will free benefit the rich?
Post on 23-Feb-2016
21 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Will Free Benefit the Rich?
Justin Reich@bjfr
EdTechResearcher.orgFellow, #Berkman
Co-Founder and Director, EdTechTeacher
1) Will technology innovation ameliorate or exacerbate educational equality?2) If technology innovation exacerbates inequality, should we care?
3) How could we design and deliver technology innovations so that they do improve equality?
Series1
Low-income students
Affluent students
Series1
Low-income students
Affluent students
Lear
ning
EdTech Innovation EdTech Innovation
Closing Gaps Rising Tide
Lear
ning
What do you think might be happening?
Where can research help us move past speculation?
WILL TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION AMELIORATE OR EXACERBATE EDUCATIONAL EQUALITY?
Case Study of Classroom Wikis
Access:Do students in schools
serving different populations have
equitable access to wikis?
Usage:Do wikis created in
schools serving different populations provide
equitable opportunities for learning?
Exemplar: Flat Classroom Projecthttp://fcp11-3.flatclassroomproject.org/WFS+Wiki+A
Assessing wiki accessDo you use a blog or wiki? Do you have students
contribute to a blog or wiki?School %FRPL
Rarely Sometimes Rarely Sometimes
<35% 22 17 12 11
35-49% 23 16 11 8
50-74% 20 14 13 7
75-100% 22 17 13 9
Gray, N., Thomas, N., Lewis, L; Teachers Use of Educational Technology in U.S. Public Schools: 2009, NCES 2010040
Fast Response System Survey: http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2010040
Lear
ning
EdTech Innovation EdTech InnovationLe
arni
ng
Assessing Wiki Usage
Data: 179,851 Publicly-Viewable, Education-Related Wikis from Pbworks.comSample: 255 wikis from U.S. K-12 Public Schools
Instrument: Wiki Quality Instrument, measures opportunities for students to develop deeper learning competencies• Expert Thinking• Complex Communication• New Media Literacy
Reich, J; Murnane, R; Willet, J. (Forthcoming) The state of wiki usage in U.S., K-12 schools: Leveraging Web 2.0 data warehouses to assess quality and
equity in online learning environments. Educational Researcher
Wiki Quality Instrument• Information Consumption
– Do students use wikis to get information? links?• Participation
– Do students contribute to the wiki? Do they own any or all pages?• Expert thinking:
– Do students use academic content knowledge in wiki activities?– Do students reflect on the process/product?
• Complex Communication/Collaboration:– Do students concatenate text on pages?– Do they substantively edit each others work and co-create pages?
• New Media Literacy:– Do students use formatting?– Do they hyperlink?– Do they embed multimedia?
Wiki Type Low Income Schools(n=117)
Mid to High Income Schools
(n=133)
Failed or Trial Wiki 50% 30%
Teacher-Content Wiki 34% 35%
Individual Student-Owned Wiki
15% 35%
Collaborative Student –Owned Wiki
2% 1%
Wikis created in low income schools
Wikis created in mid to high income schools
Series1
Low-income students
Affluent students
Series1
Low-income students
Affluent students
Lear
ning
EdTech Innovation EdTech Innovation
Closing Gaps Rising Tide
Lear
ning
Key Findings from 25 years of Education Technology Research
• When provided with a new technology, teachers typically use the technology to extend existing practices rather than to innovate (Larry Cuban, Judith Sandholtz)
• In affluent homes and schools, technology is more likely to be used for higher-order skill development with more adult supervision than in lower income homes and school (Harold Wenglinsky, Paul Attewell, Mark Warschauer)
IF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION EXACERBATES INEQUALITY, SHOULD WE CARE?
Rising Tide vs. Larry Cuban
Lear
ning
EdTech Innovation EdTech Innovation
Lear
ning
Opportunity Gap vs. Preparation Gap
Lear
ning
EdTech Innovation EdTech Innovation
Lear
ning
Rising Tide vs. Trickle Down
Lear
ning
EdTech Innovation EdTech Innovation
Lear
ning
What effects will inequalities have on data-driven design?
Lear
ning
EdTech Innovation EdTech Innovation
Lear
ning
Lear
ning
EdTech Innovation EdTech Innovation
Lear
ning
HOW COULD WE DESIGN AND DELIVER TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS SO THAT THEY DO IMPROVE EQUALITY?
Leadership Public Schools
TechGoesHome
Glitch Game Testers
Back Deck
Differences in networked technology resources among public school districts
Low Poverty Districts (<10%)
Medium Poverty Districts (11-20%)
High Poverty Districts (>20%)
Provide teachers with their own server space for posting their own Web pages or class materials
(Elementary Secondary) 90%
92%81%84%
74%74%
Provide students with electronic storage space on a server
76%92%
60%85%
50%72%
Provide students with online access to the library catalogue
82%92%
69%82%
66%72%
Provide students online access to databases (for library resources)
71%79%
58%67%
53%57%
Employ an individual responsible for education technology leadership
(Full TimePart Time
None)
60%26%13%
48%35%17%
47%33%20%
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Fast Response Survey System (FRSS), “Educational Technology in Public School Districts, Fall 2008,” FRSS 93, 2008.
Composite WQI Score
nInformation
ConsumptionStudent
ParticipationExpert Thinking
New Media Literacy
Complex Communication
(24 items) (2 items) (4 items) (5 items) (6 items) (7 items)0 102 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 49 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 37 1.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.03 6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.8 0.34 4 0.0 2.5 0.5 1.0 0.05 4 0.3 2.5 1.3 1.0 0.06 5 0.0 3.0 1.2 1.8 0.07 7 0.7 2.6 1.6 1.7 0.48 5 0.4 2.6 2.4 2.6 0.09 9 0.3 3.1 2.6 3.0 0.0
10 7 0.4 3.0 2.9 3.4 0.311 11 0.3 3.1 2.7 4.5 0.512 3 1.3 3.3 3.7 3.0 0.713 3 2.0 3.7 2.3 4.7 0.314 0 15 0 16 0 17 2 1.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 5.518 0 19 1 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 7.020 0 21 0 22 0 23 0 24 0
Picture Credits
• Historic Strawberry School: http://www.flickr.com/photos/alanenglish/5066943664/in/set-72157623090972731
• Brains: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_mKpSkn3PTaI/Snnpamgsz5I/AAAAAAAABLk/wHALn8m1oNc/s400/braiiins.jpg
• High tech high classroom: http://newsletter.hightechhigh.org/10-20-2005/index.php
March 3Microsoft New England Research
and Development CenterCambridge, MA
July-August, 2012Harvard University
Cambridge, MA
top related