an leabharlann ucd Órna roche ucd james joyce library metadata documenting your data
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An Leabharlann UCDÓrna Roche
UCD James Joyce Library
Metadata Documenting your data http://www.flickr.com/photos/sarahseverson/
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Metadata definition
Metadata is...
data about data
structured information that describes, explains, locates, or otherwise makes it easier to retrieve, use, or manage an information resource
Understanding metadata, NISO, 2004
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Metadata can be...
• Human readable
• Processed by machines
• Interoperable – enables information to be shared across systems
• At different levels – overall project metadata and metadata for individual datasets
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Types of metadata
• Descriptive
• Structural
• Administrative– Rights management metadata– Preservation metadata
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Everyday metadata examples
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/dokas/
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Metadata answers basic questions about data
• Who created and maintains the data? Who can access it?
• Why was the data created?
• What is the content and structure of the data? What changes have been made to it?
• When collected? When published?
• Where is the geographic location? Where is the data held?
• How was the data produced?
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Metadata answers basic questions about data
Reading no: Temperature:
1 28
2 21
3 19
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Metadata standards
• Designed for a specific purpose
• Can be discipline or format specific
• Created and managed by expert groups
• Internationally recognised or certified
• Ensure consistent metadata creation
• Enable interoperability & reuse of data
• Can be simple or very complex
• User communities are a source of information
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Dublin Core
• A general purpose scheme for describing a variety of resources
• The most commonly used metadata standard
• Used as a base for other standards or profiles
• Consists of 15 core elements:
Title Contributor Creator Subject Description Publisher Date
Type Identifier LanguageRelation RightsSourceCoverageFormat
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Dublin Core example<title>Relational database containing a selection from the Irish Dialect
Archive</title><contributor>De Bhaldraithe, Tomas, 1916-1996</contributor><contributor>Laighleis, Tomas</contributor><subject>Translating and interpreting -- Ireland</subject><subject>Lexicography</subject><subject>Irish language -- Databases</ubject><description>Tables are related through the "CartlannID" values. Data is held
in both XML format and comma delimited text files (.csv). Character encoding is Unicode (UTF-8)<description>
<publisher>University College, Dublin. Dept. of Modern Irish</publisher><type>software, multimedia</type><identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/10151/OB_5000001_DA</identifier><language>Irish</language><language>eng</language><relation>isMemberOf: Irish Dialect Archive - Card Catalogue
http://hdl.handle.net/10151/EAD_0000011_DA]</relation><coverage>Ireland</coverage>
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Some other standards to be aware of
Data documentation Initiative (DDI)– for describing data from the
social, behavioral, and economic sciences
ISO 19115/19119– for describing geographical information
and associated services– INSPIRE for spatial information in the EU,
based on ISO 19115
Ecological Metadata Language (EML)– developed by and for the ecology discipline
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Considerations for choosing a standard
• The discipline, domain
• The format of the data
• Repository or funder requirements
• Recognition and/or certification of standard
• Controlled vocabularies, thesauri, and authorities
• Available metadata tools
• Skills required and time available
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A quick word about mapping
• One size does not fit all!
• Can transform one metadata schema to another using mappings
• Many standards map to/from Dublin Core
• Mappings to other standards can be available
• Some software will export metadata in a variety of standards
• Beware of potential for mistranslation and issues with granularity
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General things to consider
• Plan and document your metadata approach
• Consider overall project metadata and individual dataset metadata
• Think about where the metadata will be stored
• What tools can you use for managing the metadata
• Decide who will create the metadata and how
• Also who will maintain the metadata in the future
• Determine file formats & file naming procedures
• Don’t reinvent the wheel!
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Useful links
Niso Press, Understanding Metadata, 2004http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf
UK Data Archive documentation resourceshttp://www.data-archive.ac.uk/create-manage/document/resources
DCC standards watchhttp://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/briefing-papers/standards-watch-papers
Dublin Core metadata basicshttp://dublincore.org/metadata-basics/