word of the day macromolecule: a larger molecule--there are 4 types that make up all living things!!
Post on 30-Dec-2015
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Word of the Day
Macromolecule:
a larger molecule--there are 4 types that make up all living things!!
Similarities among all types of cells
All cells use nucleic acids (DNA) to store information
All cells use proteins (ex: enzymes) for chemical reactions
All cells use lipids (fats) for the cell membrane & long-term energy storage
All cells use carbohydrates for cell walls (if present), recognition, and short-term energy
Macromolecules Monomers (subunits)
Carbohydrates :monosaccharide
Lipids : glycerol and fatty acids
Proteins : amino acids
Nucleic acids :nucleotides
Where do macromolecules come from?
Some cells can make all of the monomers
Some cells can get these subunits from food
Some cells can convert other compounds into these subunits
Carbohydrates
Function: to provide Cell structure
Cellulose in plant cell walls Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
in bacterial cell wall
Chitin in exoskeleton
Complex Carbohydrates & Function
CelluloseMost abundant carbohydrate on the planet!
Makes up plant cell walls (structure) Indigestible by animals
Starch Energy storage molecule in plants Can be digested by animals
Glycogen Animal energy reserve Found primarily in liver and muscle
B. Lipids
Lipids Monomers: Fatty acids (Polymers of CH2
units) AND Glycerol Structure: long chains of CH2 units
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C. Proteins Proteins serve many essential roles in the cell Monomer is amino acid 20 naturally occurring amino
acids The large number of amino acids allows huge
diversity in amino acid sequence
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Protein FunctionSome examples
Structure Lamins, collagen, keratin…….
Movement - Micro-tubueles, actin, myosin
Transport-regulate transport Channels, receptors, dynin, kinesin
Communication Hormones
Chemical Catalyst Enzymes (thousands of different enzymes)
Defense Antibodies, cellular immune factors
Regulatory Checkpoint proteins, cyclins, transcription factors
D. Nucleic Acids DNA –deoxyribonucleic acid RNA –ribonucleic acid
Monomer: nucleotide
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