A&P I 2015 Exam 3A Name ___________________________________________________________

1) The medial end of the clavicle is also known as the ________ end.A) acromial B) sternalC) coracoidalD) manubrialE) scapular

2) The only direct connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton is where the A) clavicle articulates with the humerus. B) clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum. C) coxal bones articulate with the femur. D) vertebral column articulates with the sacrum. E) clavicle articulates with the xiphoid process.

3) The clavicle articulates with the scapulaA) laterally with the coracoid process.B) laterally with the glenoid cavity.C) laterally with the acromion.D) laterally with the manubrium.E) medially with the coracoid cavity.

Figure 8-1 The Scapula

Use Figure 8-1 to answer the following questions:

1

4) Identify the structure labeled "1." A) spine of scapulaB) scapular process C) acromion D) coracoid process E) scapular notch

5) Identify the structure labeled "2." A) glenoid cavity B) acetabulum C) scapular cavity D) scapular notch E) rotator cup

6) Which structure is the acromion?A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

7) Identify the structure labeled "7." A) acromion B) scapular process C) spine of scapula D) coracoid process E) scapular notch

8) In the anatomical position, the ulna is located ________ to the radius. A) distal B) proximal C) medial D) superior E) lateral

9) Which of the following is not an upper limb bone?A) ulnaB) radiusC) humerusD) metatarsalsE) carpals

10) Which of the following is not a tarsal bone?A) medial cuneiformB) anterior cuneiformC) cuboidD) navicularE) talus

11) Another name for the first toe is

2

A) hallux. B) pollex. C) hyoid. D) lateral cuneiform. E) phalanx.

Figure 8-3 The Femur

Use Figure 8-3 to answer the following questions:

12) Which structure articulates with the acetabulum? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 5 E) 9

3

13) Identify the diaphysis of the femur. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 7

14) Identify the structure labeled "2." A) greater trochanter B) linea aspera C) head D) lateral epicondyle E) lateral condyle

15) Identify the structure labeled "12." A) greater trochanter B) linea aspera C) head D) lateral epicondyle E) lateral condyle

16) Identify the structure labeled "3." A) greater trochanter B) lesser trochanter C) head D) lateral epicondyle E) lateral condyle

4

Figure 8-4 Bones of the Ankle and Foot

Use Figure 8-4 to answer the following questions:

17) Identify the bones labeled "9." A) metatarsals B) carpals C) metacarpals D) tarsals E) coxae

5

18) Identify the bones named for their wedge shape.A) 3B) 8C) 7D) 1E) 2

19) On which bone does the tibia press? A) 1 B) 7 C) 9 D) 2 E) 3

20) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the male pelvis? A) heavy, rough textured bone B) heart-shaped pelvic inlet C) angle of pubic arch greater than 100 degrees D) relatively deep iliac fossa E) ilia extend far above sacrum

21) The clearest distinction between a male and female skeleton is seen in the characteristics of the A) skull. B) pelvis. C) sacrum. D) teeth. E) thoracic cage.

22) Which of the following is a not characteristic of the female pelvis? A) triangular obturator foramen B) coccyx points anteriorly C) sacrum broad and short D) bone markings not very prominent E) ischial spine points posteriorly

23) The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower extremities and their supporting elements called A) joints.B) girdles.C) sutures.D) ball and socket.E) rotator cuffs.

24) The girdles of the appendicular skeleton support the bones of the A) shoulder.B) hip.C) thoracic cage.D) limbs.E) vertebrae.

6

25) Two prominent features of the clavicle are the conoid tubercle at the lateral end and the ________ tuberosity at the medial end. A) costalB) sternalC) acromialD) deltoidE) scapular

26) The scapula articulates with the humerus at the ________ joint.A) acroglenoB) acrohumoralC) glenohumoralD) glenoscapularE) humeroscapular

27) Which of the following is a recognized function of skeletal muscle? A) produce movement B) maintain posture C) maintain body temperature D) guard body entrances and exitsE) All of the answers are correct.

28) At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium, come together to form a A) tendon. B) satellite cell.C) ligament. D) tenosynovium. E) sheath.

29) Put the following structures in order from superficial to deep.1. muscle fiber2. perimysium3. myofibril4. fascicle5. endomysium6. epimysium A) 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6 B) 6, 2, 5, 4, 1, 3 C) 6, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3 D) 1, 3, 5, 6, 4, 2 E) 2, 3, 1, 4, 6, 5

30) The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n) A) fascicle. B) tendon. C) ligament. D) epimysium. E) myofibril.

31) In a sarcomere, the central portion of thick filaments are linked laterally by proteins of the A) Z line. B) M line. C) H band. D) A band. E) I band.

7

32) The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is the ability toA) contract much more forcefully. B) produce more ATP with little oxygen. C) store extra DNA for metabolism. D) produce large amounts of muscle proteins. E) produce nutrients for muscle contraction.

Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber

Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions:

33) Identify the structure labeled "1." A) mitochondria B) glycogen C) ATP D) myofibril E) synaptic vesicle

34) Which of the following are found in the structure labeled "3"?A) actinB) myosin C) titinD) tropomyosinE) All of the answers are correct.

35) What physiological process occurs in the structure labeled "7"? A) release of neurotransmitter B) conduction of the action potential into the cell interiorC) activity of acetylcholinesterase D) release of protein and calcium ions into the muscle fiber E) opening of sodium channels and subsequent influx of sodium

8

36) What is released from the structure labeled "9"? A) sarcoplasm B) acetylcholine C) protein D) calcium ions E) acetylcholinesterase

37) Where would calcium ions be predominately found? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 8 E) 9

38) Active sites on the actin become available for binding after A) actin binds to troponin. B) troponin binds to tropomyosin. C) calcium binds to troponin. D) calcium binds to tropomyosin. E) myosin binds to troponin.

39) Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the A) synaptic knob. B) motor end plate. C) sarcomere. D) synaptic cleft. E) transverse tubule.

9

Figure 10-2 Muscle Contractions

Use Figure 10-2 to answer the following questions:

40) What is the contraction in graph (a) called? A) complete tetanus B) incomplete tetanus C) twitch D) wave summation E) treppe

41) What is thought to happen in a muscle during the response shown in graph (a)? A) It is strengthening with exercise. B) There is a gradual increase in calcium ion concentration in the sarcoplasm. C) It is fatigued and must make repeated efforts to twitch normally. D) It is aged and has lost contractile proteins. E) It is producing more ATP as tension increases.

10

42) To produce a contraction similar to the one in graph (b), the muscle A) must be stimulated to the point of fatigue. B) must be stimulated again before it has relaxed from the previous stimulation. C) is excited by a stimulus of increasing intensity. D) must go through a rapid series of isolated twitches. E) generates more and more thin and thick filaments.

43) After heavy exercise, if energy reserves in a muscle are depleted, ________ occurs. A) an oxygen debt B) paralysis C) treppe D) tetanus E) atrophy

44) During the recovery period following exercise, all of the following are true except A) lactic acid is removed from muscle cells. B) the muscle actively produces ATP. C) muscle fibers are unable to contract. D) oxygen is consumed at above the resting rate. E) heat is generated.

45) Large-diameter, densely packed myofibrils, large glycogen reserves, and few mitochondria are characteristics of A) slow fibers. B) intermediate fibers. C) fast fibers. D) red muscles. E) fatty muscles.

46) Which of the following types of muscle fibers are best adapted for prolonged contraction such as standing all day? A) uninucleated fibers B) striated fibers C) fast fibers D) slow fibers E) intermediate fibers

47) Communication between axons and muscle fibers occurs at specialized synapses called A) nervous units.B) synaptic terminals.C) motor end plates.D) motor units.E) neuromuscular junctions.

48) A single contraction-relaxation cycle in a muscle fiber produces a(n) A) cramp.B) twitch.C) tetanic contraction.D) action potential.E) motor unit.

49) In a ________ muscle, the fascicles are concentrically arranged around an opening. A) convergent B) parallel C) straight D) pennate E) circular

11

50) Most of the skeletal muscles in the body are ________ muscles. A) convergent B) parallel C) straight D) pennate E) circular

51) A lever consists of A) a tendon and a muscle. B) a rigid structure. C) a fulcrum. D) a bone, a muscle, and a nerve.E) a rigid structure and a fulcrum.

52) A(n) ________ is a muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement. A) prime moverB) motor-unit C) antagonist D) oppositionE) synergist

53) Which of these phrases most aptly describes "muscle insertion"?A) broad tendon sheetB) connective tissue that surrounds a single muscle fiberC) tendon attachment that doesn't moveD) tendon attachment that movesE) connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle

54) Muscles that insert on the olecranon process of the ulna can act to A) flex the forearm. B) extend the forearm. C) abduct the forearm. D) adduct the forearm. E) extend the carpals.

55) A muscle that assists the muscle that is primarily responsible for a given action is a(n) A) agonist. B) antagonist. C) synergist. D) originator. E) levator.

56) Muscles including the term capitis would be found within or attached to the A) head. B) neck. C) thorax. D) abdomen. E) groin.

57) Muscles with fibers that run parallel to the long axis of the body are called A) lateralis. B) transversus. C) rectus. D) obliquus. E) medialis.

12

58) The bones that form the fingers are the A) carpals. B) tarsals. C) metacarpals. D) metatarsals. E) phalanges.

59) Each of the following terms is a descriptive term for a muscle's action exceptA) levator. B) pronator. C) extensor.D) sartorius. E) adductor.

60) Muscles located entirely within an organ are called A) internus. B) extrinsic. C) profundus. D) intrinsic. E) externus.

Xtra Credit ( 1 point each)

1) Which of the following is not an age-related change in the skeleton? A) closure of the fontanels B) bone remodelingC) reduction in mineral content D) appearance of major vertebral curves E) fusion of the coxal bones

2) On a field trip you discover a skeleton with the following characteristics: the acetabulum is directed laterally, the ischial spine points medially, and the angle inferior to the pubic symphysis is less than 90 degrees. The long bones of the arms and legs are relatively light and show epiphyseal plates. This skeleton is probably from A) a young male. B) a young female. C) an elderly male. D) an elderly female. E) It is impossible to determine based on this information.

3) The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. What is the correct sequence of these events?1. Myosin cross-bridges bind to the actin.2. The free myosin head splits ATP.3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.4. The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere.5. Calcium ion binds to troponin.6. The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from the actin.A) 1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 2B) 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 3 C) 3, 5, 1, 2, 4, 6 D) 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2 E) 1, 4, 6, 2, 3, 5

4) Which of the following statements about excitation-contraction coupling is incorrect?

13

A) Calcium ions travel through the transverse tubule.B) Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.C) Tropomyosin moves to expose myosin binding sites on actin.D) Troponin binds calcium ion and signals tropomyosin to move.E) Relaxation requires uptake of calcium ion by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

5) Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters that are released by ________ when the action potential arrives.A) endocytosisB) apoptosisC) exocytosisD) hydrolysisE) sodium

14