee (tibia and fibula) + Neck!!

• Gliding – Foot (tarsals) !!

• Condyloid – Wrist (radius and carpals)

Structure of a Synovial joint

What is synovial fluid?

• is a viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints.

• Consistency like egg whites

• Its principal role is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement.

Naming JointsBone + O + Bone = JOINT!

• Knee - Femor o tibial joint

• Hip - Acetabul o femoral joint joint

• Shoulder - Glen o humeral joint

• Elbow - Humer o ulnar joint

• Ankle - Tibi o talar joint

Pathologies • Osteoarthritis - Wear and tear of cartilage at a

joint

rule of thumb is to keep it gentle, use props!

• Osteoporosis - medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile

weight-bearing postures, Moving the body against resistance can also help strengthen bones

Connective tissue

Structure - connective tissue• Cells and a matrix! • 3 types of protein fibers within the matrix

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1. Collagen - strong and provide flexibility. 2. Elastin - stretchy and spring back 3. reticular - thin and provide support for

many soft organs and blood vessels. !

Amount varies around the body

Types of connective tissue

• Tendons!!• Ligaments!!• Scar tissue!!• Bones!!• Muscles!!• Fascia!!• Cartilage!!

See the body as a whole, not as individual parts!

Flexibility

Internal influences•Type of joint!!•Internal resistance !!•Bony structures !!•Elasticity of muscle tissue!

!•Elasticity of tendons and ligaments !

!•Elasticity of skin !!•Muscle relax and contract !!•Temperature

External influences•Temperature of the place !!•Time of day !!•Recovery process of a joint (or muscle) after injury !

!•Age (pre-adolescents are generally more flexible than adults)!

!•Gender (females are generally more flexible than males) !!•Ability to perform a particular exercise (practice makes perfect)!

!•Commitment to achieving flexibility !!•Restrictions of any clothing or equipment

Remember, Asanas aren’t only about flexibility. !!

Bring balance into the practice - strength too.

Take aways

• 4 Components of movement

• Name the major bones of the skeleton

• 3 Types of joint

• 6 Types of Synovial joints

• Structure of connective tissue

• Types of connective tissue

• Factors effecting flexibility