an introduction to the ecological impacts of invasive freshwater … · 2017-05-04 · fish are the...
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![Page 1: An introduction to the ecological impacts of invasive freshwater … · 2017-05-04 · Fish are the . most frequently. introduced organisms in freshwater ecosystems . Reasons - Aquaculture](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042410/5f289ffd9fc8247e7c7c776e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Julien CUCHEROUSSET
CNRS – University Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
Email: [email protected]
An introduction to the ecological impacts of invasive freshwater fishes
![Page 2: An introduction to the ecological impacts of invasive freshwater … · 2017-05-04 · Fish are the . most frequently. introduced organisms in freshwater ecosystems . Reasons - Aquaculture](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042410/5f289ffd9fc8247e7c7c776e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Gozlan 2008 Fish Fish
Impacts of non-native fish: Rationale
Fish are the most frequently introduced organisms in freshwater ecosystems
Reasons - Aquaculture - Angling/Sport - Fisheries - Ornamental
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Fish are the most frequently introduced organisms in freshwater ecosystems
Reasons - Aquaculture - Angling/Sport - Fisheries - Ornamental Gozlan 2008 Fish Fish
Native species
Ln (Maximum Body Size) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Den
sity
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Blanchet et al. 2010 Ecol Let
Impacts of non-native fish: Rationale
Global distribution of freshwater fish body size:
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Fish are the most frequently introduced organisms in freshwater ecosystems
Reasons - Aquaculture - Angling/Sport - Fisheries - Ornamental Gozlan 2008 Fish Fish
=> Introduction of large-bodied species
Native species
Non-native species
Ln (Maximum Body Size) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Den
sity
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
P < 0.001
Blanchet et al. 2010 Ecol Let
Impacts of non-native fish: Rationale
Global distribution of freshwater fish body size:
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Nile perch (Lates niloticus)
European catfish (Silurus glanis)
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Peacock bass (Cichla ocellaris)
Impacts of non-native fish: Introduced predators
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Distribution of body-mass in communities influences their structure and functioning Riede et al. 2011
Eltonian pyramid
Abundance Biomass
Body
mas
s or
trop
hic
leve
l
Trebilco et al. 2013
Body
size
Elton 1927 Lindeman 1942
Ecological pyramid
Impacts of non-native fish: Rationale
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Introduced species could modify (directly and indirectly) these patterns
Impacts of non-native fish: Rationale
Terborgh 2015
Distribution of body-mass in communities influences their structure and functioning Riede et al. 2011
Eltonian pyramid
Abundance Biomass
Body
mas
s or
trop
hic
leve
l
Trebilco et al. 2013
Body
size
Elton 1927 Lindeman 1942
Ecological pyramid
New predators New predators
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Genetic
Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Cucherousset & Olden 2011 Fisheries
Impacts of non-native fish: Ecological impacts
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Genetic
Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Cucherousset & Olden 2011 Fisheries
- Gene transcription - Hybridization
- Behavior - Morphology - Vital rates
- Transmission of pathogens - Invasive fish as parasites - Demographic effects - Distributional effects
- Species extinction - Composition changes - Alteration of food webs
- Biochemical cycles - Energy fluxes between ecosystems - Ecological engineering
Impacts of non-native fish: Ecological impacts
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Genetic
Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Cucherousset & Olden 2011 Fisheries
- Gene transcription - Hybridization
- Behavior - Morphology - Vital rates
- Transmission of pathogens - Invasive fish as parasites - Demographic effects - Distributional effects
- Species extinction - Composition changes - Alteration of food webs
- Biochemical cycles - Energy fluxes between ecosystems - Ecological engineering
Impacts of non-native fish: Ecological impacts
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Impacts on food-web structure
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Zaret & Paine 1973 Science
BEFORE INVASION
Impacts of non-native fish: Food web structure
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Zaret & Paine 1973 Science
Introduced predators
BEFORE INVASION AFTER INVASION
=> Strong changes in community and food-web structure
Impacts of non-native fish: Food web structure
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Vander Zanden et al. 1999 Nature
Micropterus dolomieu INVASION Ambloplites rupestris
Introduced predators
Trop
hic p
ositi
on
4
3
2
-30 -28 -26 -24 δ13C
40%
60%
Zooplankton
Prey fish
LITTORAL PELAGIC Native predator
LAKES WITHOUT INVASION
Impacts of non-native fish: Food web structure
Salvelinus namaycush
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LAKES WITH INVASION
-30 -28 -26 -24 δ13C
20%
80%
Vander Zanden et al. 1999 Nature
Micropterus dolomieu INVASION Ambloplites rupestris
LITTORAL PELAGIC
Zooplankton
Prey fish
Introduced predator
Introduced predators
Native predator
Trop
hic p
ositi
on
4
3
2
-30 -28 -26 -24 δ13C
40%
60%
Zooplankton
Prey fish
LITTORAL PELAGIC Native predator
LAKES WITHOUT INVASION
Impacts of non-native fish: Food web structure
Salvelinus namaycush
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Cucherousset et al. 2012 Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
- Fish community composition
- Species status (native vs non-native)
- Trophic position TP (Fishbase)
13 rivers worldwide
Impacts of non-native fish: Food web structure
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Historical
No change in mean trophic position Increased trophic variability
Curr
ent
Mean TP
Historical
CV TP
Curr
ent
p = 0.19 p < 0.01
Impacts of non-native fish: Food web structure
Cucherousset et al. 2012 Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
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Historical
No change in mean trophic position Increased trophic variability
Modified basal structure of food webs
Increased food chain length
Curr
ent
Mean TP
Historical
CV TP
Historical Cu
rren
t
p = 0.19 p < 0.01
Maximum TP
Curr
ent
Curr
ent
Historical
Impacts of non-native fish: Food web structure
Cucherousset et al. 2012 Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
Minimum TP
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Historical
No change in mean trophic position Increased trophic variability
Modified basal structure of food webs
Increased food chain length
=> Trophic dispersion of food webs
Curr
ent
Mean TP
Historical
CV TP
Historical Cu
rren
t
p = 0.19 p < 0.01
Maximum TP
Curr
ent
Curr
ent
Historical
Impacts of non-native fish: Food web structure
Cucherousset et al. 2012 Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
Minimum TP
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Impacts on energy fluxes and ecosystem functioning
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0
Knight et al. 2005. Nature
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
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0
Knight et al. 2005. Nature
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
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Cucherousset et al. 2012 Plos ONE Source: Le silure, géant des rivières (ARTE)
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
45 beaching behaviour observed ⇒ 28% of success rate ⇒ Trophic specialisation
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Baxter et al. (2004) Ecology
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
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Baxter et al. (2004) Ecology
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
(1) Control
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Baxter et al. (2004) Ecology
(2) Habitat alteration
(1) Control
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
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Baxter et al. (2004) Ecology
(2) Habitat alteration
(3) Trout invasion
(1) Control
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
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Baxter et al. (2004) Ecology
(2) Habitat alteration
(3) Trout invasion
(1) Control
(4) Habitat + Invasion
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
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Baxter et al. (2004) Ecology
(2) Habitat alteration
(3) Trout invasion
(1) Control
(4) Habitat + Invasion
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
Terrestrial invertebrates consumed by the native species
1 2 3 4
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Baxter et al. (2004) Ecology
(2) Habitat alteration
(3) Trout invasion
(1) Control
(4) Habitat + Invasion
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
Herbivorous invertebrates biomass
1 2 3 4
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Baxter et al. (2004) Ecology
(2) Habitat alteration
(3) Trout invasion
(1) Control
(4) Habitat + Invasion
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
Primary production
1 2 3 4
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Baxter et al. (2004) Ecology
(2) Habitat alteration
(3) Trout invasion
(1) Control
(4) Habitat + Invasion
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
Emergent invertebrates biomass
1 2 3 4
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Baxter et al. (2004) Ecology
(2) Habitat alteration
(3) Trout invasion
(1) Control
(4) Habitat + Invasion
Impacts of non-native fish: Fluxes and ecosystems
Riparian spider density
1 2 3 4
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Impacts of non-native fish: Conclusion
Salmonids are an important group of invasive fish and can help filling some of the knowledge gaps in the field of biological invasions:
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Julien CUCHEROUSSET
CNRS – University Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
Email: [email protected]
An introduction to the ecological impacts of invasive
freshwater fishes