xtralis training 2
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Xtralis AG. All rights reserved.
xtralis.com
Powerful Early Warning Safetyand Security Solutions
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Topic 3
Site Assessment
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- Give careful consideration to environmental conditions that may affect the ability of thesampling network to obtain an air sample. Factors such as:
- high air velocities
- frequent air changes
- air pressure variations
- air temperature.
- Variations within the area to be protected will all affect system performance, and mayrequire the use of at least one other VESDA sampling method to effectively monitor thefire zone
- To ensure a satisfactory airflow through the air sampling network and the Detector , theaspirator should exhaust to an equal or lower atmospheric pressure than that of theprotected area.
Environmental Conditions
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Topic 4
Pipe Network Design
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Regulatory Requirements
The optimum detector sensitivity takes the following into
consideration: Level of protection needed, room environment,
nature of work done.
In designing an air sampling network, due consideration must be
given to relevant Fire Codes, Standards and Regulations that may
govern such issues as
maximum permissible response time;
maximum allowable area coveragefor a single sampling
point;
distanceof sampling points from bordering walls; Maximum spacingbetween sampling points
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General Design Guidelines
A maximum of four sampling pipe runs connectedto each VESDA Detector is recommended althoughsome systems can have up to eight pipes, witheach pair of pipes branched at the Detector inlet.
The combined length of pipe runs from a singleVESDA Detector should not exceed 650 ft.
Individual pipe lengths should not exceed 325ft.
However, where response times in excess of 60seconds are acceptable, the combined length of allpipe runs can be extended beyond the 650 ft. limit.
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The ASPIRE modeling system should be used todetermine the maximum number of sampling points per
pipe run.
The designer should use national codes for PointDetector spacingas the criteria for determining theminimum number of sampling points.
The default sampling hole size is 5/64
Sample Point Spacing Guidelines
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A Grid Overlaid on Construction Plans
Location of
sampling point
or smoke
detector.
This layout is
using a grid
overlay concept.
Grid overlay
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Sampling Points Arranged with a Grid Layout
Maximum
zone size20,000 sq
ft
Sampling pipes Sampling points
VESDA
Detector
5ft 10ft
10ft
10ft10ft10ft
10ft
10ft
5ft
5ft
5ft
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Grid Overlay
10m
5.0m
7.0m
5.0m
10m grid
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Grid Overlay
Sampling pipes Sampling points
VESDA
Detector
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Regulatory Requirements
More details:
You must comply with the local standards that are applicable for
your area and application.
Australia
U.K. and Europe
North
America
http://localhost/Template/VESDA%20Codes%20ANZ.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/xtralis/New%20Corporate%20Marketing%20Materials/Module%202%20-%20Codes%20v1.2.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/xtralis/New%20Corporate%20Marketing%20Materials/Module%202%20-%20Codes%20v1.2.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/xtralis/New%20Corporate%20Marketing%20Materials/Module%202%20-%20Codes%20v1.2.ppthttp://localhost/Template/VESDA%20Codes%20ANZ.ppt -
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Codes & StandardsVESDA detectors are UL268
listed for primary detection
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Over 300,000 VESDA units have been installed around the world
in a diverse range of environments and has gained global
approvals:
FM (USA)
UL (USA)
ULC (Canada)
CSFM (California)
LPC (UK)
AFNOR (France)VdS (Germany)
SSL (Australia)
NC (China)
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NFPA STANDARDS
NFPA 72 - NATIONAL FIRE ALARM CODE
NFPA 75 - COMPUTER / DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
NFPA 76TELECOMMUNICATIONS
NFPA 318 - PROTECTION OF CLEAN ROOMS
NFPA 850PROTECTION FOR ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS
NFPA 909 -PROTECTION OF CULTURAL RESOURCES
NFPA 914PROTECTION OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES
NFPA 2001 - CLEAN AGENT EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
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CODES Relative to Extinguishing
NFPA 2 Hydrogen Technologies Code
NFPA 11 Standard for lo, med, hi expansion foam
NFPA 12 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
NFPA 12a Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems
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5.7.3.3 Air Sampling-Type Smoke Detector.
5.7.3.3.1: Each sampling port of an air sampling-type smoke detector shall be treated as a spot-type
detector for the purpose of location and spacing.
5.7.3.3.2:
Maximum air sample transport time from the farthest sampling point shall not exceed 120seconds.
NFPA 72 - 2002 EDITION
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NFPA 72 - 2002 EDITION
5.7.3.3.7 Air sampling network piping and fittings shall be airtight and permanently fixed. **
5.7.3.3.8 Sampling system piping shall be conspicuously identified as SMOKE DETECTOR
SAMPLING TUBE.DO NOT DISTURB, as follows:
(A) At changes in direction or branches of piping;(B) At each side of penetrations of walls, floors, or other barriers;
(C) At intervals on piping that provide visibility within the space, but no greater than 20ft.
* *EXCEPT AT THE INLET MANIFOLD OF THE DETECTOR!!!
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TABLE 10.4.2.2 TEST METHODS
DEVICE
3. Air Sampling
METHOD
Per manufacturers recommended test methods,
detector alarm responseshall be verified through the end samplingport on each pipe run;
airflowthrough all other ports shall be verified as well.
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Alarm Response:
Take off alarm delays.
Spray smoke into the farthest sample hole (End Vent) from
the detector.
Using a stop watch, time the time taken for the detector to
respond to the increase of smoke.
Airflow:
Using a digital manometer, measure the pressure readings
at the sample holes & compare to the initial readings.
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Air Sampling methods
When designing a pipe network, the key area for protection to consider are:
1. Does the room need protection?
2. Does the air handling unit need protection?
3. Does the object need protection?
The three basic air sampling methodsused to protect a room are:
Standard Pipe SamplingSystems
(below ceiling or floor void or above cabinet)
Capillary tube sampling
(concealed, above-ceiling, or within cabinets). Return air sampling
(within duct or return air grille)
Inter-beam sampling
(more details in separate application course)
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Air Sampling - Introduction
The most basic and widely used sampling method involves suspending
lengths of CPVC/PVC pipe of internal diameter (ID is 0.87,
normal) over the area to be protected.
The pipes can be arranged in a variety of ways so that they cover the
whole area of the monitored fire zone.
These lengths of pipe are then connected to the Detector inlet manifold
(normally up to four for each Detector).
Each of the pipe lengths has a number of small holes spaced along its
length that act as sampling points.
The far end of each sampling pipe is terminated by a vented endcapdesigned to balance the smoke sensitivity of each of the sampling
points.
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Designing a pipe network - basics
Is there moving air in the
environment requiring fire
protection?
Is there objects in the
environment requiring fireprotection?
A simple environment requiring
fire protection
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Below Ceiling Sampling example 1
Below-ceiling
sampling
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For ceiling mounted applications, sampling pointsshould be atleast 1 inch, but not more than 4 inchesbelow the ceiling and should be oriented downinto theroom space.
This arrangement places the sampling points beneaththe small boundary layer of warm air that causessmoke stratification and is common in heatedenvironments or in actual fire conditions.
Standard Sampling Pipe Network Guidelines
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Capillary sampling - Introduction
Capillary sampling is a means of locating sampling points
away from the main sampling pipe without creating
extremely complex networks.
Typically, this method uses short 3 ft12 ft lengths of 3/16inch1/2 inch ID flexible tubing that branches off from the
trunk pipe and then penetrates a given surface.
Capillary sampling is useful where there is a localized
monitoring of equipment cabinets is required.
The sample hole location is marked with a printed decalaround the sample hole.
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Sampling trunkpipe
Capillary tube
Trunk adaptor
(any orientation
Miniaturesampling pointfitting
Ceiling panelor tile
typical concealed sampling installation. The sampling point fitting places the sampling hole more than 25 mm (1
nch) below the ceiling panel or tile.
Ceiling capillary sampling
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With concealed sampling, the trunk pipe network runs through a ceiling
void and capillary tubes branch off at regular intervals to penetrate the
ceiling panels or tiles
The end of each capillary tube is terminated in a sampling point fitting
The end vent of each pipe run should penetrate the protected area
In some circumstances, an even more discreet means of sampling is
needed.
This is usually the case in historical buildings or in decorated interiors.
A capillary tube branches from the trunk pipe and penetrates into thefire zone.
Concealed Sampling Pipework
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Mansion in Brazil
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Sample hole
Historic registered Liberty Theater 65 dome Astoria OR.
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The minimum capillary tube ID is 0.2 inch.
Although capillary tubes can be any length up to 26 ft it will benecessary to increase the capillary tube ID as the length of thetube increases.
Concealed Sampling Guidelines
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Inter-beam Sampling
Walking Sticks
are typically used
between inter
beam areas and
difficult to get toplaces
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AHU# 1 AHU# 2
VESDADetector
Sampling pipes
Standoffs StandoffsSealedendcap
Sealedendca
Esc
1.0VESDA
LaserPLUS
FAULTS
System
Zone
UrgentPo wer
NetworkAirflowFilter
ModeTest
SilenceScan
Reset Isolate
OKIsolated
Sensitivity
Smoke Level
ZoneNumber
FirstAlarmSector
Return Air Grille Sampling
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Return Air Sampling
Sampling
point
angled
(between
20 to 45
deg) to
obtain bestair sampleAHU
Path of return air stream
AHU vent
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In areas of high assessed risk only two AHUs should be monitored by a
single Detector.
Additionally, only one AHU should be monitored by each sampling pipe.
Return Air Grille Sampling
Standoff p ost100 to 200 mm long(4 in to 8 in)
Samplingpipe
Self tapp ingscrews
AHU
Sampling pointangled to obtaibest air sample
AHUvent
Path ofreturn
airstream
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In-Duct Sampling
Exhaust probe from detector
Intake probe to detector
AIR
FLOW
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AIRFLOW
A pressure curve forms
around the pipe as the
airflow passes around it(20 to 45 deg angle)
In-Duct Sampling
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Reference Sampling
Air Sampling External Source (Reference Zone)Reference Detector
VESDAnet
VESDAnet
Sampling Pipes sampling Zone 1
VESDA Zone 5
(Reference Zone)
Sampling Pipes sampling Zone 2
Sampling Pipes sampling Zone 4Sampling Pipes sampling Zone 3
Detector
monitoring
internal area
VESDA Zone 1
(Reference
reading is
subtracted)
Detector
monitoring
internal area
VESDA Zone 2
(Reference
reading is
subtracted)
Detector
monitoring
internal area
VESDA Zone 4
(Reference
reading is
subtracted)
Detector
monitoring
internal area
VESDA Zone 3
(Reference
reading is
subtracted)
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Effects of using multiple pipes
Smoke diluted by air
samples closer to the
detector (low
concentration)
Smoke picked up
here (high
concentration)
VESDALaserPLUS 88
14 3 2 xWorst
Option
14 3 2
VESDALaserPLUS 88
Shorter pipe runs mean
that dilution from smokefree air is less of a
problem
Best
Option
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ASPIRE2 - One Pipe
6
11
16
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ASPIRE2 Summary
When using APIRE2, all parameter changes must be
followed by the compute (calculate) command.
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