an introduction to vlsi (very large scale …sburns/ee1001fall2018/vlsihuatang.pdf© digital...
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EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction
An Introduction to VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated)
Circuit Design
Presented at EE1001Oct. 16th, 2018
By Hua Tang
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The first electronic computer (1946)
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EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction
First transistor
Bell Labs, 1948
First Transistor (Bipolar)
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The First Integrated Circuits
Bipolar logic
1960’s
ECL 3-input Gate
Motorola 1966
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EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction
Basic IC circuit component: MOS transistorMOS: Metal Oxide Semiconductor
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Intel 4004 Micro-Processor
1971
1000 transistors
< 1MHz operation
10μm technology
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EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction
Transition to Automation and Regular Structures
Intel 4004 (‘71)Intel 8080 Intel 8085
Intel 8286 Intel 8486
Courtesy Intel
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Intel Pentium (IV) microprocessor
2001
42 Million transistors
1.5 GHz operation
0.18μm technology
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Intel Core™2 Duo Processor 2006
291 Million transistors
3 GHz operation
65nm technology
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More recent Processors 2007
800 Million transistors
2 GHz operation
45nm technology
2010 Core i7
1.2 Billion transistors
3.3 GHz operation
32nm technology
2012 Core i7 (newer generations)
1.7 Billion transistors
4.0 GHz operation
22nm technology
2015 14nm, 2017 10nm, and 2018 7nm, 2019 5nm?
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More recent Processors
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count
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Power Consumption
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Power density
Source: https://forums.anandtech.com/threads/cpu-power-density-trend.2416388/
Thermal hot spots
1. Hot spots are smaller in relation to the total die size
2. Scaling typically do NOT reduce power more than they reduce
size (say from 90 nm -> 14 nm)
3. multi-core? Lowpower technologies?
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EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction
Not Only Microprocessors
Analog
Baseband
Digital Baseband
(DSP + MCU)
Power
Management
Small
Signal RFPower
RF
Cell Phone
HDTV
PDA
….
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31
Source: An Chen, ConFab 2015
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EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction
What is a MOS Transistor?
VGS VT
RonS D
A Switch!
|VGS|
An MOS Transistor
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EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction
MOS Transistors - Types and Symbols
D
S
G
G
S
D
NMOS
PMOS
if G=“1” or Vdd
switch on
if G=“0” or Gnd
switch on
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The CMOS Inverter: A First Glance
V in Vout
CL
VDD
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EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction
CMOS Inverter
First-Order DC Analysis
VDD VDD
Vin = VDD Vin = 0
V =0out
V =Vout
Rn
Rp
DD
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NMOS Transistors
in Series/Parallel Connection
Transistors can be thought as a switch controlled by its gate signal
NMOS switch closes when switch control input is high
X Y
A B
Y = X if A and B
XY
A
B Y = X if A OR B
NMOS Transistors pass a “strong” 0 but a “weak” 1
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PMOS Transistors
in Series/Parallel Connection
X Y
A B
Y = X if A AND B = A + B
XY
A
B Y = X if A OR B = AB
PMOS Transistors pass a “strong” 1 but a “weak” 0
PMOS switch closes when switch control input is low
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EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction
Example Gate: NAND
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EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction
Example Gate: NOR
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EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction
Full-AdderA B
Cout
Sum
Cin Fulladder
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The Binary Adder
S A B Ci
=
A= BCi ABCi ABCi
ABCi
+ + +
Co
AB BCi
ACi
+ +=
A B
Cout
Sum
Cin Fulladder
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Complimentary Static CMOS Full Adder
28 Transistors
A B
B
A
Ci
Ci A
X
VDD
VDD
A B
Ci BA
B VDD
A
B
Ci
Ci
A
B
A CiB
Co
VDD
S
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EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction
The Ripple-Carry Adder
FA FA FA FA
A0 B0
S0
A1 B1
S1
A2 B2
S2
A3 B3
S3
Ci,0 Co,0
(= Ci,1)
Co,1 Co,2 Co,3
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SRAM Memory cell
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The add-up
32-bit adder: >3,000
32-bit comparator: >3,000
32-bit multiplier: >50,000
1k SRAM: 6,000
…
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Example project: FFT Butterfly Unit Layout
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8-bit CPU Layout
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FIR Filter
x[n]h[k]:
CONT
ROL
Module 1 – Control Module
INPUT STORAGE
Module 2 – Input Module
COEFFICIENTS
STORAGE
Module 3 – Coefficients Module
ARITHMETIC
Module 4 – Arithmetic Module
RESULTS
STORAGE
Module 5 – Results Storage
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A Delta-Sigma A/C Converter
By: Matt Webb, Hairong Chang
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Career in VLSI/IC
Intel, AMD, Texas Ins.,,…
National Semi., Cypress Semi,….
Apple, Qualcomm, Broadcom, Samsung,…
Micron, Seagate, WesternDigital…
Cadence, Synopsys, MentorGraphics…
Xilinx, Altera, ….
Picture from “Beyond-CMOS Technology Roadmap”, An Chen, Emerging Research Devices (ERD), ITRS
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Technology Innovations Driven by Scaling4
J. Y.C. Sun, VLSI Tech., T2 (2013)
Beyond-CMOS technologies
Source: An Chen, ConFab 2015
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Contact Information:
Office: MWAH 276
Hour: 10-11am, MTWF
Phone: 726-7095
Email: [email protected]
Http: www.d.umn.edu/~htang