why is ehealth so hard
Post on 07-Feb-2017
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Hildegard Franke Dr Ian McNicoll
Why is eHealth so hard?
Is it so hard?
The banks can do it ….
why not healthcare ?
but in the real-world …Large (sometimes whole) populations involved
large amounts of data
imaging, genomics, life-long records
Segmented populations adult, paediatric care, obstetric care, mental health
Safety critical industry very distractible environment
very mobile workforce
Generally poor IT infrastructure
Connectivity patchy, limited devices
.. and ..Healthcare is hugely expensive
highly politicised
“all change” at the next election
Highly culturally nuanced “That’s not how we do things here”
Ageing Population timebomb
… not forgetting …Patients
Increasingly mobile, national and international
Access to records ? ownership
mHealth and the ‘Quantified self’
Information governance Data security
Patient privacy
Data quality
Data retention / audit trails
Jargon Jungle
Jargon Jungle
Jargon Jungle
Jargon Jungle
Jargon Jungle
ADL
Jargon Jungle
Jargon Jungle
CKM
Jargon Jungle
Jargon Jungle
REST
Jargon Jungle
Jargon Jungle
Healthcare is powered by information To facilitate immediate care
Aide-memoire for clinician
Automate business processes
Trigger decision support
To facilitate review of care quality Quality registers / audit
To inform healthcare management
To inform research ‘Big data’, analytics
Clinical trials
Sharing health information
Most health information is captured on paper
Even when electronic it is largely text
Even when computable it is generally non-standardised
Even when computable it is often of variable quality
The challenge of ‘semantic interoperability’Complexity of health systems
makes interoperability an issue
even within single vendor applications
Between applications globally largely absent in spite of huge investment
Some success Lab requesting, reporting
GP2GP project
eReferral, EPS
Why is health information so hard?Very different kinds of information
Biological concepts
Documentation of care
Compressed, summarised information Reporting
Making sense of complex care
Large number of complex datatypes not just string, numeric, url, date
Health information: IBiological ‘real-world’ concepts
Symptoms, examination signs
Lab tests, imaging results
Illnesses, procedures
Asthma
Depression
Appendicectomy
Medications, devices
Penicillin 250mg tablets
Hip arthroplasty component
Health information: IIDocumentation of care
Diagnosis
Name = Diabetes (biological concepts)
Date of onset
Date diagnosed
Diagnosed by
Grade or stage
Health information: IIIDocumentation of care
Medicolegal context
Who, when, why, what, how?
Patient, clinical author, committer, committal date, organisation, care setting, episode of care identifier
Lab test
Name = Oral glucose tolerance test
Result = Abnormal
Diagnosis
Name = Diabetes (biological concepts)
Date of onset = 2015
Health information: IVCompression and processing of health information
Registry and research
Diagnosis = ‘Diabetes’ (CodedText)
Diabetes Y/N (boolean)
Handling ‘health status’
‘Curated’ list of patient’s current problems which change and morph over time
Remove ‘inactive’ or trivial problems
Add new problems ? all problems
From whose perspective?
Complex datatypes IPlain text / marked-up text
Coded terms external ‘ reference’ terminologies
local codes and mappings
Dates and times Partial dates “July 2014”
Date intervals
Complex datatypes IIDurations
length of symptoms
“take for 7 days’
ages
‘Ordinals’ Coded terms with associated numerics
Multimedia audio, video, images
Complex datatypes IIIProportions (70% oxygen, 0.7)
Quantities with units SI units (3mg, 4 mmol/l, cm, inches)
Dose units (2 tablets, 4 drops)
Normal ranges
Approximations (approximately 7mg/l)
Out of range statements (> 7mg/l)
Interpretations very high, high, normal, low, very low
Medication ‘dose syntax’“Co-codamol 8mg/500mg/5ml oral suspension 5-10mls 4-6hourly for 7 days for pain, maximum 40mls daily”
Medication ‘dose syntax’
Medication ‘dose syntax’
How do we cope with product versus dose prescribing?
Task / workflow management
Ordering “Request referral”
Track progress of referral
Referral requested
Referral scheduled
Referral performed
Referral cancelled
Information model is critical
Information model is critical
Health terminologies
Needed to represent biological and scientific concepts
500,000+ SNOMED CT concepts
even more relationships which support ‘inferencing’
e.g. Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 is_a metabolic disease AND is_a disease of the pancreas
A mixed economyIn reality we need
‘Clinical content’ modelsunderpin persistence
underpin API / messaging
+ Terminologies
label/ classify biological concepts
power inferencing
Blended approachno ‘one true way’
Health information is “Nasty”
Health information is Complexity is a challenge for any e-Health developer
building APIs, messages
building apps
Need good requirements from clinicians
How do we know they are widely applicable?
How do we make sure that we capture and share that clinical knowledge?
“Nasty”
Health information is Complexity is a challenge for any e-Health developer
building APIs, messages
building apps
Need good requirements from clinicians
How do we know they are widely applicable?
How do we make sure that we capture and share that clinical knowledge?
Health information is Complexity is a challenge for any e-Health developer
building APIs, messages
building apps
Need good requirements from clinicians
How do we know they are widely applicable?
How do we make sure that we capture and share that clinical knowledge?
“Superknifflig”
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