`

An AssStatisti

Ruby Pa

Received

Abstract

An extchemicalRiver atShringveSangam post-monphysico-cConductiBiologicaOxygen (TA), ToSolids (Tused to ariver at Acalculateto identifwater qu0.05).

For corre DepartmeAllahabadEmail: ru

ESSENC

Volume V

essment ocal metho

andey, Anup

: November 0

t

tensive invl parameters t different erpur, Pha

during prnsoon seasochemical paivity (EC), al Oxygen D

Demand (otal HardneT.D.S), Chlanalyse the

Allahabad. Ced between dfy the highlyuality param

espondence:

nt of Botany, Ud, Uttar Pradeshubypandeybotan

CE - Interna

: No. 2 2014 [2

“Environ

of Water Qd: Princip

p Kumar Pa

03, 2014 ⏐ Ac

vestigation of water samGhats of A

aphamau, e-monsoon,

ons in year arameters as

Dissolved ODemand (BO(COD), Toess (TH), Tloride & Tpollution in

Correlation Cdifferent pairy correlated

meters. (Sign

University of Ah, India nyau@gmail.c

ational Jour

28 – 34]

mental Conser

Quality of pal Comp

andey and D

ccepted: Dec

of physicmple of GanAllahabad vDaraganj

monsoon 2013-14. TpH, Electri

Oxygen (DOOD), Chemiotal AlkalinTotal DissoTurbidity wndex of GanCoefficient wrs of parame& interrelat

nificance lev

Allahabad,

com

rnal for Env

Proceedings o

rvation and Cl

River Ganponent Ana

D. N. Shukla

cember 15, 20

co-nga viz:

& &

Ten ical O), ical nity lve ere nga was eter ted vel

PrinimpparaquaidenexpdatatotafocuphaIndi

KeyparaAna

Intr

WatesseandimpplanWatinflu

vironmenta

of National Co

lean India Pro

nga at Allaalysis (PC

a

014 ⏐ Online:

ncipal compportant statisameters resp

ality varianntified as reslaining 92.9aset i.e.; firsal variance inuses on the

ases under wia can be rev

ywords: Gaameters | coalysis (PCA)

roduction

ter of adeqential for su

d Ouarda, 2portant role ints [Pejman ter quality uences hum

al Rehabilita

onference

ogramme” Dec

ahabad wiA)

: December 3

ponent analstical methoponsible for nce. One sponsible fo91% of totst factor expn the datasetfour broad,

which the viewed.

anga River rrelation | P)

quate quantustainable d2009). Watein health of h(2009) and

is the can health as

ation and C

[ISS

[ww

cember 2014, I

ith respec

31, 2014

lysis (PCA)od to ascervariability ilatent facto

or the data sttal varianceplained 92.9t. The prese, often overlegal provis

| physico-cPrincipal Com

tity and qudevelopment er quality phuman, animZhao et al.

critical factwell as the

onservation

SN 0975 - 6272

ww.essence-jou

India

28

t to a

) is an rtain the in water or was tructure,

e in the 91 % of ent study rlapping, sions of

chemical mponent

uality is (Khalil

performs mals and (2012)]. tor that quantity

n

2]

urnal.com]

and qualand semactivitiesquality oatmospheof agricuuse (Niem

Increasinwater quwater qcapacity activitiesAllahabaagricultuNaini inPhulpur dischargeTreatmenRajapur (Jamsheddata anapopular imeasurem2013). Tdata anal(CA), fanalysis identify explain influence

In the prto assess respect tthree seaduring 20viz: Shri

ity of grain mi-arid area s are a majof surface aeric pollutio

ultural chemimi, 1990).

ng problem uality, it is nquality to

(Kesharwans responsiblad are dueure and indusndustrial are

fertilizers e into the rint plants are not abled et al. 201alysis methin environmment and mThe most clysis methodfactor analy(FA/PCA), important

the variatioe the water s

resent paper the physico

to Principaasons viz: su013-14 at diingverpur,

production (Zhang, 20or factor de

and ground on, effluent dicals, eroded

of deteriornecessary to evaluate th

ni et al. 200le for rivere to sewastrial effluenea, Phapham

factory wiver. The ex(STP) at to cope wit

13). The muhods are b

mental studiemonitoring (Acommon muds used are cysis/principawhich havecomponent

ons in wateystem (Andr

an attempt ho-chemical pl componen

ummer, monifferent ghatPhaphamau,

Pandey et al.

in semi-hum12). Humetermining twater throu

discharges, ud soils and la

ration of rivmonitoring

he producti04). The mar pollution

age discharnts mainly fromau area a

which direcxisting SewaGaughat a

th the situatiultidimensionecoming ve

es dealing wAdebola et ultidimensioncluster analyal compone been used s/sources th

er quality arade, 2008).

has been maarameters wnt analysis

nsoon & wints of Allahab, Daraganj

/Vol. V [2] 20

mid man the

ugh use and

ver of ion

ajor in

rge, om and ctly age and ion nal ery

with al. nal

ysis ent to

hat and

ade with

in nter bad

&

San

Ma

Des

Allastat25.4Indinaminduinduseweithhenkindmet200

Fig.

Sam

Thesiteandduriandlikeestimcoll

014 /28 – 34 

ngam.

aterials and

scription of

ahabad is loce of Uttar 45°N 81.84°ia where tw

mely Ganga ustrial effluustrial efflu

wage/wastes her with pance increasinds of pollutals in the 09).

1: Map of Uand an showing s

mple Collect

e water sams viz: Shrin

d Sangam fing three se

d winter for te pH and mated at thlection of

Methods

the Study A

cated in the Pradesh, a

°E, it is an olwo big riveand Yamun

uents have uents as are dispos

artial or no ng concent

utants includriverine wa

Uttar Pradesh senlarged vie

study sites.

tion

mples were cngverpur, Phfor physicoeasons viz: the year 201dissolved ohe spot immthe sampl

Area

southern paat 25°27′N ld and uniquers of the na carrying a confluenwell as d

sed in thesepre-treatm

tration of dding that oater (Gupta

showing Allahw of Allaha

collected frohaphamau, Do-chemical

summer, m13-2014. Paroxygen (DOmediately ales whereas

29 

art of the 81°50′E

ue city in country various

ce. The domestic e rivers

ment and different f heavy

a et al.,

habad city abad city

om four Daraganj analysis

monsoon rameters O) were after the s water

analysis done in th

Analytic

The walaboratoranalysis samples dichromaindicatorwith sphenolphindicatorwith EDTdye as method),(Nepheloargentomchromate

Statistica

Principalpowerfulto explaiintercorreindependIn this stwere execomponecontributsignificanvarimax and Kazaccordingaccount (eigenvalThe ratioshould a

relating to ohe laborator

cal Methods

ater samplery in ice bo

of BOD at 250C for ate reflux r), Alkalinitstandard hthalein anr) , HardnesTA solution

indicator), , EC (Condometer) andmetric mete as indicator

al Analysis

l componenl pattern recin the variaelated variab

dent variabletudy, PCA oecuted to exents (PCs) ation of nce; these rotation ge

zama, 2007g to the crite

for varialue-one criteonale for thaccount for

other chemicry.

s

s were broxes and su

(by incub5 days in dmethod us

ty (estimatesulphuric nd methylss (estimate

n using ErichTDS (by

ductivity med Chloride thod usingr).

nt analysis ognition too

ance of a lables with a

es (Simeonowof the normaxtract signifand to furthvariables PCs were

nerating fac7). PCs weerion that onance greateerion) shoulhis is that a

more varia

Pandey et al.

cal factors w

rought to tubjected to tbating dilut

dark), COD (ing a ferro

ed by titratiacid usi

orange ed by titratihrome black

y Evaporatieter), Turbid

(by Mohg Potassiu

(PCA) is ol that attemarge dataset

smaller set w et al., 200alized variabficant principher reduce t

with minsubjected

ctors (Shrestere de- finnly factors ther than old be includany componance than a

/Vol. V [2] 20

was

the the ted (by oin ion ing as

ion k-T ion

dity hr’s um

a mpts

of of

07). bles pal the nor

to tha ned hat one

ded. ent any

singspac

Res

Theof tAlla1. A8.58PhawhePhaSanat Pharespmaxat P12.9sumand175Pha120at SfounturbrespNTUduriTabposiDOwithsingas wdecral.,

014 /28 – 34 

gle variable ce (Andrade

sults and Di

e results of ththe samples ahabad durinAccording to8 in summeraphamau &ereas EC haphamau &ngam. DO sh

Sangam aphamau durpectively whximum 9.7 mPhaphamau G9 mg/l res

mmer & wintd chloride ha5.3 mg/l anaphamau Gh0 mg/l, 92.3 Sangam durind respecbidity and Tpectively at PU & 238 ming monsoon

ble 2 showsitive correla whereas Dh all paramegle useful powith rise in reases the D2003).

in the stane, 2008).

iscussion

he physico-ccollected a

ng study peo table 1, pr & minimu Daraganj

have maxim& minimumhown maxim

& minimuring winter hereas BODmg/l & 22.6Ghat while mspectively ater season reave found mnd 30.9 mhat whereas

mg/l, and 1ing monsoonctively whTDS as 28.2Phaphamau mg/l at Sann & winter s that pH eation with al

DO showed neters, thus itollution inde

the value oDO concentr

ndardized te

chemical parat different griod shown

pH found mum 8.12 in w

ghats respmum 541 µSm 184 µSmum value 9um 6.92 m& summer

D and COD 6 mg/l respminimum 5.4at Sangam espectively. maximum 28

mg/l respectifound mini

13 mg/l respn & winter hereas M2 NTU & 3while minim

ngam and Dseason respe

exhibited sigll parameternegative cort can be servex of water of these parration (Kha

30 

est score

rameters ghats of in table

maximum winter at pectively S/cm at

S/cm at 9.2 mg/l mg/l at seasons

found pectively 4mg/l &

during TA, TH

87 mg/l, ively at mum as

pectively seasons

Maximum 10 mg/l

mum 7.3 Daraganj ectively. gnificant s except rrelation ved as a quality,

rameters iwal et

Table 3 Principalvalues, ppercent oThe figuvalue foPrincipalvalue >1the most

Sites

Shringver

Phapham

Daraga

Sangam

representel Componepercent of of variance

ure shows thor each col Component. Eigen valusignificant c

Mo

rpur SumMonWin

mau SumMonWin

nj SumMonWin

m SumMonWin

d the detent (PC) avariance ancontributed

he Scree ploomponent int were obtain

ues accounts component w

nth pH

mmer 8.48nsoon 8.22nter 8.15

mmer 8.58nsoon 8.42nter 8.20

mmer 8.42 nsoon 8.32nter 8.12

mmer 8.38nsoon 8.27nter 8.22

Pandey et al.

ermined initand its Eignd cumulatd in each Pot of the Eign which twned with Eigthat first PC

which

EC DO8 370 7.12 361 7.85 433 8.18 541 6.92 527 7.20 448 7.9

285 7.22 269 7.92 410 8.58 184 7.47 166 8.32 375 9.2

/Vol. V [2] 20

tial gen ive PC. gen wo gen C is

reprwat% baccowaspH,andcon

PHYSICOO BOD 10 9.40 83 9.18 15 5.90 92 9.70 25 9.46 90 6.20 20 9.00 96 8.84 50 5.40 40 8.90 39 8.63 20 5.40

014 /28 – 34 

F

resents moreter quality oby PC 1. Taounting for s positive co EC, TA, T

d Turbidity ntribution to t

O-CHEMICALCOD TA21.2 16919.3 17418.5 14022.6 24819.5 28718.9 142

16.30 15015.7 16313.8 13415.6 14614.3 16012.9 120

Fig. 2: Assessm

e than 90%f the river G

able 4 depict91.92 % o

orrelated witTH ,TDS, BO

whereas Dthis variance

L PARAMETETH C152 2

167.8 2135.60 1

162 2175.3 3140.6 1126 2

132.2 2116 1

120.4 1128 292.3 1

ment of water q

% of the varGanges. Totted that thef the total vth all paramOD ,COD, CDO show ne.

ERS Cl Turbid5.2 13.307.8 25.55.0 8.906.7 15.120.9 28.205.8 10.023.2 11.905.8 19.65.1 8.208.2 9.801.4 12.303.0 7.30

31 

quality

iance in al 91.92 first PC variance

meters as Chloride negative

Table 1

dity TDS 0 273 290.6

0 249 2 289 0 310 2 250.3 0 270 300

0 238 0 270 0 290.5

0 250

Parameter pH EC DO

BOD COD TA TH

Chloride Turbidity

T.D.S a. This matrix

Component

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 Extraction M

Extraction Mea. 1 compone

Conclusi

The PCtechnique

pH E1.000 0.934 1-0.935 -10.970 00.602 00.989 00.668 00.918 00.812 00.995 0

is not positive d

t

Method: Princip

ChlorECDO

BOTurbi

TAT.D

pHTH

COethod: Principants extracted

ion

CA is powee that attemp

EC DO

.000 1.000 1.00.993 -0.99.848 -0.84.976 -0.97.890 -0.88.999 -0.99.967 -0.96.966 -0.96

definite.

Total 9.192 0.808

8.162E-162.544E-161.812E-169.243E-171.368E-17-1.395E-1-1.450E-1-2.804E-1

pal Component

ride C O D idity A .S.

H H

OD al Component

erful patterpts to explai

Pandey et al.

CorO BOD

0 93 1.000 45 0.778 77 0.995 88 0.829 99 0.987 66 0.930 67 0.990

6 6 6 7 7 6 6 6 t Analysis

Analysis.

rn recognitiin the varian

/Vol. V [2] 20

rrelation MatriCOD

1.000 0.712 0.996 0.869 0.955 0.681

Initial % of

9

8.2.51.89.21.3-1.-1.-2.

ion nce

of awithPrin

014 /28 – 34 

ixa

TA T

1.000 0.769 10.966 00.888 00.999 0

Eigen valuesf Variance 91.924 8.076 162E-15 544E-15 812E-15 243E-16 368E-16 395E-15 450E-15 804E-15

ComponeC

a large datash a smallerncipal Comp

TH Cl

.000

.909 1.000

.977 0.977

.741 0.954

Table 3: T

ent Matrixa Component

1 1.000 1.000 -1.000 0.989 0.973 0.970 0.958 0.924 0.902 0.862

set of inter r set of indponent (Mish

Turbidity

0 7 1.000 4 0.868

Cumulative91.924

100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000100.000

Total variance

correlated vdependent vhra, 2010)

32 

y T.D.S

1.000

Table 2

e %

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

explained

Table 4

variables variables

Referenc

Mishra, quanGan2

Adebola,asmJo2

Gupta, APM

Khalil, B“SanMEN

Zhang, BT“HWWPR2

Andrade,R“LC(TT

ces

A. (2010)uality usinnalysis: A

Ganges. Jound Technolo34.

, A. et al.ssessment

multivariate ournal of E013, 4, 466-

Aradhana; Dandey and

Monit Assess

B. and T. Statistical And Redesign

Monitoring EnvironmentaNo. 11,pp. 19

B. X. SongTang, Y. YHydrochemi

Water QualitWater and G

lain, NorResearch, Vo

748.

, E. M.; H. AR. A. Leão anLand Use

Composition Trussu Rive

Techniques,”

): Assessmng Principacase study rnal of Waogy. Vol. 3

(2013): “of river

statistical Environment479.

Devendra K.Bechan Sh

s (2009): 157

M. B. OApproaches U

n Surface WNetworks,”

al Monitori915-1929.

g, Y. ZhangYu and Y.ical Characty AssessmeGroundwatertheast Chol. 46, No.

A. Q. Palácind M. J. GuEffects in of an All

er, Brazil) b Environme

Pandey et al.

ent of waal compon

of the Rivater chemis2(4), pp. 22

“Water qualogun usi

techniquetal Protectio

. Rai; Ravi arma, Envir7:449–45

Ouarda (200Used to AssWater Qual

” Journaling, Vol.

g, D. Han, . Ma (201cteristics aent of Surfaer in Songnhina,” Wa

8, pp. 273

io, I. H. Souuerreiro (200

Groundwaluvial Aqui

by Multivariental Resear

/Vol. V [2] 20

ater ent ver stry 27-

lity ing es” on,

S. ron

09): ess lity

of 11,

C. 2):

and ace nen ater 37-

uza, 08): ater ifer iate rch,

Nie

Pejm

Jam

Kes

Kha

Shr

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