an historical perspective on modern vs ancient...
TRANSCRIPT
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Inequality of wealth vs inequality of status An historical perspective on modern vs ancient
inequality regimes
Thomas Piketty LSE, March 23 2016
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Modern inequality is supposed to based upon equality of rights and opportunities ( meritocracy ); as opposed to ancient inequality, based upon formal inequalities of status (slavery, serfdom, castes, etc.)
Ok, except that: (1) Modern equality of rights and opportunities is
largely a myth invented by the winners of the system; modern inequality stigmatizes the poors as undeserving, in some cases to justify extreme concentration of income, wealth and power
(2) Ancient inequality of status still exists, directly or indirectly: migrant workers, racial or social discrimination (e.g. Muslim names today)
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25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Sha
re o
f top
dec
ile in
nat
iona
l inc
ome
The top decile share in U.S. national income dropped from 45-50% in the 1910s-1920s to less than 35% in the 1950s (this is the fall documented by Kuznets); it then rose from less than 35% in the 1970s to 45-50% in the 2000s-2010s.
Sources and series: see
Figure I.1. Income inequality in the United States, 1910-2012
Share of top decile in total income (including capital gains)
Excluding capital gains
F8.1
0.4650.2641016564
0.46750.2655215578
0.46310416670.2630248979
0.470.2669414592
0.45870833330.2605282379
0.39671666670.2253194168
0.44741666670.2541150167
0.43528333330.247223762
0.38891666670.2208893245
0.42250.21464865
0.39590.2208893245
0.3970.2149069191
0.41540.2346696538
0.43540.2450258748
0.42140.2401386205
0.44070.2534190558
0.42060.240940396
0.42950.2654613554
0.42750.2657944
0.41590.264583181
0.41080.2678723418
0.41120.2717488179
0.43440.2813191739
0.44870.2736997237
0.46010.2683584999
0.46610.2661758819
0.4410.2414527883
0.4290.2368395983
0.42520.2450368259
0.38240.2303717832
0.39110.2253854718
0.3870.223022699
0.35040.2219306298
0.32260.2259098778
0.29420.2295433541
0.2970.2411569551
0.32870.2694114326
0.3320.2568602059
0.32350.2633264009
0.3220.2443089792
0.31970.2697925959
0.32930.2682490133
0.33190.2668814468
0.32890.2487789144
0.33530.2548663648
0.34420.2574417949
0.34360.2539613018
0.34740.2601943861
0.34050.2747366994
0.35880.267821119
0.36110.2640420565
0.36820.2740518962
0.35880.2737905476
0.36410.272354025
0.36840.2802941907
0.37150.2817737626
0.36460.283871327
0.36210.2838769137
0.3480.2793922437
0.33960.2746772156
0.33140.2741029279
0.33350.2780788972
0.33030.2728199163
0.3390.2722530952
0.33330.2643349025
0.33410.2692838523
0.33190.2632603096
0.31680.2610089807
0.31380.2595767836
0.31030.2576697519
0.30690.2617300814
0.30730.2600098808
0.29930.256795873
0.30430.2598897925
0.30520.2591649519
0.31050.2636383816
0.31390.2637642052
0.31730.2625327328
0.32090.2642228172
0.32420.2614761858
0.32640.2624509238
0.32440.2593387781
0.32230.2623607257
0.32220.2579597408
0.32370.2566982718
0.32410.2537898414
0.32040.2544593732
0.32170.2572766589
0.32590.2606355708
0.330.2639145087
0.33050.2643143791
0.33090.2646342755
0.33030.2641544309
0.33110.2647942237
0.33450.2675133429
0.32890.2680347936
0.32810.2683950009
0.33150.2721141201
0.33030.2721544309
0.32690.2704353118
0.32956666670.2735679543
Share of top income decile in total income
Share of top wage decile in total wage bill
Inequality of total income (labor and capital) has dropped in France during the 20th century, while wage inequality has remained the same. Sources and series: see piketty.pse.ens.fr/capital21c.
Share of top decile in total (incomes or wages)
Figure 8.1. Income inequality in France, 1910-2010
F8.2
0.2050.0590310253
0.20750.0597509159
0.2078750.0598588995
0.210.0604708064
0.208250.0579668831
0.18310.0477247841
0.20650.0484629597
0.20090.0458504048
0.17950.0476881417
0.1950.0561514631
0.17950.0573819489
0.17320.052273989
0.17870.0591082152
0.18910.0647577247
0.17960.0613131999
0.18160.0684785252
0.17820.0679988681
0.17450.0739154577
0.17270.0732176797
0.16150.0710860795
0.15310.0710905415
0.14630.0702089401
0.1480.07107068
0.14950.0682089932
0.15280.0671089797
0.1540.0670904094
0.14740.0610734282
0.14460.0593023416
0.14270.0603591509
0.1330.0567467571
0.13350.0535184946
0.12880.0509364803
0.11530.0486674743
0.10130.0466476699
0.08370.0515426927
0.07540.0594034345
0.09220.0657318567
0.09220.0682808753
0.08750.0691032584
0.09010.070829894
0.08980.0699256416
0.090.0689559767
0.09160.0703382842
0.090.067124312
0.09140.0706584701
0.09330.0728844296
0.09370.0718891151
0.09370.0765203807
0.09010.0831594673
0.09460.0820782336
0.09710.0828874831
0.09880.0794437401
0.09460.0771030976
0.09430.0762159966
0.09560.0771095463
0.09580.0794277796
0.09360.0822256701
0.09360.0802022523
0.08770.0794794512
0.08550.0669525096
0.08330.065200468
0.08470.0664276973
0.08520.0643861942
0.08870.068689693
0.0850.0633208866
0.08480.0644228347
0.08440.0599883162
0.07790.0578828523
0.0780.0574229141
0.07820.0567515742
0.07630.0582480318
0.07550.058325735
0.07070.058026594
0.06990.0590862986
0.07030.0572283717
0.0720.0606712735
0.07440.0591379049
0.07750.0573618996
0.07920.0584041263
0.08210.05770569
0.08230.0578361199
0.07970.0566453919
0.07750.0604443022
0.07650.0586150124
0.07710.0575347325
0.0770.0561560533
0.07730.0563042005
0.07770.0569275811
0.07940.0581731008
0.08150.0597116841
0.08290.0607374063
0.08430.0617631285
0.08460.0619829261
0.08550.0626423189
0.08730.0639611046
0.08730.0669611046
0.08940.0694996879
0.09250.0717709298
0.0880.0694739657
0.08380.0683967991
0.08810.0715472315
Share of top income percentile in total income
Share of top wage percentile in total wage bill
The fall in the top percentile share (the top 1% highest incomes) in France between 1914 and 1945 is due to the fall of top capital incomes. Sources and series: see piketty.pse.ens.fr/capital21c.
Share of top percentile in total (incomes or wages)
Figure 8.2. The fall of rentiers in France, 1910-2010
F8.3
0.77822555540.13106849160.090705953
0.67793887450.17027900090.1517821246
0.46745589120.29907317690.2334709319
0.36341964380.38551455060.2510658056
0.22584976120.4988916580.2752585808
0.13692724980.63901869040.2240540597
Labor income becomes less and less important as one goes up within the top decile of total income. Notes: (i) "P90-95" includes individuals between percentiles 90 to 95, "P95-99" includes the next 4%, "P99-99.5" the next 0.5%, etc. (ii) Labor income: wages, bonuses, pensions. Capital income: dividends, interest, rent. Mixed income: self-employment income. Sources and series: see piketty.pse.ens.fr/capital21c.
Labor income
Capital income
Mixed income
Share in total income of various fractiles
Figure 8.3. The composition of top incomes in France in 1932
F8.4
0.87953766560.05043296280.0700293715
0.77634876530.08247831240.1411729222
0.60120619610.15094187570.2478519281
0.47834733980.22368693510.2979657251
0.36578411250.37468027130.2595356162
0.27051514060.57857967750.1509051818
Labor income
Capital income
Mixed income
Capital income becomes dominant at the level of the top 0.1% in France in 2005, as opposed to the top 0.5% in 1932. Sources and series: see piketty.pse.ens.fr/capital21c.
Share in total income of various fractiles
Figure 8.4. The composition of top incomes in France in 2005
F8.5
0.4057850620.4035813416
0.4079544250.4057389233
0.41132264660.4090888529
0.4101237880.4078965051
0.41469086810.4124387824
0.4014463360.3992661781
0.44095157840.4385568771
0.40510.4029
0.40110.399
0.40320.3948
0.39010.381
0.43180.4286
0.43720.4295
0.41460.4059
0.44410.4326
0.46350.4417
0.45710.4407
0.46670.4467
0.49290.4609
0.46710.4376
0.43870.4307
0.44540.444
0.46370.463
0.4560.4503
0.45780.4516
0.44490.4339
0.46590.4477
0.44230.4335
0.44070.43
0.45520.4457
0.45290.4443
0.41930.4102
0.36130.3549
0.33690.3267
0.32510.3155
0.34420.3264
0.3670.3462
0.34350.3302
0.35010.3372
0.34750.3376
0.35560.3387
0.34220.3282
0.33210.3207
0.32310.3138
0.33640.3212
0.33940.3177
0.33460.3181
0.32990.3169
0.33560.3211
0.340.3203
0.33480.3166
0.34250.319
0.3370.3204
0.33780.3201
0.34420.3164
0.34780.3152
0.33670.3198
0.34440.3205
0.34850.3198
0.33930.3182
0.32630.3151
0.33340.3175
0.33590.3162
0.33330.3185
0.33310.3236
0.33430.3262
0.33410.3242
0.33580.3243
0.33490.3244
0.34210.3235
0.34630.3287
0.34540.3272
0.35330.3322
0.36380.3369
0.36740.3395
0.37560.3425
0.40630.3457
0.38250.3648
0.40630.3863
0.40080.3847
0.39980.3884
0.39550.3838
0.40820.3982
0.40680.3948
0.40780.396
0.42110.4054
0.43480.4116
0.44640.4173
0.45390.4212
0.46470.4267
0.47610.4311
0.44820.4223
0.43820.4236
0.44530.4276
0.4640.4364
0.48330.4494
0.49320.455
0.49740.4567
0.48230.4596
0.4650.4547
0.4790.4626
0.48130.4663
0.50420.4816
Share of top decile in total income (including capital gains)
Excluding capital gains
Share of top decile in national income
Figure I.1. Income inequality in the United States, 1910-2012
F8.6
0.17770.12921815110.0988669109
0.178650.12990896280.0993954622
0.1801250.13098153890.1002161077
0.17960.13059977450.0999240135
0.18160.1320541150.1010367531
0.17580.12783652760.0978098083
0.19310.14041657270.1074350056
0.17740.1290.0987
0.15960.13530.1062
0.16410.13760.1015
0.14830.13490.1069
0.15640.15160.1238
0.17060.14880.1178
0.15640.14140.1168
0.17420.14690.123
0.20240.14770.1134
0.19910.1470.111
0.21030.14660.1098
0.23940.14620.1073
0.22350.14130.1023
0.17220.14840.1181
0.1550.15730.1331
0.15560.17110.137
0.16460.16730.1241
0.1640.17310.1207
0.16680.1560.1221
0.19290.15350.1195
0.17150.15120.1196
0.15750.15590.1273
0.16180.1610.1324
0.16480.15740.1307
0.15790.1420.1194
0.13430.12370.1033
0.12310.11770.0961
0.11280.11490.0974
0.12520.12270.0963
0.13280.13490.0993
0.11960.12720.0967
0.12240.12820.0995
0.11730.12780.1024
0.12820.12710.1003
0.11790.12410.1002
0.10790.12280.1014
0.0990.12110.103
0.10770.12530.1034
0.11060.12540.1034
0.10670.12460.1033
0.10160.12440.1039
0.10210.12720.1063
0.10650.12740.1061
0.10030.12540.1091
0.10640.12860.1075
0.09950.12860.1089
0.09920.12920.1094
0.10480.13020.1092
0.10890.12990.109
0.10180.12740.1075
0.10740.12960.1074
0.11210.12940.107
0.10350.12730.1085
0.09030.12630.1097
0.0940.12860.1108
0.09640.12880.1107
0.09160.13050.1112
0.09120.130.1119
0.08870.13110.1145
0.08860.13110.1144
0.09030.13090.1146
0.08950.13090.1145
0.09960.12970.1128
0.10020.13150.1146
0.10020.13020.115
0.1080.13030.115
0.11560.13290.1153
0.11990.1330.1145
0.12670.13450.1144
0.15920.13570.1114
0.12660.13880.1171
0.15490.1380.1134
0.14490.14060.1153
0.14330.14080.1157
0.13360.14360.1183
0.14670.14390.1176
0.14240.14590.1185
0.14230.14660.1189
0.15230.14990.1189
0.16690.15070.1172
0.18020.15120.115
0.19090.15010.1129
0.20040.15180.1125
0.21520.15090.11
0.18220.15130.1147
0.16860.15210.1175
0.17530.15230.1177
0.19750.1520.1145
0.21920.15240.1117
0.22820.15260.1124
0.2350.15170.1107
0.20950.15570.1171
0.18120.15990.1239
0.19770.15950.1218
Top 1% (annual incomes above $352 000 in 2010)
Top 5%-1% (annual incomes between $150 000 and $352 000 in 2010)
Top 10%-5% (annual incomes between $108 000 and $150 000 in 2010)
The rise of the top decile income share since the 1970s is mostly due to the top percentile. Sources and series: see piketty.pse.ens.fr/capital21c.
Share of the different groups in total income
Figure 8.6. Decomposition of the top decile, U.S. 1910-2010
F8.7
0.4057850620.40358134160.2720056942
0.4079544250.40573892330.2733529391
0.41132264660.40908885290.275444714
0.4101237880.40789650510.2747001839
0.41469086810.41243878240.2775364889
0.4014463360.39926617810.2693112045
0.44095157840.43855687710.2938452423
0.40510.40290.2715802485
0.40110.3990.2691449966
0.40320.39480.2665224177
0.39010.3810.2579053727
0.43180.42860.2876279337
0.43720.42950.2881899149
0.41460.40590.2734535191
0.44410.43260.2701256279
0.46350.44170.2758078822
0.45710.44070.2751834587
0.46670.44670.27893
0.49290.46090.29109
0.46710.43760.29244
0.43870.43070.28628
0.44540.4440.29339
0.46370.4630.3028
0.4560.45030.30075
0.45780.45160.29767
0.44490.43390.3031
0.46590.44770.29695
0.44230.43350.3006
0.44070.430.29834
0.45520.44570.30645
0.45290.44430.30853
0.41930.41020.29334
0.36130.35490.2708
0.33690.32670.25879
0.32510.31550.24609
0.34420.32640.24045
0.3670.34620.25104
0.34350.33020.24969
0.35010.33720.25033
0.34750.33760.25003
0.35560.33870.25184
0.34220.32820.24706
0.33210.32070.24425
0.32310.31380.24279
0.33640.32120.24133
0.33940.31770.24332
0.33460.31810.24531
0.32990.31690.245995
0.33560.32110.24668
0.340.32030.249465
0.33480.31660.25225
0.34250.3190.25212
0.3370.32040.25224
0.33780.32010.25188
0.34420.31640.25152
0.34780.31520.25248
0.33670.31980.25344
0.34440.32050.25773
0.34850.31980.25602
0.33930.31820.25707
0.32630.31510.25669
0.33340.31750.25671
0.33590.31620.25811
0.33330.31850.26141
0.33310.32360.26614
0.33430.32620.26464
0.33410.32420.26656
0.33580.32430.26937
0.33490.32440.27431
0.34210.32350.27631
0.34630.32870.28061
0.34540.32720.28144
0.35330.33220.28549
0.36380.33690.29086
0.36740.33950.2961
0.37560.34250.2974
0.40630.34570.29943
0.38250.36480.30589
0.40630.38630.31945
0.40080.38470.31529
0.39980.38840.31794
0.39550.38380.31431
0.40820.39820.3245
0.40680.39480.31849
0.40780.3960.31535
0.42110.40540.32491
0.43480.41160.33244
0.44640.41730.33972
0.45390.42120.34433
0.46470.42670.35184
0.47610.43110.35461
0.44820.42230.3422
0.43820.42360.33379
0.44530.42760.33109
0.4640.43640.34184
0.48330.44940.34652
0.49320.4550.35059
0.49740.45670.35703
0.48230.45960.34857
0.4650.45470.33659
0.4790.46260.3447
Share of top income decile in total income
Excl. capital gains
Share of top wage decile in total total wage bill
The rise of income inequality since the 1970s is largely due to the rise of wage inequality.Sources and series: see piketty.pse.ens.fr/capital21c.
Share of top decile in total (incomes or wages)
Figure 8.7. High incomes and high wages in the U.S. 1910-2010
F8.8
0.17770.17770.0823051606
0.178650.178650.0827451713
0.1801250.1801250.0834283458
0.17960.17960.083185182
0.18160.18160.0841115203
0.17580.17580.0814251392
0.19310.18570.0860105139
0.17740.1760.081517773
0.15960.15880.0735512634
0.16410.15870.0735049465
0.14830.14460.0669742612
0.15640.15470.0716522698
0.17060.16290.075450257
0.15640.14990.0694290578
0.17420.16320.0755892077
0.20240.1760.081517773
0.19910.18010.0834167666
0.21030.18680.08652
0.23940.1960.08866
0.22350.18420.08671
0.17220.16420.08541
0.1550.15270.08468
0.15560.15480.0829
0.16460.15770.08308
0.1640.15870.08307
0.16680.15630.08401
0.19290.17640.08597
0.17150.16450.08407
0.15750.14730.08127
0.16180.15390.08197
0.16480.15730.08369
0.15790.15010.08111
0.13430.12910.07212
0.12310.11480.06424
0.11280.10540.05564
0.12520.11070.05726
0.13280.11760.06398
0.11960.10950.06274
0.12240.11270.06209
0.11730.10950.06119
0.12820.11360.06235
0.11790.10520.0597
0.10790.09760.05742
0.0990.09080.05676
0.10770.09390.0561
0.11060.09180.05583
0.10670.09090.05556
0.10160.08980.054755
0.10210.08830.05395
0.10650.08750.05328
0.10030.08360.05261
0.10640.08340.05197
0.09950.08270.05156
0.09920.08160.05138
0.10480.08020.0512
0.10890.08070.05138
0.10180.08370.05156
0.10740.08430.05335
0.11210.08350.05241
0.10350.08020.05188
0.09030.0780.05133
0.0940.07790.05182
0.09640.07750.05323
0.09160.07740.05422
0.09120.08120.05664
0.08870.08010.0564
0.08860.07890.05735
0.09030.0790.05856
0.08950.07950.06056
0.09960.08030.06217
0.10020.08180.06425
0.10020.08030.06425
0.1080.08390.06672
0.11560.08590.06955
0.11990.08890.07268
0.12670.09090.07276
0.15920.09130.07326
0.12660.10750.08153
0.15490.13170.09385
0.14490.12610.08694
0.14330.12980.08993
0.13360.12170.08561
0.14670.13480.09626
0.14240.12820.09054
0.14230.12850.0872
0.15230.13530.09272
0.16690.14110.09827
0.18020.14770.10461
0.19090.15290.11005
0.20040.15870.1167
0.21520.16490.1226
0.18220.15370.10876
0.16860.14990.10318
0.17530.15210.10215
0.19750.16340.11045
0.21920.17680.11434
0.22820.18060.11725
0.2350.18330.12226
0.20950.17890.11376
0.18120.16680.10238
0.19770.17420.10898
Share of top income percentile in total income
Excl. capital gains
Share of top wage percile in total wage bill
The rise in the top 1% highest incomes since the 1970s is largely due to the rise in the top 1% highest wages. Sources and series: see piketty.pse.ens.fr/capital21c.
Share of top percentile in total (incomes or wages)
Figure 8.8. The transformation of the top 1% in the United States
F8.9
0.58060643350.22686339370.1925301712
0.52957722620.26812337540.2022993949
0.37875644880.39461521250.2266283387
0.27952611570.55328202460.167191842
0.14056377570.74148917310.1179470407
0.04046140730.86491515040.0946234288
Labor income
Capital income
Mixed income
Labor income becomes less and less important as one moves up within the top income decile. Sources and series: see piketty.pse.ens.fr/capital21c
Share in total incomes of various fractiles
Figure 8.9. The composition of top incomes in the U.S. in 1929
F8.10
0.851822930.090703290.05747378
0.738854530.150377240.11076823
0.594865750.232145050.1729892
0.44400320.331266950.22472985
0.301529840.493819920.20465024
0.16772440.705942320.12633328
Labor income
Capital income
Mixed income
Capital income becomes dominant at the level of top 0.1% in 2007, as opposed to the top 1% in 1929. Sources and series: see piketty.pse.ens.fr/capital21c.
Share in total income of various fractiles
Figure 8.10. The composition of top incomes in the U.S., 2007
FS8.1
0.59731958210.20460813390.1980722823
0.55106692430.23842457620.2105084959
0.42016106010.32843621570.2514027242
0.33009456380.47246726890.1974381464
0.1982254190.63544365020.166330916
0.08801781140.70614287490.2058392843
Labor income
Capital income
Mixed income
Capital income is dominant at the level of top 0.5% income group in the US in 1929. Source and series: see piketty.pse.ens.fr/capital21c.
Share in total income of various fractiles
Figure S8.1. The composition of top incomes in the U.S. in 1929 (without capital gains)
FS8.2
0.88630.05390.0598
0.80110.07880.1201
0.69050.10870.2008
0.56960.14210.2883
0.47620.20060.3232
0.38050.33290.2866
Labor income
Capital income
Mixed income
If we withdraw capital gains, capital income is never dominant in the US in 2007. Source and series: see piketty.pse.ens.fr/capital21c.
Share in total income of various fractiles
Figure S8.2. The composition of top incomes in the U.S. in 2007 (without capital gains)
TS8.1
Table S8.1. Top income and top wage shares in France, 1900-2010 (series used for figures 8.1-8.2)
France
Top 10% income shareTop 1% income shareTop 0,1% income shareTop 10% wage shareTop 1% wage share
190045.5%
1901
1902
1903
1904
190545.5%
1906
1907
190845.5%
190946.0%
191046.5%20.5%9.5%26.4%5.9%
191146.8%20.8%9.8%26.6%6.0%
191246.3%20.8%9.7%26.3%6.0%
191347.0%21.0%10.0%26.7%6.0%
191445.9%20.8%9.7%26.1%5.8%
191539.7%18.3%7.9%22.5%4.8%
191644.7%20.7%9.4%25.4%4.8%
191743.5%20.1%8.9%24.7%4.6%
191838.9%18.0%7.7%22.1%4.8%
191942.3%19.5%8.3%21.5%5.6%
192039.6%18.0%7.6%22.1%5.7%
192139.7%17.3%7.2%21.5%5.2%
192241.5%17.9%7.3%23.5%5.9%
192343.5%18.9%7.6%24.5%6.5%
192442.1%18.0%7.1%24.0%6.1%
192544.1%18.2%7.1%25.3%6.8%
192642.1%17.8%7.0%24.1%6.8%
192743.0%17.5%6.9%26.5%7.4%
192842.8%17.3%6.8%26.6%7.3%
192941.6%16.2%6.3%26.5%7.1%
193041.1%15.3%5.8%26.8%7.1%
193141.1%14.6%5.4%27.2%7.0%
193243.4%14.8%5.2%28.1%7.1%
193344.9%15.0%5.2%27.4%6.8%
193446.0%15.3%5.3%26.8%6.7%
193546.6%15.4%5.3%26.6%6.7%
193644.1%14.7%5.2%24.1%6.1%
193742.9%14.5%5.2%23.7%5.9%
193842.5%14.3%5.1%24.5%6.0%
193938.2%13.3%5.0%23.0%5.7%
194039.1%13.4%4.9%22.5%5.4%
194138.7%12.9%4.3%22.3%5.1%
194235.0%11.5%3.6%22.2%4.9%
194332.3%10.1%3.0%22.6%4.7%
194429.4%8.4%2.3%23.0%5.2%
194529.7%7.5%2.0%24.1%5.9%
194632.9%9.2%2.6%26.9%6.6%
194733.2%9.2%2.6%25.7%6.8%
194832.4%8.8%2.4%26.3%6.9%
194932.2%9.0%2.6%24.4%7.1%
195032.0%9.0%2.6%27.0%7.0%
195132.9%9.0%2.6%26.8%6.9%
195233.2%9.2%2.5%26.7%7.0%
195332.9%9.0%2.5%24.9%6.7%
195433.5%9.1%2.5%25.5%7.1%
195534.4%9.3%2.5%25.7%7.3%
195634.4%9.4%2.5%25.4%7.2%
195734.7%9.4%2.4%26.0%7.7%
195834.1%9.0%2.3%27.5%8.3%
195935.9%9.5%2.4%26.8%8.2%
196036.1%9.7%2.5%26.4%8.3%
196136.8%9.9%2.5%27.4%7.9%
196235.9%9.5%2.3%27.4%7.7%
196336.4%9.4%2.3%27.2%7.6%
196436.8%9.6%2.3%28.0%7.7%
196537.2%9.6%2.3%28.2%7.9%
196636.5%9.4%2.3%28.4%8.2%
196736.2%9.4%2.3%28.4%8.0%
196834.8%8.8%2.2%27.9%7.9%
196934.0%8.6%2.1%27.5%6.7%
197033.1%8.3%2.0%27.4%6.5%
197133.4%8.5%2.1%27.8%6.6%
197233.0%8.5%2.1%27.3%6.4%
197333.9%8.9%2.3%27.2%6.9%
197433.3%8.5%2.1%26.4%6.3%
197533.4%8.5%2.1%26.9%6.4%
197633.2%8.4%2.1%26.3%6.0%
197731.7%7.8%1.9%26.1%5.8%
197831.4%7.8%1.9%26.0%5.7%
197931.0%7.8%2.0%25.8%5.7%
198030.7%7.6%1.9%26.2%5.8%
198130.7%7.6%1.9%26.0%5.8%
198229.9%7.1%1.7%25.7%5.8%
198330.4%7.0%1.6%26.0%5.9%
198430.5%7.0%1.7%25.9%5.7%
198531.1%7.2%1.7%26.4%6.1%
198631.4%7.4%1.8%26.4%5.9%
198731.7%7.8%2.0%26.3%5.7%
198832.1%7.9%2.1%26.4%5.8%
198932.4%8.2%2.2%26.1%5.8%
199032.6%8.2%2.2%26.2%5.8%
199132.4%8.0%2.1%25.9%5.7%
199232.2%7.8%2.0%26.2%6.0%
199332.2%7.7%1.9%25.8%5.9%
199432.4%7.7%2.0%25.7%5.8%
199532.4%7.7%2.0%25.4%5.6%
199632.0%7.7%2.0%25.4%5.6%
199732.2%7.8%2.0%25.7%5.7%
199832.6%7.9%2.1%26.1%5.8%
199933.0%8.2%2.2%26.4%6.0%
200033.1%8.3%2.3%26.4%6.1%
200133.1%8.4%2.3%26.5%6.2%
200233.0%8.5%2.4%26.4%6.2%
200333.1%8.6%2.4%26.5%6.3%
200433.5%8.7%2.5%26.8%6.4%
200532.9%8.7%2.5%26.8%6.7%
200632.8%8.9%2.7%26.8%6.9%
200733.2%9.3%2.7%27.2%7.2%
200833.0%8.8%2.6%27.2%6.9%
200932.7%8.4%2.5%27.0%6.8%
201033.0%8.8%2.6%27.4%7.2%
Top income shares series based upon WTID series; missing values interpolated using moving averages and top 5% and top 1% series (see formulas and "Details" sheet)
Top wage series: Piketty 2001 (figure 3.2) (missing values for 1910-1918, 1939-1946, and 1999-2010 interpolated using income series and composition series, and series from Landais 2007 and Godechot 2012)
Decennial averages of top 1% wage used for figure "The dilemma of Rastignac" (chapter 11)
5.4%
106.5%
206.5%
305.8%
407.3%
507.8%
606.2%
705.8%
805.8%
906.6%
1007.2%
TS8.2
Table S8.2. Top income and top wage shares in the USA, 1900-2010 (series used for figures 8.5-8.8)
U.S.
Top 10% income shareTop 10%-5% income shareTop 5%-1% income shareTop 1% income shareTop 0,1% income shareTop 10% income share (excl. capital gains)Top 1% income share (excl. capital gains)Top 0,1% income share (excl. capital gains)Top 10% wage shareTop 1% wage share
190040.5%40.3%
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
191040.6%9.9%12.9%17.8%8.9%40.4%17.8%8.9%27.2%8.2%
191140.8%9.9%13.0%17.9%8.8%40.6%17.9%8.8%27.3%8.3%
191241.1%10.0%13.1%18.0%8.7%40.9%18.0%8.7%27.5%8.3%
191341.0%10.0%13.1%18.0%8.6%40.8%18.0%8.6%27.5%8.3%
191441.5%10.1%13.2%18.2%8.6%41.2%18.2%8.6%27.8%8.4%
191540.1%9.8%12.8%17.6%9.2%39.9%17.6%9.2%26.9%8.1%
191644.1%10.7%14.0%19.3%10.5%43.9%18.6%9.9%29.4%8.6%
191740.5%9.9%12.9%17.7%8.4%40.3%17.6%8.4%27.2%8.2%
191840.1%10.6%13.5%16.0%6.7%39.9%15.9%6.7%26.9%7.4%
191940.3%10.2%13.8%16.4%6.6%39.5%15.9%6.5%26.7%7.4%
192039.0%10.7%13.5%14.8%5.4%38.1%14.5%5.4%25.8%6.7%
192143.2%12.4%15.2%15.6%5.6%42.9%15.5%5.6%28.8%7.2%
192243.7%11.8%14.9%17.1%6.6%43.0%16.3%6.2%28.8%7.5%
192341.5%11.7%14.1%15.6%5.9%40.6%15.0%5.5%27.3%6.9%
192444.4%12.3%14.7%17.4%6.8%43.3%16.3%6.1%27.0%7.6%
192546.4%11.3%14.8%20.2%8.5%44.2%17.6%6.8%27.6%8.2%
192645.7%11.1%14.7%19.9%8.5%44.1%18.0%7.1%27.5%8.3%
192746.7%11.0%14.7%21.0%9.3%44.7%18.7%7.5%27.9%8.7%
192849.3%10.7%14.6%23.9%11.5%46.1%19.6%8.2%29.1%8.9%
192946.7%10.2%14.1%22.4%10.9%43.8%18.4%7.6%29.2%8.7%
193043.9%11.8%14.8%17.2%7.1%43.1%16.4%6.4%28.6%8.5%
193144.5%13.3%15.7%15.5%5.9%44.4%15.3%5.7%29.3%8.5%
193246.4%13.7%17.1%15.6%6.0%46.3%15.5%5.9%30.3%8.3%
193345.6%12.4%16.7%16.5%6.6%45.0%15.8%6.1%30.1%8.3%
193445.8%12.1%17.3%16.4%6.1%45.2%15.9%5.8%29.8%8.3%
193544.5%12.2%15.6%16.7%6.4%43.4%15.6%5.8%30.3%8.4%
193646.6%12.0%15.4%19.3%7.6%44.8%17.6%6.7%29.7%8.6%
193744.2%12.0%15.1%17.2%6.5%43.4%16.5%6.2%30.1%8.4%
193844.1%12.7%15.6%15.8%5.9%43.0%14.7%5.2%29.8%8.1%
193945.5%13.2%16.1%16.2%5.9%44.6%15.4%5.5%30.6%8.2%
194045.3%13.1%15.7%16.5%6.0%44.4%15.7%5.6%30.9%8.4%
194141.9%11.9%14.2%15.8%5.8%41.0%15.0%5.3%29.3%8.1%
194236.1%10.3%12.4%13.4%4.8%35.5%12.9%4.5%27.1%7.2%
194333.7%9.6%11.8%12.3%4.3%32.7%11.5%3.8%25.9%6.4%
194432.5%9.7%11.5%11.3%3.8%31.6%10.5%3.3%24.6%5.6%
194534.4%9.6%12.3%12.5%4.2%32.6%11.1%3.3%24.0%5.7%
194636.7%9.9%13.5%13.3%4.4%34.6%11.8%3.4%25.1%6.4%
194734.4%9.7%12.7%12.0%3.9%33.0%11.0%3.2%25.0%6.3%
194835.0%10.0%12.8%12.2%4.1%33.7%11.3%3.4%25.0%6.2%
194934.8%10.2%12.8%11.7%3.8%33.8%11.0%3.3%25.0%6.1%
195035.6%10.0%12.7%12.8%4.4%33.9%11.4%3.5%25.2%6.2%
195134.2%10.0%12.4%11.8%3.9%32.8%10.5%3.1%24.7%6.0%
195233.2%10.1%12.3%10.8%3.4%32.1%9.8%2.8%24.4%5.7%
195332.3%10.3%12.1%9.9%3.1%31.4%9.1%2.5%24.3%5.7%
195433.6%10.3%12.5%10.8%3.5%32.1%9.4%2.6%24.1%5.6%
195533.9%10.3%12.5%11.1%3.7%31.8%9.2%2.5%24.3%5.6%
195633.5%10.3%12.5%10.7%3.5%31.8%9.1%2.4%24.5%5.6%
195733.0%10.4%12.4%10.2%3.2%31.7%9.0%2.4%24.6%5.5%
195833.6%10.6%12.7%10.2%3.2%32.1%8.8%2.3%24.7%5.4%
195934.0%10.6%12.7%10.7%3.5%32.0%8.8%2.2%24.9%5.3%
196033.5%10.9%12.5%10.0%3.3%31.7%8.4%2.1%25.2%5.3%
196134.3%10.8%12.9%10.6%3.7%31.9%8.3%2.1%25.2%5.2%
196233.7%10.9%12.9%10.0%3.2%32.0%8.3%2.0%25.2%5.2%
196333.8%10.9%12.9%9.9%3.2%32.0%8.2%2.0%25.2%5.1%
196434.4%10.9%13.0%10.5%3.4%31.6%8.0%2.0%25.2%5.1%
196534.8%10.9%13.0%10.9%3.7%31.5%8.1%2.0%25.2%5.1%
196633.7%10.8%12.7%10.2%3.4%32.0%8.4%2.2%25.3%5.2%
196734.4%10.7%13.0%10.7%3.7%32.1%8.4%2.2%25.8%5.3%
196834.9%10.7%12.9%11.2%4.0%32.0%8.4%2.2%25.6%5.2%
196933.9%10.9%12.7%10.4%3.7%31.8%8.0%2.0%25.7%5.2%
197032.6%11.0%12.6%9.0%2.8%31.5%7.8%1.9%25.7%5.1%
197133.3%11.1%12.9%9.4%3.0%31.8%7.8%1.9%25.7%5.2%
197233.6%11.1%12.9%9.6%3.1%31.6%7.8%1.9%25.8%5.3%
197333.3%11.1%13.1%9.2%2.8%31.9%7.7%1.9%26.1%5.4%
197433.3%11.2%13.0%9.1%2.7%32.4%8.1%2.1%26.6%5.7%
197533.4%11.5%13.1%8.9%2.6%32.6%8.0%2.0%26.5%5.6%
197633.4%11.4%13.1%8.9%2.6%32.4%7.9%2.0%26.7%5.7%
197733.6%11.5%13.1%9.0%2.7%32.4%7.9%2.0%26.9%5.9%
197833.5%11.5%13.1%9.0%2.7%32.4%8.0%2.1%27.4%6.1%
197934.2%11.3%13.0%10.0%3.4%32.4%8.0%2.2%27.6%6.2%
198034.6%11.5%13.2%10.0%3.4%32.9%8.2%2.2%28.1%6.4%
198134.5%11.5%13.0%10.0%3.6%32.7%8.0%2.2%28.1%6.4%
198235.3%11.5%13.0%10.8%4.2%33.2%8.4%2.5%28.5%6.7%
198336.4%11.5%13.3%11.6%4.6%33.7%8.6%2.6%29.1%7.0%
198436.7%11.5%13.3%12.0%5.0%34.0%8.9%2.8%29.6%7.3%
198537.6%11.4%13.5%12.7%5.3%34.3%9.1%2.9%29.7%7.3%
198640.6%11.1%13.6%15.9%7.4%34.6%9.1%2.9%29.9%7.3%
198738.3%11.7%13.9%12.7%4.9%36.5%10.8%3.7%30.6%8.2%
198840.6%11.3%13.8%15.5%6.8%38.6%13.2%5.2%31.9%9.4%
198940.1%11.5%14.1%14.5%6.0%38.5%12.6%4.7%31.5%8.7%
199040.0%11.6%14.1%14.3%5.8%38.8%13.0%4.9%31.8%9.0%
199139.6%11.8%14.4%13.4%5.1%38.4%12.2%4.4%31.4%8.6%
199240.8%11.8%14.4%14.7%6.0%39.8%13.5%5.2%32.5%9.6%
199340.7%11.9%14.6%14.2%5.7%39.5%12.8%4.7%31.8%9.1%
199440.8%11.9%14.7%14.2%5.7%39.6%12.9%4.7%31.5%8.7%
199542.1%11.9%15.0%15.2%6.2%40.5%13.5%5.0%32.5%9.3%
199643.5%11.7%15.1%16.7%7.2%41.2%14.1%5.3%33.2%9.8%
199744.6%11.5%15.1%18.0%8.2%41.7%14.8%5.8%34.0%10.5%
199845.4%11.3%15.0%19.1%9.0%42.1%15.3%6.2%34.4%11.0%
199946.5%11.3%15.2%20.0%9.6%42.7%15.9%6.6%35.2%11.7%
200047.6%11.0%15.1%21.5%10.9%43.1%16.5%7.1%35.5%12.3%
200144.8%11.5%15.1%18.2%8.4%42.2%15.4%6.3%34.2%10.9%
200243.8%11.8%15.2%16.9%7.3%42.4%15.0%5.9%33.4%10.3%
200344.5%11.8%15.2%17.5%7.9%42.8%15.2%6.1%33.1%10.2%
200446.4%11.5%15.2%19.8%9.5%43.6%16.3%6.9%34.2%11.0%
200548.3%11.2%15.2%21.9%11.0%44.9%17.7%7.8%34.7%11.4%
200649.3%11.2%15.3%22.8%11.6%45.5%18.1%7.9%35.1%11.7%
200749.7%11.1%15.2%23.5%12.3%45.7%18.3%8.2%35.7%12.2%
200848.2%11.7%15.6%21.0%10.4%46.0%17.9%7.8%34.9%11.4%
200946.5%12.4%16.0%18.1%8.3%45.5%16.7%7.0%33.7%10.2%
201047.9%12.2%16.0%19.8%9.5%46.3%17.4%7.5%34.5%10.9%
201148.1%46.6%
201250.4%48.2%
Top income shares series based upon WTID series; missing values interpolated using moving averages and top 5% and top 1% series (see formulas and "Details" sheet)
Top wage series: Piketty-Saez 2003 (Table B2, updated 2012) (missing values for 1913-1926 interpolated using income series and composition series (see also series on officers compensation 1917-1926 referred to by Piketty-Saez 2003 pp.29-30
TS8.3
Table S8.3. Top income composition in France and in the USA (series used for figures 8.3-8.4, 8.9-8.10 et S8.1-S8.2)
France 1932France 2005
Labor incomeCapital incomeMixed incomeLabor incomeCapital incomeMixed income
P90-9577.8%13.1%9.1%88.0%5.0%7.0%
P95-9967.8%17.0%15.2%77.6%8.2%14.1%
P99-99.546.7%29.9%23.3%60.1%15.1%24.8%
P99.5-99.936.3%38.6%25.1%47.8%22.4%29.8%
P99.9-99.9922.6%49.9%27.5%36.6%37.5%26.0%
P99.99-10013.7%63.9%22.4%27.1%57.9%15.1%
USA 1929 (a)USA 2007 (a)
Labor incomeCapital incomeMixed incomeLabor incomeCapital incomeMixed income
P90-9558.1%22.7%19.3%85.2%9.1%5.7%
P95-9953.0%26.8%20.2%73.9%15.0%11.1%
P99-99.537.9%39.5%22.7%59.5%23.2%17.3%
P99.5-99.928.0%55.3%16.7%44.4%33.1%22.5%
P99.9-99.9914.1%74.1%11.8%30.2%49.4%20.5%
P99.99-1004.0%86.5%9.5%16.8%70.6%12.6%
USA 1929 (b) (without capital gains)USA 2007 (b) (without capital gains)
Labor incomeCapital incomeMixed incomeLabor incomeCapital incomeMixed income
P90-9559.7%20.5%19.8%88.6%5.4%6.0%
P95-9955.1%23.8%21.1%80.1%7.9%12.0%
P99-99.542.0%32.8%25.1%69.1%10.9%20.1%
P99.5-99.933.0%47.2%19.7%57.0%14.2%28.8%
P99.9-99.9919.8%63.5%16.6%47.6%20.1%32.3%
P99.99-1008.8%70.6%20.6%38.1%33.3%28.7%
Source: World Top Incomes Database, PSE, 2013
France: data from Piketty (2001) (for 1932) et Landais (2007) (for 2005).
labor income includes wages, bonuses, pensions;
capital income includes mobile capital income and real estate income (capital gains are not taken into account)
mixed income includes industrial and commercial profits, non-commercial profits and agricultural profits
United States: data from Piketty et Saez (2003, update 2012).
Labor income includes wages, bonuses and exercised stock options (valued at difference between market price (or spot price) and exercise price (or strike price)).
Capital income includes rent, dividends and interest. Capital gains are included in capital income for estimates 1929(a)-2007(a), and wholly excluded from income for estimates 1929(b)-2007(b)
Entrepreneurial income includes business income and income from partnerships and from S-Corporations.
DetailsTS9.2
Detailed computations using WTID series are made here (and then copied to Chapter 9 excel file)
Table S9.2. Top income shares 1900-2010 (cont'd)
United KingdomGermanySwedenJapan
Top 10%Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 10%Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 10%Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 1%Top 0,1%
190047.1%21.9%11.1%45.0%18.6%8.5%16.3%6.8%
190144.8%18.3%8.3%16.9%7.1%
190244.4%17.8%7.9%18.0%7.6%
190344.3%17.6%7.8%46.8%23.0%8.7%17.6%7.4%
190444.4%17.8%7.9%16.6%7.2%
190544.7%18.2%8.2%18.1%7.8%
190643.9%18.1%8.2%18.1%7.6%
190743.4%18.0%8.2%45.4%21.5%8.7%18.3%7.6%
190846.3%21.7%10.9%42.8%17.4%7.9%18.9%7.7%
190946.8%21.8%11.0%43.5%17.2%7.8%18.7%7.6%
191047.1%21.9%11.1%43.7%17.2%7.8%18.9%7.8%
191147.2%21.9%11.1%43.4%17.5%8.0%43.9%19.6%8.1%18.0%7.5%
191247.2%21.9%11.1%43.4%17.5%8.0%45.6%20.9%9.0%17.9%7.6%
191348.0%22.1%11.2%44.3%17.8%8.1%17.5%7.4%
191445.6%21.5%10.7%43.8%17.8%8.2%18.6%8.0%
191546.0%21.5%10.8%45.2%19.5%9.2%19.6%9.1%
191644.9%21.2%10.5%46.9%21.3%10.3%51.0%23.5%10.7%19.5%9.7%
191739.7%19.9%9.3%48.3%22.4%11.0%18.7%9.5%
191837.0%19.2%8.7%47.7%22.2%10.9%16.6%8.3%
191938.7%19.6%9.0%43.6%19.5%9.2%41.9%16.3%7.3%15.3%7.4%
192040.8%18.6%8.0%35.8%13.5%5.2%17.1%7.9%
192140.8%18.6%8.1%18.5%8.1%
192241.8%19.7%9.1%19.6%8.6%
192342.0%19.9%9.3%19.7%8.6%
192441.8%19.7%9.1%19.7%8.6%
192541.5%19.4%8.8%38.7%11.3%3.9%18.3%8.0%
192641.4%19.3%8.7%38.7%11.3%4.0%18.6%8.3%
192741.2%19.1%8.5%39.0%11.5%4.1%17.9%8.0%
192841.3%19.1%8.5%38.6%11.2%4.0%18.5%8.3%
192941.1%18.9%8.3%38.5%11.1%3.9%18.4%8.2%
193040.5%18.3%7.8%38.4%13.7%4.8%16.8%7.3%
193139.9%17.6%7.2%17.4%7.4%
193239.6%17.3%6.9%42.2%11.4%3.8%17.6%7.6%
193339.5%17.2%6.8%41.7%10.9%3.8%18.3%8.2%
193439.5%17.2%6.8%39.9%11.3%3.8%38.1%12.0%3.8%19.0%8.5%
193539.7%17.4%7.0%42.9%12.0%4.4%36.2%12.3%4.2%18.7%8.4%
193639.8%17.5%7.0%41.0%13.7%5.5%18.7%8.4%
193738.4%17.0%6.6%42.5%15.0%6.2%19.3%8.8%
193838.3%16.9%6.6%43.9%16.3%6.7%19.9%9.2%
193937.9%16.6%6.4%18.0%7.8%
194036.5%15.4%5.7%16.5%6.8%
194135.2%14.2%5.0%34.1%10.3%3.0%16.7%6.4%
194234.1%13.2%4.4%15.1%5.7%
194333.7%12.8%4.2%35.6%10.4%3.0%13.6%5.0%
194433.5%12.7%4.1%34.8%10.0%2.9%10.7%3.9%
194533.7%12.8%4.2%34.2%9.8%2.7%6.4%1.9%
194634.2%13.3%4.5%34.3%10.1%2.9%
194733.4%12.6%4.1%32.1%8.6%2.4%7.4%2.2%
194832.9%12.2%3.9%30.8%7.9%2.1%7.8%2.1%
194932.3%11.5%3.5%30.4%7.6%2.0%7.9%1.8%
195034.4%11.6%3.9%30.3%7.6%1.9%7.7%1.7%
195131.7%10.9%3.2%29.8%7.3%1.9%7.3%1.9%
195231.0%10.2%3.0%29.1%6.8%1.7%7.9%2.0%
195330.5%9.7%2.8%29.6%6.9%1.8%7.5%1.9%
195430.6%9.7%2.7%29.2%6.9%1.8%7.2%1.8%
195530.3%9.3%2.7%28.8%6.8%1.7%6.9%1.8%
195629.7%8.8%2.4%28.8%6.7%1.6%7.4%1.9%
195729.7%8.7%2.4%32.0%11.0%4.3%29.2%6.8%1.7%7.7%2.1%
195829.7%8.8%2.4%29.5%6.8%1.7%7.7%2.1%
195930.0%8.6%2.3%30.1%7.0%1.7%8.0%2.2%
196030.2%8.9%2.5%30.4%6.8%1.6%8.2%2.2%
196131.4%12.2%4.5%30.4%6.8%1.6%8.4%2.3%
196229.4%8.4%2.3%30.1%6.7%1.5%8.7%2.4%
196329.9%8.5%2.2%30.0%6.6%1.5%8.5%2.3%
196429.9%8.5%2.3%29.8%6.5%1.4%8.3%2.2%
196529.9%8.6%2.3%31.3%12.2%4.8%29.7%6.5%1.4%7.9%2.0%
196628.9%7.9%2.0%29.6%6.4%1.4%7.6%1.9%
196728.8%7.7%1.9%30.3%6.6%1.4%7.6%2.0%
196828.6%7.5%1.9%30.3%11.2%4.3%30.4%6.6%1.4%7.6%1.9%
196928.7%7.5%1.9%30.0%6.4%1.3%8.0%1.9%
197028.8%7.1%1.6%29.4%6.2%1.3%8.2%2.0%
197129.3%7.0%1.7%31.8%11.3%4.4%28.4%5.8%1.2%8.4%1.9%
197228.9%6.9%1.6%27.9%5.7%1.2%8.1%1.6%
197328.3%7.0%1.7%27.6%5.6%1.1%7.6%2.2%
197428.1%6.5%1.6%30.8%10.1%3.6%27.1%5.5%1.1%7.2%1.8%
197527.8%6.1%1.4%26.4%5.3%1.1%7.1%1.8%
197627.9%5.9%1.3%25.6%5.0%1.0%6.8%1.5%
197728.0%5.9%1.3%31.5%10.2%3.7%24.7%4.7%0.8%6.8%1.5%
197827.8%5.7%1.2%24.0%4.5%0.8%7.0%1.5%
197928.4%5.9%1.3%23.5%4.3%0.8%7.3%1.7%
198031.7%10.4%4.0%22.7%4.1%0.7%7.2%1.7%
198131.0%6.7%1.5%22.4%4.0%0.8%7.1%1.6%
198231.2%6.9%1.6%22.3%4.0%0.8%7.0%1.6%
198331.8%6.8%1.6%30.7%9.1%3.2%22.4%4.1%0.8%6.9%1.5%
198432.5%7.2%1.7%22.3%4.1%0.8%7.0%1.5%
198532.7%7.4%1.8%22.3%4.1%0.8%7.0%1.5%
198632.9%7.6%1.9%31.4%9.6%3.6%22.4%4.1%0.8%7.2%1.5%
198733.3%7.8%2.0%22.5%4.2%0.9%7.7%1.7%
198834.2%8.6%2.3%22.5%4.4%1.0%7.6%1.6%
198934.2%8.7%2.4%32.7%10.5%4.1%22.6%4.5%1.1%7.9%1.8%
199036.9%9.8%2.8%22.8%4.4%1.0%8.1%2.0%
199137.7%10.3%3.1%24.3%5.1%1.3%7.5%1.8%
199237.6%9.9%2.9%33.4%10.4%4.1%24.3%5.0%1.2%7.1%1.6%
199338.3%10.4%3.1%24.6%5.2%1.3%7.2%1.6%
199438.3%10.6%3.1%25.2%5.5%1.5%7.1%1.6%
199538.5%10.8%3.2%33.2%10.1%3.9%24.9%5.3%1.3%7.3%1.6%
199639.3%11.9%4.1%25.6%5.6%1.4%7.4%1.7%
199738.9%12.1%4.2%25.8%5.7%1.5%7.3%1.7%
199839.5%12.5%4.4%34.7%10.9%4.3%25.9%5.9%1.6%7.6%1.7%
199939.0%12.5%4.5%26.1%6.0%1.6%7.8%1.8%
200038.4%12.7%4.6%26.7%6.0%1.9%8.2%2.0%
200139.3%12.7%4.5%35.4%10.1%3.5%26.8%6.0%1.9%8.6%2.2%
200238.7%12.3%4.2%35.6%9.5%3.3%26.4%5.7%1.7%8.7%2.1%
200337.8%12.1%4.2%35.3%9.0%3.2%26.1%5.5%1.7%8.9%2.2%
200439.5%12.9%4.6%34.3%9.0%3.5%26.3%5.7%1.7%9.3%2.4%
200541.6%14.3%5.2%36.1%10.7%3.8%27.0%6.3%1.9%9.4%2.5%
200642.0%14.8%5.6%35.8%10.9%3.8%27.3%6.6%2.2%9.6%2.6%
200742.6%15.4%6.1%36.3%11.6%4.2%27.8%6.9%2.3%9.6%2.6%
200841.7%14.7%5.6%36.1%11.1%3.9%28.1%7.1%2.4%9.7%2.6%
200940.4%13.9%5.1%36.2%11.3%4.0%27.9%6.7%2.1%9.6%2.6%
201041.6%14.7%5.6%36.1%11.2%4.0%28.3%6.9%2.2%9.5%2.5%
Top income shares series based upon WTID series; missing values interpolated using moving averages and top 5% and top 1% series (see formulas and "Details" sheet)
DetailsTS9.3
Detailed computations using WTID series are made here (and then copied to Chapter 9 excel file)
Table S9.3. Top income shares 1900-2010 (cont'd)
CanadaAustraliaNew-ZealandDenmarkItalyHollandeSpain
Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 1%Top 0,1%
1900
1901
1902
190316.2%6.1%
1904
1905
1906
1907
190816.5%6.3%
1909
191020.0%8.6%
1911
1912
1913
191421.0%8.6%
191523.5%11.0%23.6%11.4%
191623.9%13.0%
191723.6%11.2%23.5%12.4%
191823.1%10.6%22.0%9.7%
191921.3%9.8%23.7%10.8%
192014.4%5.4%15.3%6.1%20.6%8.9%
192117.6%5.8%11.6%4.0%11.3%3.1%12.8%4.5%18.3%7.6%
192215.2%5.0%10.7%3.6%10.5%2.9%12.8%4.1%16.8%6.6%
192314.4%4.7%11.8%4.0%10.9%3.0%13.9%4.8%16.5%6.3%
192414.5%4.9%11.7%4.3%10.9%2.9%13.8%4.8%17.3%6.9%
192513.2%4.3%11.3%4.0%11.1%2.9%12.5%4.1%17.8%7.2%
192614.0%4.8%11.1%3.9%10.8%2.8%12.1%3.8%18.0%7.3%
192714.7%5.1%11.7%3.9%10.6%2.7%13.0%4.3%18.4%7.4%
192815.3%5.3%11.9%4.3%11.5%3.2%13.3%4.4%18.6%7.6%
192915.6%5.3%10.7%3.6%11.0%2.9%13.3%4.4%18.1%7.1%
193016.1%5.7%9.8%3.2%10.6%2.6%13.3%4.3%17.2%6.5%
193116.6%5.6%9.3%3.1%13.4%4.4%15.6%5.5%
193217.7%6.0%9.3%3.1%13.5%4.4%14.4%4.8%
193318.0%5.9%10.3%3.5%10.9%2.8%13.9%4.7%14.2%4.6%13.9%5.1%
193417.5%5.9%10.4%3.5%10.4%2.5%14.4%4.9%14.0%4.5%13.9%5.0%
193517.0%5.6%10.5%3.5%10.4%2.8%14.2%5.0%14.0%4.6%14.8%5.5%
193617.5%6.0%11.3%3.7%10.7%2.8%14.4%5.1%14.8%5.2%
193716.3%5.5%9.8%3.2%8.3%1.9%14.3%5.0%16.1%6.1%
193818.4%6.1%10.4%3.4%7.3%1.7%13.3%4.5%15.7%5.6%
193916.9%5.6%10.7%3.5%7.9%1.9%13.5%4.6%15.8%5.5%
194014.7%4.5%10.3%3.4%7.4%1.7%13.8%4.9%13.2%4.7%
194113.3%4.2%10.8%3.3%13.7%4.7%17.6%6.4%13.7%5.0%
194211.3%3.5%10.4%3.1%13.4%4.4%12.4%4.3%
194310.7%3.2%10.5%3.1%12.1%3.7%12.1%4.2%
194410.0%2.9%9.0%2.5%11.2%3.3%11.4%3.8%
194510.1%2.9%8.4%2.3%6.9%1.6%11.4%3.4%11.8%4.0%
194610.7%3.0%9.5%2.6%7.5%1.8%10.6%3.4%12.9%3.7%11.3%3.7%
194711.0%3.1%10.6%2.9%7.7%1.8%10.7%3.5%10.0%3.1%
194810.4%2.9%10.8%2.9%7.7%1.9%9.9%3.1%9.7%3.0%
194910.7%2.9%11.3%3.3%8.0%1.9%9.7%3.1%9.6%2.9%
195010.9%3.1%12.1%4.5%9.4%2.2%9.4%3.0%12.1%3.8%8.8%2.5%
195110.0%2.8%9.1%2.5%7.9%1.9%9.3%2.9%8.2%2.2%
19529.8%2.7%9.0%2.4%7.9%1.8%9.1%2.8%12.6%4.2%8.4%2.3%
19539.9%2.7%8.7%2.4%9.9%2.3%9.0%2.8%12.0%3.7%8.3%2.3%
195410.3%2.8%8.1%2.2%9.5%2.2%8.7%2.6%9.0%2.6%
195510.2%2.9%7.5%2.0%8.8%2.0%8.8%2.8%9.3%2.8%
19569.6%2.6%7.9%2.2%8.9%2.1%9.0%2.8%
19579.6%2.6%7.0%1.8%8.7%2.0%8.3%2.5%10.4%3.0%8.3%2.3%
19589.9%2.6%7.4%1.8%7.3%1.5%8.6%2.6%11.3%3.6%8.0%2.1%
19599.7%2.5%7.4%1.8%7.6%1.6%8.7%2.6%10.4%3.1%8.2%2.2%
19609.8%2.5%7.1%1.6%7.4%1.7%8.6%2.6%
19619.9%2.6%7.1%1.7%8.5%2.5%7.5%1.9%
19629.4%2.3%7.2%1.6%7.3%1.6%8.5%2.4%10.6%
19639.1%2.2%7.4%1.7%7.3%8.1%2.2%
19649.4%2.3%6.8%1.5%7.4%1.8%7.9%2.2%10.1%
19659.2%2.3%6.7%1.5%6.7%1.4%7.8%2.1%
19668.9%2.2%6.5%1.4%6.6%1.4%7.8%2.0%9.5%
19679.0%2.2%6.6%1.5%6.6%1.4%7.8%9.3%
19689.0%2.2%6.4%1.4%6.7%1.4%8.2%
19699.0%2.1%6.3%1.4%6.7%1.5%
19709.0%2.1%5.9%1.3%6.6%1.5%8.2%8.6%2.1%
19718.9%2.0%5.9%1.3%6.4%1.3%8.2%2.2%7.5%1.9%
19728.8%2.0%6.1%1.3%7.1%1.5%8.2%2.3%
19738.8%2.1%5.7%1.2%7.5%1.7%6.9%1.6%
19748.8%2.1%5.2%1.1%7.6%1.7%7.3%1.9%7.5%1.8%
19758.7%2.1%5.1%1.1%6.6%1.5%6.8%1.7%7.2%1.6%6.1%1.4%
19768.1%1.9%5.0%1.1%7.5%1.6%6.6%7.1%1.7%
19777.7%1.8%4.9%1.1%6.1%1.3%6.1%1.5%6.8%1.7%6.0%1.3%
19787.6%1.8%4.9%1.0%6.1%1.3%5.8%1.4%6.7%1.6%
19797.7%1.9%4.8%1.0%5.8%1.2%5.6%1.4%6.8%1.7%
19808.1%2.0%4.8%1.0%5.7%1.2%5.5%1.4%6.9%1.7%
19817.8%1.9%4.6%1.0%5.5%1.1%5.4%1.4%6.5%1.6%5.9%1.3%7.5%1.9%
19828.5%2.3%4.7%1.0%5.5%1.1%5.2%1.3%6.4%1.5%7.8%2.0%
19838.2%2.1%4.7%1.0%5.7%1.2%5.3%1.4%6.3%1.5%7.7%1.9%
19848.3%2.3%4.8%1.0%5.6%1.2%5.3%1.4%6.5%1.6%7.6%1.9%
19858.2%2.3%5.0%1.1%5.5%1.2%5.2%1.3%6.8%1.7%5.9%1.2%7.8%1.9%
19868.2%2.2%5.4%1.3%4.9%1.0%5.2%1.3%7.1%1.8%8.2%2.2%
19878.4%2.4%6.7%1.9%5.5%1.3%5.2%1.4%7.5%1.9%8.4%2.3%
19889.3%3.0%7.9%2.5%5.4%1.2%5.2%1.3%7.6%1.8%8.4%2.2%
198910.0%3.4%6.4%1.8%6.6%1.6%5.2%1.3%7.8%1.9%5.7%1.2%8.5%2.2%
19909.4%3.0%6.3%1.8%8.2%5.2%1.3%7.8%1.9%5.6%1.1%8.4%2.1%
19919.4%2.9%6.4%1.8%8.0%5.0%1.2%7.8%1.9%5.5%1.1%8.1%2.0%
19929.3%2.8%6.6%1.9%8.4%5.0%1.2%7.8%1.9%5.5%1.1%8.2%2.1%
19939.6%3.0%7.0%2.1%8.8%5.1%1.3%7.9%2.0%5.2%1.0%7.8%1.9%
19949.6%2.9%7.1%2.6%9.0%5.0%1.2%8.0%2.0%5.3%1.0%7.9%2.0%
199510.0%3.1%7.2%2.1%9.0%5.0%1.2%8.1%2.1%5.4%1.0%7.9%2.0%
199610.5%3.4%7.2%2.1%8.9%5.1%1.2%5.4%1.1%7.9%2.0%
199711.3%3.9%7.8%2.3%9.2%5.2%1.2%5.5%1.1%7.9%2.0%
199811.8%4.2%7.8%2.4%10.2%5.4%1.3%8.7%2.4%5.3%1.0%8.1%2.1%
199912.0%4.4%8.8%3.0%10.8%5.5%1.4%8.8%2.4%5.4%1.1%8.5%2.4%
200012.8%4.9%9.0%3.1%8.3%5.7%1.5%9.1%2.5%8.7%2.5%
200112.7%4.8%8.3%2.5%8.7%5.6%1.4%9.3%2.7%8.6%2.5%
200212.4%4.5%8.8%2.7%8.8%5.6%1.4%9.3%2.7%8.3%2.3%
200312.3%4.4%9.2%2.9%9.3%5.5%1.4%9.4%2.8%8.5%2.4%
200412.7%4.7%8.9%2.9%9.9%5.6%1.4%9.3%2.7%8.6%2.5%
200513.1%5.0%9.1%3.1%9.5%5.8%1.6%9.4%2.8%8.7%2.6%
200613.7%5.4%10.1%3.7%8.9%5.9%1.7%9.7%3.0%9.0%2.8%
200713.7%5.3%9.8%3.6%8.5%6.1%1.8%9.9%3.1%8.9%2.8%
200813.1%4.9%8.6%2.9%8.9%6.1%1.7%9.7%2.9%8.6%2.7%
200912.3%4.4%9.2%3.2%8.2%5.4%1.4%9.4%2.7%8.5%2.6%
201012.3%4.4%6.4%1.9%
Top income shares series based upon WTID series; missing values interpolated using moving averages (see formulas and "Details" sheet)
DetailsTS9.4
Detailed computations using WTID series are made here (and then copied to Chapter 9 excel file)
Table S9.4. Top income shares 1900-2010 (cont'd)
Europe(decennial averages)
Top 10% (without Sweden)Top 10% (incl. Sweden)USAUKGermanyFranceSwedenEurope (incl. Sweden)Europe (without Sweden)
190045.9%45.9%40.5%47.1%45.0%45.5%46.1%45.9%45.9%
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
190844.9%44.9%
190945.4%45.4%
191045.8%45.8%40.9%47.4%43.7%46.6%45.6%45.8%45.9%
191145.8%45.3%
191245.6%45.6%
191346.4%46.4%
191445.1%45.1%
191543.6%43.6%
191645.5%46.9%
191743.8%43.8%
191841.2%41.2%
191941.5%41.6%
192040.2%38.7%44.7%41.4%38.7%42.0%35.8%39.5%40.7%
192140.3%40.3%
192241.7%41.7%
192342.8%42.8%
192442.0%42.0%
192541.4%41.4%
192640.7%40.7%
192741.0%41.0%
192840.9%40.9%
192940.4%40.4%
193040.8%40.0%45.1%39.3%42.0%43.1%37.6%40.5%41.5%
193140.5%40.5%
193241.8%41.8%
193342.0%42.0%
193441.8%40.9%
193543.1%41.3%
193641.6%41.6%
193741.2%41.2%
193841.6%41.6%
193938.1%38.1%
194037.8%37.8%36.5%33.9%34.4%33.5%33.3%33.8%33.9%
194136.9%36.0%
194234.6%34.6%
194333.0%33.8%
194431.4%32.6%
194531.7%32.5%
194633.5%33.8%
194733.3%32.9%
194832.6%32.0%
194932.2%31.6%
195033.2%32.2%33.7%30.3%33.2%33.8%29.4%31.7%32.4%
195132.3%31.5%
195232.1%31.1%
195331.7%31.0%
195432.1%31.1%
195532.3%31.2%
195632.0%31.0%
195732.1%31.4%
195831.9%31.1%
195932.9%32.0%
196033.2%32.2%34.1%29.4%31.0%36.1%30.1%31.6%32.1%
196134.1%32.9%
196232.6%31.8%
196333.2%32.1%
196433.4%32.2%
196532.8%32.0%
196632.7%31.7%
196732.5%31.8%
196831.2%31.0%
196931.3%30.9%
197031.0%30.4%33.4%28.3%31.4%32.7%26.4%29.7%30.8%
197131.5%30.7%
197231.0%29.9%
197331.1%29.9%
197430.7%29.8%
197530.6%29.2%
197630.5%28.9%
197730.4%29.0%
197829.6%27.7%
197929.7%27.6%
198031.2%28.4%37.5%32.6%31.6%31.1%22.4%29.4%31.8%
198130.9%28.1%
198230.6%27.8%
198330.9%28.8%
198431.5%28.4%
198531.9%28.7%
198631.9%29.5%
198732.5%29.2%
198833.2%29.6%
198933.1%30.5%
199034.8%30.8%42.4%38.4%33.8%32.4%25.0%32.4%34.9%
199135.0%31.5%
199234.4%31.9%
199335.3%31.7%
199435.4%32.0%
199534.7%32.3%
199635.7%32.3%
199735.6%32.3%
199835.6%33.2%
199936.0%32.7%
200035.7%32.7%46.9%40.2%35.7%33.0%27.0%34.0%36.3%
200135.9%33.6%
200235.8%33.4%
200335.4%33.1%
200435.8%33.4%
200536.9%34.4%
200636.9%34.5%
200737.3%35.0%
200836.9%34.7%
200936.4%34.3%
201036.9%34.7%47.9%41.6%36.1%33.0%28.3%34.7%36.9%
Top income shares series based upon WTID series; missing values interpolated using moving averages and top 5% and top 1% series (see formulas and "Details" sheet)
DetailsTS9.5
Detailed computations using WTID series are made here (and then copied to Chapter 9 excel file)
Tableau S9.5. Top income shares 1900-2010 (cont'd)
IndiaSouth AfricaIndonesiaArgentinaChinaColombia
Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 1%Top 0,1%Top 1%Top 0,1%
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
19137.2%
191422.0%7.7%
191522.0%8.2%
191622.1%8.0%
191722.9%8.9%
191821.1%7.2%
191919.1%6.5%
192020.3%6.3%3.7%
192121.8%6.6%11.8%5.5%
192212.7%5.7%19.2%5.9%14.3%5.4%
192313.4%5.9%19.5%6.0%14.8%5.7%
192411.5%5.4%20.0%6.2%14.4%5.7%
192512.4%5.4%20.6%6.4%14.2%5.7%
192612.9%5.6%20.2%6.4%15.0%6.0%
192713.3%5.8%20.0%6.3%15.5%6.0%
192813.6%5.9%20.1%6.3%16.4%6.1%
192913.1%5.8%20.2%6.2%16.7%6.3%
193014.5%6.4%20.5%6.2%16.6%5.9%
193116.1%6.9%20.3%6.2%20.0%6.8%
193216.1%7.0%19.8%6.6%21.1%7.0%18.8%7.5%
193317.1%7.4%19.5%6.8%21.6%7.2%17.2%6.8%
193416.9%7.3%18.5%6.2%21.5%7.2%18.1%7.3%
193517.3%7.3%18.9%6.3%6.8%18.4%7.4%
193615.6%6.7%18.5%6.2%6.9%20.4%7.8%
193715.5%6.7%17.8%5.6%6.6%20.4%8.1%
193817.8%7.6%17.1%5.4%19.8%7.2%20.5%8.1%
193916.1%7.4%16.0%4.9%19.9%7.0%20.9%8.3%
194016.2%7.5%20.1%8.3%
194114.1%6.9%22.4%9.4%
194223.8%11.4%
194310.3%4.8%26.0%11.6%
194411.1%5.1%18.2%5.8%24.8%10.6%
194511.4%5.2%20.4%7.0%23.4%9.8%
194623.6%8.5%22.6%9.8%
194711.2%5.4%21.3%7.3%24.0%10.5%
194811.8%5.3%22.1%7.0%23.2%9.8%
194912.0%5.2%17.7%5.6%19.3%7.9%
195013.4%5.6%19.8%8.2%
195117.0%6.9%
195216.0%5.6%
195311.9%5.2%15.4%5.1%
195413.6%5.7%14.2%3.5%16.5%5.8%
195514.4%5.9%14.4%3.6%
195612.8%5.2%13.9%3.4%15.7%5.4%
195713.3%5.3%13.6%3.3%
195812.6%4.9%12.9%3.1%14.2%5.0%
195912.4%4.8%12.6%2.9%15.9%5.2%
196012.3%4.8%
196112.2%4.6%11.8%2.8%14.7%4.9%
196211.6%4.2%
196313.2%3.2%
19649.7%3.2%13.7%3.3%
196510.9%3.9%13.3%3.2%
196610.0%3.7%
196710.0%3.5%12.6%2.9%
196810.0%3.5%
196913.4%3.0%
197010.0%3.4%12.2%2.6%
19718.5%2.8%12.9%2.7%10.8%2.4%
19729.4%2.2%
19737.0%2.2%7.4%2.0%
19746.7%2.0%12.9%2.9%
19757.2%2.3%12.2%2.6%
19767.3%2.2%
19776.2%1.9%
19786.1%1.8%10.4%
19795.6%1.7%9.9%
19804.8%1.4%10.9%2.5%
19814.4%1.2%11.4%
19824.5%1.3%12.0%3.1%7.2%
19836.5%1.8%11.3%3.0%
19846.4%1.9%11.3%2.9%
19858.2%2.5%10.6%2.7%
19868.6%2.6%10.4%2.5%4.0%0.7%
19878.1%2.5%8.8%1.9%8.0%4.0%0.7%
19888.5%2.7%9.9%2.4%5.0%0.9%
19898.2%2.4%5.2%0.8%
19907.4%1.8%9.9%8.1%5.0%0.9%
19917.1%1.8%10.5%5.1%0.9%
19927.0%1.9%10.6%5.9%1.1%
19938.5%2.9%10.3%9.1%6.5%1.1%20.5%8.4%
19948.1%2.6%6.6%1.2%20.5%8.1%
19958.7%3.5%6.6%1.1%20.8%7.9%
19968.7%3.1%9.7%7.0%1.3%21.3%7.7%
199710.7%4.4%12.4%4.3%7.3%1.4%20.9%7.5%
19989.0%3.6%12.4%12.6%4.4%7.3%1.3%19.8%7.0%
19999.0%3.6%13.7%13.5%5.2%7.2%1.3%18.1%6.3%
200013.8%14.3%5.7%7.6%1.4%17.3%6.1%
200115.5%12.9%5.2%7.6%1.4%17.3%6.0%
200215.0%4.3%10.5%1.5%15.5%6.9%8.0%1.5%18.0%6.0%
200315.2%4.3%9.8%1.3%16.9%7.4%8.8%1.8%19.9%6.0%
200415.4%4.4%8.5%16.8%7.0%17.8%0.0%
200516.2%4.8%18.8%0.0%
200617.1%5.3%19.9%7.6%
200718.1%5.9%20.5%7.8%
200817.9%5.5%20.3%7.5%
200916.8%4.9%20.2%7.1%
201012.0%16.6%4.8%13.0%11.0%20.5%7.4%
Top income shares series based upon WTID series (see formulas and "Details" sheet)
DetailsWTIDSeries
World Top Incomes Database, series downloaded on January 17 2013
Note: in WTID there are missing values for UK and German top 10% shares; these missing values were estimated by interpolation using top 5% and top 1% series and in order to insure basic consistency with French and US series; the resulting series should be viewed as approximate and imperfect (particularly for Germany, due to the many changes in territories and imperfect data homogenity). All details are given in the formulas.
France-Top 10% income shareFrance-Top 5% income shareFrance-Top 1% income shareFrance-Top 0.1% income shareFrance-P90-95 shareFrance P95-99 shareGermany-Top 10% income shareGermany-Top 5% income shareGermany-Top 1% income shareGermany-Top 0.1% income shareGermany-Top 10% income share-including capital gainsGermany-Top 5% income share-including capital gainsGermany-Top 1% income share-including capital gainsGermany-Top 0.1% income share-including capital gainsGermany-P90-95 shareGermany P95-99 shareGermany- Corrected Top 10% income shareGermany-Corrected Top 1% income shareGermany-Corrected Top 0,1% income shareUnited Kingdom-Top 10% income share-tax unitsUnited Kingdom-Top 10% income share-adultsUnited Kingdom-Top 5% income share-tax unitsUnited Kingdom-Top 5% income share-adultsUnited Kingdom-Top 1% income share-tax unitsUnited Kingdom-Top 1% income share-adultsUnited Kingdom-Top 0.5% income share-tax unitsUnited Kingdom-Top 0.5% income share-adultsUnited Kingdom-Top 0.1% income share-tax unitsUnited Kingdom-Top 0.1% income share-adultsUnited Kingdom-Top 0.05% income share-tax unitsUnited Kingdom-Top 0.05% income share-adultsUnited Kingdom-Top 0.01% income share-tax unitsUnited Kingdom-Corrected Top 10% income shareUnited Kingdom-Corrected Top 1% income shareUnited Kingdom-Corrected Top 0,1% income shareUnited States-Top 10% income shareUnited States-Top 5% income shareUnited States-Top 1% income shareUnited States-Top 0.1% income shareUnited States-Top 10% income share-including capital gainsUnited States-Top 5% income share-including capital gainsUnited States-Top 1% income share-including capital gainsUnited States-Top 0.1% income share-including capital gainsUS-P90-95 shareUS-P95-99 shareJapan-Top 10% income shareJapan-Top 5% income shareJapan-Top 1% income shareJapan-Top 0.1% income shareJapan-Top 10% income share including capital gainsJapan-Top 5% income share including capital gainsJapan-Top 1% income share including capital gainsJapan-Top 0.1% income share including capital gainsJapan-P90-95 shareJapan-P95-99 shareSweden-Top 10% income shareSweden-Top 5% income shareSweden-Top 1% income shareSweden-Top 0.1% income shareSweden-Top 10% income share-including capital gainsSweden-Top 5% income share-including capital gainsSweden-Top 1% income share-including capital gainsSweden-Top 0.1% income share-including capital gainsSweden-P90-95 shareSweden-P95-99 shareItaly-Top 10% income shareItaly-Top 5% income shareItaly-Top 1% income shareItaly-Top 0.1% income shareSpain-Top 10% income shareSpain-Top 5% income shareSpain-Top 1% income shareSpain-Top 0.1% income shareSpain-Top 0.01% income shareCanada-Top 10% income share (adults)Canada-Top 10% income share-LAD (tax filers)Canada-Top 5% income shareCanada-Top 5% income share-LADCanada-Top 1% income shareCanada-Top 1% income share-LADCanada-Top 0.1% income shareCanada-Top 0.1% income share-LADCanada-Top 10% income share-including capital gainsCanada-Top 10% income share-including capital gains-LADCanada-Top 5% income share-including capital gainsCanada-Top 5% income share-including capital gains-LADCanada-Top 1% income share-including capital gainsCanada-Top 1% income share-including capital gains-LADCanada-Top 0.1% income share-including capital gainsCanada-Top 0.1% income share-including capital gains-LADDenmark-Top 10% income share-married couples & single adultsDenmark-Top 10% income share-adultsDenmark-Top 5% income share-married couples & single adultsDenmark-Top 5% income share-adultsDenmark-Top 1% income share-married couples & single adultsDenmark-Top 1% income share-adultsDenmark-Top 0.1% income share-married couples & single adultsDenmark-Top 0.1% income share-adultsAustralia-Top 10% income shareAustralia-Top 5% income shareAustralia-Top 1% income shareAustralia-Top 0.1% income shareNew Zealand-Top 10% income shareNew Zealand-Top 5% income shareNew Zealand-Top 1% income shareNew Zealand-Top 0.1% income shareArgentina-Top 1% income shareArgentina-Top 0.1% income shareChina-Top 10% income shareChina-Top 1% income shareChina-Top 0.1% income shareColombia-Top 1% income shareColombia-Top 0.1% income shareIndia-Top 1% income shareIndia-Top 0.1% income shareIndonesia-Top 1% income shareIndonesia-Top 0.1% income shareSouth Africa -Top 10% income share-married couples & single adultsTop 10% income share-adultsTop 1% income share-married couples & single adultsTop 1% income share-adultsTop 0.1% income share-married couples & single adultsTop 0.1% income share-adultsNetherlands-Top 1% income shareNetherlands-Top 0,1% income share
Units%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
NotesThe figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais' website.The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais' website.The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais' website.The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais' website.See formulaSee formulaEstimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal RepuEstimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal RepuEstimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal RepuEstimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal RepuSee formulaSee formulaSee formulaSee formulaSee formulaUp to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and singleUp to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and singleUp to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and singleUp to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and singleUp to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and singleUp to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and singleUp to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.See formulaSee formulaSee formulaEstimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.diffdiffEstimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.diffdiffEstimates excluding capital gains.Estimates excluding capital gains.Estimates excluding capital gains.Estimates excluding capital gains.Estimates including capital gains.Estimates including capital gains.Estimates including capital gains.Estimates including capital gains.diffdiffEstimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total gross income excluding capital gains. The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1968 and 1970. Tax units are: individuals aged 15+ minus married females until 1968; individuals aged 15+ from 1970 (some individuals below 15 years also file a tax return if they earn a sufficiently high income). 1969 was a tax free year. See source for details.Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total gross income excluding capital gains. The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1968 and 1970. Tax units are: individualsEstimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total gross income excluding capital gains. The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1968 and 1970. Tax units are: individualsEstimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total gross income excluding capital gains. The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1968 and 1970. Tax units are: individualsEstimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total gross income excluding capital gains. The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1968 and 1970. Tax units are: individualsEstimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total gross income excluding capital gains. The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1968 and 1970. Tax units are: individualsEstimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total gross income excluding capital gains. The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1968 and 1970. Tax units are: individualsEstimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total gross income excluding capital gains. The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1968 and 1970. Tax units are: individualsThe income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.Until 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 until 1999 estimates relate to adults; from 2000 estimates realate to taxpayers; see notesUntil 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 until 1999 estimates relate to adults; from 2000 estimates realate to taxpayers; see notesUntil 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 until 1999 estimates relate to adults; from 2000 estimates realate to taxpayers; see notesUntil 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 until 1999 estimates relate to adults; from 2000 estimates realate to taxpayers; see notes
187054.0840.2219.457.39
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
188619.147.22
188719.897.24
188817.676.78
188916.076.3
189014.335.63
189137.9229.9517.287.447.9712.6713.195.19
189237.4729.4516.817.188.0212.6414.455.79
189337.2129.2116.597.04812.6214.275.87
189437.1329.1816.597.107.9512.5913.45.69
189537.1829.2916.777.227.8912.5212.825.59
189637.5429.6817.167.487.8612.5213.235.8
189738.1930.2717.647.807.9212.6312.165.21
189838.7230.8418.118.097.8812.7313.575.58
189938.9731.1318.498.397.8412.6415.726.72
190039.1331.2918.638.477.8412.6645.0%18.6%8.5%16.266.83
190138.9931.0418.298.257.9512.7544.8%18.3%8.3%16.937.09
190238.5930.5217.787.898.0712.7444.4%17.8%7.9%17.997.55
190338.5230.4217.637.778.112.7944.3%17.6%7.8%17.557.4346.7935.3326.998.6646.7635.3227.018.7111.468.3441.8831.3116.216.13
190438.630.5517.817.868.0512.7444.4%17.8%7.9%16.587.21
190546.53420.59.512.513.538.9130.9518.228.157.9612.7344.7%18.2%8.2%18.077.82
190638.230.4918.148.247.7112.3543.9%18.1%8.2%18.127.64
190737.7830.1417.968.197.6412.1843.4%18.0%8.2%32.2518.267.5845.4236.3321.468.7245.436.3221.488.779.0914.87
190837.2629.5517.367.907.7112.1942.8%17.4%7.9%8.224.0446.3%21.7%10.9%33.8218.937.7442.4431.6716.456.26
190937.8429.6917.157.758.1512.5443.5%17.2%7.8%8.314.1246.8%21.8%11.0%33.7118.747.56
191038.0129.8417.247.848.1712.643.7%17.2%7.8%8.374.1847.1%21.9%11.1%33.5418.887.75
191137.7729.5717.487.968.212.0943.4%17.5%8.0%8.384.1947.2%21.9%11.1%31.417.997.5243.934.1119.578.1143.8834.119.588.159.7914.54
191237.7329.5517.528.018.1812.0343.4%17.5%8.0%8.384.1547.2%21.9%11.1%31.4817.917.6145.5935.7520.928.9945.5735.7420.949.049.8414.83
191338.5230.417.778.118.1212.6344.3%17.8%8.1%11.248.534.2548.0%22.1%11.2%17.968.6217.968.630.5617.457.387.22
191438.130.2417.788.167.8612.4643.8%17.8%8.2%10.718.114.0445.6%21.5%10.7%18.168.618.168.632.5318.557.9822.037.6520.968.63
191518.317.939.3131.919.539.187.4112.3745.2%19.5%9.2%10.778.174.0746.0%21.5%10.8%17.589.2217.589.232.7919.69.0948.5338.6824.0211.9821.958.1825.5811.44
191620.659.3940.7532.8421.3210.317.9111.5246.9%21.3%10.3%10.477.97444.9%21.2%10.5%18.579.8719.3110.530.8619.529.7252.9743.5328.0413.752.9443.5228.0613.789.4415.4922.068.0227.8813.02
191720.098.8941.9833.5522.4211.048.4311.1348.3%22.4%11.0%9.267.063.5239.7%19.9%9.3%40.2930.3317.68.3640.5130.6417.748.410.012.728.9818.689.5210.354.2443.8827.6113.2322.898.8526.5112.39
191817.957.6741.5233.2122.210.938.3111.0147.7%22.2%10.9%37.0330.3519.2415.468.686.583.2137.0%19.2%8.7%39.929.315.886.7440.1129.4915.966.710.613.425.5516.628.38.953.3142.8726.0811.5621.17.1721.959.65
191942.2533.8419.58.268.4114.3437.9230.0219.479.187.910.5543.6%19.5%9.2%38.7331.4819.5915.698.986.793.3238.7%19.6%9.0%39.4829.3115.876.4540.3230.1716.416.610.213.424.8315.257.379.641.9131.2316.337.3341.8931.2216.357.3710.6814.946.836.2321.289.819.16.4923.7410.79
192039.5931.4117.957.638.1813.468.036.062.9440.8%18.6%8.0%38.127.4714.465.3739.0128.3214.835.410.613.028.1217.097.911.035.8326.1313.485.2335.8126.1213.495.259.712.6532.614.45.3641.0929.8615.326.143.720.316.3420.598.92
192139.731.0417.327.238.6613.728.086.042.940.8%18.6%8.1%42.8630.4615.475.643.1830.815.645.612.415.031.4718.488.113.040.5817.65.8140.0727.812.784.4519.4311.633.9725.3911.343.1311.825.5421.826.6118.297.6
192241.5432.517.877.269.0414.639.076.783.2341.8%19.7%9.1%42.9531.0516.296.1743.7231.9417.066.611.914.832.9619.558.6313.434.3415.175.0439.9527.9512.754.1117.6510.683.5723.8410.472.8912.725.6614.285.3519.225.8516.826.57
192343.5434.1518.917.619.3915.249.296.953.3442.0%19.9%9.3%40.5928.9514.995.541.4629.7815.645.911.614.033.5819.728.613.930.1514.384.6940.9729.1413.864.8111.763.9824.7210.942.9613.395.9114.815.6919.536.0316.456.3
192442.1432.2717.967.059.8714.319.056.743.2341.8%19.7%9.1%43.2630.9316.326.1444.4132.1117.426.812.314.633.619.728.6213.930.6514.534.8940.7729.0213.784.8411.674.2533.7324.4710.892.9111.465.3714.425.6719.976.2217.346.88
192544.0733.6318.167.0710.4415.4711.33.9038.7%11.3%3.9%8.796.533.1341.5%19.4%8.8%44.1732.4717.66.7546.3535.0120.248.511.714.918.327.9629.7613.184.3439.3127.4812.544.111.313.9934.9725.1611.082.9212.385.3914.195.6520.616.4317.757.19
192642.0632.3417.826.989.7214.5232.522.111.34.0010.410.838.7%11.3%4.0%8.676.423.0741.4%19.3%8.7%44.0732.7518.017.0745.7134.6119.918.511.314.718.558.2930.1514.014.8138.6926.8312.13.7911.073.8835.7325.1810.842.7912.895.57155.9720.26.3617.997.26
192742.9532.4717.456.8710.4815.0211.54.1039.0%11.5%4.1%8.496.283.0141.2%19.1%8.5%44.6733.4318.687.4746.6735.6921.039.311.214.817.897.9630.714.695.1339.6927.8912.964.2711.683.8635.6924.9910.642.6913.325.8215.525.9819.996.2718.377.39
192842.7532.1917.276.7710.5614.9232.222.611.24.009.611.438.6%11.2%4.0%8.546.343.0441.3%19.1%8.5%46.0934.7719.68.1949.2938.5623.9411.511.315.218.518.2831.3115.325.2940.128.2713.254.3811.854.2635.8525.4211.473.1713.625.9216.386.1420.086.3118.637.57
192941.5930.916.156.2510.6914.7511.13.9038.5%11.1%3.9%8.336.152.9341.1%18.9%8.3%43.7633.0518.427.6246.7136.4822.3510.910.714.618.358.1731.7315.645.3440.2528.4113.294.3610.673.5836.5425.4810.992.8813.075.7716.716.3220.156.1918.097.1
193041.0830.1415.315.7910.9414.837.815.742.7140.5%18.3%7.8%43.0731.1816.426.443.8732.0617.227.111.914.816.787.3238.4127.8713.744.8238.3927.8613.754.8510.5414.1332.7416.15.6840.0128.2613.284.329.753.238.3826.1710.572.614.536.3916.645.8720.536.2317.156.47
193141.1229.6714.635.3711.4515.047.175.242.4439.9%17.6%7.2%44.431.0115.275.6844.5431.2315.55.913.415.717.387.4236.0316.65.5540.4828.6113.444.369.343.0716.096.9420.036.7720.346.1815.595.47
193243.4431.0614.85.2212.3816.2638.426.611.43.8011.815.242.2%11.4%3.8%6.8752.3239.6%17.3%6.9%46.332.5915.485.946.3732.6715.566.013.717.117.567.6139.4217.675.9841.229.0313.534.49.273.0818.777.5216.147.0321.137.0219.776.5714.434.79
193344.8731.9514.955.212.921710.93.8041.7%10.9%3.8%6.754.912.2439.5%17.2%6.8%45.0332.4915.776.0545.633.1916.466.612.516.718.288.161.4140.8818.035.9140.929.0313.864.7110.323.5338.1325.9910.862.8117.186.817.117.3921.557.1819.466.8314.24.63
193446.0132.6815.285.3113.3317.436.325.311.33.80111439.9%11.3%3.8%6.784.922.2339.5%17.2%6.8%45.1632.9915.875.8245.7833.7116.46.112.217.118.968.4638.0626.7311.953.8338.0426.7211.953.8511.3314.781.439.1117.55.8640.9229.3114.364.9310.363.4937.9725.6410.422.4918.067.2816.97.2821.517.2218.546.1714.024.53
193546.6133.115.45.3113.5117.7124.4042.9%12.0%4.4%6.965.082.3539.7%17.4%7.0%43.3930.9915.635.844.4932.2816.686.412.415.418.748.4136.1825.7412.324.2236.1625.7312.324.2410.4413.421.5338.0816.995.6340.2428.8414.24.9910.543.4924.6510.362.7718.447.4117.337.346.8118.876.27144.55
193644.131.5814.745.1712.5216.8437.32713.75.5010.313.341.0%13.7%5.5%7.035.122.3539.8%17.5%7.0%44.7732.6517.646.6946.5934.6419.297.612.115.018.688.438.3517.45640.3129.0314.435.0711.283.7134.4924.1510.662.8120.47.7615.586.736.9318.496.1814.835.15
193742.930.2114.465.2412.6915.75156.2042.5%15.0%6.2%38.3729.7516.9813.076.594.782.1838.4%17.0%6.6%43.3531.3816.456.1644.2332.2717.156.512.014.931.3419.268.8312.135.8116.265.4840.1128.8614.314.989.833.1930.3620.518.331.9120.448.1115.546.716.5617.765.6216.056.13
193842.5229.7914.275.0512.7315.5216.36.7043.9%16.3%6.7%6.574.792.2138.3%16.9%6.6%4330.1814.735.1644.0731.3415.755.912.815.531.8119.929.1911.939.5518.46.0539.1327.7813.334.4710.393.4127.6418.477.321.6620.478.117.827.6319.87.2417.095.3515.685.6
193938.2427.2113.34.9911.0313.916.354.612.1337.9%16.6%6.4%44.5731.2915.395.4545.5232.2816.185.913.315.917.957.8337.2216.885.6338.9727.7613.464.5720.7110.733.529.7219.927.851.8620.888.3416.117.3819.877.0316.024.9415.795.54
194039.1127.8513.354.911.2614.55.674.091.8436.5%15.4%5.7%44.4331.2915.735.5745.2932.2216.486.013.115.616.456.821.3133.6814.714.5238.9927.9813.824.9120.5710.33.3728.6719.167.421.6720.118.2516.157.53
194138.727.3712.884.2711.3314.4953.571.5735.2%14.2%5.0%41.0229.0215.015.2941.9329.9915.795.812.014.016.676.3634.0923.6710.293.0134.0823.6710.33.0210.4213.381.3845.330.7413.34.2439.0328.1713.684.6534.6123.6710.783.3422.439.4414.066.8517.646.36
194235.0424.911.533.6410.1413.374.443.151.3734.1%13.2%4.4%35.4925.1112.914.4836.1325.813.434.810.412.215.115.691.239.5626.4211.33.5338.3927.6513.44.3734.1223.2610.433.1123.7711.38
194332.2622.6810.133.019.5812.559.044.232.981.2833.7%12.8%4.2%32.6723.0211.483.7833.6924.0812.314.39.711.513.624.9635.6124.4810.442.9935.5924.4710.45311.1314.041.1639.2925.8410.723.2236.8926.1712.063.6934.2323.4210.453.0925.9611.6210.324.84
194429.4220.188.372.329.2411.818.974.132.91.2233.5%12.7%4.1%31.5521.7610.543.3332.5122.7711.283.89.811.210.743.9334.8423.8210.042.8534.8323.8110.052.8711.0213.781.0637.3824.4910.012.9236.0525.2511.163.331.2521.099.032.4924.7510.6311.135.118.245.8
194529.719.587.541.9610.1212.049.384.232.951.2333.7%12.8%4.2%32.6422.911.073.3234.4224.7912.524.29.711.86.431.8834.2323.369.772.7234.2223.369.782.7410.8713.591.1237.2724.6310.122.8936.2825.5111.373.3828.7519.568.442.3125.2617.086.881.623.399.7611.415.2120.447
194632.8722.349.222.6110.5313.12104.483.11.2734.2%13.3%4.5%34.6224.6611.763.4336.726.7713.284.410.012.934.2923.5210.072.9134.3123.5410.12.9310.7713.451.0437.7425.310.723.0234.0923.5710.63.3531.6121.769.512.5927.118.547.51.7622.639.7923.618.4812.863.74
194733.223.059.222.5910.1513.839.384.12.811.1433.4%12.6%4.1%33.0223.310.953.2434.3524.6811.963.99.712.426.8118.57.362.1526.8618.547.382.158.311.132.0921.438.622.3532.1321.488.662.3610.712.80.8638.1425.6610.993.0934.0523.5510.663.4533.123.4110.622.9228.4419.547.721.7724.0210.5111.235.4421.297.34
194832.3521.468.752.4310.8912.718.883.862.631.0532.9%12.2%3.9%33.7223.711.273.4435.0125.0612.244.110.012.429.5920.377.792.0629.720.467.842.089.212.630.7720.287.92.0630.8420.347.962.0610.512.40.8236.6824.4910.392.9432.6922.339.873.1332.7723.3510.82.8928.819.677.741.8723.229.7811.845.2922.097.03
194932.221.79.012.6110.512.6932.2523.3911.478.123.452.340.9432.3%11.5%3.5%33.7623.4610.953.3434.7524.5111.733.810.312.532.1121.667.891.8232.2321.757.941.8410.513.830.3519.897.641.9630.4419.987.711.9610.512.30.8138.2225.3710.682.9132.3321.949.653.132.8223.6611.263.3129.5620.328.021.9219.347.87125.2417.745.6
195031.9721.628.982.610.3512.6434.424.911.63.9034.625.111.84.29.513.334.4%11.6%3.9%8.513.592.420.9633.8723.8711.363.5335.5625.5312.824.410.012.531.6620.967.691.7331.7217.711.7410.713.330.2519.87.591.9430.3719.917.671.9410.512.20.738.2425.4510.883.0632.2221.539.443.0131.5325.5614.134.4731.3222.599.442.2319.818.1513