Energetics/Enzyme Worksheet-O-Rama Name_______________________________________

Period_______ Date________________In the blanks preceding each item, indicate if the first law of thermodynamics (I) or the second law of thermodynamics (II) is best described.

You need to eat a good breakfast if you want to successfully think in first periodEvaporation of gasoline into the atmosphereThe creation of a snowman by childrenThe death and decay of an organism

Label each part of this molecule of ATP

What is the one word that you could use todescribe a. and b. together?

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What properties of c. cause the conversion of ATP into ADP to be spontaneous?

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Look at the picture below to answer the following 6 questions. Each question could have more than one answer.

Which bond is a peptide bond?Which bond has the greatest polarity?Which functional groups or R groups are hydrophobic?Which functional groups or R groups are hydrophilic?Which functional group is an amino group?Which functional group or R group is an acid?

Enzymes a. Impart to substrates the kinetic energy they need to react.b. May have at their active sites amino acids from widely different parts of a polypeptide chain.c. Help align substrates so that the latter are oriented to each other in a very precise way.d. Two of the above are correct.e. a, b, c are correct

The conformation of a protein molecule depends upon several different types of bonds and group interactions. Which of these remain intact when a protein is denatured?

a. peptide bonds b. ionic bonds c. hydrophobic interactions d. hydrogen bonds e. none of the above

Match the items on the sketch below with the list of descriptions. Answers may be used once only.

7. 8. 9.

10. 11. A. Complementary active site of the enzymeB. Enzyme, a protein with catalytic powerC. Substrate(s)D. Enzyme/Substrate complexE. Product

For the questions below, use the diagram above of a polypeptide chain. The heavy line represents the backbone of the chain. Selected R groups of amino acids are shown together with various bonds and interactions that stabilize the folding of the chain. Each bond or interaction is labeled with a roman numeral in parentheses.

Which of the atoms below are bonded together linearly to form the backbone of the chain?a. C, H, and N b. C, H, and O c. C, and N d. C and O e. C, N, and O

Which of the bonds between R groups is (are) ionic bonds?a. I b. III c. IV d. III and IV e. I and II

Which of the R group interactions is (are)hydrophobic?a. I b. II c. I and II d. III e. III and IV

Which of the bonds between R groups is (are) hydrogen bonds(s)?a. II b. III c. IV d. II and III e. II and IV

A student learned that biological redox reactions occur if cells contain the enzyme dehydrogenase. She wished to determine whether this enzyme is present in liver cells. She also knew that methylene blue becomes colorless when it accepts hydrogen ions.

The student set up a series of test tubes numbered 1-5. The contents of each tube (summarized in the chart below) were covered with a layer of mineral oil. Each tube was placed into a water bath at 37C, which is approximately 99 F for 20 minutes.

The student’s question, “ Is enzyme present in liver cells?,” was answered by test tubes numbereda. 1 & 2 b. 3 & 4 c. 4 & 5 d. 2 & 3 e. 1 & 5

Which tube served as the control group?a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

An experiment is designed to measure the rate of maltase activity. Different amounts of maltose were added to a system containing a fixed concentration of maltase. Which graph would MOST likely result from plotting the data collected from the experiment?

Refer to the following figures to answer the following questions.

Which curve was generated using an enzyme taken from a bacterium that lives in hot springs at temperatures of 70C or higher?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

The optimum temperature for enzyme 1 (curve 1) is approximatelya. 0C b. 35C c. 45C d. 75C e. Can not be

determined

Which curves would be generated from analysis of an enzyme from a human small intestine where conditions are slightly basic?

a. 1 & 4 b. 2 & 5 c. 3 & 4 d. 1 & 5 e. 3 & 5

An enzyme is classified as a:a. Protein b. Lipid c. Carbohydrate d. Nucleic Acid

Given what you know about enzymes, which of the following molecules is an enzyme?a. amylose b. sucrose c. protease d. nucleic acid e. more than one of the

above

Which of the following is a true statement about cofactors?a. They are often necessary to facilitate enzyme-substrate bindingb. They are often vitaminsc. They are often minerals -- (metal ions) such as magnesium and irond. Two of the above are correcte. All of the above are correct

Enzymes that function in the stomach cannot work well elsewhere in the digestive tract. This is probably because:

a. The enzymes in the stomach only work at that particular temperature.b. The enzymes in the stomach only work at that particular pH.c. The enzymes in the stomach can only be used once.d. All of the above

If the active site of an enzyme is small and contains mainly hydrophilic and positively charged residue (R) groups, it would most readily bind with a substrate region which is

a. small, hydrophobic and positively chargedb. small, hydrophilic and positively chargedc. small, hydrophobic and negatively chargedd. small, hydrophilic and negatively chargede. large, hydrophobic an positively charged

The enzyme succinic dehydrogenase normally catalyzes a reaction involving succinic acid. Another substance, malonic acid, sufficiently resembles succinic acid to form temporary complexes with the enzyme, although malonic acid itself cannot be catalyzed by succinic acid dehydrogenase.

In this example, succinic acid isa. the substrate b. the active site c. an inhibitor d. the product

Malonic acid isa. the substrate b. a competitive inhibitor c. a cofactor d. a coenzyme e. a irreversible inhibitor

For the next question, also use the diagram to the right.

______ curve showing rate of product formation without the presence of malonic acid

- - - - - possible curves showing rate of product formation with presence of malonic acid

The solid line shows the reaction rate when a certain amount of the enzyme is added to 1M succinic acid. Then the same amount of enzyme is added to 1 M succinic acid, but 0.5 M malonic acid is also present. Which of the dotted-line curves best shows the new rate of succinic acid catalysis?

The reaction A + B - C + D is exergonic. All of the following procedures are effective in accelerating the rate of the chemical reaction except

a. increasing the concentration of C & Db. increasing the concentration of A & Bc. increasing the pressure on A & Bd. providing an appropriate catalyste. heating A and B together

Glucose will not burn in the air unless it is strongly heated. Why is this heat required?a. Heat provides the activation energyb. Heat acts as a catalystc. Heat lowers the average energy content of the moleculesd. Heat increases the net amount of energy released by the reation.e. Heat changes exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions.

For the following 5 questions, use the diagram above, showing energy changes in the reaction X + W Y + Z. Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Which segment represents the energy of activation?

Which segment represents the amount of net free energy released by this reaction?

Which segment would be the same irrespective of whether the reaction was uncatalyzed or catalyzed by an enzyme?

The above reaction isa. exergonic b. endergonic c. spontaneous d. a and c are correct

The above reaction a. would have a negative G.b. would have a positive G.

c. could either have a negative or positive G, depending on the reactants and the temperature.

Which of the following statements is true of enzymes?a. Enzymes lose some or all of their normal activity if their three dimensional structure is

disruptedb. Enzymes are composed of ribose, phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base.c. The activity of enzymes is independent of temperature and pH.d. Enzymes provide the activation energy necessary to initiate a reaction.e. An enzyme acts only once and is then destroyed.

Refer to the following information and graph. In an experiment, five test tubes were prepared, each containing the same amount of starch and salivary amylase. Each of the five test tubes was maintained at a different pH. After 10 minutes the amount of disaccharide in each test tube was measured and recorded. The results are summarized in the graph below.

What is the product of the breakdown of starch by salivary amylase?a. maltose b. fructose c. glucose d. glycogen e. cellulose

The best explanation for the fact that the least amount of disaccharide was observed at pH 11 is thata. competitive inhibition reduced the number of enzyme molecules free to react with

substrateb. substrate was not available to react with enzyme at pH 11c. the number of collisions between substrate and enzyme decreasedd. the enzyme was denatured at pH 11e. the activation energy increases at higher pH

What was the optimal pH for salivary amylase based on this experiment?a. 3 b. 5 c. 7 d. 9 e. 11

The diagram on the right shows a biochemical pathway depicting the productionof various amino acids by the bacterium Escherichia coli. Answer the two questions below on the basis of the diagram.

Three enzymes, E1, E2, and E3 convert aspartic acid to product A. Theseenzymes are inhibited by negative feedback of lysine, methionine, and threoninerespectively. If there is an excess of lysine in the system, which statementis True?

a. No aspartic acid is converted to product A.b. The production of product A is cut by approximately one-third.c. There will be an increase in all three amino acids.d. No threonine or methionine will be produced.e. All of product A will be converted to isoleucine.

If a gene mutation occurs, resulting in a defect in E7, which of the following statements is true?

a. The production of product A will be cut by approximately one third.b. The production of aspartic acid will be affected.c. The production of lysine will ceased. The production of isoleucine may decreasee. The production of product C will be reduced