an introduction to the building commissioning process...the building commissioning process •...

20
4/25/2015 1 An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process John G. Davis, P.E. Faculty Associate University of Wisconsin – Madison Dan Maki, P.E. Principal Engineer Facility Engineering, Inc. 1 WASBO 05.14.2015 Agenda Gain an understanding of the building commissioning process Document the benefits of the commissioning process Identify some key attributes and deliverables of the commissioning process Introduce special applications of the commissioning process WASBO 05.14.2015 2

Upload: others

Post on 29-Jul-2020

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

1

An Introduction to the Building Commissioning 

ProcessJohn G. Davis, P.E.Faculty Associate

University of Wisconsin – Madison

Dan Maki, P.E.Principal Engineer

Facility Engineering, Inc.  

1WASBO 05.14.2015

Agenda

• Gain an understanding of the building commissioning process

• Document the benefits of the commissioning process 

• Identify some key attributes and deliverables of the commissioning process

• Introduce special applications of the commissioning process

WASBO 05.14.2015 2

Page 2: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

2

WASBO 05.14.2015 3

The Building Industry is Broken

• Construction productivity is flat

• 30% of projects are delivered behind schedule  

• Change orders account for 10% of final building cost  

• 92% of owners state that design drawings are not sufficient for construction  

4WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 3: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

3

The design

What specs 

identified

How the 

contractor built it

What the code 

manual required

What the client 

wanted

How it was 

resolved

WASBO 05.14.2015 5

What is The Commissioning Process?

• An owner driven process 

• Composed of activities completed by the owner (or owner representative, third party provider) to verify quality

• Work and service is verified with statistical sampling, not inspection

• Verify as we go ‐ pre‐design, design, construction, and the first year of occupancy

• Focus on the life of facility, not the first day of occupancy

• Uses a plan to achieve a quality project, reduce cost, and verify all activities during all phases of a building project 

• Improved quality results in lower project cost

6WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 4: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

4

The Commissioning Process vs. Commissioning

• Commissioning Process• The overall owner's quality delivery process

• Defined by ASHRAE Guideline 0‐2013

• Begins in pre‐design and lasts through 1st year of operation

• Commissioning• Can be building commissioning or systems commissioning

• Often limited in scope (FPT or start‐up commissioning), and often performed by a sub to the general contractor (usually involves checklists and testing)

• Still very common

7WASBO 05.14.2015

The Commissioning Process• Provides benefits to all size and complexity of projects 

(homes to multiple‐building campus)

• Ideal for complex buildings and projects

• Ideal for implementing new concepts & technologies in buildings• Green/Sustainable 

• High‐efficiency

• Renewable energy

• Designed for maintainability

• Works well for existing buildings • Change in use

• Energy efficiency improvements

• Indoor environmental quality

8WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 5: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

5

Why Do It?

• Balance the triple constraints of project management – cost, quality and schedule

• Productivity improves with increased coordination 

• Quality improves with less rework

• Cost improves with fewer change orders

• More bang for your buck    

9WASBO 05.14.2015

Main Concept to Remember

The Commissioning Process 

is a 

Quality‐Based Process

10WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 6: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

6

The Commissioning Process

• Every step was created for a reason: to improve quality in a common problem area

• Not every project uses every step…and there can be more steps than shown here

• Starts at project inception and continues through one year of operation

11WASBO 05.14.2015

Cx in Planning: 

Documenting the Owner’s Project 

Requirements (OPR)

• OPR is the heart of the commissioning process

– Is a “living” document (updated as decisions are made)

– Provides guidance throughout project for designers, contractors and O&M staff

– Defines how the owner will measure the success of the project

– Simplifies designers’ programming or pre‐design effort

12WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 7: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

7

Cx in Design:

Design Review

• An independent quality review that verifies design drawings achieve the OPR

• Eliminates addendums and change orders

• A four‐step process:1.  Review for general quality

2.  Review for coordination between trades

3.  Detailed review of each discipline

4.  Review of the specifications

13WASBO 05.14.2015

Cx in Construction Phase:

Submittal Review 

• Independent review to verify submittals and substitutions meet OPR

• Accomplished concurrently with design team and owner review

• Input provided to design team for integration with their comments

14WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 8: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

8

Cx in Construction Phase:

Installation Quality Verification (via Site 

Visits)• Trades use checklists to avoid systemic 

errors

• Checklist completion and accuracy randomly verified during site visits by Cx Authority (CxA)

• GOAL: avoid rework

• Record documentation regularly verified by CxA

• Team meetings held to resolve quality issues and roadblocks

• Focus on trade coordination and achieving the OPR

• Site visit reports, meeting minutes, Issues log

15WASBO 05.14.2015

Cx in Turnover Phase:

Systems (O&M) Manual

• Contractors submit contents earlier (near the start of construction)

• Avoids last minute effort

• Focus is on systems, not just components

• Final review by CxA near end of construction

• Used as an integral part of the training sessions

16WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 9: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

9

Cx in Turnover Phase:

Training

• Presented in small doses during construction and turnover

• Allows staff time to absorb info and think of questions

• Verified/witnessed by CxA

• Format is per owner preference, but must be detailed carefully in specifications

– Number of hours per topic

– Classroom and/or Walkthroughs

– Hands‐on and/or “What if” scenarios

– Professionally videotaped

17WASBO 05.14.2015

Train, Train, Train

• Demand adequate time for owner/operator training prior to building turnover 

• Specify follow‐up training  

• The untrained operator always wins    

18WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 10: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

10

Training

• First session, presented by Commissioning Authority, focuses on the Owner's Project Requirements

• Second session, presented by the designers, focuses on the Basis of Design

• Third session, presented by contractors, focuses on equipment operation, maintenance, service

19WASBO 05.14.2015

Cx in Turnover Phase:

Functional Performance Testing

• CxA writes tests, instructs the contractors and documents the results

• Verifies the OPR has been met, systems work seamlessly

• Tests all commissioned systems, like envelope, electrical, mechanical...

• The final report card for entire Cx process

• GOAL: systems work properly        NOW, not months later

• Provides documentation of completion to both owner and contractors

20WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 11: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

11

Adaptable Process

• Every building and Cxproject is different

• Scope of work will vary• Depends on size of project, 

system complexity, and budget

• Adapt the process to meet the project’s specific goals

21WASBO 05.14.2015

Special Applications of the Cx Process

• Building Enclosure Commissioning

• Existing Building Commissioning

WASBO 05.14.2015 22

Page 12: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

12

The Building Enclosure:Reasons for Concern

• Moisture in buildings can lead to health problems

• Moisture in buildings waste energy

• Moisture problems are expensive to fix

• Moisture problems are a professional risk

• Building enclosure failures are becoming more prevalent

WASBO 05.14.2015 23

Sustainability and Energy Security

• Sustainability will mean more engineered materials

• More engineered materials will mean more of a mold risk

• Sustainability and energy security will mean higher levels of insulation and tighter enclosures

• Higher levels of insulation and tighter enclosures will mean lower drying potential

• Lower drying potential will mean more mold

24WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 13: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

13

OSB versus Plywood

25WASBO 05.14.2015

Relative Order of Importance

1. Water entry

2. Air leakage

3. Vapor diffusion

WASBO 05.14.2015 26

Page 14: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

14

Water Entry Prevention

Most building failures are caused by excessive water leakage

WASBO 05.14.2015 27

Water Entry Prevention

“When water comes into buildings, it comes in through the cracks between the design and the construction professions”William Rose, Water in Buildings

WASBO 05.14.2015 28

Page 15: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

15

Hunting for Holes

• Where are the big holes in buildings?  They are everywhere…..

• Common culprits: Parapets

Car ports/canopies

Cantilevers

Dropped ceiling assemblies

Elevator shafts/penthouses

Window to wall assemblies

Awnings

Facades

Covered walkways

Anywhere a framing system joins a wall

Electrical boxes

Chases

Service penetrations

29WASBO 05.14.2015

1. Scupper and downspout 2. Parapet cap flashing 3. Control joint 4. Wall‐window interface 5. Balcony door threshold 6. Balcony rail attachment 7. Vent hood 8. Downspout attachment 9. Saddle detail 10. Deck drain 11. Junction between different materials 12. Window head 13. Window jamb 14. Windowsill 15. Overflow scupper 16. Planter 17. Wall‐concrete slab interface 18. Balcony‐wall interface

Potential water leak sites

WASBO 05.14.2015 30

Page 16: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

16

WASBO 05.14.2015 31

Types of Building Enclosure 

Testing• Air Infiltration

• Water Penetration

• Water Absorption

• Condensation

• Structural Load

• Seismic Racking

• Thermal Performance

• Acoustics

• Accelerated Aging

• Adhesion

• Anchor Pull‐out

• Infrared Thermography

• Whole Building Air Tightness

WASBO 05.14.2015 32

Page 17: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

17

BECx Schedule

33

Schedule must accommodate the BECx Process

WASBO 05.14.2015

Existing Building Commissioning

Time to Re‐Commission?• Building renovated or remodeled?

• Unjustified increase in energy use?

• Energy use more than 10% higher than previous years?

• Systems are no longer integrated?

• Increase in comfort/IAQcomplaints?

• Increase in nighttime or unoccupied energy use?

• Building staff aware of issues but lack the time or expertise to fix them?

• Controls modified or overridden to provide a quick fix to a problem?

• Frequent equipment problems/poor reliability?

• More than 5 years since last commissioning effort? 

34WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 18: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

18

Similarities Between EBCxand Cx

• Heavily owner/user driven

• Team formation

• Working as a team to build quality into the building

• Determining functional needs and requirements

• Verification followed by functional testing

• Producing a report and a systems manual

35WASBO 05.14.2015

Differences Between EBCx and Cx

• CFR is used in lieu of OPR

• There may not be any design plans or specs, or design team, present

• There will not be construction contractors to make repairs

• There will not be equipment submittals to review

• EBCx requires troubleshooting, investigation and problem solving skills

36WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 19: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

19

EBCx Benefits

• Improved system operation

• Improved equipment performance

• Increased O&M staff capabilities

• Increased asset value

• Energy savings

• Improved IAQ/IEQ

• Improved building documentation

37WASBO 05.14.2015

EBCx Savings

• Both energy and non‐energy savings

• Vary depending on building type, its location, and the scope of the EBCx process

• Savings can be significant

• Quick payback

38WASBO 05.14.2015

Page 20: An Introduction to the Building Commissioning Process...the building commissioning process • Document the benefits of the commissioning process • Identify some key attributes and

4/25/2015

20

• Questions?

39WASBO 05.14.2015