An Effort towards Water Security

Gujarat Experience

Mahesh Singh, IFS

Member Secretary (GWSSB) & Additional Secretary (Plan) Government

Of Gujarat

• Total 185 Rivers in Gujarat State out of Which only 8 are perennial located in

Southern Gujarat

• Drinking water scarcity felt in almost 2/3rd part of the State

Cum/Capita/Annum

India 2000

Gujarat <1000

South & Central Gujarat

1932

North Gujarat 342

Saurashtra 734

Kutch 875

Fresh Water Availability – India & Gujarat

Seasonal Scarcity

Salinity

Nitrate

Fluoride

As per Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission Survey 2003-04

Problems of Drinking Water in Gujarat

• Long coastline (1600 Kms.) & Gulf–

Salinity ingress

• Hills and Low recharge

• Excessive exploitation of ground water

• Recurrent Droughts

• Drinking Water Reservations in all major

medium reservoirs

Quality ProblemsFluorosis

Problem

Areas

Problems of Drinking Water in Gujarat

Constraints in Developing Water Supply System

.. . . .. .

BOP

Shift from Ground Water to Surface Water

Conjunctive Use of Resources

Approach Towards Achieving Water Security

Pragmatic & Meticulous Planning up to 2000

Water Reservation From Narmada Dam

Total : 1.06 MAF (3571 MLD)

Domestic : 0.86 MAF (2900 MLD)

Industrial : 0.20 MAF (671 MLD)

23 Off-take Points on Narmada Main/ Branch Canals

3268 Km Bulk Water Transmission Mains planned

182 RWSS on Narmada Canal based & More than 350 in Grid

9859 Villages & 173 Towns of 22 Districts from Narmada Dam and More than 15009 Villages

and 185 towns from Grid

75% of State’s Population, at present 4.0 Crore Population Benefited

Narmada Master Plan

Narmada Dam

Water Supply Grid – Infrastructure & Coverage

2692 Km Bulk Water Transmission main

3 Layer Polyethylene Coating (3LP) coating on the outside and Food

Grade Epoxy Coating on the inside

120769 Km Distribution pipeline

2250 MLD liter Narmada water installed capacity of Grid.

Approx. 70% of State’s population i.e 4.0 Crore People are supplied about

3000 MLD water .

11571 Villages and 157 Towns are connected through Water Grid.

23693 Water Storage Reservoir

188 Water Treatment Plant of 3000 MLD Capacity.

Finally Drought proofing of system is nearly achieved

Water Security - A Multi Pronged Strategy

Distant Surface Source

At-least dual connectivity

Local Surface Source

Local Ground Source

Basin based Recharging

Long term source sustainability

Bore blasting & Hydro fracturing

Bore & Well Recharging

Roof top Rain Water Harvesting

Water Balance Plan

Water Auditing & Budgeting

Awareness

New Agricultural Practices

Village in-situ conservation

At-least Dual Connectivity

• State wide Water Supply Grid

• Distant Surface Water

• 7911 villages and 157 towns of Gujarat have been covered

• 2692 km of bulk pipe line

• 2900 MLD supply

• Local Surface Water• 2903 villages and 25 towns covered through 91 RWSS with combined output capacity of 950

MLD

• Ground Water• 882 villages and 8 towns covered through 86 RWSS with capacity 109 MLD

Inter linking of Basins

• Sujalam Suphalam Yojana

10 water scarce districts

Flood water transfer to water scarce regions – Sujalam Suphalam canal

Filling of dams from Narmada water – 14 pipelines for 10 dams

Filling of ponds by Narmada water

Inter linking of 27 rivers

NARMADA MAIN CANAL

SUJALAM SUPHALAM

SPREADING CANAL

SIPU DANTIWADA

WATRAK

KADANA

HATHMATI

DHAROI

MESWO

MAZAM

GUHAI

MUKTESWAR

Recharge Activities Carried out by Water Supply Department

1621

18 48233

4536

3195

248 39

25370 177

Check Dam (1621)

Under Ground Check Dam (18)

Nala Plug (48)

Recharge Tube Well (233)

Bore Blasting (4536)

Hydrofracturing (3195)

Horizontal Bores (248)

Percolation Tanks (39)

Pond Rejuvenation (253)

Well Recharge (70)

Defunct HP as Recharge Bore (177)

Exemplary Recharge Work

7929

21

8

Before

Potable Nitrate Fluoride Saline

133

4

After

Potable Non Potable

Impact of Recharge Activity in Khedbrahma Taluka (Sabarkantha District)

Total = 137

Impact of Recharge on Ground Water Augmentation

Bore Blasting

• Technology develops the

secondary porosity in the hard

and compact formations for

movement of the underground

water in large area.

• Creates more storage space for

ground water artificially in

massive rocks by fracturing the

formations

Dry Well Rejuvenated after Bore Blasting

Recharge through bore well at Dheduki, Surendranagar District

Description Initial Value 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013

Rainfall Annual (mm) 877 517 372 622 270 606

Water level (meters) 80 62 54 51 54 50

Water quality (mgl) TDS Fluoride

13000.8

7600.6

5500.5

4500.5

5380.6

4800.5

Impact of Recharge on Drinking Water SupplySources (Bores) of Water Supply = 11 nosVillages included in group water supply scheme = 27 nos

Recharge through bore well at Dheduki, Surendranagar District

Farmers of the area are taking sugarcane crop also after 25 years due to sustainability of their sources

Irrigation Sources (Bores) 112 nos

Villages included in Survey 3 nos

Increase in irrigated area 20 - 25%

Increase in Production 30 - 35%

Impact of Recharge on Irrigation in Surrounding Area

Impact of Hydro-fracturing in Valsad District

Conclusion• The data above reveals that the technique improves the yield of the seasonal and sick bores• Increased connectivity of the fractures enhances the natural recharge during rainy season

10

18

47

20

3 10

25

50

0-100 100-200 200-300 300-400 400-500 500-600

% Increase in Discharge

No of Bores

W a t e r S a t u r a t e d Z o n e

F l o w

D r y Z o n e

( I m p e r v i o u s )

S u b s u r f a c e D a m

Site selection of a UGCD (sub-surface dyke)

• Ascertain that the river flows frequently.

• The riverbed should consist of coarse sand for maximum storage capacity and recharge of wells. Water in coarse soil

flows up to 100 times faster than in a fine soil.

• The portion beneath the riverbed should comprise of solid rock without any fractures. Clay can also serve to avoid the

loss of stored water by seepage.

• Make a rough estimate of the dimensions of the storage by making use of simple iron rod or auger depth penetrations

upstream and cross stream.

No. District River BasinVillages covered

Structures Status of work

1 Sabarkantha Sabarmati, Hathmati 5394025

Completed

2 Aravalli Vatrak, Majum 688 Completed

3 KutchNara, Kali, Bhukhi, Suri,

Nagmati, Khari, etc.308 362 Completed

4 Rajkot Bhader, Aji, Nyari, Machchu 116 157 Completed

5 Chhota Udaipur Orsang 35 84Projects are

approved and at various stages of

tendering

6 Vadodra Orsang 282 475

7 Bhavnagar Bagad 24 72

8 Amreli Gangadia 21 36

River Basins Identified for Recharge Activities

Topography Structures adopted

1. Plain area or gently undulating

• Pond Rejuvenation

• Under Ground Check Dam

• Check Dams

• Percolation Tanks

2. Valley Slopes

• Contour Bunds

• Trenches & Recharge pits

• BBT

3. Plateau Regions

• Recharge Wells

• BBT

• Hydro-fracturing

4. Flood Plain Deposits • Recharge Tube wells

5. Foot Hills • Khadins

Problems

Corrective Efforts

Result

Working towards drinking water security and habitat improvement by empowering communities to manage their local water

sources, drinking water supply and environmental sanitation

Philosophy Users are the best managers Building partnerships and working together

Water and Sanitation Management Organization (WASMO)

Status of Community managed In-village Scheme

• With consistent effort of WASMO, Pani Samitis have been formed in 18,185 villages of the

State.

• Action Plans approved for taking up in-village drinking Water Supply schemes in 14044

villages

• 10663 schemes have already been completed and now maintained and managed by Pani

Samitis

THANK YOU