an waste dr hammad

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AN ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIALWASTE TREATMENT AT SMALL

INDUSTRIAL ESTATEABBOTTABAD

Dr. Hammad Habib

Roll no. 07 (MSPH-2009)


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INTRODUCTION & LITERATURENTRODUCTION & LITERATUREREVIEWEVIEW

Pakistan, like other developing countries, is facingPakistan, like other developing countries, is facingsimilar threats of depletion of ozone layer, globalsimilar threats of depletion of ozone layer, globalwarming, natural resource degradation andwarming, natural resource degradation andenvironmental pollution. Resources were augmented toenvironmental pollution. Resources were augmented todevelop numerous industrial estates in all corners ofdevelop numerous industrial estates in all corners ofthe countrythe country

Sindh contains the largest number of industrial estatesSindh contains the largest number of industrial estates

(24), Punjab has established 20 industrial estates(24), Punjab has established 20 industrial estatesfollowed by 15 in NWFP, 10 in Baluchistan and 3 infollowed by 15 in NWFP, 10 in Baluchistan and 3 inFederal Capital Area, IslamabadFederal Capital Area, Islamabad 1515 ..

Small Industrial Estate AbbottabadSmall Industrial Estate Abbottabad is located inis located inthe Abbottabad city. It is on the left of main Qarakuramthe Abbottabad city. It is on the left of main Qarakuramhighway to Mansehra city. Major industries here includehighway to Mansehra city. Major industries here include

the marble, sugar and food, ceramics, shoes andthe marble, sugar and food, ceramics, shoes andchapel making, vegetable oil and ghee etc. It ischapel making, vegetable oil and ghee etc. It isadjacent to Ayub medical complex hospital and inadjacent to Ayub medical complex hospital and insurroundings there are many schools as well.surroundings there are many schools as well.


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Industrial wasteIndustrial waste is a type of waste produced byis a type of waste produced by

industrial activity, such as that of factories, mills andindustrial activity, such as that of factories, mills and

mines.mines.

Toxic wasteToxic waste andand chemical wastechemical waste are two designationsare two designations

of industrial waste.of industrial waste.

Sewage treatmentSewage treatment can be used to cleancan be used to clean waterwatertaintedtainted

with industrial wastewith industrial waste

Solid waste management (SWM)Solid waste management (SWM) isis the process ofthe process of

collection, transportation, storage, processing,collection, transportation, storage, processing,

monitoring, recycling and disposal of wastes.monitoring, recycling and disposal of wastes.

(Wikepedia)(Wikepedia)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_waste


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Various methods of solid waste management includeVarious methods of solid waste management include

sanitary landfill, recycling, composting, waste tosanitary landfill, recycling, composting, waste to

energy method, incinerators, etc.energy method, incinerators, etc. landfilllandfillinvolves burying waste; If properly-designedinvolves burying waste; If properly-designed

and well-managed, can be a hygienic and relativelyand well-managed, can be a hygienic and relatively

inexpensive method of disposing of waste materialsinexpensive method of disposing of waste materials

IncinerationIncineration is a disposal method that involvesis a disposal method that involves

combustioncombustion of waste material. used to dispose ofof waste material. used to dispose of

solid, liquid and gaseous waste. Used at bothsolid, liquid and gaseous waste. Used at both

individual & the industrial levelindividual & the industrial level waste reductionwaste reduction is prevention of waste materialis prevention of waste material

being createdbeing created

Industrial wastewater treatmentIndustrial wastewater treatment
http://www.answers.com/topic/combustionhttp://www.answers.com/topic/combustionhttp://www.answers.com/topic/combustion


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WASTE HIERARCHYWASTE HIERARCHY

The waste hierarchy refers to The waste hierarchy refers tothe "3 Rs"the "3 Rs"

reducereduce,, reusereuseandandrecyclerecycle,,

which classify wastewhich classify wastemanagement strategiesmanagement strategiesaccording to their desirabilityaccording to their desirabilityin terms ofin terms ofwaste minimizationwaste minimization..

The aim of the waste hierarchyThe aim of the waste hierarchy

is to extract the maximumis to extract the maximumpractical benefits frompractical benefits fromproducts and to generate theproducts and to generate theminimum amount of wasteminimum amount of waste

(wikepedia)(wikepedia)
http://www.answers.com/topic/waste-hierarchyhttp://www.answers.com/topic/waste-hierarchyhttp://www.answers.com/topic/waste-minimisationhttp://www.answers.com/topic/waste-minimisationhttp://www.answers.com/topic/reusehttp://www.answers.com/topic/reusehttp://www.answers.com/topic/recyclinghttp://www.answers.com/topic/recyclinghttp://www.answers.com/topic/waste-minimisationhttp://www.answers.com/topic/waste-minimisationhttp://www.answers.com/topic/waste-minimisationhttp://www.answers.com/topic/recyclinghttp://www.answers.com/topic/reusehttp://www.answers.com/topic/waste-minimisationhttp://www.answers.com/topic/waste-hierarchy


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Situation in Pakistanituation in Pakistan Total number of registered industries in Pakistan isTotal number of registered industries in Pakistan is

estimated to be 6634 out of which 1278 are consideredestimated to be 6634 out of which 1278 are consideredhighly toxichighly toxic

Some industries and factories dump their solid and liquidSome industries and factories dump their solid and liquidwastes in spaces adjacent to these sites, sewer, nullahs,wastes in spaces adjacent to these sites, sewer, nullahs,and streamsand streams

In Pakistan, only 3 percent of the total industrial unitsIn Pakistan, only 3 percent of the total industrial unitstreat their wastes while the rest discharges untreatedtreat their wastes while the rest discharges untreatedeffluent into rivers, lakes and seaeffluent into rivers, lakes and sea


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Hazardous Substances and Wastes/PEPA-1997Hazardous Substances and Wastes/PEPA-1997

Section 13Section 13

no person shall import hazardous waste into Pakistan and itsno person shall import hazardous waste into Pakistan and itsterritorial waters, Exclusive Economic Zone and historic watersterritorial waters, Exclusive Economic Zone and historic waters

Section 14Section 14

Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall generate,Subject to the provisions of this Act, no person shall generate,collect, consign, transport, treat, dispose of, store, handle or importcollect, consign, transport, treat, dispose of, store, handle or import

any hazardous substances except:any hazardous substances except: a)a) Under a license issued by the Federal Agency and in suchUnder a license issued by the Federal Agency and in such

manner as may bemanner as may be prescribed; orprescribed; or

b)b) in accordance with the provisions of any other law for thein accordance with the provisions of any other law for thetime being in forcetime being in force or of any international treaty, convention,or of any international treaty, convention,

protocol, code, standard,protocol, code, standard, agreement or other instrument to whichagreement or other instrument to whichPakistan is a partyPakistan is a party5,85,8 ..


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RATIONALE

Small industrial estateAbbottabadnot only has got itsimportance due to its productionbut is also very important withrespect to its location

Adjacent to Ayub medical complex

Nearby highly populated area withchildren schools

college and the hostel areas areextremely close to it

employees and medical

professional staff, doctors,students and local community areall exposed

No study has so far beenconduced 0n waste treatment here

AMC

SIE


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AIM:AIM:

To highlight importance of proper industrial wasteTo highlight importance of proper industrial waste

treatment in community and improve industrialtreatment in community and improve industrial

waste treatment in different industries of Pakistanwaste treatment in different industries of Pakistan

OBJECTIVE:OBJECTIVE: To assess and describe waste treatment at smallTo assess and describe waste treatment at small

industrial estate Abbottabad.industrial estate Abbottabad.

To identify weak areas and flaws during this wasteTo identify weak areas and flaws during this wastetreatment.treatment.


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METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY

Study designStudy design Cross sectional descriptive studyCross sectional descriptive study

Sample size & techniqueSample size & technique

Covenience sampling (Non-probability);Covenience sampling (Non-probability);

All the industries present in the area will be includedAll the industries present in the area will be included LocatinLocatin

Small industrial estate Abbottabad.Small industrial estate Abbottabad.

DurationDuration Three (03) months.Three (03) months.


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ETHICAL ISSUESETHICAL ISSUES;;

Written permission from the ethical committee of HealthWritten permission from the ethical committee of Health

Services Academy & concerned authorities will be taken.Services Academy & concerned authorities will be taken. A written informed consent will be prepared and explained to theA written informed consent will be prepared and explained to the

participants in details in national and the local languages.participants in details in national and the local languages.

Inclusion criteria:Inclusion criteria:

Those who agree for participation in the study will be includedThose who agree for participation in the study will be includedin the study. Participants should have been working in thein the study. Participants should have been working in theindustries for at least one year.industries for at least one year.

Exclusion criteria:Exclusion criteria:

Those who do not agree or refuse for participation in the studyThose who do not agree or refuse for participation in the studywill be excluded from the study & those who have worked lestwill be excluded from the study & those who have worked lestthan one year in the industrythan one year in the industry


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MaterialsMaterials Written permission from the concerned authorities willWritten permission from the concerned authorities will

be taken.be taken. Semi-structured questionnaire will be made.Semi-structured questionnaire will be made. A checklist will be made for visiting the facility.A checklist will be made for visiting the facility. Pilot testing will be done in one of the factories atPilot testing will be done in one of the factories at

Hattar industrial estate.Hattar industrial estate.

Written informed consent from the person beingWritten informed consent from the person beinginterviewed will be taken.interviewed will be taken. A team will be hired and trained for the collection ofA team will be hired and trained for the collection of

data.data. SPSS version 16 will be used for statistical analysis.SPSS version 16 will be used for statistical analysis.

Frequencies will be generated.Frequencies will be generated.

Chi square tests will be applied where required.Chi square tests will be applied where required. GISGIS (geographical information system) /(geographical information system) / healthhealth

mapermaperfor maping of the locationfor maping of the location Overall will take 3 monthsOverall will take 3 months


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QUESTIONNAIRE:QUESTIONNAIRE: Interviewer name:Interviewer name: Date:Date: Age / Sex:Age / Sex: Duration of service:Duration of service:

Name of the industry:Name of the industry: Reg. noReg. no How is the industrial waste managed:How is the industrial waste managed: a. Landfillinga. Landfilling b. Recyclingb. Recycling c. Compostingc. Composting d. Incinerationd. Incineration e. Otherse. Others Are the management staff familiar with the rules?Are the management staff familiar with the rules? Have the management staff got a copy of the rules?Have the management staff got a copy of the rules? Are the rules applied for waste treatment?Are the rules applied for waste treatment?

Is there a waste treatment management team?Is there a waste treatment management team? If yes, what is the composition of the team?If yes, what is the composition of the team? a. According to rulea. According to rule b. According to their own willb. According to their own will c. Nilc. Nil Is there a proper treatment plan present?Is there a proper treatment plan present? Has budget been allocated for the waste treatment purpose?Has budget been allocated for the waste treatment purpose? Is the budget properly spent for the waste treatment purpose?Is the budget properly spent for the waste treatment purpose? Is there a regular inspection of whole process by the management team?Is there a regular inspection of whole process by the management team?

How often is the factory visited by the government personal for monitoring?How often is the factory visited by the government personal for monitoring? Are there some techniques for:Are there some techniques for: (3Rs)(3Rs) a. Reducea. Reduce b. Reuseb. Reuse c. Recyclec. Recycle


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WORK PLANWORK PLAN Plan is made for a total of three months.Plan is made for a total of three months. A team will be made for data collection from the local area.A team will be made for data collection from the local area.

It will be consisting of persons who are at least graduate. AIt will be consisting of persons who are at least graduate. Atotal of four persons will be hired for a period of one monthtotal of four persons will be hired for a period of one monthand further divided into two subgroups.and further divided into two subgroups.

The team will then be trained to take data according to theThe team will then be trained to take data according to thedesigned questionnaire. The training and then reassessmentdesigned questionnaire. The training and then reassessment

of the team will be done.of the team will be done.

At least six to eight factories will be selected for visit andAt least six to eight factories will be selected for visit andeach one will be visited by at least two members at a sameeach one will be visited by at least two members at a sametime. Five days will be given to take detailed data of each oftime. Five days will be given to take detailed data of each ofthe factory. 1 day extra will be reserved if needed.the factory. 1 day extra will be reserved if needed.

All the time the team will be working under constantAll the time the team will be working under constant

supervision & contact.supervision & contact. The teams will have to submit the report on the last day ofThe teams will have to submit the report on the last day of

their factory visit.their factory visit. After collection of data, detailed analysis of the data will beAfter collection of data, detailed analysis of the data will be

done.done.

Future recommendations and suggestions will be madeFuture recommendations and suggestions will be madeaccording to the findingsaccording to the findings


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BUDGET:BUDGET:

SalariesSalaries

TransportTransport

PerdiemsPerdiems StationaryStationary

PrintingPrinting

MiscellaneousMiscellaneous Grand total (Rs) = 53000Grand total (Rs) = 53000


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EXPECTED RECOMMENDATIONSXPECTED RECOMMENDATIONS

This study is expected to bring out some extremelyThis study is expected to bring out some extremelyimportant realities in respect of different treatmentimportant realities in respect of different treatment

strategies adapted and practiced in the small industrialstrategies adapted and practiced in the small industrial

estate. This will help us to focus on special flaws andestate. This will help us to focus on special flaws and

built further future strategies to bring out beneficial built further future strategies to bring out beneficialchanges in the waste treatment. Policy makers arechanges in the waste treatment. Policy makers are

expected to be benefited by this study and get someexpected to be benefited by this study and get some

better concepts for future planning. Industrial staff is better concepts for future planning. Industrial staff isalso expected to get some ideas for improving theiralso expected to get some ideas for improving their

techniques. In the long term overall improvement istechniques. In the long term overall improvement is

expected in all different areas of environmentalexpected in all different areas of environmental

healthhealth..


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THANK YOUHANK YOUALLLL


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REFERENCES:REFERENCES: 1.1. Victoria Government Gazette SPECIAL No. S 183 Tuesday 5 December 2000Victoria Government Gazette SPECIAL No. S 183 Tuesday 5 December 2000 2.2. Case Study: Dumping of Hazardous Industrial Waste In S.I.T.E. Adnan Millwala andCase Study: Dumping of Hazardous Industrial Waste In S.I.T.E. Adnan Millwala and

Erum HaiderErum Haider July 2006)July 2006) 3.3. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B Sial et al. /Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B Sial et al. / J Zhejiang Univ SCIENCE B 2006 7(12):974-980 doi:10.1631/jzus.2006.B0974J Zhejiang Univ SCIENCE B 2006 7(12):974-980 doi:10.1631/jzus.2006.B0974

4.4. Mufti, S.A., Woods, C.A., Hasan, S.A., 1997. Biodiversity of Pakistan.Mufti, S.A., Woods, C.A., Hasan, S.A., 1997. Biodiversity of Pakistan. Pakistan Museum Natural History, Islamabad.Pakistan Museum Natural History, Islamabad.

5.5. Government of Pakistan, 1991. The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy.Government of Pakistan, 1991. The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy.Environment andEnvironment and Urban Affair Division,Islamabad, PakistanUrban Affair Division,Islamabad, Pakistan

6.6. Journal of Drainage and Water Management, Vol.6(2) July-December 2002Journal of Drainage and Water Management, Vol.6(2) July-December 2002 7.7. PNCS (1992). Pakistan National Conservation StrategyPNCS (1992). Pakistan National Conservation Strategy 8.8. Solid waste and pollution Silent killers by. Sohail Raza Dodhy, Copyright 2007Solid waste and pollution Silent killers by. Sohail Raza Dodhy, Copyright 2007

Ptj.com.pkPtj.com.pk 9.9. WikepediaWikepedia

10.10. http://www.bookrags.com/research/industrial-waste-treatment-enve-01/http://www.bookrags.com/research/industrial-waste-treatment-enve-01/ 11.11. Abbas, S.T., 1991. Salt Toleration in Pakistan Rice Varieties through Tissue Culture.Abbas, S.T., 1991. Salt Toleration in Pakistan Rice Varieties through Tissue Culture.

Ph.D Thesis,Ph.D Thesis, MDS University, Ajmeer, India.MDS University, Ajmeer, India.

12.12. Agarwal, S.K., 1999. Studies on the effect of the auto exhaust emission on theAgarwal, S.K., 1999. Studies on the effect of the auto exhaust emission on theMitragyna patriflora.Mitragyna patriflora. Master Thesis, MDS University, Ajmeer, India.Master Thesis, MDS University, Ajmeer, India.

13.13. Ali, K., Javid, M.A., Javid, M., 1996. Pollution and Industrial Waste. 6th NationalAli, K., Javid, M.A., Javid, M., 1996. Pollution and Industrial Waste. 6th NationalCongress SoilCongress Soil Sci., Lahore, p.122-131.Sci., Lahore, p.122-131.

14.14. Haas, C.N., and R.J. Vamos. Hazardous and Industrial Waste Treatment. EnglewoodHaas, C.N., and R.J. Vamos. Hazardous and Industrial Waste Treatment. EnglewoodCliffs: PrenticeCliffs: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1995.Hall, Inc., 1995.

15.15. http://www.apo-tokyo.org/gp/e_publi/penang_symp/Penang_Symp_P159-166.pdfhttp://www.apo-tokyo.org/gp/e_publi/penang_symp/Penang_Symp_P159-166.pdf
http://www.bookrags.com/research/industrial-waste-treatment-enve-01/http://www.bookrags.com/research/industrial-waste-treatment-enve-01/http://www.bookrags.com/research/industrial-waste-treatment-enve-01/

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