an overview of brazilian actions regarding sustainability of biofuels
DESCRIPTION
Presentation of Manoel Regis Leal for the "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"Apresentação de Manoel Regis Leal realizada no "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle "Date / Data : Novr 11th - 12th 2009/ 11 e 12 de novembro de 2009 Place / Local: CTBE, Campinas, Brazil Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop5TRANSCRIPT
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Context
• Fastgrowthofbiofuelsproduc1onstar1ng2003;• BiofuelsunderaIack:noGHGreduc1onbenefits,nega1veimpactsonfoodproduc1on,biodiversitylosses,laborissues;
• Severalini1a1vesonbiofuelssustainabilitycriteria,tendingtobecomecer1fica1onprocedures:EUDirec1ve,RFS2(USA),LCFS(California),RSB(Switzerland),RTFO(UK),GBEP(G8+5),BSI(WWF,other),CramerReport(Holland)
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BrazilianAc1vi1es
Someverygoodini1a1vestakingplacebutlackaNa1onalCoordina1on
• SugarcaneAgroecologicalZoning;• SPAgroenvironmentalZoning;• EnvironmentalProtocolsinSPandMG;
• INMETROBrazilianBiofuelsCer1fica1onProgram;• Na1onalAgreementtoImproveLaborCondi1ons;
• Par1cipa1oninGBEP,RSB,BSI;• Brazil/Germanyini1a1vetoproposeISO/PC248Sustainability
CriteriaforBioenergy(ABNT/INMETRO/DIN)
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LessonsFromIni1a1vesAbroad• MainfocusstronglyonGHGnetemissionreduc1ons(limitsdefined);
• Compe11onwithfoodsupplyconcerns;
• Biodiversityprotec1on;• Waterandsoilconserva1on;
• Wastemanagement;
• Socialissues:welfare(labor,humanrights,property,socialcondi1ons);
• Wealth:impactsonlocalpopula1on
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HowToMeasure?
• Criteriaandindicators
• Typesofindicators– Processindicator:evidencethatofaspecificac1onwastaken(qualita1ve)
– Performanceindicator:quan1tavedefini1onoftargets
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Regula1onsAlreadyinEffect
• EUDirec1ve2009/28/EC
• RenewableFuelStandard2(EISAof2007):EPA
• LowCarbonFuelStandard:CARB
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EUDirec1veKeyPoints• Targetforrenewableenergyshareintransportof10%in2020;
• Ar1cle17:SustainabilityCriteriaforBiofuelsandBioliquids;AppendixVLCAproceduresanddata;
• GHGreduc1onlimits:35%(2013),50%(2018)and60%fornewplants(01/01/2017);
• Favor2Gbiofuelsandfeedstocksfromdegradedland;
• LUCincludedbutILUCwillbesuggestedbyDec/2010;
• DefaultvaluesforbiofuelsLCA.
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EUDirec1veDefaultValues
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RenewableFuelStandard2
• FourtypesofbiofuelsbasedonfeedstocksandGHGreduc1ons
• Biofuelsdemandwillreach136GL(36Ggalons)in2022(marketshare)
• GHGemissionreduc1ons(baseline2005):20%forplantsbuiltajerdec/2007;50%foradvancedbiofuels,60%for2Gbiofuels
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EPALCAEmissionReduc1onValues
TypeofBiofuel 100years2%discountrate
(%)
30years0%discountrate
(%)
Cornethanol(NGdrymill) ‐16 +5
Cornethanol(NGdrymillbestcase) ‐39 ‐18
Cornethanol(coaldrymill) +13 +34
Cornethanol(biomassdrymill) ‐39 ‐18
Cornethanol(biomassdrymill/cogen) ‐47 ‐26
Soybeansbiodiesel ‐22 +4
Tallowbiodiesel ‐80 ‐80
Sugarcaneethanol ‐44 ‐26
Switchgrassethanol ‐128 ‐124
Cornstoverethanol ‐115 ‐116
Source: EPA, 2009
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LowCarbonFuelStandard(CARB)
• Target:reduceGHGemissionsintransportin10%by2020(Inrela1onto1990levels);
• Reduceoildependence;• LCA:considerLUC/ILUC• Sustainabilitycriteria:tobeproposedin2013• DefaultvaluesforGHGemissionsindifferentfuelpaths
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LCFSDefaultValues
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SuggestedAc1onsforBrazil
• Movetowardbiofuelsustainabilitysystem;• Developandcer1fyLCAmethodologyforourcondi1ons,
includingLUC/ILUC;• Createadatabaseforthecri1calitems,speciallyconcerning
LUC/ILUC,soilemissions,wateruse;• Makethebestuseofthesugarcanezoningsystems,
environmentalprotocols,laboragreementstoshowcompliancewithprocessindicatorsforbiodiversity,LUC,foodsafety,etc.;
• Iden1fyareasforGHGandenergybalancesimprovementsandinvestintechnologydevelopmentforthem;
• MovefromdefensetoaIack.
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ImportantPlayers• Privatesector
– UNICA,CTC,Severalmills,Icone
• Publicins1tu1ons– Ridesa,Embrapa,Apta,Universi1es
• Government– MRE,MCT,MAPA,MDIC,MMA,SP‐SMA
• WorkerOrganiza1ons• NGO’sButcoordina:onisrequired
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BrazilianBiofuelsSustainabilityAlterna1ves
• GBEP:GlobalBioenergyPartnership
• ISO/PC248ProjectCommiIeeonSustainabilityCriteriaforBioenergy
• BSIandRSB
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GBEP
• Itisanofficialini1a1ve;• InvolvesG8+5andotherstodevelopcriteriaandindicatorsforsustainability:relevant,prac1calandsciencebasedforvoluntaryapplica1on;geographicscaletakeninaccount;
• Sub‐groups:environmental,social,andeconomicandenergysecurity;
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ISO/PC248
• Scope:standardiza1oninthefieldofsustainabilitycriteriaforbioenergy;
• EstablishedbytheISOTechnicalManagementBoardResolu1on124/2009;
• SixWorkingGroups(WG’s):– Inventoryofini1a1ves;Terminology;GHG;Sustainability(environmental,social,economicaspects;Verifica1onandaudi1ng;Indirecteffects.
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BSIandRSB
• Par1cipa1onintheworkgroups;• Learnbydoing;• Influencethedecisions;• IncludeBraziliandataandculture;• Avoidinconvenientrequirements;
• Organizecountryinforma1onanddata.
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BrazilianIni1a1vesinLUCEmissionsSugarcaneCase
Referencecrop Cstockchange(tC/ha)
Emissions(kgCO2/m3)
2006 2020EE 2020ethanol
Degradedpasture
10 ‐302 ‐259 ‐185
Naturalpasture ‐5 157 134 96
Cul1vatedpasture
‐1 29 25 18
Soybean ‐2 61 52 37
Maize 11 ‐317 ‐272 ‐195
CoIon 13 ‐384 ‐329 ‐236
Cerrado ‐21 601 515 369
Campolimpo ‐29 859 737 527
Cerradão ‐36 1,040 891 638
LUCemissions ‐118 ‐109 ‐78
Source: Zuurbier and van de Vooren, 2008