An Interactive Online Database for PotatoVarieties Evaluated in the Eastern United StatesMark E. Clough', George C. Ycncho 2 " 2 , Barbara Christ',

Walter DeJong4 , Donald Halscth 5 , Kathleen Haynes6,

Melvin Henningcr 7 , Chad Hutchinson", Mart Kleinhenz9,

Greg A. Porter"', and Richard E. Veilleux"

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Solanuni tube rosurn, variety development, education,outreach, MvSQL, NE1031, relational

SUMMARY. Databases are commonly used to coordinate and summarize researchfrom multiple projects. The potato (Solan urn tuberosurn) research community hasinvested significant resources in collecting data from multiple states and provinces,and we have developed a web-based database format for the use of researchers,farmers, and consumers. The northeast regional potato variety development project(NE1031) is a U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research,Education, and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES) regional project focused ondeveloping and evaluating the suitability of new varieties and advanced clones frommultiple breeding programs for a range of environments. This multistate projectand its predecessors have been in existence for more than two decades, and they haveresulted in the collection of a significant amount of standardized potato trial data.We have developed an interactive potato variety database that allows researchers andend-users to access and obtain potato variety trial results in one centralized site. Thedatabase is populated with the results of potato variety trials conducted in eightstates (Florida, Maine, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania,and Virginia) and two Canadian provinces (Prince Edward Island and Quebec).It currently contains over 35 data features and was developed primarily forscientists interested in potato variety development, growers, and allied industrymembers. Hypertext mark-up language (HTML) and hypertext preprocessor(PHP) were used to develop the database interface.

T

lie USDA-CSREES NE1031project entitled "Develop-ment of New Potato Clones

for Improved Pest Resistance, Mar-ketability, and Sustainahi]iry in theEast" is a project that addresses theneeds of the potato industry ofthe eastern United States througha coordinated process of potatobreeding, selection, evaluation, andvariety development. Potato breedingand gerniplasm improvement in this

Canada. The overall goal of the projectis to develop an array of attractive,nutritious, high- yielding, disease- andinsect-resistant potato varieties thatcan be emplo yed by small and largepotato producers to enhance market-ing opportunities, farm sustainabilitv,and grower profits.

Breeding, selection, and develop-ment of adapted, chipping, French fry,specialty-type, and fresh market varie-ties are emphasized in this project.Selection procedures for processinglines emphasize high dry matter, ac-ceptable fm-v color, and freedom frominternal defects. Fresh market selec-tion and evaluation emphasize excel-lent appearance, sensory, andnutritional qualities. Development ofvarieties with durable, multiple resis-tances to important pathogens andpests, such as late blight (Phvtoplithoi-tiinfestruis), verticilliuni wilt ( Verticil-hum dabltae), earl y blight (Altcrnaricjso/an i), common scab (Strcptomyce.cSlap.), Fusarium dry rot (Fusariu;nspp.), golden nematode (Hctcrodcrarostochiensis), and colorado potatobeetle (Leptinotarci-i decemhincata) re-sistance are long-term priorities.

The NE1031 project is highlycollaborative and takes advantageof' the multiple potato breedingand variety development programslocated in the eastern United States.The project has established a mecha-nism for sharing and exchanginggermpl asm and research results be-tween eight participating states andtwo Canadian provinces. To ficilitateeasy access of key information, wehave developed a web-based, user-friendl y potato variety database tofacilitate data management and accessfor the NEI 031 project and the entirepotato research community . This va-rictv database site was designed pri-manl y with the interests and needs ofthe potato research community inmind, but it can be accessed easilyby farmers, seed brokers, and homegardeners interested in obtainingtimel y information on regionalregional po-tato performance. The primary goalwhen constructing the database wasto condense and distill the manyvariety trials that the NE103I projectconducts into a format that was Stan-dardized for key data, such as totaland marketable yield, tuber appear-ance, plant maturit y, and specificgravity . However, it was also designedto store unique data collected by

project arc conducted by four potatobreeding programs (University ofMaine, Cornell University, North (,ar-olina State University, and USDA-Ag-ricultural Research Service- Bcltsville,MD). Earl y generation multisite selec-tion, subsequent advanced clone eval-uations, and variety trialing are thencoordinated across eight eastern states,with collaborative research effortsextending to trial cooperators acrossthe United States and into eastern

250 H.rdogy February 2010 20(1)

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specialized members of the group,such as disease and insect resistanceand cooking qualities. Currently, thedatabase comprises 35 data fieldsreporting the performance of <144different advanced clones and varie-ties in multiple trials. Several otherpotato databases exist worldwide (Ta-ble 1). None in North America cur-rcntiv house as much information onreleased and advanced clones in a sin-gle website where the end user hascontrol of the data points in the out-put as does the NE1031 PotatoDatabase. The database server is loca-ted at the North Carolina State Uni-versity (NCSLT ), Vernon G. JamesResearch and Extension Center( VG JRE(.') in Plymouth, NC, andcan be accessed at the Eastern PotatoVariety Development Database page(Clough, 2009) or by doing a websearch on NE 1031 potato varietydatabase. The objective of this articleis to inform readers of the existenceand utility of this resource, and to

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The des c!opmetit of this svehsite and the generationof the multi -Site potato variet y perfortttaiicc data inthe database would not have been possible ivitltoutthe support of the following fntidiitg sources: USDACSRILES NI-1031 Regional Project, USDA CSREESSpecial (irants for Potato Research, and potatogrower groups in the various participating states.

'North Carolina State t'iiiversctv, Department ofHorticultural Science, Vernon C. James Researchand F,steutsioii Center, 207 Research Station Road,l'l ynsiiuth, NC 27962

North Carolina State Universit y Department ofHorticultural Science, 214-A Kilgore Hall, Box7609, Raleigh. NC 2769S

ile is ii sV !vu is i a State University, Department of PlantPathology , 212- B Buckhout Laboratory UniversityPark, PA 16802

'Cornell University. Department of Plant Brceduuigand Genetics, 309 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853

Cornell Universit y , Department of Horticulture. 1 5-I), Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY 14853

'U.S. Departnient of Agriculture-Agriculture RC-

search Service Plant Sciences Institute, Genetic Ins-proveiiient of Fruits and Vegetables lahoratorsBuilding 010A, 10300 haIti mc ire Avenue, Belisvillc,MI) 20705

Rutgers University, Department of Plant Biology/Pathology, 59 Dudley Road, Nesv Brunswick, NJ1)891)1

5 Univers!tv of Florida, Department of HorticulturalSciences, P0 Box 11069)), Gainesville, FL 32611

"( )h io State University, Department of Horticultureand Crop Science, 217 Williams Hall, 1680 MadisonAvenue, Wooster, OH 44691

'University of Maine, Department of Plant, Soil andhnvironrnental Sciences, Room 114, 5722 DeeringHill, Orono, ME 04469

Virginia Polvtcehnic Institute and State University,Department of Horticulture, 206 Saunders Hall,Blacksburg, VA 24061

12 Corresponding author. E-mail: craig...vencho)kncsu.edo -

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Fig. 1. A partial view of potato variety data submitted in Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) format for the Northeast PotatoVariety Development NE1031 project database. The top row is the name for each field. In the columns below each name are thedata collaborators have sent for input into the database. The columns for clone, state or province, county, trial designation, andyear are used as identifiers, which enables sorting and retrieval by variety. Columns to the right of the year column contain dataspecific to each variety in a given trial, location, and year.

I"" JNOW( ) INOW( ) "A0008-1TE" "NY Upstate" I "TOMPKINS" J "RUS" I "USDA-ID"! "2007" "A0008-1TENY UpstateTOMPKINSRUS2007"!"AO008_1ERuS2007":::

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Fig. 2. A portion of a text file created from the data submitted by collaborators. This file contains variety names and informationrelating to where and when the varieties were grown.

252 Hci-xtinology . February 2010 20(1)

demonstrate h(Jw easil y such a re-source can be developed.

Materials and methodsDATABASE DESIGN. The database

runs on a Mac OS X Server (version10.4.10; Apple Computers, Cuper-tino, CA) with a dual 2.7 GHzPowerPC CS processor. This isa stand-alone server located atNCSU, VGJREC. The data are sub-mitted by collaborators in Excel(Microsoft, Redmond, WA) spread-sheet format (Fig. 1) and convertedinto two text files where various char-acters are used to delimit clones andclone elements (Figs. 2 and 3). Theclone elements consist of descriptorssuch as year, trial, and trial location,and data specific to the performanceof a clone. Using the Terminal soft-ware package provided on the MacOS X Server, the elements of the twotext files are imported into tables ina format recognized by MvSQI.®(MvSQL®, Cupertino, CA), whichis an open source relational data-base management system based onstructured query language (SQL)(Techlerms.com , 2007). A relationaldatabase is a collection of tables thatrefer to each other through a commonset of parameters identified in eachtable (Meloni, 2002). In the easternpotato variety development database,

we chose to have three sets of com-mon data elements consisting ofa combination of five specific ele-ments. These elements consist ofthe variety name (or clone number),the state (or province), the county,the trial designation, and the year. Forexample, the first identifier containsall five data points, the second consistsof the variety, trial designation, andyear, and the final has only the varietyand year. The purpose of havingmultiple identifiers is to allow dataretrieval at varying levels ofspecificitv.Data points related to specific loca-tions not collected by each coopera-tor are handled easily by theMvSQL® engine provided if themissing data are coded as missingand not zeros. When calculating anaverage, it will ignore all data that hasa "." in place of the data point. Alldata are encapsulated in quotationmarks (" "), fields arc delimited bythe vertical bar character (1), and theend of an entry is denoted by threecolons ( :::). The preceding delimitersused for coding are arbitrarily desig-nated by the administrator and aredictated to the processor to define thedata points. Each of the files is alsocoded with the statement: NOWO,two times at the head of the entry.The NOW() statement is an SQLderived command that dates each

entry . The first statement stamps thedate of upload to the database, theother records the last date the entrywas altered.

INTERNET INTERFACE DESIGN.

The original interface for theNE 1031 eastern potato variety de-velopment database was patternedafter a database developed b y S.R.James (Oregon State Universit y ) thatused HTML coding. This site is nolonger operational. To make a moreuser-friendl y interface, we migratedto a combination of PHP and HTMLweb programming, which allowsusers to more narrowl y define theavailable list of varieties and advancedlines. The web interface allows visitorsto limit performance of searches byvariety release status, tuber color, andor plant maturity. Any combinationof these three traits can be used tolimit the output of lines displayedfor each search. Our latest designchanges have also incorporated a stan-dardized layout using Dreamveaver(version 8.0; Macromedia, San Fran-cisco, CA), giving the vebsite a moreprofessional appearance.

After a user decides which typeof clones he/she is interested in (e.g.,by tuber color: red, white, purple,and/or by maturity : early, midseason,late), the list is reduced to a specific setof clones, and the output can then be

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Fig. 3. A portion of a text file created from the data submitted by collaborators. This file contains all of the trial data.

February 2010 20(1) 253

VARIETY TRIALS

A " () Eastern Potato VaneSy Development Database

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NE1031group Home Potato Breeding Sweetpotato Breeding NCSUHortSci VGJREC search

September 29, 2009

Eastern Potato Variety Development DatabaseNE1031 GroupNE1031 DatabaseSummary Generator

articipatin9

lates androvincesFlorida

Maine

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North CarolinaOhio

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Select a Tuber Color Select a Maturity;All uatuitiesi submitSort By; ® Year ()Location

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Mark_Cloughrrcsu.edu

Fig. 4. The home page of the NE1031 eastern potato variety development database as shown on a Mac Os X Server (version10.4.10; Apple Computers, Cupertino, CA) using the Safari browser (version 3.2.1; Apple Computers).

254Hcsfinoktgy February 2010 20(1)

further constrained by selecting loca-tions, traits, and years of interest (Fig.4). Before clicking the submit button,the user can also choose how the dataare sorted and the formatting of thesummaries printed. The output is pre-sented in a tabular form and is expressedusing PHP and HTML (Fig. 5).

A second interface was con-structed to allow users to builda one-page summary (Fig. 6) to com-pare a variety of interest with

a standard variety that can also beselected by the user. The summaryincludes yield, color, maturity , chip-ping scores, intended use, and knowndisease, insect, and virus resistances. Ifavailable, an image of the variety isshown on the summary.

Results and discussionTo date, individuals from 26

countries, five continents, 26

American states, and live Canadianprovinces have used the database.The average length of visit is between1 and 2 mm, and the longest hit lasted62 mm (ActiveMeter, Calgary , AB,Canada). The database users havebeen diverse, ranging from govern-ment agencies and universities togrowers and individuals from urbanareas.

Future improvements for the da-tabase include building another

f ( ( NE1031 Potato Variety Database

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County Year cwta [%r. %2s I%3s (Air/Water) Harvest Maturity

1.06694560 112 [s

Fashirigtoi, [006 F 326.1 3057 1.06555837 F1 13 5

Beaufort 84.44 5 0 83 1.06759631 105 8

-Mitchell 129.1 20 0 72 1.06718061 171 3.75

Washington 62.16 10 49 L 101 [ 4

Washington [50 156.6 [ ' [ [ 52 1.07608100 101

-_ Pamlico 145.5 7 0187 1.06875784 101 4

Pasquotank_[öö 1616 i 107019591 105 35

Pasquotank70.45 38 0 60 F 1.07194899 104 6.5

[iojT_1449 15 0 83 107255936 103 4

Washington [3öi 107.0 8 58 25, 1.06430635 105 4.5

ington[ ___116.4 7 40 33 1.05917667, 1O5 511- Mitchell 20081 30.52 42 0 38 1.07659151 126 3.25

- [caufon 2008 flI 682659 _

- Averages 125 20 ö Thi F

___

Mm F 30.52 3 0 F 20 F 1.05917667 98 3.25

Max 326.1 42 62 87 1.07682659 F-17

1 8

Overallape Appearance

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This PaRe Was Created Br: Mark E. C/peak, Researcher

On 9126!02 And Last Modified On 4110/09

Fig. 5. An example of the database output for the variety Peter Wilcox in North Carolina showing county, year, marketable yield,percentage of size, specific gravity, plant maturity, tuber shape, and overall. User's can choose to have the keys to the data fieldsdisplayed when the output is generated if needed.

1haiinokgy February 2010 20(1) 255

Disease Resistance:N/A

Number of Trials: 50Trial Locations:FL ME NC NJ NY Long IslandVA

NY Upstate OH PA PEI QC

Years Evaluated: 2005 to 2008

VARIETY TRIALS

Potato Summary SheetI + http:f/potatoes.ncsu.edulnesum.php Q- fe

Potato Summary Sheet

PeterWilcox(B 1816-5)Parentage:

B0810-1 X B0918-5

Skin Color: PurpleFlesh Color: YellowMaturity: Mid to Late MaturingTotal Yield: 283 cwt/AMarketable Yield: 231 cwt/APercent DarkRedNorland: 98 % (non parallel)

97 % (parallel)

No Picture Available

Average Incidence of Heat Necrosis: 1%Rating of tubers expressing symptoms: Very Slight

Size Distribution:Average Incidence of Other Tuber Defects:

ls(<17.8'): 13%Hollow Heart: 1%

25(17 8 to 2i 2): 50Vascular Discoloration: 3%

3s(21 2" to 314"):Scab: 3%

4s (31 '4 to 4"):Soft Rot: 1%

Ss (> 4"): 0Growth Cracks: 2%

Misshapes: 3%Greens: 2%

Overall Appearance: Better Than Fair

Specific Gravity: 1.073

Expected Use: Table

Chip Rating: Not Acceptable (Visual field scoreNot Acceptable (A8ion field score)Good, Light or Golden (Agtron 450 score)No Chip Rating (Agiron 400 score)

Back To Search Page

This Page Was Created B): Mir& A C(rrug)i, NCSIJ Researcher and Extension Associate for the NE1031 Northeast Regional Participatory GroupThe information provided above is a variety performance summary from data supplied to the NEIO3 I Potato Database by our participating members and reflects performance in

those States and Provinces.Last Modified Ott January 3,2008

Fig. 6. An example of a one-page data summary for the variety Peter Wilcox generated within the NE 1031 eastern potato varietydevelopment database site.

interface that will allow the compari-son of multiple varieties for a set ofuser-defined parameters. New fea-tures will be added to the existinginterfaces to allow a user to search forvarieties with resistance to specificvirus, bacterial, fungal, and/or insectpests. This will increase the overallusefulness of the database.

The utilitvofthe NE1031 easternpotato variety development databasehas lead to some discussion regardingthe development of a national or

North American potato variety trialdatabase. This is a good goal; however,a major impediment to implementingsuch a resource relates to the diverse setof evaluation criteria collected by theindividual potato research groups andregions across the country. One of thekey factors enabling the developmentofthe NE 1031 potato variety databasewas that all regional potato coopera-tors agreed to evaluate our materialsusing a standardized set of evaluationdescriptors.

Literature cited('lough, M.E. 2009. Eastern potato vari-ety development database. 29 Sept. 2009.<http://potatoes.ncsu.edu/nesrch .php>.

Meloni, J.C. 2002. Sams teach yourselfMvSQL in 24 hours. Sams Publishing,Indianapolis.

TcchTerms.com . 2007. MvSQL. 29 Sept.2009. <http://www.techterrns.com/deflnition/rnvsql>.

256 &dinotogy February 2010 20(1)