an introduction to positive psychology
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An An An An Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction to Positive to Positive to Positive to Positive PsychologyPsychologyPsychologyPsychology
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One track mind?
� Psychology consumed with mental illness
� Describing and measuring depression, schizophrenia, addiction etc.
� Explanations for ‘disorders’ across the lifespan
� Genetics, biochemistry, psychological causes
� Emphasis on relieving the ‘pain’
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Progress at a price?
� Trying to relieve the states that makes life miserable instead of building the states that makes life worth living
� A shift from what is wrong to what is right (and fundamentally why it is right)
� From ‘fire-brigade’ psychology to ‘fire-proofing’ psychology
� Surviving crisis: how? Why?
� Strengths as well as weaknesses
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Global Gallop Poll
� Which would help you be more successful in your life -knowing what your weaknesses are and attempting to improve on them or knowing your strengths and building on them?
� 41% US, 38% UK, 24% Japan focused on weaknesses. No country focused on strengths.
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� From 2+ to 7+
� From -5 to -2
� How improved/better are you?
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Time has arrived for a science that seeks to understand positive emotion and strengths and offer us guideposts for the ‘good life’
New research into happiness shows that it can be lastingly increased
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Authentic Happiness?
� Comes from identifying and cultivating your most fundamental strengths and using them everyday in work, love, play, parenting etc
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3 Pillars of Positive Psychology
� STUDY OF POSITIVE EMOTION
� STUDY OF POSITIVE TRAITS - strengths, virtues, abilities (intelligence, athleticism)
� STUDY OF POSITIVE INSTITUTIONS
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Therapy?
� FROM THE DISEASE MODEL - helping people who present themselves for treatment once the problems have become unbearable
� Therapy usually too late - better to act when well, prevention, self-empowerment, education etc
� Prevention is massively effective
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Are there psychological interventions in youth that will prevent depression, schizophrenia and substance abuse in adulthood?
� YES
� Seligman: Teaching 10 year olds the skills of optimistic thinking and actions cuts their rates of depression in half in puberty
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� Prevention of mental illness by recognising and nurturing a set of strengths, competencies and virtues in young people such as future-mindedness, hope, faith, work ethic etc.
� Building strengths as a buffer
� Disease model focuses on deficits
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Positive Psychology
�The Study of Happiness
�When people are happy they are also mentally healthy
�Work: Are you happy in your job?
�Happier people are markedly more satisfied in their jobs than less happy people
�Research shows that happiness actually causes more productivity and higher incomes
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� One study (TOYOTA) 275 employees measured their positive emotion and followed their job performance over next 18 months.
� Happier people went on to get better evaluations and higher pay
� Happy people endure pain better and take more health and safety precaution when threatened
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Genetics?
� Approximately 50% of all personality traits are attributed to genetic inheritances
� But high hereditary link does not determine how unchangeable a trait is
� State of Drift
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SIGNATURE STRENGTHS
� Strengths ( integrity, valor, originality etc.) and talents (perfect pitch, facial beauty etc.) not to be confused with each other
� Strengths are moral traits
� Talents are non-moral
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Talents or Strengths?
�Talents tend not to be as ‘buildable’ as strengths
�Strengths can be built
�Talents more innate - you either have them or not
�Talents are relatively automatic (It’s C sharp v act of will (too much change in shop)
�Talents involve choice - whether to develop it or not, whether to use it or not
Jill was so smart. She wasted her intelligence
Jill was so kind. She wasted her kindness.Wali Memon16
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Strengths can be acquired….
� Time
� Self-discovery and Self-potential
� Determination
� But talents cannot be acquired merely by an act of will
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The Signature Strengths
� WISDOM
� COURAGE
� HUMANITY
� JUSTICE
� TEMPERANCE
� TRANSCEDENCE
Several distinct routes to each of the six and these are measurable and acquirable strengths
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Strength
� Not once off kindness in one setting but seen across different situations and consistently over time
� Ubiquitous - across culture
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WISDOM
� Curiosity / interest in the world
� Love of learning
� Judgment / critical thinking / open-mindedness
� Ingenuity /originality / practical intelligence /street smart
� Social Intelligence / personal intelligence / emotional intelligence
� Perspective
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COURAGE
� Valor and bravery
� Perseverance industry/ diligence
� Integrity / genuineness / honesty
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HUMANITY
� Kindness / generosity
� Loving
� Allowing oneself to be loved
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JUSTICE
� Citizenship / Duty / Teamwork / Loyalty
� Fairness and Equity
� Leadership
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TEMPERANCE
� Self-control and discipline
� Prudence / discretion / caution
� Humility and modesty
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TRANSCEDENCE
� Appreciation of beauty and excellence
� Gratitude
� Hope, optimism, future mindedness
� Spirituality, sense of purpose, faith, religiousness
� Forgiveness and mercy
� Playfulness and humour
� Zest, passion and enthusiasm
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Work?
� Does my work have to be this unsatisfying?
� What can I do about it?
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Positive Psychology
� Work can be more satisfying
� Using your signature strengths at work more often
� Re-crafting your job to make it more satisfying
� Job Coaches - implications for placing clients in ‘work’ and in measuring clients’ satisfaction within work
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�To maximise job satisfaction we need to use our signature strengths and develop them more
�Strengths-based development
�Transforming a ‘token’ job to a ‘calling’
� ‘Calling’ is the most satisfying form of work because it is done for its own sake rather than for the material benefits
�Companies that promote this state will overtake companies that rely solely on monetary reward
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3 Kinds of Work Orientation
� Job: for the pay cheque, no other rewards sought, means to an end
� Career: deeper personal involvement, achievement marked through money/advancement / promotion brings more prestige, power, money (When opportunities close we start looking elsewhere)
� Calling: Passionate, fulfilling in its own right
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Positive Psychology says..
Any job can become a calling and any
calling can become a job.
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Implications for Job Coaches
� Matching clients to jobs
� Positive Psychology within assessment process
� Assessment of satisfaction within job
� Strengths-based development
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Positive Psychology Research shows……
� Strengths-based development linked to positive outcomes
� Direct relationship between strengths-based development and attendance, punctuality, productivity
� Linked to ‘Employee-Engagement’
� Studies of ‘State of Flow’
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People will be healthier and happier by
� By identifying and developing individual strengths.
� Ensuring sufficient levels of self-engagement are involved in the work setting
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