analysis of rnterprovincial service flows for the

M.E.T.U. Journal of the Faculty of Architecture Volume 2, Number 1, Spring 1976. 151

ANALYSIS OF rNTERPROVINCIAL SERVICE FLOWS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PROVINCIAL HIERARCHY IN TURKEY

Gülden BERKMAN

INTRODUCTION

Received October is, 1975. In this study, the analysis of interprovincial service flows -which is treated as complementary to the analysis of interprovincial commodity flows- will be presented. Thus, the resulting optimum distribution system can formulate the interprovincial, spatial hierarchical pattern. To give the interrelationships as a whole, the analysis will be carried out

l. J.R. BOUDEVILLE, An operational at the province scale, each province being considered a region. Model of Regional Trade in France, • 1 •

P.P.R.S.A., v.7, 1961, pp.177-187. The method of Boudeville is resorted to for the computation of service flows. However, a distinction should be made at the begining so that the diversion from Boudeville in the interpretation of results (which aim at the achievement of spatial hierarchial pattern) is justified. A "service" can. be defined as a commodity which is consumed where it is produced. Therefore, the calculation of service flows shows the attraction of people to the service-exporting centers, rather than sending services to the places of demand (importing centers). Thus, the places attracted by an exporting center form the influence area of that center.

THE METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Assumptions:

1. The flows analysed will be net movements of services.

2. There are neither net flows between the exporting regions, nor between the importing regions.

3. For each service sector, production is assumed proportional to employment.

4. The consumption of (or the demand for) national services by a region is proportional to its income.

Net exports (supply) and imports (demand) will be calculated for each sector and province in accordance with the formula, below:

152 GÜLDEN BERKMAN

2. J.K. BOUDEVILLE, An Operational Model of Regional Trade in France, P.P.R.S.A., v.7, 1961, p.179.

3. J.R. BOUDEVILLE, An Operational Model of Regional Trade in France, P.P.U.S.A., v.7, 1961, p.180.

X. . P.Y-1 1 E. .

1J P„Y. \ (Eq.l)2 N N

X..

E. . P. PN Y. YN

i= 1,.. ,m j= I»-- ,n m = number of provinces, n = number of sectors,

amount of export and import of the jJi"_ sector in region i, region i's employment in sector j, population in region i, national population, income per capita in region i, national income per capita, national employment in the jÜJi sector

The First part of Equation 1 (EJ;), is the employment, equivalent of production; and the second part is the equivalent of consumption. As the P^Y^/ PNYN ratio gives the percentage of each region's per capita income in the national per capita income, each region consumes an amount determined by this percentage from the national output of each sector. Consequently, a positive value of Xj; means that region i exports the output of service sector j; and a negative value denotes that there is importation of the output of service sector j by region i. After the determination of net exports and imports of all regions with respect to all sectors in this manner, the problem iş to find out the optimum distribution system. In order to allocate the exports of exporting regions, taking into account the contacts which result from the proximity of importing or exporting regions, a transportation program, using the interregional (interprovincial) distances, will be constructed. To find the distribution which minimizes total transportation distance, the system of equations below should be solved:

Minimize T = Y. Y. d . . x Li **j IJ 1J (Eq.2V

ı = exporters j = importers

d- . = distance between the regions İ and j. with constraints:

£. x.. = X. (a region cannot export more than its capacity J 1J x will permit) L x.. = M. ( the total supplied to a region is equal to its

J •* needs ) x. . > 0 ( all deliveries are positive ) ij -

This is a classical transportation problem in linear programming.

ANALYSIS OF INTERPROVINCIAL SERVICE FLOWS 153

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODEL

DATA COLLECTION :

1. E, TURAK (der.), /İlere ve Sektörlere Göre İşgücü İstatistikleri, Yayınlanmamış Rapor, D.t.E., Ankara, 1965.

5. T. BULUTAY ve H. ERSEL, Türkiye Milli Gelirinin tiler; İmalat ve Sanayii Gelirinin ücret ve Kâr Arasında Bölünüşü Üzerine Bir Deneme, S.8.F. Dergisi, c.24, n.4, 1969, ss. 24S-266.

6, Sector Classification is given in Appendix I.

Employment figures of 1965 for 67 provinces according to 21 service sectors» have been taken from the State Institute of Statistics.1* The income levels necessary for the operation of the model, are based on a provincial study done by T. Bulutay.5 1965 Population Census Results are used to figure out income per capita values. Lastly, for the formation of distance matrices the 1965 Highway Map is used. Assuming that a single mode of transportation exists, 21 different distance matrices are prepared. The classification of the service sectors is in accordance with the classification of the State Institute of Statistics.6

SERVICE FLOWS AND THE OPTIMUM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:

7. The Computer program is based on the method of; J.DENNIS, A High Speed Computer Technique for the Transportation Problem, Journal of A.CM., v.5, n.2, 1958, pp.132-153. Computer outputs are reproduced as a supplement to be sent to the interested reader. They can be obtained from the METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture.

Equation 1 has been solved for the 21 service sectors and 67 provinces. Thus, for each sector exporting and importing provinces are separated. These export (supply) and import (demand) values are given.in Table 1. The results are also presented by different maps. ( Maps 1-21), to show the spatial pattern in wh^ch provinces are distributed as exporters and importers. The second step is to find out the interprovincial distribution system which is formulated by Equation 2. The optimization program has been solved for each sector.7

For a rather compact analysis of the hierarchial pattern, the computer outputs are aggregated according to the sectoral distribution of the number of exporting provinces. ( This information is given in Table 2.) For this purpose, the sectors are segregated into four groups. The first group covers sectors which have the smallest number of exporters and the last group includes sectors with the greatest number of exporters. Thus, the exporters of the first group designates the highest and the last group indicates the lowest level of the hierarchial pattern.

LEVELS OF HIERARCHY:

Group One covers the following.sectors:

Sector Code Sector Name

10 13 15 16 20

Banking, insurance and cooperative services Air transport Shipping and travelling agencies Storage Recreational services

This group consists of service sectors in which the number of exporting provinces is the smallest. The number of exporting provinces varies between 4 and 9. Table 3 which shows the total flows of the five service sectors, is a summary table prepared from the optimum distribution system.

154 GÜLDEN BERKMAN

Table 3 shows that the greatest export value in this group belongs to Istanbul; Ankara is the next; Izmir takes the third place, but compared with the first two, its exports are considerably lower. In the raking of exporters, Adana is the fourth. However, the size of its imports is greater than its exports, in this group. This means that Adana's activities are

8. Onlv those provinces in which the ,, . _ . , _ , , - _ , _ , * . i . . i

shares are greater than 2 2 in total, not diversified. The shares of the four exporters in the total will be discussed. output are as follows:

Istanbul Ankara tzmir Adana

48.8 % 40.5 % 5.5 % 2.2 %

The most important importers are Zonguldak, Kayseri, Kocaeli, Manisa, Urfa, Sivas, Kars and Adana respectively. Zonguldak imports almost 10 percent of the total services, whereas the imports of other provinces vary between 3.5 and 2.4 percent. Istanbul and Ankara do not appear as importers in any of these sectors.

The allocation of the exports of the four main export centers among the importers in space, is better reflected on Map 22; Istanbul dominates the whole country, except for two provinces (Ankara and Yozgat). Ankara, the second important export center, covers Central Anatolia, Black Sea, East and Southeast Anatolia and the Mediterranean Region. The Marmara Region and the west of Aegean are not under Ankara's influence; Izmir is the supplier of the Aegean Region; and Adana is dominant in Southeast Anatolia. It is observed that Izmir and Adana are local centers, whereas Istanbul and Ankara show the characteristics of national centers and are dominant even over the influence areas of the two local centers.

Group Two covers the following sectors:


2 Electricity, water and gas supply

3 Wholesale trade

6 Sales of furniture and fixtures

7 Sales of pharmacies, etc.

8 Sales of machinery and equipment

9 Sales of wood and construction material

12 Sea transportation

In this group, the number of exporting provinces varies between 12 and 17. Therefore, the degree of polarization decreases in this group of activities, when compared with the previous group, The shares of the main exporters according to Table 4, are:

Istanbul 50.5 %

Ankara 14.5 %

tzmir 4.6 %

Hatay 3.9 %

Samsun 2.8 %

içel 2.6 %

Zonguldak, Ankara, Konya and Adana are the main importers,


respectively. Their shares in the total vary between 5 and 7 percent. Istanbul and Izmir do not import in these sectors. As seen from Map 23, the influence area of Istanbul has been conspiciously shrunk compared with the area of the first group. Three sprovinces in the Agean, three provinces in the Southeast and one province in the East do not import from Istanbul. However, Istanbul still plays the role of a national center. Ankara exports to regions similar to the provious group, however there is a decrease of five provinces in its influence area. It still is a national center in spite of its smaller share in total exports. Ankara maintains its importance due to the inclusion of sales of furniture, sales of machinery and the wholesale trade in the group.

Izmir's influence area is widened. The Aegean, parts of the Mediterranean, the East and the Southeast Anatolia Regions are under its control. Inclusion of sea transportation and wholesale trade causes three new centers to appear at the second level of the provincial hierarchy. Samsun is the regional center of Eastern Black Sea and north parts of East Anatolia; Hatay is dominant in four provinces in Southeast Anatolia; İçel serves the Mediterranean and a part of the Middle and the Southeast Anatolian Regions. However, the influence areas of the three subcenters and Izmir are also controlled by the two national centers: Ankara and Istanbul. Since wholesale trade -one of the sectors of this group- is a classical function of central places, it will be useful to examine it separately for the determination of provincial hierarchies. Sector 3: Wholesale Trade. Table 5 and Map 24 are prepared for the analysis of this sector. Instead of dealing with all the provinces that export wholesale service, only exporters having export values greater than 10 percent of the total are shown on the map. Otherwise, influence areas become complicated. The greatest export values belong to Istanbul and Ankara (35 % and 22 % of the total respectively.) The third largest exporter, Urfa, exports only 6.8 percent of the total. In spite of this large gap in terms of the size of exports between the first two main centers and the following, Istanbul and Ankara do not serve as national centers. ( Map 24.) As far as wholesale exports are considered, Istanbul, Ankara, Urfa, içel, Gaziantep, Hatay, Erzurum, Diyarbakır, Izmir, Samsun and Bursa are regional centers. Furthermore, the overlapping of influence areas is not as frequent as in the aggregate groups. The influence areas of the regional centers are more precise and norrow. Zonguldak is the main importer and its size of imports is considerably larger than the other importing provinces.

Group Three covers the following sectors:


5 Sales of textiles and footwear 11 Railway transportation 14 Highway transportation

156 GÜLDEN BERKMAN

17 Communication services 18 Administrative services 21 Personal services

The number of exporting provinces in these sectors varies between 24 and 31. The shares of the main exporters (according to Table 6) are :

Ankara 18.7 % Istanbul 10.5 % Gaziantep 5.8 % Hatay 4.8 % İzmir 4.6 % Bursa 4.2 %

Aydın 3.4 % Diyarbakır 3.3 % Van 3.2 % Çanakkale 2.7 % Tunceli 2.6 % Eskişehir 2.2 %

According to the distribution system given in Table 6, the important importing provinces are Istanbul ( 18,6 % ), Zonguldak ( 14.1 % ), Konya ( 8.4 % ), Kocaeli ( 4.4 % ) and Kayseri ( 4.1 % ) . On the map ( Map 25.),,the influence areas of only the first six export centers are shown. The largest area is served by Ankara, the importance of which is largely due to the great value of its exports in the administrative services. The influence of Ankara spreads over the central and western parts of Turkey, overlapping with the influence areas of the export centers in these parts; only the Eastern Anatolia is not under Ankara's control. Most of the exports of Ankara are consumed by the three important importers: İstanbul, Zonguldak and Kocaeli. Istanbul's influence is confined to the North of the Marmara and the Eastern Black Sea Regions; Kocaeli and Zonguldak are its main markets. Istanbul's exports are mainly composed of personal services. Gaziantep takes the third place because it is mainly the export center of personal services for Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia. Of these provinces the largest amounts are consumed especially by Adana, Konya, Muş and Siirt. Hatay's influence spreads over the Eastern Anatolia and the provinces in its neighbourhood which overlap with some parts of the influence areas of Gaziantep and Ankara. Hatay's most important markets are Kayseri and Konya. Izmir is dominant in the Aegean, the Marmara and the Middle Anatolia Regions. Bursa exports to some provinces in the notrh part of Turkey. In this group, the dominance of the national centers has decreased. The influence areas of the regional centers are not as compact*as in the second group. The number of overlapping influence areas has increased.


Group Four covers the sectors given below: Sector Code Sector Name 1 Construction industry 4 Sales of food products 19 General services

The number of exporting provinces varies between 38 and 44. It means that the activities of the sectors in this group are dispersed within the nation and that they are not highly specialized functions of the centers. These regional centers forming the lowest level of the hierarchy must be great in number. According to Table 7, the ranking of the export centers is: Ankara 20.7 % Trabzon 5.6 % Bursa 5.1 % Diyarbakır 4.4 % Aydın 3.8 % Gaziantep 3.4 % Erzurum 3.0 % Eskişehir 2.9 % İsparta 2.9 % Antalya 2.8 % Kayseri 2.7 % Denizli 2.5 % Malatya 2.4 % The largest importers are : İstanbul 28.8 % Zonguldak 18.9 % Konya 6.3 % Adana 5.8 % The first map of Group Four (Map 26) shows only the influence areas of the somewhat larger export centers. The local centers with lower export values are also shown on this map, but their influence areas are indicated on another map for visual clarity. Ankara exports construction industry and general services to Istanbul, Konya, Zonguldak, Kastamonu and Çankırı. Trabzon exports large amounts of food sales services and general services, and smaller amounts of construction industry to the Black Sea Region and to Istanbul. Bursa is dominant over Istanbul and Kocaeli in the construction and food sales sectors, Its proximity to these provinces with a high demand makes it a local export center. Diyarbakır serves to Southeastern Anatolia, south of Eastern Anatolia, Eastern Mediterranean and Ankara in construction and general services. Although Ankara is the largest supplier in this group, Diyarbakin and Trabzon have larger influence areas. The map for smaller centers (Map 27) shows local center characteristics. An important observation is that almost all of these small centers export to Istanbul and Konya to meet their considerable high demand.

CONCLUSION The results obtained from this work can be manipulated further to figure out more rigid and detailed patterns of provincial

158 GÜLDEN BERKMAN

hierarchies. However, a model which is based mainly on employment data and which has strong assumptions concerning the calculation of flows and the optimization program, forces the analyst to suffice with the general pattern obtained above. Some conclusions derived from this analysis can be discussed. Service activities are generally dense in big centers where there is diversification of functions, and are carried out at levels higher than the local needs. It is an expected result which explains the attraction of big centers. At high levels of the hierarchy there are a few important centers dominating the nation. The export shares of these national centers are large, and their influence areas overlap. At the lower levels, relatively smaller centers gain importance, and the number of important export centers increases. Their shares in total exports decrease and the influence areas become smaller with less overlap. Thus instead of being national centers they become local and regional centers. In wholesale trade, all important export centers are regional centers. There is almost no interruption among the influence areas. Although the export shares of Istanbul and Ankara are large they do not act as national centers in terms of the size of areas under their control. In spite of the fact that wholesale trade is one of the sectors defining the second level of the provincial hierarchy, it behaves more like a lower level function, since it is one of the traditional functions. An important result to be mentioned is the status of Zonguldak. It appears as an important service importer throughout the analysis. This is due to the fact that Zonguldak1s activities are not yet diversified so as to meet the service neeeds of the basic industries - iron, steol, and coal. Furthermore, a large part of the population's service requirements are met by Ereğli Kömür İşletmeleri ( a government institution).

TÜRKİYE'DE İLLERARASI HİZMET AKIMLARI ANALİZİ VE İLLERARASI HİYERARSİK DÜZENİN SAPTANMASI

ÖZET Planlamada önemli etkenlerden biri de bölge içi ve bölgelerarası mal ve hizmet akımlarının saptanmasıdır. Bu çalışmada bölgelerarası hizmet akımları ele alınarak, bu akımlara göre belirtilen optimum dağıtım sisteminden bölgelerarası hiyerarşinin tanımlanmasına çalışılmıştır, ti ölçeğinde yürütülen analizde J.R. Boudville'in Fransa için geliştirdiği modelden yararlanılmıştır. Türkiye'de hizmet sektörlerinin 67 ile göre işgücü dağılımlarından hareket edilerek her sektördeki üretimin işgücü ile orantılı olduğu varsayılmıştır. Diğer bir varsayım da, her ilin hizmet tüketiminin o ilin geliri ile orantılı olarak belirlenmesidir. Her ilde her sektör içir üretim fazlası ihracat (arz), tüketim fazlası ise ithalat (talep) olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece belirlenen iller arası hizmet akımları net hizmet akımlarıdır. Aynı sektörde arz noktaları


( ihraç eden iller) arasında net akımlar olmadığı gibi, talep noktaları ( ithal eden iller ) arasında da akım yoktur. Illerarası net hizmet akımları ve mesafeler kullanılarak toplam mesafeyi minimize eden bîr ulaşım sorunu elde edilmiştir. Hizmet, üretildiği yerde tüketilen bir mal olarak tanımlandığından; positif hizmet akımlar, hizmet ihraç eden merkezlerin bu hizmeti talep noktalarına göndermesi yerine, ihraç merkezlerine insangücü çekimi anlamına kullanılmaktadır. Bu nedenle, ulaşım programının çözümü ile elde edilen illerarası optimum dağıtım sistemi, her hizmet sektörü için ihraç merkezlerinin etki alanlarını belirlemektedir. Etki alanlarının ve ihracatın büyüklüğü ve özelliklerinden yararlanılarak, illerarası hiyerarşinin saptanmasına çalışılmıştır. Modelin temelde yalnızca işgücü istatistiklerine dayanması ve analiz boyunca yapılan varsayımlar nedeniyle, çalışmadan bazı genel sonuçların elde edilmesi daha uygun bulunmuştur.

BIBLIOGRAPHY BOUDEVILLE, J.R. An Operational Model of Regional Trade in

France. Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Science Association, v.7, 1961, pp.177-187.

BULUTAY, T. ve ERSEL, H. Türkiye Milli Gelirlerinin îller; imalat Sanayii Gelirinin Ücret ve Kar Arasında Bölünüşü Üzerine bir Deneme. S.B.F. Dergisi, c.24, n.4, 1969.

DENNIS, J.B. A High Speed Computer Technique for the Transportation Problem. Journal of ACM, v.5, n.2, 1958, pp. 132-153.

TURAK, E. (der.) İllere ve Sektörlere Göre İşgücü İstatistikleri.Yayınlanmamış Rapor. D.I.E., Ankara, 1965.

APPENDIX I

SECTOR CLASSIFICATION

1. CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Building Construction : construction of residential buildings, shops, hospitals, schools, offices, institutions. Non-building Construction : construction of irrigation, dam power projects, roads, hydroelectric and thermal power plants, railway tracks, bridges, airports, shipyards.

160 GÜLDEN BERKMAN

2. ELECTRICITY, WATER AND GAS SUPPLY

Electricity generation, transmission and distribution.

Gas supply and distribution.

Water supply and distribution.

Sewage disposal and sanitary services.

3. WHOLESALE TRADE

Sales of food, alchoholic beverage and tobacco.

Sales of agricultural raw materials.

Sales of fuel and lubricants.

Sales of textiles and apparels.

Sales of chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Sales of electrical and non-electrical machinery, motor vehicles, electronic machines, professional and scientific measurement and control instruments.

Sales of construction materials.

Sales of paper, printed and published material.

Services of traders and middlemen.

A. SALES OF FOOD PRODUCTS

Sales of bakery, grossery, meat, poultry, fish, dried fruits, fruits and vegetables, cereal, flour, animal foods, milk, cheese, other dairy products, alcohol and tobacco.

5. SALES OF TEXTILES AND WEARING APPARELS INCLUDING FOOTWEAR

6. SALES OF FURNITURE AND FIXTURES

Sales of wooden furniture.

Sales of pottery, china, earthenware.

Sales of metal furniture.

Sales of radio, refrigerator, washing machine, sewing machine, etc.

Sales of carpet.

7. SALES OF PHARMACEUTICALS, PARFUMES, COSMETICS AND OTHER TOILET PREPARATIONS

8. SALES OF TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT, AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND HAND TOOLS

Sales of trucks, cars, motorcycles, bicycles and their spare parts.

Sales of agricultural machinery, handtools, other machines and apparatus (excluding home apparatus) and their spare parts.

9. SALES OF WOOD AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Sales of plywood and pressed wood.

Sales of structural and heating equipment and tube, sheet iron products.


Sales of glass.

Sales of cement, lime, gypsum, and other structural clay products.

10.BANKING, INSURANCE AND CO-OPERATIVE SERVICES

Insurance companies.

The purchase and sale of real estate.

Banks and credit institutions.

11.RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION

12.SEA, RIVER AND LAKE TRANSPORTATION

13.AIR TRANSPORTATION

14.HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION

15.SHIPPING AND TRAVELLING AGENCIES AND CARGO STATIONS (Haulage)

16.STORAGE FACILITIES

17.COMMUNICATION SERVICES

18.ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES

Public administ ration.

Private admin ist rat ion.

Municipalities.

Village administration.

19.GENERAL SERVICES

Education, health, religious and legal services.

Consulting services for the business (including advertisers).

Chambers of commerce, industry, labour unions and other professional and scientific establishments.

Chemical analysis laboratories.

20.RECREATIONAL SERVICES

Cinemas, studios , film distribution centers.

Theatres, radios, orchestras.

Tennis corts, swimming pools, dansings, sport and wedding saloons.

21.PERSONAL SERVICES

Home services.

Restaurants, cafeos, hotel s.

Drye leaning and barbershops.

Photograph studios.

Turkish baths.

Shoe repa i r shops, etc.

162 GÜLDEN BERKMAN

Map 1. Sut t or I. Const ruction Industry

Map 2. Sector 2. Electricity, Water and Gas Supply

Map 3. Sector i . Wholesale Tr:ıdı


Map 4. Sector 4. Sales of Fond Products.

import

EED export

Map 5. Sector 5. Sales of Textiles and Wearing Apparels Including Footwear

Map 6. Sector 6. Sales of Furniture and Fixtures

j r L ^ ~t^^vr_jff§*/y J\

1 I \ * >3 /^™'\_

^••• t ^Y* * *^^ y j ^ i t ^ \

^\hp^^^i

x \ . y

I - N ^ W ^ / T j

j - i -#^S i ^L, ^ji**

r z n import ESI export

164 GULDEN BERKMAN

Map 7. Sector 7. Sales of Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics

Map 8. Sector 8. Sales of Transportation Equipment, Agricııltura 1 Machinery and Hand Tools

Map 9. Sector 9. Sales of Wood and Construct ion Materials

ANALYSIS OF INTERPROVINCI AL SERVICE FLOWS 165

Map 10. Sector 10. Banking, lnsuranci and Co-operative Services

Map 11. Sector 11. Railway Transportation

Map 12. Sector 12. Sea, River and Lake Transportat ion

M B K *

H

7 *£ *- -»v.

1 / ..-s*L

Şî^-J^

C= i import M S export

166 GÜLDEN BERKMAN

Map 13. Sector 13. Air Transportation

Map 14. Sector 14. Highway Transportation

Map 15. Sector 15. Shipping and Travelling Agencies and Cargo Stations


Map 16. Sector 16. Storage Facilities

Map 17. Sector 17. Communication Services

Map 18. Sector 18. Administrative Services

import export

168 GULDEN BERKMAN

Map 19. Sector 19. General Services

s -7^-^

C ^ import 023 export

Map 20. Sector 20. Recreational Services

Map 21. Sector 21. Personal Services

ANALYSIS OF INTERPROVINCIAL SERVTCE FLOWS L6Ç

Map 22. Influence areas for sector aggregations.


Map 24. Influence areas for wholesale trade.

GÜLDEN BERKMAN 170


X / *

-JLV Y& j

§ö^

D^/qBTrfV-__ ^sStef o/ r 7 ' , ~ &H-*->/

"N ( O u V y •A } V / A

â^v-A \ I y^^" JVo y^* f^*-

0 ^XJL H

I ^ / ° A X T L W O O-/ / A

A© ^ v O ^ OA >

. L / Q A / I

/ OA , D© / * /

© 1 ©A L

° A ! ^ 9 c* -oA>-.

7 a

©Dj—V

\ A r \ A © X

A \.

1 ®A-/^*^ t / ^ T T A ^

>^A r*~^ A ^ V V

Kap 26. Influence areas for sector aggregations,

Kap 27. Influence areas for sector aggregations.

TABLE I. Sectoral and provincial distribution of export-import values

ADANA 01 ATİTVAM4M n? AFYON 03 AĞRI 04 AMASYA 05 ANKARA 06 ANTALYA 07 ARTVİN 08 AYDIN 09 BALIKESİR 10 BİLECİK 11 BİNGÖL 12 BİTLİS 13 BOLU 14 BURDUR 15 BURSA 16 ÇANAKKALE 17 ÇANKIRI 18 ÇORUM ]9 DENİZLİ 20 DİYARBAKIR 21 EDİRNE 22 ELAZIĞ 2 3 ERZİNCAN 24 ERZURUM 25 ESKİŞEHİR 26 GAZİANTEP 27 GİRESUN 28 GÜMÜŞHANE 29 HAKKARİ 30 HATAY 31 İSPARTA 32 İÇEL 33 İSTANBUL 34 İZMİR 35 KARS 36 KASTAMONU 37 KAYSERİ 38 KIRKLARELİ 39 KIRŞEHİR 40 KOCAELİ 41 KONYA 42 KÜTAHYA 43 MALATYA 44 MANİSA 45 MARAŞ 46 MARDİN 47 MUĞLA 48 MUS 49 NEVŞEHİR 50 NİĞDE 51 ORDU 52 RİZE 53 SAKARYA 54 SAMSUN 55 SİİRT 56 SİNOP 57 SİVAS 58 TEKİRDAĞ 59 TOKAT 60 TRABZON 61 TUNCELİ 62 URFA 63 UŞAK 64 VAN 65 YOZGAT 66 ZONGULDAK 67

1

- 3044.79 - / . 7 7 . 7 1 - 916.41 _ 379.55 - 860.42

7979.34 2396.66

360.63 2271.51

683.82 137.02 280 .61 201 .51 245 .33 331.84

2682.31 13.86

- 499 .35 - 680.20

839.01 1779.08

- 178.62 1556.04

4 .83 704.28

1367.61 1262.49

528.71 12.44

412.31 - 309.18

1174.64 1578.85

- 9510.94 1159.69

- 1388.66 - 617.14

2341.84 - 994 .53

59.64 - 1114.61 - 1899.43 - 484 .56

1087.21 299.54

- 901 .81 - 721.10

107.1 .55 - 323.56 - 505 .39

140.18 - 859.04 - 146.30

270.97 - 418 .85 - 1228.47

37.58 - 1491.95 - 717.18

520.39 1930.44

455 .41 212 .10 177.17 931 .38

- 1524.13 - 6648.70

2

309.06 77 RL 89 .19 72 .40 82 .83

1779.92 15.20 44 .74 10.63 28.16 17.66 33.07 22 .70

- 112.69 41 .37 61.04 65.52

- 69 .68 - 142.42 - 115.33

16.16 91 .31

288.67 49 .49 17.16 8 9 . 5 8

110.71 73.37 83 .20 29 .40 6 2 . 5 8 51.65 44 .55

1568.67 254.78

- 224.78 46 .28

- 102.99 53.28

0 .28 - 193.48 - 553.03

370.03 65 .85

188.06 - 105.28

92 .63 83 .85 69 .55 66 .36

- 142.20 - 82 .60

93.37 9 .06

- 107.57 - 128.96

31.17 - 131.29 - 41 .26

51.98 - 65 .30

28 .04 - 142.97 - 26 .22 - 95 .60 - 180.23

63 .81

3

417 .11 110.49

2.7.5 53.17

134.94 1672.4C

- U 3 . 3 9 96.16

134.97 158.77

- ' 39.05 12.09 19.83

150.83 101.53 103.76 218.26 130.85 U 8 . 2 1 150.06 272.15

91.72 - 204.68

135.87 391.86

39.19 467.Z6

90.07 108.81 46.96

404.811 115.3( 495.5S

2737.2£ 240 .6 :

28 .2 ! 1 8 5 . 1 : 285 .6 ; 119.11

- 104.1> 104.1?

36 .71 2 9 6 . 6 '

48.19 - 214.77

191.22 151.33 187.73

75.64 134.18 136.61

- 196.94 134 .0 :

6.9< 202. İT 209.3f

38.11 187.48

26.98 122.5f

2 . 7 ; 67.75

559.79 74.15

6.91 57.4<

- 1371.88

4

136.İC 101.71 841.69 110.06 208.42

- 2872.73 63.24 61.86

536.09 889.8C

33.29 15.63 64 .83

107.23 59.67

1079.27 458.67

88 .73 31.53

639.OC 669.29

32.88 256.54

22.96 266.44 364.52

1221.31 416.97

55.12 69.59

962 .03 243.32

74.12 - 6716.64

250.89 186.32 157.38

93.OC 171.59

- 133.88 816.78 911.53

64.52 391.24 505.96 264.98 383.2( 347.?4 123.58 186.12

27.06 403.92

0.50 357.74 733.18 235.59 226.56 128.62 155.43 204.21

1221.59 31.41

711.74 44.73 97.66

110.03 - 2712.64

5

125.6C 18.97 78.6=

0.26 63.68

581.92 48.7£ 39.04 77.87 77.07 58.02 31.13

6.47 19.37 35.63

378.88 75.69 84 .01 47.78

155.93 157.76 111.4C 127.09

45.54 68.25 34.4f

410.05 139.57 102.13

42.19 78.67,

121.3* 79 .7 :

1400.0: 631 .7 : 278 .7!

o.4: 138.8<

8 2 . ht 65.4^

382 .3 ; 224.3C

26. 5C 1.0(

20.4. 3i 4.ı:

4 4 . 9 ' 14.56 27.68

110.99 141.78

44.62 94.54 43.31

359.49 - 721 .95

36.18 141.79

- 105.05 21.85

138.83 45.67 10.51 10.32 72.92

- 136.56 - 984.69

6

32.7C 10.54 17.74 18.97 33.78

253.OC 25.49 14.37

5.73 23.86 11.21

9.98 9.88

22.76 10.97 87 .33 33 .11 21.23 33.36 18.34 33.24 39.99 37.33 17.29

9.29 29 .11 66.67 12.15 24.14

9.56 43.20

153.4< - ' 3 8 . 6 '

869 .4 ; 221.4(

7 2 . 5 : 29.8C 9 1 . 5? 32 .9 ! 12.01 70. 2C 55. 7! 20.1i 2 1 . 4 /

1 1 4 . 3 ; 47.2( 43.01 73.94 23.35 23.58

0.65 35.61 29.99

5.85 101 .7 :

31.77 9.41

60.46 27.25 30.52

3.16 8.36

62.13 1 7 .65 29.15 52.68

191.OC

7

36 .?8 14 If, 16.27 10 .21 12.07 32.59

- 23 .5? 17.50

7.62 15 .73 10 .61

6.32 10 .13 13.72

6.99 19.71 14.77 14 .41 32.86

0 .16 3 .53

21.34 18.94 17.13 26 .70

0 .28 29.38 14.13 20.79

7.44 29 .71 13.41

2 .13 679.25 157.67

51 .10 22 .20

8.47 24 .06

- 19.46 24 .08 76 .25 26 .28 16.16 20 .55 15.17 31.24

fl 08 14.94 16 .80 23.29

- 14.05 12.57

3.19 147.79

- 33.61 12 .10

- 43 .27 11.65 22.87

5.52 10.39

- 32 .68 6 .85

22 .90 39 .21

- 140.63

8

3.01 1 i f!7

- 26.0.5 18.47 33.60

338.32 26.54

7.76 1.47

31 .73 14.87 8.44 2 .30 4 .40

11.35 21.96 19.46 18.76 44 .60 23.58 22 .90 33 .00 18.64 16.54

0.49 4 . 7 1

62.54 - 18.58

21.12 7.54 7.14

19.86 37.32

503.93 118.08

48 .98 - 18.76

12.23 8.64 7.79

55 .30 1.97

35 .03 25 .80 11.18 25 .80 23.77

8.66 1.19

11.19 36.02

- 27 .61 32.12 44 .41 30.62

- 37 .16 - 16.39 - 36.22

3 .26 6 .66

24.77 4 .53

- 15 .51 13.15 22 .28 32.82

- 170.25

9

13.97

25.6<! 3 .78

25 .49 343 .63

- 17.22 12.68 30 .86 17 .80 18.28 11.86 13.94 12 .93 15 .63

103.68 - 26 .74

8 .70 57 .26 31 .22 11.99 23 .87 39 .02 26 .23

4 . 6 3 7 .41

66 .37 6 .01

- 34.12 11.87

5 . 7 1 17 .46

- 39.49 432.72 186.64

- 38.59 17.47

7.79 9 . 3 5

18 .18 - 4 5 . 6 1 - 41 .44

47 .52 6.Ö2

64 .21 34 .41 35.76

- 25 .88 - 18.2C

18 .11 - 46.76 - 33.24

19.47 111.04

26.57 3 9 . 9 =

3.75 57.43

0.9E - 29.66

9 . 7 ! 1 0 . 5 / 6 6 . 1 *

4.o; 7.OS

- 35 .2 i - 195.28

10

- 562.30

- 340.06 - 146.07 - 200.08

7169.40 - 773.81 - 112.14

55.47 - 332.52

76.79 52.72 51.13

~ 258.52 - 111.5C - 71.8"» - 297.6C - 136.3= - 386.93 - 102.72 - 109.77 - 189.91 - 295.46 - J.53.33 - 234.5£

25.8. ' - 158.13

146.8! - 160.2(

60.83 - 186.3( - 114.Oî - 249 .5 :

8397.9{ 706.OC

- 436.4( - 199.2C - 538.9: - 191.31 - 134.2* - 567,2: - 1333. i* - 221 .9 ' - 235 .3 ! - 365.6 : - 346 .9 : - 313.9: - 1 9 7 . 5 " - 126.6: - 153.28 - 354.36 - 134.6^ - 264.52 - 191.18 - 192.23 - 355.41 - 92.16 - 427.82 - 234.82 - 374.4!

15.52 57.10

- 482 23 - 58.62 - 184.21 - 313.17 - 1574.7f

Tablo I.

11

409 .63 48.27

1037.33 - 151.55 - 177.19

1670.40 - 563.16 - 156.80 - 104.64

96.12 620 .08

61 .35 272 .61

_ 394.Û5 71 .21

- 1014.59 - 408.20

614.32 _ 435.08 - 95 .93

142.80 - 202.29

274 .43 396.53 448.00

1336.93 598.42

- 261.88 - 194.06

57.02 47 .85 71.04

- 283.06 - 3568 .41

34.34 - 54 .95 - 336.57

170.92 - 64.32 - 184.26

529.70 - 539.87

393.87 1177.93

31 .33 - 161.36

55 .55 - 342.44

9 .32 - 193.12

6.89 - 337.42 - 324.66

389.92 126.90

- 171.22 - 166.33

1729.94 75.52

- 151.38 - 444.94

61 .03 - 270.30

298.08 - 200.35

99 .90 - 454.36

12

- 687.52 98.99

- 263.52 86.57

- 174.98 - 2084.94 - 128.60

21 .83 - 337.00

207.80 78 .00 31.39 36.09

- 191.48 - 116.29 - 310 .65

285.98 - 114.78 _ 247.74 - 245.65 - 187.99 - 209.50 - 217.78 - 126.22 - 241.37 - 331.56 - 276.37

10.76 - 105.76

32 .25 703.70

- 148.44 263 .41

8787.03 448.12

- 288.14 360.47

- 430 .73 - 39.29 - 110.65

546.94 - 902.82 - 249.88 - 211.38 - 538.4.5 - 208.09 - 167.73

58 .65 - 80 .09 - 133.48 - 229.96

7.5.89 263 .20

- 183.52 337 .73

- 177.67 87.71

- 311.87 - 44 .51 - 259.13

202.56 43.04

- 273.32 - 100.34 - 116.26 - 202 .61

80.79

13

384.21 22 .11

8.58. 18.65 32.94

1183.08 21.49 16.93 7 7.,03 67.12 13.07

9 .06 11.77

- 48 .27 25.22

- 38.54 - 46 .29

12 .35 54.26 52.24

7.69 - 45 .93

2 .46 22.24

6.99 24.09 51 .81 32.16

- 23 .08 7.24

4 7 . 4 ) 29 .43 79.56

1033.05 46 .45 65 .23 38.98 79.67 43.82 25 .73 41 .46

- 188.40 56.64 15.78

- 117.07 47.82 4 0 . 1 1

- 39.84 18.42 26 .95 52.74 40 .83 42 .37 49 .13 44 .70 24 .44 20.49

- 42 .23 35 .34 5 6 . 1 7 31.87 10 .11 54 .90 23.19

9 .11 41 .91

- 190.99

14

- 258.79 - 190.53

93 .68 - 144.96 - 105.00

947.43 381.77 140.72 894 .65 608.00

10 .85 - 109.19

76.93 1173.61

185.38 1926.53

216.92 - 181 .91

63 .81 407.82 451 .41

73 .93 - 379 .73 - 151.90

39.57 574 .21

1712.21 281.35

36.24 - 147.72

1311.43 399.43 498 .01

- 2048.77 511.97

- 1085.83 - 863 .73 - 648 .63 - 35 .63

41 .23 - 779 .95 - 1059.30

326.47 61 .13

- 273 .78 94 .00 44 .59

414 .89 - 242 .21

163.84 - 283.44 - 15.97

25.42 841.16 499 .83

- 845 .68 222 .96

- 494.59 - 20.07 - 446 .1?

653.14 - 158.80

359.32 - 173.18 - 163.13 - 595.93 - 3728.81

15

33 .55 7 .38

22.19 7.98

16.21 157.80

1.02 1.09

12 .70 12.89

7 .74 3 .68 4 .18

11 .81 6 .05 7.80 2 .23 9.82

18.84 12.83 12.58

7.27 20 .30 10 .68 19.36 19 .30 16 .90

8.87 - 10 .18

2 .94 17 .83

0 .98 3.76

483 .75 200.54

22 .88 9 .45

30 .06 14.79 10.44

5 .46 - 61.79

12 .40 16.80

- 34 .96 13 .41 13.28 12 .80

7 .48 12 .16 20.22 15.39 10.20 13 .01 26 .01 15.82

7.73 - 25.32

13 .81 - 24 .43

14.09 4 .10

21 .53 3 .41

10 .41 13.64 42 .78

16

34.19 6 .41

12.52 5.45 4 .07

19 .05 3.82 5 .53 6.02 6 .81 3.29 2 .51 2 .54 0 .79 5.55 9 .25 4 .50 4 .39

13.60 2 .41

12 .01 10.84 11.54

8 .66 12.63

7.37 14.69

4 .47 6 .95 2 .01

12.87 4 .55 3 .11

512.64 96 .39 16.36

7.92 - 16.36

12 .15 7 .13

16.64 52 .23 15.98 12.52 16.12

9 .26 11.12

9 .15 5 .11 8 .30

12.18 11.88

8.75 14.39

9.59 11.49

1.96 18.03

5.15 - 12 .68

11.77 2 .80 6.44 5 .43 6.79

11.73 48.17

17

- 101.15 22.02 31.29

1.35 54.40

2151.38 4 .23 1.46

99.15 33.69 1.90

11.56 15.83 47.46 23.44 72.16 0 .22

32.95 - 118.64

54.56 120.32

8.23 40.50 37.49

171.53 10.01 64.65 13.90 31.37 32.31 47.56 4 .04

- 133.12 403.70 157.03

96.90 0 .29

- 219.51 58.87 36.12

- 81 .18 - 349.45 - 101.49

18.10 - 203.99 - 100.82

36.11 11.93 26.13 58.04 98.19 62.68 85.69 32.81 22.80 53.76 0 .83

71.65 63.55 79.70 52.79 19.13

- 148.79 21.36 81.78 56.74

- 528.01

18

- 1920.48 203.43

76.56 342.92 234.85

15789.88 379.83 193.68 942.23 253.23 940.02 371.67 588.28 246.94

71.34 950.18

2273.80 92.24

506.24 86 .42

1907.57 460.45 505.63

87 .59 712.38 365.57

1649.39 207.50 138.'2 5

2342.11 2983.79

209.78 - 1093.69 - 15804.27 - 2816.54 - 654 .75

102.16 - 1492.56

361 .81 139.46

- 1974.38 - 3738.25

376.78 1.55

- 1583.11 480.69

3515.81 194.56 315.46 228.27 437.08 346.91 645.49 291.07 389.48

1396.89 144.68 599.82 460.42 561.09

93 .58 3065.22

667.94 25 .06

3681.90 450.84

- 4720.79

19

- 1872.09 62 .34

233 .90 574 .01 146.43

9412.22 308 .23 684.16 409 .46 383.52 410 .49 348 .33 423 .41 483 .86 266 .33 591.23 520.14 386.17

21.92 680.08

1272.50 74 .26

229 .88 294 .81

1601.98 738.89 440 .48 746.54 224 .33

24 .75 350 .75

1068.31 - 1419.59 - 8032.12 - 2225.79

144 .85 664.82 728.95

9.67 151.09

- 1999.98 - 2487.34

226.72 596.44 853.57

77 .75 361.52 269.56 108 .01

1.04 121.60 430 .40

4 1 . 8 1 364 .55

17.01 428 .79 604.62 29.3.93 144.72 239.10

1576.11 566.16

- 1119.51 398 .11 250.28 145.82

- 6575.89

20

190.55 30 .63 94.36 47 .04 43 .35

2048.70 58 .81 49 .04 50.92 26.94 36 .98 23 .30 32.52 95 .74 38 .01 26 .61 47 .36 76.00

- 118.54 88 .44 21 .35 65 .96

116.97 70 .35

100.84 53.78

203.57 72 .76 72.35 20.79 90.22 41 .72 23 .78

2268.84 427.02 160.05

58 .19 235.69

44 .19 24.70

201.56 480 .66

51 .45 83 .86

212.64 47 .43

100 .95 91.24 57 .66 7 3 . 7 5

118.12 87.67

123.00 66.76

8.13 121.69

46 .61 199.43

26.17 6 .45

86.6S 19.02

149.19 50.65 67 . İS

128.64 4 9 9 . 2 !

21

79.82 282.13 163.15 305.42 417.17 957.42 392.29

- 421 .71 1995.62 1260.24

72 .89 206 .45

71.88 5 .08

203 .81 2603.07

648 .41 531.17

- 684.64 . 792.32

1024.61 302 .26

- 781 .26 603.29 94 .23

581.10 2395.95

270.32 570.18 281.68

1130.55 173.64 665.74

10319.29 4485.77

- 1719.81 75 .65

- 2125.29 219 .55 483 .11

- 1800.82 - 3815.78 - 575.67

74 .35 897 .23 429.47 494 .73 406 .83 559 .91 654 .74

- 1000.38 415 .35 587.52 458 .60 530.56

- 1289.36 282 .10

- 1347.65 734.57 814 .96 185 .61 110.50 234.87

5 .21 508 .13

- 1014.74 - 5835.25

TABLE II. Sectoral distribution of the number of exporters and importers

Sector No. of No. of „ , Sector Name _ T

Code Exporters Importers

1 Construction industry 38 29

2 Electricity, gas and water supply 13 54

3 Wholesale trade 16 51

4 Sales of food products 44 23

5 Sales of textiles 28 29

6 Sales of furniture 12 55

7 Sales of pharmacies, etc. 13 54

8 Sales of machines and motors 12 55

9 Sales of wood and construction materials 17 50

10 Insurance, banking and credit services 4 63

11 Railway transport at ion 26 41

12 Sea, river, lake transportation 15 52

13 Air transportation 5 62

14 Highway transportation 31 36

15 Travelling agencies 6 61

16 Storage facilities 7 60

17 Communication services 24 43

18 Administrative services 28 39

19 General services 43 24

20 Recreational services 9 58

21 Personal services 26 41

TABLE III. Group 1 : Aggregation of banking, air transport, shipping, storage and recreational services.

ADANA 0 1 ADIYAMAN 02 AFYON 0 1 AĞRI 04 AMASYA 0 5 ANKARA 06 ANTALYA 07 ARTVİN 0 8 AYDIN 09 BALIKESİR 10 Rtl .ECÎK 11 RÎNGfiL 1 ? B İ T L İ S 13 BOLU 14 BURDUR 15 BURSA 16 ÇANAKKALE 17 ÇANKIRI 18 CORUM 19 DENİZLİ 20 DİYARBAKIR 21 EDİRNE 22 ELAZIĞ 2 3 ERZİNCAN 24 ERZURUM 25 ESKİŞEHİR 26 GAZİANTEP 27 GİRESUN 2 8 GÜMÜŞHANE 29 HAKKARİ 30 HATAY 3 1 İSPARTA 32 İÇEL 3 3 İSTANBUL 34 İZMİR 35 KARS 36 KASTAMONU 37 KAYSERİ 38 KIRKLARELİ 39 KIRŞEHİR 40 KOCAELİ 4 1 KONYA 42 KÜTAHYA 4 3 MALATYA 44 MANİSA 4 5 MARAŞ 46 MARDİN 47 MUĞLA 4 8 MUŞ 49 NEVŞEHİR 50 NİĞDE 5 1 ORDU 52 RİZE 53 SAKARYA 54 SAMSUN 5 5 S İ İ R T 56 SİNOP 57 SİVAS 5 8 TEKİRDAĞ 59 TOKAT 60 TRABZON 6 1 TUNCELİ 62 URFA 63 UŞAK 64 VAN 65 YOZGAT 66 ZONGULDAK 67

T O T A L

<

0 1

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12

52

3 47

104

93 40

138

55

9

5 7 5

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02

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12

19

3 1

1 06

5 7 9 164

9 165 2 3 3

^ X 13 52

89 67

25

] 3 6 560 1 ? ? 1 ? 3

4 3 4 175 302

175 32

225 28

29 4

225 27

3 4 6

6 1

669

349

3 4 7 3 1 4

191 2 5 4 5 2 5 1 7 6 307

2 3 7 355

2 0 6 6 9

4 3 6 4 8 67

4 8 3

2 5 7 5 1 3

1 0 4 2 8

w

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8

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108

CO z < H <n

34

34 6

4 0 7 60 6 3

3 4 1 56 77

4 0 0 138

3 3

4 1 5 150 1 11 391

9 0 33 11 1?

3 2 0 12 90 73

123 15 8 6 17 63

199 156 2 5 3

X 4 6

4 0 5 2 7 4 5 5 5 3 0 6 141 8 2 7

1 3 5 6 3 4 6

15 117

9 ? 4 4 0 18 20 32

115 142 3 3 4

44 27

144 4 3

3 1 0 37

1 1 3 7

22 122

10

2 3 5 6

1 2 5 5 9

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35

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6 3 0 19? 4 7 8 2 2 5 2 9 6

359 185 202 4 0 7 138

9? 103 415 187 119 398 ? 7 6 5 9 3 2S6 156 3 2 0 4 4 6 265 375 130 242 118 2 7 2

94 2 4 6 191 361

46 7 0 0 3 1 3 9 0 1 3 0 6 2 0 2 8 2 7

21.16 3 5 8 3 4 6 747 4 6 4 4 7 9 3 4 6 2 2 1 2 7 4 5 5 7 2 9 1 4 4 9 3 3 4 2 8 1 528 169 712 3 1 0 4 7 3 161

9 3 714 1 4 1 2 2 7 5 1 3

2 3 5 6

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389 295

340 276

214 398

145

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w E L A Z I Ğ

£ E R Z İ N C A N

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S E S K İ Ş E H İ R

^ G A Z İ A N T E P

ro G İ R E S U N

S GÜMÜŞHANE

o H A K K A R İ

£ HATAY

£ İ S P A R T A

co

-

-

725 319

836 287

273 492

1631 676

388 785

O" t o o -

-t-a-

337 283

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281

105

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439 278

t o 437

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119 189

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£ İ S T A N B U L

S İ Z M l R

& KARS

^ KASTAMONU

& K A Y S E R İ

o K I R K L A R E L İ

o K I R Ş E H İ R

£ K O C A E L İ

£ KONYA

£ KÜTAHYA

£ MALATYA

S M A N I S A

£ MARAŞ

5 MARDİN

£ MUĞLA

£ MUŞ

S N E V Ş E H İ R

£ N İ Ğ D E

1 467

321 200

108 6

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İÜ SAMSUN

S S İ İ R T

TABLE IV. Group 2 : Aggregation of e l e c t r i c i t y , ^ lo lesa le t rade , furn i ture , phannasie, machinery, wood sa les , and sea t ranspor ta t ion

.J w

33

1

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29

1 9

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35

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37

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325

12

252

58

36

725

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185

19

115

319

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279

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100 439

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492

-

496

15

113 15

16

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116 7

26

304

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311

311

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218 160

378

1-1 OS 1-1

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18

150

229

379

g 19

260

1

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314

57

676 o

DENİZLİ

150

246 83

105

584

M

<: US <

21

33

192

225

z •M Q [ d

22

33

478

511

w ELAZIĞ

95

237

205

537

z < z

• 1 - 1 M W 24

17

81

110

126

55

389

Is]

w 25

17

28

83

167

295

a: •l-t H : w en-

en W

2 6

8

332

340

w H

•l-H

M

5 27

276

276

z en W 03 1-1

28

82

73

33

4

22

214

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en~

O

29

83

21

109

52

6 121

6

398

o HAKKARİ

46

51

47

1

145

I 31

36

6

14

56

<

% o. C/3 M

32

78

168 30

37

52

365

Table IV. 2

$3v

ADANA 01 ADIYAMAN 02 AFYON 03 AĞRI 04 AMASYA 05 ANKARA 06 ANTALYA 07 A R T V t N OR AYDIN 09 BALIKESİR 10 BİLECİK 11 BİNGÖL 12 BİTLİS 13 BOLU 14 BURDUR 15 BURSA 16 ÇANAKKALE 17 ÇANKIRI 18 ÇORUM 19 DENİZLİ 20 DİYARBAKIR 21 EDİRNE 22 ELAZIĞ 23 ERZİNCAN 24 ERZURUM 25 ESKİŞEHİR 26 GAZİANTEP 27 GİRESUN 28 GÜMÜŞHANE 29 HAKKARİ 30 HATAY 31 İSPARTA 32 İÇEL 33 İSTANBUL 34 ÎZMtP. 35 KARS 36 KASTAMONU 37 KAYSERİ 38 KIRKLARELİ 39 KIRŞEHİR 40 KOCAELİ 41 KONYA 42 KÜTAHYA 43 MALATYA 44 MANİSA 45 MARAŞ 46 MARDİN 47 MUĞLA 48 MUS 49 NEVŞEHİR 50 NİĞDE 51 ORDU 52 RlZE 53 SAKARYA 54 SAMSUN 55 SİİRT 56 SİNOP 57 SİVAS 58 TEKİRDAĞ 59 TOKAT 60 TRABZON 61 TUNCELİ 62 URFA 63 UŞAK 64 VAN 65 YOZGAT 66 ZONGULDAK 67

T O T A L

<

01

?99 T

42

405

23 5 478

1

1

U&4,

>• M

02

15

134

110

99

358

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03

3

36

3

269 16

89

26

442

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as <

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60

3 9?

5

206

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135

188

175

498

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2085

2085

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252

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173

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t o LJ fi

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t-1

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£ ELAZIĞ

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£ ERZURUM

£ ESKİŞEHİR

S GAZİANTEP

OT GİRESUN

S GÜMÜŞHANE

o HAKKARİ

£ HATAY

İCJ İSPARTA

I 1590 21421

2817 3892

1380

fi-

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603 948

5018 9726

1030

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632 369

856 1245

1967 1

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298

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284 139

LJ

672

337

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325 1089

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228 195

1094 714

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184 411

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981

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1922 167

369

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655 1720

133 2264

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£

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573

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108 241

648 2959

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to o

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370 404

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363

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780

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fi-t o

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1881 326

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208 142

382 133

14447 220

LJ Ov

1974 349

vt>

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Ln CO

vO 0 3

343

Ov

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k£

t o O LJ

283 259

S İÇEL

£ İSTANBUL

K İZMİR

& KARS

İJ KASTAMONU

£ KAYSERİ

î£ KIRKLARELİ

o KIRŞEHİR

£ KOCAELİ

£ KONYA

£ KÜTAHYA

£ MALATYA

£ MANİSA

£ MARAŞ

5 MARDİN

£ MUĞLA

£ MUŞ

o NEVŞEHİR

£ NİĞDE [ 117T 1774

324 389 25

334

I-1

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1 337

l 422 132 •c-

er.

LJ LJ

691

,

270

Ln Ln

-o

165

t o Ov

o

£ ORDU

£ RİZE

£ SAKARYA

S SAMSUN

S SİİRT

TABLE VT. Group 3 : Aggregation of textile sales, railway transport, highway transport, connunication, administrative and personal services

3 o in 14

341

19

170

77

100

OS P P oa 15

94

14

71

211

15

707 1 405

< ı/ı az P ta 16

259

940

756

72

10

2037

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96

76

281

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182

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177

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427

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111

387

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23

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173

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100

61

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1843

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212 234

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152

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157

801

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5

89

94

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W 26

366

366

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5 27

65

65

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28

262

14

276

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t/y

29

187

65 27

194

383 102

77

1035

4-1

30

57

148

324

529

>• 2 S 31

48

48

% Cu W 1-1 32

71

75 Table VI. 2

ADANA 01 ADIYAMAN 02 AFYON 03 AĞRI 04 AMASYA 05 ANKARA 06

ARTVİN 08 AYDIN 09 BALIKESİR 10 BÎLECtK 11 BİNGÖL 12 BİTLİS 13 BOLU 14 BURDUR 15 BURSA 16 ÇANAKKALE 17 ÇANKIRI 18 CORUM 19 DF.NÎZI.t ?n DİYARBAKIR 21 EDİRNE 22 ELAZIĞ 23 ERZİNCAN 24 ERZURUM 25 ESKİŞEHİR 26 GAZİANTEP 27 GİRESUN 28 GÜMÜŞHANE 29 HAKKARİ 30 HATAY 31 İSPARTA 32 İÇEL 33 İSTANBUL 34 İZMİR 35 KARS 36 KASTAMONU 37 KAYSERİ 38 KIRKLARELİ 39 KIRŞEHİR 40 KOCAELİ 41 KONYA 42 KÜTAHYA 4T MAIATYA 44 MANİSA 45 MARAŞ 46 MARDİN 47 MUĞLA 48 MUS 49 NEVŞEHİR 50 NİĞDE 51 ORDU 52. RİZE 53 SAKARYA 54 SAMSUN 55 SİİRT 56 SİNOP 57 SİVAS 58 TEKİRDAĞ 59 TOKAT 60 TRABZON 61 TUNCELİ 62 URFA 63 UŞAK 64 VAN 65 YOZGAT 66 ZONGULDAK 67

T O T A L

<: % a < 01

, l m

634

79 5

1328

2147

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S 02

80

97

202

66

94

4

543

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163

77

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151

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290

127

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1052

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177

582

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380 392

1388

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TVİN

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204

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1720

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3892

TABLE V. The optinun distribution system in wholesale trade among the iirportant centers

ADANA ADIYAMAN AFYON AĞRI AMASYA ANKARA ANTALYA ARTVİN AYDIN BALIKESİR BİLECİK BİNGÖL BİTLİS BOLU BURDUR BURSA ÇANAKKALE ÇANKIRI CORUM DENİZLİ DİYARBAKIR EDİRNE ELAZIĞ ERZİNCAN ERZURUM ESKİŞEHİR GAZİANTEP GİRESUN GÜMÜŞHANE HAKKARİ HATAY İSPARTA İÇEL İSTANBUL IZMIR KARS KASTAMONU KAYSERİ KIRKLARELİ KIRŞEHİR KOCAELİ KONYA KÜTAHYA MALATYA MANİSA MARAŞ MARDİN MUĞLA MUS NEVŞEHİR NlGDE ORDU RİZE SAKARYA SAMSUN SÎİRT SİNOP SİVAS TEKİRDAĞ TOKAT TRABZON TUNCET.t URFA UŞAK VAN YOZGAT ZONGULDAK

T O P L A M

ûl 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67

04

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analysis of rnterprovincial service flows for the

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