ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am very thankful to my adviser, Arch’t. Zafra, who was always there since the start of

the thesis book and for the times when he was there to check and guide me during the

development of my design.

I would also like to thank my thesis coordinators, Arch’t. Ma. Lizetta Uy, Arch’t.

Raymund Dinglasa, Arch’t. Omar Maxwell Espina and Arch’t. Joseph Michael Espina.

Special thanks also to Arch’t. Raagas, Arch’t. Valenzona and Arch’t. Cabilao for the time

and the advice that helped a lot.

I would also like to thank especially to my housemates, Jake, Zev, Romie, Mike, Nikko,

Rishi, Abbie and Dan2x who helped me through time, also to Robert, Tisoy, Mark Bets,

Evee, Hannah, and to Mama for their undying support and help. For my classmates who

were there support and for their smiles, thank you.

To my parents for the support, time and money they spent for me. To my mother, Diana,

my father, Charles and my sisters, thank you so much.

And lastly to the almighty God who gave me all of these, the blessings and the

opportunity to be here right now in my life.

1

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS PURPOSE

I. INTRODUCTION

A bus garage and terminal is necessary for bus maintenance and repair. It is also

used as a parking facility and headquarters for drivers. More importantly, the facility is

made to provide comfort and safety to passengers in their few hours or minutes of stay

in the facility. A common garage for cars would surely not be the same as to the bus

because of its physical and mechanical features

Ceres Bus Liner is the biggest bus company in the Philippines which started

operations in 1968 at Bacolod, Negros Occidental. As of now it comprises 1500 bus

units. 80% of its buses are mostly found in Visayas and Mindanao, and the other 20%

serves the northern part of the archipelago. The operator is the Vallacar Transit Inc.

Ceres Bus Line operates mostly in Visayas, especially in Cebu. It started in Cebu when

they took over the ABC Bus Liner, owned by Crisologo Abines, which was the most

famous bus liner in Cebu. But as Ceres took over, they were considered to be having

the most number of bus units in the province. It is also one of the buses which travel by

land and by sea (through ferry). It is famous because of its huge and air-conditioned

units which possesses comfort to the passengers. Some tourists would hire Ceres

buses for their travel and tours.

Lately, the recent president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo introduced a new

connection of the Visayas and Mindanao as a part of its project that unites the islands of

the whole nation. With this, the town of Samboan may boost its income because of the

new establishment that might be present here. Also, the city of Dumaguete is just at the

other side of the strait, so its not far to tell that sooner or later, the town will be a

developed town already. New projects that have been proposed by the government are

mostly within the towns of the province, not the city itself to reduce decongestion. 2

II. THE PROBLEM

One of the garages of Ceres Bus Lines is located in Brgy. San Sebastian,

Samboan, Cebu. The facility is just a parcel of land where a large number of buses can

park. The parcel of land also served as the terminal for the bus liner where passengers

go in and out of the space in an un-orderly manner.

The space lacks the elements to facilitate an orderly, safe and convenient

terminal for the passengers. Waiting in a terminal without even a proper waiting area

and other facilities can be very inconvenient to a passenger. The so called terminal and

garage also lacks the facilities to have a proper bus depot for the company. As you can

see proper management, maintenance and monitoring of the buses are essential to

have a safe trip whether if it is within the province of Cebu or to other parts of the

country. Its not necessary also to create a depot with heavy repair because the

headquarter itself for the Ceres is found in Bacolod, so its far from the supervision of the

owner.

Located a few hundred meters from the said garage and terminal is a RORO port

used by the bus liner. Although it already has a structure to provide for the passengers

who will use the ferry, the port itself lacks the facilities to again ensure the passengers a

safe, orderly and comfortable trip.

The late President Gloria Arroyo proposed a new project where another RORO

shipping line is to be placed in the south which will create a direct link from Visayas to

Mindanao. For these a terminal would be a necessity to help in the economic growth of

the province especially in the town of Samboan.

3

A. OBJECTIVES

The study aims to create an integrated ferry and bus terminal with roadworthy

test and to incorporate modern design solutions for the convenience of Bus drivers

and personnel, and the passengers.

The study intends to seek solutions to this problem and also answer the

following sub – problems:

1. What elements are needed to ensure the passengers of the buses and

roro a safe, smooth and comfortable flow inside the facility?

2. What inconveniences were observed in previous bus and ferry terminals

and what is needed in order to avoid these?

3. What is to be considered in order to have an efficient and effective bus

roadworthy test?

By designing an integrated RORO and bus terminal with a roadworthy test for

Ceres Bus Liner, the proponent want to achieve the following goals:

1. Efficient flow of buses whether coming from the sea (through ferry) or land

to the terminal and vice – versa.

2. Efficient and effective flow of the buses inside the bus depot/roadworthy

test.

3. A modern image of the proposed facility that may soon serve as a

landmark in commemoration of the town’s identity where the facility is

located.

4

B. Significance of Study

The study will provide architectural solutions to create a safe, efficient,

comfortable and convenient ferry and bus terminal and depot for bus and ferry

passengers, drivers and staff. This will also change the image of bus and other types

of terminals being inconvenient in the locality.

The study will also help the town by creating an income generating facility.

The existing primary users which are the Ceres and Maayo Shipping Inc. would also

benefit in this study for they will have an efficient terminal for both of them and the

payment they gave to the LGU will be worthy enough.

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. RESEARCH DESIGN

1. Research Environment

The proposed rehabilitation will be located in Bato, Samboan, Cebu.

Details regarding the site will be discussed on the later chapters.

2. Research Subject

The study will involve architectural space programming and other

approaches applicable to the said proposal.

3. Research Instruments

The researchers will make use of numerical data gathered from Ceres Bus

Liner, Sunrays, Rough Riders and Maayo Shipping Inc (e.g. no. of buses or

vessels & passengers per day etc.). They will also make use of other data

such as maps, interviews, related literature and theories in order to come up

with applicable solutions to the problem.

5

B. RESEARCH PROCEDURES

1. Gathering of Data

The proponent, in order to collect needed data for the said proposal, will

perform the following methods in data gathering:

Ocular inspection of site

Collection of data from the 3 bus companies

Collection of data from Maayo Shipping Inc.

Interviews with people involved (CBL staff and drivers, passengers)

Library research and research through other means like the internet

Documentation of the site and its environment.

2. Treatment of data

After the collection of the needed data, the proponents will do the following

to filter out the collected data:

Analysis of collected data

Analysis of the site and possible spaces to be considered

Consideration of codes, regulations and government requirements

that might be applicable to the proposal and rules that apply to the

municipality of Samboan.

Translation of filtered data through preliminary sketches and

diagrams

Drafting of final drawings after the approval of preliminary drawings

6

IV. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

SCOPE

The focus of the study will deal with the integration of the ferry and the bus

terminal of the area and to add other facilities which can improve the condition of

the two facilities such as:

- Comfort

- Safety

- Efficiency

- Image

LIMITATIONS

a) Area of Study

The study will only focus on a specific area of Brgy. San Sebastian,

Samboan, Cebu namely the existing ferry terminal and the parcel of land used by

the Ceres Bus Liner as a bus terminal and garage.

This is just a mini depot that will serve for emergency and on-the-site

repairs of the buses. The depot will only be limited of service which will just focus

on maintenance and other repair that can be handling within the depot.

Heavy repair like changing of chassis, the body of the buses and the like

will be not be within the range of the depot.

b) Scope of Work

The scope of work will involve providing architectural design solutions to

address the problem at hand. Structural, Utilitarian and other studies may be

considered but will not go further into its details.

7

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Bus - is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers Buses are widely used public

transportation.

Bus Depot – a bus depot contains either or both of these areas.

Bus terminus / terminal – defines the facility where it drops and picks up

passengers. The term terminal is used because its not like an ordinary bus

stop.

Bus garage – pertains to the shop, maintenance, repair and stored.

Seldom used as a parking space for overnight stay of buses for early trips

in the dawn.

RORO – Roll On, Roll Off. A kind of ferry which boards commonly in a short

distance travel. Derived from the amphibian and commonly transport vehicles

and even buses.

Wharf – a structure on the shore of a harbor where ships may dock to load and

unload cargo and passengers.

Berth – refers to the cabin in a ship or ferry

Roadworthy Test – means the exams taken to the buses especially from long

trips. This will help to lessen engine trouble or any defects when at trip.

8

ORGANIZATION OF STUDY

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS PURPOSES

This chapter shows the general idea of the entire thesis study. It discusses about

the problem, the purpose, the objective, the significance, the methodology and the

scope and limitations of the study.

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter shows overviews of various existing projects that will serve as a

guide and idea of this study.

CHAPTER 3 THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT

This chapter identifies the framework of the project. It will tackle about the client,

the detail of the users’ activity. It will also identify the characteristics of the site.

CHAPTER 4 DESIRED BEHAVIORS

This chapter discusses the exact and detailed objectives that the study needs to

accomplish. This will establish and give the desired behaviors of the. It will be a

collaboration of the necessary design considerations.

CHAPTER 5 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

This shows the outline of the concept based on the resulting ideas. It gives the

overview of the upcoming state of the proposal.

CHAPTER 6 DESIGN OUTPUT

This chapter presents the final design solutions of the study. It gives the full

drawing requirements needed and said in the scope of the study.

CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter will provide all important data that will show a summary of specific

spaces. It will provide all data that will show the guidelines in visual interpretation.9

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

A PROPOSED INTERMODAL PASSENGER TRANSPORT TERMINAL IN DUAMGUETE CITY, (Araneta, Ramir Lorich R. and Go, Patrick Lendel C., March 2004)

This study focused only on the intermodal terminal for ferry and bus in an

existing port area of Dumaguete City. They focused purely on designing of the

terminal where it involves the accommodation of the passengers and light cargos

that will utilize either the land or the sea public transportation systems available

in the city. The study is also limited of designing small scale port area or the fast

ferry terminal. The study also focuses on the safety precautions and the security

of a public intermodal terminal.

A PROPOSED REDEVELOPMENT OF THE WATERFRONT MARKET AND BUS TERMINAL AREA OF TOLEDO CITY, (Abella, Roden Adam B. and Ong, John Jo. Y., March 2005)

This study focused on a terminal for buses and a market on the waterfront.

The development also includes the ferry terminal which connects the travel to

Negros Oriental.

The study focuses more on the market and is not applicable for my own

study. Moreover, the facts and data presented in this study would still be useful

enough especially for the flow and program of the spaces inside the terminal for

the bus and ferry.

10

CONCEPTS AND PHILOSOPHIES

Architecture: the Element of Success: Building Strategies and Business

Objectives by Susanne Knittel-Ammerschuber.

This book contains the principles in designing commercial or other

buildings in relation to the owner or the corporation itself. This book clearly

defines the relativity among building as to how they speak for the company itself.

This also contains the flexibility, transparency, innovation and other related topics

which deals in designing process.

Time-Saver Standards for Building Types by Joseph De Chiara, John Hancock Callender

This book has the comprehensive reference of all building types. It is

useful enough especially on standards and basic knowledge for a specific

building.

Architectural Programming & Predesign Manager by Robert G. Hershberger

This book includes all the programming process in design. The book also

shows how to accurately assess the client’s need, taste and goals. Its

programming issues deals with large and small scale architectural and interior

renovations and new projects.

11

INTERNET RELATED ARTICLES

A bus garage or bus depot is a building where buses are stored and maintained.

In many conurbations, bus garages are on the site of former car barns or tram sheds,

where Streetcars or Trams were stored, and the operation transferred to buses. In other

areas, garages were built to replace horse-bus yards or on virgin sites when populations

were not as high as now.

Most bus garages will contain the following elements:

Internal parking

External parking

Fueling point

Fuel storage tanks

Engineering section

Inspection pits

Bus wash

Brake test lane

Staff canteen/break room

Smaller garages may contain the minimum engineering facilities, restricted to

light servicing capabilities only. Garages may also contain recovery vehicles, often

converted buses, although their incidence has declined with the use of contractors to

recover break-downs, and the increase in reliability.

Overnight, the more valuable or regularly in-service buses will usually be stored

in the interior of the garage, with less used or older service vehicles, and vehicles

withdrawn for storage or awaiting disposal, stored externally. During the day, internal

and external areas will see a variety of movements. Heritage vehicles are almost

exclusively stored inside the garage.

12

Often garages will feature rest rooms for drivers assigned to 'as required' duties,

whereby they may be required to drive relief or replacement buses in the event of

breakdown. The garage may also have 'light duties' drivers, who merely move the

buses internally around the garage, often called shunting.

SOURCE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_garage

Tuen Mun Ferry Pier is a public pier located in the southern area of Tuen

Mun, Hong Kong.

Tuen Mun Ferry Pier, Tuen Mun Pier Head, Tuen Mun Ferry Pier Stop (MTR

Light Rail), Ocean Walk and Pierhead Garden are all part of the same complex that

consists of a light rail terminus, a bus terminus, a shopping center and a private

residence. It is named after its close proximity with the Tuen Mun Ferry Pier. The

complex is owned by KCRC Corporation. It has operated since November, 1986.

Before the extensive improvement of the road network during late 1990s and

2000s, the traffic congestion on the overloaded Tuen Mun Road was unbearable so

expansion on this road was needed. During this period, ferry service at this pier was

used as an alternative for traffic to and from Central on Hong Kong Island.

SOURCE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuen_Mun_Ferry_Pier

13

A Modern RoRo Terminal as Designed by Royal

Haskoning

The design of a modern RoRo terminal will require skill and experience to maximise the

efficiency of the land available which with many Ports in today’s market conditions is a

major issue.  RoRo terminals by their very nature are land hungry and our approach

linked with a close working relationship and understanding of our clients’ requirements

will deliver a successful and practical facility.

By choosing to engage Royal Haskoning to design your new RoRo terminal or review

your existing facility you will be drawing from years of experience which has helped us

to understand that the approach infrastructure

to the ‘in-gate’ is as important as the transition

between the vehicle link span and the vessel’s

bow or stern boarding ramp.

RoRo terminals can be designed to

accommodate freight only services with a

mixture of accompanied or unaccompanied

trailers or a mixture of freight and passenger

vehicle / foot passenger situations i.e. ferry terminals. Each type of facility has its own

unique needs and requirements and Royal Haskonings’ design teams are able to

provide a service that best suits our client’s needs.

Each operational process that takes place on the terminal is as important as the

previous one in order to provide a smooth and efficient turnaround of the vessel and our

designs over the years have provided our clients with these key elements.  The vehicle

movements in the ‘yard’ whether they be of a port tractor unit moving unaccompanied

trailers to / from the vessel or passenger vehicles / accompanied trailers requires careful

thought and planning to ensure that the terminal remains free flowing and devoid of

bottle-necks and lengthy queues.

14

The berthing structures can require innovative

designs in order to provide RoPax vessels with

the correct facilities for a safe approach and

berthing / mooring requirements along with the

fit-up with the linkspan and / or passenger

walkway for which special attention is always

required. We can design or provide

performance specifications for all types of

fender arrangements from torsion arms to floating pneumatics.

Vehicle linkspans or floating pontoon structures and passenger walkways are a

fundamental part of a successful RoRo or Ferry terminal to which a specialised

approach is needed to ensure compliance with the latest design and operational

legislation is achieved. Royal Haskoning have led the world in expertise in this area

providing designs and performance specifications for over 50 structures.

SOURCE: http://www.maritime-rh.com/roro-and-ferry-terminals-a-modern-roro-terminal.html

15

CHAPTER 3

THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT

I. THE CLIENT

Cebu Port Authority

Every port development or any terminal that to be constructed for water

vehicles must be managed by the Cebu Port Authority because they will handle

and supervise the port for every existing ports around the nation.

As a starting point for tourist and other travelers from other places, the

terminal will serve to its best and will be an introduction for Samboan and other

places in the province of Cebu. This will also be a great help for the government

of Samboan because this will generate income and maybe will also uplift the

name of the town itself for the recognition of the newly, modernized and a first

common terminal for ferry and buses in Cebu or even in the country.

II. THE USERS

A. CERES BUS COMPANY

16

A1. History

Ceres Liner is a bus line under Vallacar Transit Inc., the largest public land

transportation company in the island of Negros, Philippines. It operates bus

transport service to the whole island of Negros from Bacolod

City to Panay, Cebu and Samar-Leyte islands. 

It started their bus operations in the year 1968 in Bacolod, Negros

Occidental where now is the headquarters of the Ceres Bus Company. They

have an existing Ceres compound in Bacolod which is a kilometer away from the

City center.

Now, they have over 1500 bus units running all over the country and 80%

of these are found in the Visayas and Mindanao, the rest are found in Luzon.

They started their operations here in Cebu when they took over the ABC

Bus Lines in the southern part of the province.

B. MAAYO SHIPPING LINE

Maayo Shipping transports vehicles between Cebu and Negros islands.

The Ceres bus liner uses them to complete the link between Dumaguete and

Cebu City.

17

Maayo makes 12 round trips daily. Tampi (Negros Oriental) – Bato

(Samboan, Cebu), and the list of trips are as follows, first trip is at 5:00 am, then

6:30 am, 8:00 am, 9:30 am, 11:30 am, 1:30 pm, 3:00 pm, 4:30 pm, 6:00 pm,

7:30 pm and last trip ranges from 9:30 pm to 11:30 pm.

Maayo is the best option you can transport vehicles from Negros to Cebu

especially in the southern part of both of the Islands. The trip will just take for 45

minutes.

C. THE EMPLOYEES

There are several of employees in this facility and they are subdivided into

three facility, the common terminal and the bus depot. Inside the Terminal are the

common offices for the depot and the terminal itself. The employees would serve

for the efficiency of flow of the passengers as their main guests for the facility.

They will also help in creating a good flow, organized and well maintained facility.

TERMINAL

a. Ticketing Booth Officer

They are the ones who will issue ticket for the bus or the ferry trips.

b. Concessionaires

They are substitutes for those vendors you will found outside your

windows in the bus.

c. Security Personnel18

They are assigned for inspections and all for the security of every

person inside the facility

d. Maintenance

This will include all those personnel who are involved in the full

maintenance and repair within the facility.

e. Office Employees

a. General Manager

b. Secretary

c. Cebu Port Authority Office

d. Coast Guard

e. Marina

f. Dispatch Office

g. Terminal Operations Office

h. Accounting

i. Communication / Radio Control Office

j. Human Resource

BUS DEPOT

19

a. Drivers

They are the pilot of the bus.

b. Conductors

They are the partner of the bus driver in his entire travel. They are

the ones who issues tickets and collect your payments inside the

bus. (Only for those who ride along the trip)

c. Inspectors

Ceres Bus has inspectors which will check from time to time and

from bus-to-bus, the tickets issued by the conductors during the

trip.

d. Shop Operations Manager

All subject pertaining to the managing, maintaining, and operations

in the depot is his job.

e. Parts man

He is the one in charge of all the spare parts supplied to the depot

and records all parts delivered by the supplier and parts installed in

the buses.

f. Mechanics / Chief Mechanics

They check and repairs damages of any defects in the buses. They

are also obliged in the maintenance of those buses.

g. Electrician

20

All electronic works is their area of concern

h. Air conditioning Technician

They are assigned to the maintenance of the air conditioning units

in every air-conditioned bus.

i. Laborers

They are the ones who help the main personnel in their daily tasks.

They could be assigned in cleaning the site, washing of the buses

and other activities which require their service.

j. Canteen Personnel

They are assigned in preparation of food for the employees inside

the bus depot.

k. Security Guards

They are in charge for the safety and security of the site especially

for stealers of scrap metals and other parts which will be used for

the bus maintenance.

l. Caretakers

They are the ones who keep the site in an orderly and well

organized depot. They are also the one who report to the head of

the bus depot operation for updates.

III. THE SITE

21

The site is located along the coastline of Tañon Strait. It is

bounded by a provincial high way on the east side, and empty lots

along its northern and southern part. It is now the existing pier 3

where the Ceres Bus picks up their passengers from the RORO

port. On the northern part of the site, it is extended to

accommodate the bus depot. At present, the bus depot are shall we

call it a garage is just found along the west part of the site, still

adjacent to the road.

SITE

EXISTING CONDITIONS

22

The site is located in Brgy. San Sebastian, Samboan, Cebu. Right now, an

admin building was the only function facility what holds the trips from the ferry. It

also serves as the waiting area for the Ceres Bus Liner. A lot of eatery and

vendors are present now within the site. Way back then, this was used for the

ABC Lines.

23

Access

The site is not that hard to locate, because first of all, the site is located in

the province. And usually, developments takes place near the national highway.

So the site is just accessible directly from the provincial highway. And by sea, the

site is just by the coastline of the town. It is bounded by the Tañon Strait.

Topography

The town of Samboan is described as generally hilly and mountainous. It

is bounded by the town of Santander in the south and Ginatilan on its north. It is

the southern tip of the island of Cebu.

But the site itself is found on the flatlands part of the town, so the site has

a sloping roadway along its entry and a flat area on its lowland area.

24

ELECTRIC / WATER / COMMUNICATIONS

The town’s power source is the CEBECO (Cebu Electric Company). Its

water source comes from the Municipal Water System.

Its Telecommunication source is supported by the big 3 companies,

namely the GLOBE, SMART and SUN communications.

Weather and Climate

Temperature, moisture and movement of air determine weather and

climate. The principal climates zones defined in terms of temperature averages,

which occurs the broad areas of the earth. These are tropical, polar, and

temperature climate zones. The Philippines is within Tropical Climate Zone. The

Town of Santander has what is termed by the Weather Bureau as the third type

of climate in which there is no distinct wet or dry season. There is more rainfall

during the southeast monsoon seasons in the month of September. The summer

heat which generally comes in March reaches its peak in April and May. Humidity

is approximately 77%, decreasing during the summer months and increasing

during the rainy days by a few percent. As per records of the Weather Bureau,

the average temperature in Samboan is 27.4 C or 81.3 F

Temperature

25

Mean Annual Temperature : 26.50 'C

Mean Highest Monthly Temperature : 34.80 'C

Mean Lowest Monthly Temperature : 20.60 'C

Coldest Month : January

Warmest Month : May

1. Relative Humidity:

Average Relative Humidity: 75%

2. Wind Velocity and Direction:

Average Wind Velocity : 10 km/hr for varying directions

Northeast Wind (Amihan) : November to May

Southwest Monsoon (Habagat) : June to September

Typhoon usually comes : October to December

3. Land Cover:

The Municipality land use is mainly composed of:

a. Residential

b. Commercial

c. Institutional

d. Agricultural (remained only in the upland or hilly land areas)

CHAPTER 4DESIRED BEHAVIOUR OF THE USERS

26

I. CRITERIA FOR FUNTION

- Flow – the efficiency of the flow of users must be organized and must

not cross with each other to avoid bad traffic flow.

- Spaces must dictate itself as a security. It must be use as a defensible

space.

- Bus operations must not distract the activity within the terminal proper.

- Employees must have other flow for smooth operations.

A. SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Site

The proposed bus and ferry terminal would be the start of the

development in the locality and maybe in the provinces of Cebu. Here, the

trip will all start, and end your journey. As an existing municipal wharf, the

site will also be a new face for all and a transforming development of the

terminal and depot around the entire province of Cebu.

PUBLIC AREAS

Lobby

This will serve as the welcoming part of the facility where

passengers arrive and will go.

Concession Spaces

27

As of existing eatery and vendors in the site, this will serve as their

substitute. This will cater all necessary needs of the passengers.

Parking Areas

Adequate parking areas for passengers and for those who will meet

and drop their passengers

Bus parking areas

This will be only used for the buses in the terminal.

Ticketing Booth

Found at the lobby for those who will board for bus or by ferry.

Pre Departure Waiting Area

This will serve as waiting area for those passengers in the ferry

Passenger Concourse

This will be used for the passengers for the bus. This will help in

security and safety. This will also guide the passengers where they will go

for the trip they needed to.

First Aid Station

In any case of emergency especially for those who are called

“biyahilo.”

28

PRIVATE AREAS

Administrative Area

This will be the common area or building for the offices needed for

the facility. It must be designed that the facility will be a suitable

place for the office employees to work on. The building would also

serve as the watch tower of the overall progress and operation

within the site, from the terminal down to the bus depot.

General Manager’s Office

The office of the manager and assistant manager is found in this

area. This office will have meeting rooms, comfort rooms and

lounge or waiting area for those who need the manager. Privacy is

highly needed in this office as transactions or other negotiations will

be held in this area.

Secretary’s Office

This will entertain first those who have transactions within the

manager inside his office. This also must have a high privacy for

some other business would happen here. And this area is adjacent

to the manager’s office and the accounting office.

Accounting Area

Involves all regarding with the flow of money within the facility. This

section divides into two fields, the money from the terminal itself

and for the depot.

Radio / Communications Room

29

This is where the communications especially in the ferry is housed.

This area must be within the clear sights for uninterrupted signals

for communication purposes.

Surveillance Room

In this room are found all the TV monitoring all angles within the

facility especially in the terminal where security must be a high

level.

Security Office

This will house the security guards in the facility. They have also

their locker and private comfort rooms for convenience.

BUS GARAGE / ROADWORTHY TEST / BUNKHOUSE Service Depot

This is where repairs, minor and major, are being executed. Service

bays spaces are to be noted in this area.

Electronics

All jobs pertaining to the electronic and electrical works to be done

for the buses.

Air-Conditioning

This is where the repair for Air-Conditioning System for air-

conditioned buses takes place. This will not be a large in space

requirement because not all of their bus units are air conditioned.

Operator’s Office

30

The Ceres Bus Liner would be the primary user of the bus depot.

This also includes the dispatch officer office along with it to get to

know the operation status.

Body Building Area

This involves all vulcanizing, other parts repair and welding area.

This area may provide also electrical area for this involves welding

works which greatly affects the power consumption.

Storage Areas

Within each department or area, a storage room would be needed

for safety, clean and organized operation will partake. Stealing of

scraps is a huge issue in this facility, so storage rooms must be

fully secured.

Canteen

An exclusive canteen would be necessary for the bus drivers and

garage employees.

Driver’s Lounge

An area provided for drivers to rest and relaxes as they wait their

turn for the next trip.

Comfort Rooms

For every space designed in the facility, comfort rooms must be

needed.

B. SPACE RELATIONSHIP

31

PROXIMITY MATRIXLEGEND:1 – ESSENTIAL; 2 – DESIRABLE; 3 – TOLERABLE; 4 – NON TOLERABLE

COMMON TERMINAL

Spaces

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LOBBY                          

TICKET BOOTHS 1                        

CONCESSION / COMFORT ROOMS 1 1                      

PASSENGER PARKING AREAS 1 1 1                    

BUS PARKING AREA 2 1 1 2                  

FERRY DEPARTURE / WAITING AREA 2 1 1 3 4                

BUS PASSENGER CONCOURSE 2 1 1 3 1 4              

FIRST AID STATION 1 1 2 2 3 2 2            

MANAGERS OFFICE 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 4          

SECRETARY'S OFFICE 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 1        

ACCOUNTING OFFICE 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 1      

SURVEILLANCE 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3    

SECURITY 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1  

32

BUS GARAGE

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SERVICE DEPOT                  

BODY BUILDING DEPARTMENT 1                

ELECTRONICS 1 1              

AIR-CONDITIONING 2 1 2            

OPERATOR'S OFFICE 1 2 2 3          

STORAGE AREAS 1 1 1 1 1        

CANTEEN 1 2 2 3 3 3      

DRIVER'S LOUNGE 3 3 3 4 3 3 1    

COMFORT ROOMS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  

II. CRITERIA FOR FORM / MATERIAL

- Modern design techniques and building forms will be applied.

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- The use of materials which are anti rust and will not corrode would be

the best fir for the facility because it is near the sea.

- Creating revolutionary designs which will may be the start of new

designs of commercial and terminal structures.

- A challenge will be for the form of the garage and to stay to its function

but will be more efficient enough to support its necessary operations.

- Having a part of the town of Santander, related ideas and some

identity of the town will be a key for some of the design principles.

- Designing to stand out within the site. This is greatly a help to uplift the

towns identity.

III. CRITERIA FOR SECURITY

- Creating a space that will protect from stealers of any materials

especially in the garage.

- Avoiding many partitions in the lobby where it help to create suspected

activities in the facility.

IV. SPECIAL CONSIDERATION

1. Antropometrics – deals with physical human dimensions, considering its

parts in relation to its static and dynamic function. The concept here is that the

34

build environment should be based on the dimension of the user in relation to its

space, equipments and other facilities.

2. Comfort – it deals with condition of the design space in relation to its

environment. This is an important factor since it affects the condition and the

behavior of the users. The concept here is to provide a space that is obtained at

thermal comfort using natural ventilation over such mechanical means.

The following are the guidelines:

Proper orientation with respect to sun path and prevailing winds

Inducement of cross ventilation through appropriate construction

Providing sufficient overhangs and shading devices

Reduction of heat radiation through insulation

3. Acoustics – a proper acoustics enable the employees to be able to

communicate and clearly get the requests of its clients and its superiors. With

respect to this, the choice of materials is important to minimize and reduce the

intrusion of destructive sounds.

The following are the guidelines:

Providing acoustical plaster on both walls and ceilings

Using acoustical tiles on ceilings

Location of noise producing machines should be considered

V. OBJECT CRITERIA

A. SITE REQUIREMENTS

35

1. PARKING

- Parking area is a necessity for this proposed facility. Parking spaces

are to be separated according to overnight and short stay parking. Bus

loading and unloading berths are to be separated and must be near

the waiting areas for the passengers. Parking areas for the buses in

the garage must be separated from the parking slots for those buses to

be repaired. Parking spaces for disabled could be excused since the

facility is catering able service men.

2. CURBS

- Dropped curbs are to be provided in walkways which change in level

- Dropped curbs at crossings have a width corresponding to the width of

the crossing; otherwise, the minimum width is 0.90m.

- Dropped curbs shall be ramped towards adjoining curbs with a

gradient not more than 1:12.

- Dropped curbs should be provided at pedestrian crossings and at the

end of walkways of a private street or access road.

- Dropped curbs at crossings have a width corresponding to the width of

the crossing; otherwise, the minimum width is 0.90 m.

- Dropped curbs shall be ramped towards adjoining curbs with a

gradient not more than 1:12.

- Curb cut-outs should only be allowed when it will not obstruct a

walkway or in any lessen the width of a walkway.

- The minimum width of a curb cut-out should be 0.90 m.

- Curb cut-outs should have a gradient not more than 1:12.

3. WALKWAYS AND PASSAGEWAYS

- Walkways should be kept as level as possible

- Whenever and wherever possible, walkways should have a gradient no

more than 1:20 or 5%.

36

- Walkways should have a maximum cross gradient of 1:100.

- Walkways should have a minimum width of 1.20 meters.

- If possible, gratings should never be located along walkways. When

occurring along walkways, gratings openings should have a maximum

dimension of 13mm x 13mm and shall not project more than 6.5 mm

above the level of the walkway.

- Walkways should have a continuing surface without abrupt pitches in

angle or interruptions by cracks or breaks creating edges above 6.50

mm.

- In lengthy or busy walkways, spaces should be provided at some point

along the route so that a wheelchair or a push cart may pass another

or turn around. These spaces should have a minimum dimension of

1.50m and should be spaced at a maximum distance of 12.0 m

between stops.

- Walkway headroom should not be less than 2.0m and preferably

higher.

4. HANDRAILS

- Handrails should be installed at both sides of ramps and stairs and at

the outer edges of dropped curbs. Handrails at dropped curbs should

not be installed beyond the width of any crossing so as not to obstruct

pedestrian flow.

- Handrails shall be installed at 0.90m and 0.70m above steps or ramps.

Handrails for protection at great heights may be installed at 1.0m to

1.06m.

- A 0.30m long extension of the handrail should be provided at the start

and end of ramps and stairs.

- Handrails that require full grips should have a dimension of 30mm to

50mm.

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5. CROSSINGS

- In order to reduce the exposure time to vehicular traffic, all at grade

crossing should:

o Be as near perpendicular to the carriageway as possible.

o Be located at the narrowest, most convenient pan of

carriageway.

All crossings should be located close if not contiguous with

the normal pedestrian line.

B. BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

1. ENTRANCES

- Entrances should be accessible from arrival and departure point is to

the interior lobby.

- In case entrances are not on the same level of the site arrival grade,

ramps should be provided as access to the entrance level.

- Entrances with vestibules shall be provided a level area with at least a

1.80m depth and a 1.50m width.

2. RAMPS

- Changes in level require a ramp except when served by a dropped

curb.

- Ramps shall have a minimum clear width of 1.20m.

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- The maximum gradient shall be 1:12.

- The length of a ramp should not exceed 6.00m if the gradient is 1:12,

longer ramps whose gradient is 1:12 shall be provided with landings

not less than 1.50m.

- A level area not less than 1.80m. should be provided at the top and

bottom of any ramp.

- Handrails will be provided on both sides of the ramp at 0.70m. and

0.90m from the ramp level.

- Ramps shall be equipped with curbs on both sides with a minimum

height of 0.10m.

- Any ramp with a rise greater than 0.20m and leads down towards an

area where vehicular traffic is possible, should have a railing across

the full width of its lower end, not less than 1.80m from the foot of the

ramp.

3. DOORS

- All doors shall have a minimum clear width of 0.80m.

- Clear openings shall be measured between the surface of the fully

open door at the hinge and the door jamb at the stop.

- Doors should be operable by a pressure or force not more than 4.0kg;

the closing device pressure an interior door shall not exceed 1kg.

- A minimum clear level space of 1.50m x 1.50 m shall be provided

before and extending beyond a door.

- Protection should be provided form doors that swing into corridors.

- Out swinging doors should be provided at storage rooms, closets and

accessible restroom stalls.

- Latching or non – latching hardware should not require wrist action or

fine finger manipulation.

- Doorknobs and other hardware should be located between 0.82m and

1.06m above the floor, 0.90 is preferred.

39

- Vertical pull handles, centered at 1.06m above the floor are preferred

to horizontal pull bars for swing doors or doors with locking devices.

- Doors along major circulation routes should be provided with kick

plates made of durable materials at a height of 0.30m to 0.40m.

4. CORRIDORS

- Corridors shall have a minimum clear width of 1.20m; waiting areas

and other facilities or spaces shall not obstruct the minimum clearance

requirement.

- Recesses or turnabout spaces should be provided for wheelchairs to

turn around or to enable another wheelchair to pass; these spaces

shall have a minimum area of 1.50m x 1.50m and shall be spaced at a

maximum of 12.0m.

- Turnabout spaces should also be provided at or within 3.50m of every

dead end.

- As in walkways, corridors should be maintained level and provided with

a slip resistant surface.

5. WASHROOMS AND TOILETS

- Accessible public washrooms and toilets shall permit easy passage of

wheelchair and allow the occupant to enter a stall, close the door and

transfer to the water closet from either a frontal or lateral position.

- Accessible water closet stalls shall have a minimum area of 1.70 x

1.80m. One movable grab bar and one fixed to the adjacent wall shall

be installed at the accessible water closet stall for lateral mounting;

fixed grab bars on both sides of the wall shall be installed for stalls for

frontal mounting.

40

- A turning space of 2.25 sqm. with a minimum dimension of 1.50m for

wheelchair shall be provided for water closet stalls for lateral mounting.

- All accessible public toilets shall have accessories such as mirrors,

paper dispensers, towel racks and fittings such as faucets mounted at

heights reachable by a person in a wheelchair.

- The minimum number of accessible water closets on each floor level or

on that part of a floor level accessible to the disabled shall be one (1)

where the total number of water closets per set on that level is 20 and

two(2) where the number of water closets exceeds 20.

- The maximum height of water closets should be 0.45m; flush control

should have a maximum height of 1.20m.

- Maximum height of lavatories should be 0.80m with a knee recess of

the 0.60 – 0.70m vertical clearance and a 0.50 m depth.

- Urinals should have an elongated lip or though type; the maximum

height of the lip should be 0.48m.

6. STAIRS

- Tread surfaces should be s slip-resistant material; nosing may be

provided with slip resistant strips to further minimize slipping.

- Slanted nosing are preferred to projecting nosing so as not to pose

difficulty for people using crutches or braces whose feet have a

tendency to get caught in the recessed space or projecting nosing. For

the same reason, open stringers should be avoided.

- The leading edge of each step on both runner and riser should be

marked with a pant or non-skid material that has a color and gray value

which is in high contrast to the gray value of the rest of the stairs;

markings of this sort would be helpful to die visually impaired as well

as to the fully sighted person.

41

- A tactile strip 0.30m wide shall be installed before hazardous areas

such as sudden changes in floor levels and at the top and bottom of

stairs; special care must be taken to ensure the proper mounting or

adhesion of tactile strips so as not to cause accidents.

CHAPTER 5DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

I. DEVELOPING THE DESIGN CONCEPTS

A. IDENTIFYING THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PASSENGERS42

The flow of passengers is sorted through their travel types. By analyzing

thoroughly the flow of passengers, this will led to a more organized planning and

arrangement of spaces. Separating of the arrival and the departure will be an important

factor for these because it will lead to a more efficient and secure terminal.

B. IDENTIFYING THE BUS FLOW

43

CEBU CITY

TYPES OF PASSENGERS

BATO AMLAN

CEBU CITY

BATO

- via BUS- via RORO

1

2 4

3

78

CEBU – AMLANAMLAN – CEBU LEGEND :

BATO AMLAN 65

FROM AMLAN TO AMLAN

TERMINAL

TO CEBU CITY FROM CEBU CITY

The arrangement of the buses is according to the most efficient way of the bus flow as it negates the intersection from arrival and departure, creates a single loop inside the terminal and a counterclockwise flow that respects the flow of the buses from the port. The reason that it is situated in a counterclockwise way is to negate the intersection from the inbound buses to the outbound buses because we have a right hand drive system.

44

This is the flow of passengers on the site deriving from the types of passengers

and the bus flow in the previous tables.

45

PASSENGER FLOW TO AMLAN

T E

R

M

I

N

A

L

FROM CEBU CITY

TO CEBU CITY

TO CEBU CITY

With the different flow of the users and the buses already plotted in the site, intersections are present which leads to a chaotic and inefficient terminal already.

46

PASSENGER FLOW

FROM CEBU CITY

INTERSECTION 2

INTERSECTION 1

TO AMLANINTERSECTION 3

T E

R

M

I

N

A

L

TO CEBU CITY

1st intersection solution – create a direct exit for arriving passengers that will not go to the RORO anymore.

2nd intersection solution – create a direct entrance for departure in the lower left. This will also help in security for late travels and for 1st trips at midnight where the facility itself is still closed as this entrance will be 1st to open at around 1am.

3rd intersection solution – designed the offices to be at in between to hallways. This will tend to create poor ventilation for the offices, so I created the hallways to be just open and not covered by wall or glass curtain.

47

PASSENGER FLOW

FROM CEBU CITY

TO AMLAN

T E

R

M

I

N

A

L

DIRECT ENTRANCE

TO CEBU CITY

1. Roadworthy test is at the left side to have a direct link to the arriving buses from RORO which is their priority in the test.

2. RORO berths are found at the waterfront of the site.

3. The terminal is derived from the arrangement of spaces in the previous table

4. Parking slots are subdivided to private parking areas, jeepney and tricycle (which will be used for future expansion of the terminal for jeepneys) and the private vehicle pre departure parking area.

48

JEEPNEY AND TRICYCLE TERMINAL

PARKING AREAS

ROADWORTHY TEST AND GARAGE

TERMINAL

VEHICLE PRE DEPARTURE PARKING

RORO BERTHS

CHAPTER 6DESIGN OUTPUT

49

50

TERMINAL

51

TERMINAL

52

TERMINAL

53

TERMINAL ROOF PLAN

54

TERMINAL

55

BUNKHOUSE

56

BUNKHOUSE

57

PERSPECTIVES

58

SITE PERSPECTIVE

59

DETAILS

60

CISTERN DETAILS

Roof Area = 3 725.40 sq. m. = 40 099.87 sq. ft.

Inches of Rainfall Gallons/Square Foot

0 0.001 0.622 1.243 1.864 2.485 3.106 3.727 4.348 4.969 5.5810 6.2011 6.8212 7.4413 8.0614 8.6815 9.3016 9.9217 10.5418 11.16

ANNUAL PRECIPATATION IN CEBU (2009)

61

Average: 105.8mm = 4.17 inches

SOLUTION:

Average precipitation x 0.75 = Normal precipitation

4.17 inches x 0.75 = 3.1275 inches

3.1275 = 4 inches = 2.48 gallons of collected rainwater

Area x 2.48 gallons

40 099.879 sq. ft. x 2.48 gallons = 99 447.7GALLONS

Equation 1.    V = A2 x R x 0.90 x 7.5 gals./  ft.3        where:

V= volume of rain barrel (gallons)A2= surface area roof (square feet)R= rainfall (feet)

0.90= losses to system (no units)7.5= conversion factor (gallons per cubic foot)

99 447.7 x 0.416 x 0.90 x 7.5 gals. / cu. ft.

VOLUME = 279 249.14 cu. meters

62

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION

It is a fact that most of the government projects now, focuses in the rural areas of

the archipelago because private investors lead in the development in the urban areas.

So as a start of the development, facilities and architectural solutions must be set first to

have an order and to have a better plan for the future. Without architectural knowledge,

tendency is that the development will just cause damage to the town itself.

The study will help in the development system of the government for the country

itself. This would set the standards for any developments they proposed. As a new

establishment in the south, this will create a direct link from Visayas to Mindanao, so it

will shorten the time of travel like before that it used to travel first to Dumaguete before

reaching to Mindanao.

As a factor of safety for the passengers and the drivers as well, this facility brings

the roadworthy test or a light repair before travel. This will ensure the safety for

everyone or at least lessen the chance to get any failure while on travel.

63

With all these proposed developments and possible increase in number of

vessels and buses, the facility is equipped with all the amenities and the space

requirements for it is planned not just for today but for the future also.

RECOMMENDATION

The project is ready for future expansions. It is well designed to overcome the

inconvenient, unsafe and unpleasant travel. The facility will just cater for RORO vessels

only and not for ferry vessels as it has a different loading dock as to the ferry.

So, for the following proponents who would want to tackle this thesis again, there

are still new innovations and ideas coming but standards are really the standards. I

know that there are lots of things that can be added to this facility, but with this facility

alone, it will hold up and survive to its functionality, strength and beauty.

For the future persons who are willing to continue this study, further study of

large RORO vessels would be useful for it is common especially within the city because

of large number of vehicles inside the vessel. But, with all the hard work and time I

spent on this study, I am comfortable enough that my study is a success and its all

worth it.

64

CHAPTER 8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_garage

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuen_Mun_Ferry_Pier

http://www.maritime-rh.com/roro-and-ferry-terminals-a-modern-roro-terminal.html

http://www.dutchpickle.com/philippines/negros/maayo-shipping.html

http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleid=525403

http://www.ufs.ph/2009-10/node/1904

Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344) and its Amended Implementing Rules

and Regulations – Philippines

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