An Overview of Sudden Death Syndrome in Soybean (Glycine max)

and Molecular Resistance Mechanisms to its Causal Agent, Fusarium virguliforme

By Chloe SiegelJasmonic acid

Ethylene

Salicylic acid

Oxygen

Introduction• Symptoms: discoloration, shriveling, and pod abortion in soybeans (Kazi et al.

2008; Westphal et al. 2008; Wrather et al. 1995)• Translocation of phytotoxins from fungus throughout plant• 61,766,881 bushels of lost yield in 2014 (Bradly et al. 2014)• Yield loss between 20%-46% (Hartman et al. 1995; Scherm & Yang 1996)• Hundreds of millions of dollars in lost revenues (Gongora-canul 2010)

Pioneer Pioneer NC State University University of Illinois

Pathogen Contraction Process• Funguses like: Cool, moist, densely planted soils.• Tools for prevention: Late planting (Shaner et al. 2004; Westphal et al. 2008;

Wrather et al. 1995; X. B. Yang 2007), as well as crop rotation, tillage, weed removal and increased drainage (Roy et al. 1997; Rupe et al. 1997; Shaner et al. 2004; United Soybean Board 2015; Wrather et al. 1995; Westphal et al. 2008). • Contraction=during seedling stage (roots), noticeable symptoms=repro. stage

Southeast Farm Press University of Illinois Gothrasher.com

Proteins Responsible for Damage• FvTox1, works by interfering with the photosynthetic process, inducing leaf

chlorosis and other foliar symptoms (Brar et al. 2011, Pudake et al. 2013).• FvNIS1, causes interveinal chlorosis and necrosis along with scattered leaf

spots and defoliation (Chang et al. 2015).• 17-kDa proteinous polypeptide, linked with leaf and cotyledon necrosis and

leaf drop (Jin et al. 1996).

Current Genetics (2013).

Chemical Hormones Pathways & Other Defense Mechanisms• Response to semibiotrophic pathogen• Defense hormones: salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid,

auxin, gibberellic acid, cytokinin, and brassinosteroids (Bari & Jones 2009).• Salicylic acid=plentiful in more resistant plants (Kunkle & Brooks

2002), more active in biotrophs than necrotrophs (Glazebrook 2005). • Mutants unable to produce jasmonic acid=more susceptible (Kunkle &

Brooks 2002).• Once infected, “oxidative bursts” (Levine et al. 1994), followed by

programmed cell death (Greenberg et al. 1994).

Salicylic acid- Wikimedia.org

Oxygen-Wordpress.com

Jasmonic acid-Wikipedia.org

Resistant Cultivars?• Currently no highly-resistant cultivars• Spectrum of resistance • Future research focus on genetic basis for resistance with goal of

creating more highly-resistant cultivars.

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Questions?