An Instructor’s Options

Frank T. Stritter, Ph.D.The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Goals

Describe various options

Describe instructor’s role Choose formats creatively

Clusters of an Instructor’s Skills, Strategies and Attitudes

1. Organizing and explaining material2. Creating an environment for

learning3. Helping learners become

autonomous4. Reflecting on and evaluating

teaching

Instructional Strategies

Formats Media

Large Group

Lecture Lecture / Discussion

The Lecturer

Orients Directs Explains Compares Narrates

Uses audiovisuals Varies activities Is lively Closes

Small Group

SeminarSeminar

Learner -Learner -centeredcentered

The Leader

Sets task Informs Challenges Releases tension Elicits Supports

Tutorial

The Tutor

Instructs learner how to preparePresents content via materialsMeets with learnerQuestions learnerClassifies response and provides

feedbackDetermines next questionEnds meeting

Individual

The Instructor

Negotiates outcomes Agrees upon tasks Develops bench marks Allows reasonable flexibility Evaluates comprehension Provides feedback when

necessary

Experiential InternshipInternship

Learner researchLearner research

AssistantAssistant

The Supervisor

Diagnoses learner’s need Negotiates

responsibilities/expectations Performs, observes, assigns Debriefs Provides feedback Ensures time to reflect Summarizes and closes

Type of Participation People RememberHearing,

Saying,

Seeing,

and Doing

Visual

Verbal

90% of what they do

70% of what they say or write

50% of what they hear and see

30% of what they see

20% of what they hear or read

Practice by Doing the Real ThingPractice by Doing the Real Thing

Simulate an ExperienceSimulate an Experience

Prepare and Deliver a PresentationPrepare and Deliver a Presentation

Participate in a Discussion GroupParticipate in a Discussion Group

Watch a DemonstrationWatch a Demonstration

View a Multimedia PresentationView a Multimedia Presentation

Watch VideoWatch Video

View a Still PictureView a Still Picture

Hear PresentationHear Presentation

ReadRead

Learning Pyramid

In Summary:

Large Group Small Group Tutorial Individualized Experiential

In Conclusion:

No one best strategy More than one format Each learner has specific needs Adapt to what learner needs Each instructor has strengths Each instructor should be assigned

based on strengths

Stephen Covey

“Successful people begin with the end in mind.”

General Colin Powell

“There are no secrets to success. It is the result

of preparation, hard work and learning from

failure.”

Confucius says:

“What I hear, I forget.What I see, I remember.

What I do, I learn!”

Coach Vince Lombardi

“Practice does not make perfect. Perfect practice

makes perfect.”

Coach Joe Young

“No one cares how much you know until

they knowhow much you care.”

Coach Paul Bryant “I’m just a plow hand from Arkansas, but I have learned how to hold a team together. You have to lift some up and calm others down until you have just one heartbeat.

That’s what it takes to make each one a winner”

Peter E. King

“ Those who can – do,Those who think that

others can also – teach.”

President Ruth Simmons

If it hadn’t been for my teachers, my God, I don’t know what would have happened to me.”

Mitch Albom

“Have you ever had a teacher - one who saw

you as raw, but precious jewel, that with wisdom could be polished to a

proud shine? “

Albert Camus

“Without you, without the affectionate hand you

extended to me, without your teaching, and your example, none of this

would have happened.”