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CPCNozzlesDriftV2 8/30/2016
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Robert N. Klein
Western Nebraska
Crops Specialist
Which Sprayer Had the Best Results?
$1.2 million$425,000
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• Ceramic nozzle $7.36
• Sprayers $425,000 and
$1.2 million
XRC11004-VK
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
1. Controls the amount applied – GPA
2. Determines the uniformity of application
3. Affects the coverage
4. Affects the spray drift potential
5. Breaks the mix into droplets
6. Forms the spray pattern
7. Propels the droplets in the proper direction
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With all the precipitation in the spring
of 2015, a farmer had a pilot spray
herbicides for weed control. The
farmer also sprayed with his new
sprayer.
Who had the best weed control?
“Increasing spray droplet size to reduce
drift has reduced weed control by 10 to
50% for some herbicides used in cereals.
Research continues to evaluate the extent
of impact as well as the cause of this
effect and corrective measures.”
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Spray Quality Categories
ASABE Standard S-572.1
Category (symbol) VMD Color Code
Extra Fine (XF) Purple
Very Fine (VF) Red
Fine (F) Orange
Medium (M) Yellow
Coarse (C) 341-403 Blue
Very Coarse (VC) Green
Extra Coarse (XC) White
Ultra Coarse (UC) >665 Black
S572
NEW
NEW
Why did the aerial applicator get better control?
The farmer used a spray nozzle that produced Ultra Coarse (UC) Spray Droplets. The recommended spray droplet size for the herbicides he was applying is Coarse (C).
Farmer →
Source: Crop Life – July 2002
451-550
>551
351-450
251-350
151-250
>150
Herbicides (300-450)
UC Ultra Black >665
coarse
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
500
Microns
250
Microns
250
Microns
250
Microns250
Microns
250
Microns250
Microns
250
Microns
250
Microns
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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0
20
40
60
80
100
Pe
rce
nt
Co
ntr
ol
Carrier Volume
.5 .5 .25M C EC
.3 .3F C
.4 .4 .2M C EC
XR DG TF XR DG TF XR DG
XR Tee Jet DG Tee Jet Turbo Flood Jet
94 L/ha 70 L/ha 47 L/ha10 gpa 7.5 gpa 5 gpa
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Vapor Drift – associated with volatilization (gas, fumes)
Particle Drift – movement of spray particles during or
after the spray application
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Spray Characteristics
- Chemical
- Formulation
- Additives
Weather, etc.
- Air Movement (direction & velocity)
- Temperature & Humidity
- Air Stability/Inversions
- Topography
Equipment & Application
- Nozzle Type
- Nozzle Size
- Nozzle Orientation
- Nozzle Pressure
- Height of Release
- Technology
- Sprayer Speed
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Downwind drift distance for various spray droplets
released from different boom heights.
tt Bretthauer, University of Illinois Extension
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The Goal – 100% Weed Control and 0% Spray Drift
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Drift Reduction: Recommended Techniques
1. Follow label directions.
– Read label and use the nozzle manufacturer’s
guide for nozzle and pressure combinations.
2. Select a nozzle to increase droplet size.
– Large droplets - less prone to drift. Use largest
droplets that provide necessary coverage.
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The drift reduction suggested by the study results will be used to assign a drift
reduction rating to the tested DRT. The four DRT ratings represented by one, two,
three, or four stars are awarded for technologies that demonstrate at least 25%
reduction in potential spray drift. The greater the number of stars, the greater the
potential reduction of spray drift:
25-49% reduction
90+% reduction
50-74% reduction
75-89% reduction
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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1. TT11004 2. AIC110025-VK 3. TTI11004-VP 5. XRC11003-VK
6. AITTJ60-11006-VP7. Wilger
DR11004
8. Hypro
PSULDQ2004
9. GreenLeaf TDXL11004-D
with 10. TCP11010
1. 2. 3. 5.
6. 7. 8. 10. 9.
4. AIXR11005-VP
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Nozzle Selection for Droplet SizeUniversity of Nebraska EC130
2016 Guide for Weed, Disease, and Insect Management in Nebraska
Droplet
CategorySymbol
Color
Code
VMD Range
(microns)
Extremely Fine XF Purple <60
Very Fine VF Red 61-143
Fine F Orange 144-235
Medium M 236-340
Coarse C 341-403
Very Coarse VC Green 404-502
Extremely Coarse XC White 503-665
Ultra Coarse UC Black >665
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TeeJet Technologies: Turbo TeeJet TT
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 240
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
% C
ove
rage
Lower Leaves Middle Leaves Upper Leaves
0315
0530
0560
0590
2590
0360
0615
0630
0660
2530
2560
0330
0315
0630
0660
0630
0615
0660
0315
0330
0360
0615
0330
0360psi
XRC XRC XRC XRC TT TT AIC AIC
Travel Direction
Research Funded by Nebraska Soybean BoardCoverage of Spray Droplets on Soybean Canopy
• I prefer 15-inch nozzle spacing for sprayers
without Pulse Width Modulation. Also, 100%
overlap where the pattern ends under the
adjacent nozzles.
Advantages of 15- & 30-inch spacing:
• At low GPA, use 30-inch spacing (close off the
nozzles on 15 inches).
- Larger nozzles are less prone to
spray particle drift & plugging
• At high GPA, use 15-inch spacing
• Do not need extremely large nozzles
on 15-inch spacing
• Often can use the same nozzle at 15- & 30-inch.
Example: 8 & 16 GPA, 10 & 20 GPA, and 12 &
24 GPA or application which are close to 2x.
110-degree nozzles15-inch spacing100% overlap
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Spray Comparison Wind – AI TeeJet
@2009 Winfield Solutions, LLC
Herbicide Alone Herbicide + Interlock ®
114 4 1 2
17
5 6 6 8123
116 73 5 7
1 14 5 60 1
0102030405060708090100110120130140150160
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
XR 11005 TT 11005 TF 2.5 AI 11005 AIXR 11005
Pe
rce
nt
Mic
ron
s
RWM + 2% AMS
RWM + 2% AMS + In-Place
% less than 105 microns
Water
RWM + 1% AMS + Array
Volume Median Diameter (VMD)
RWM + 2% AMS + Interlock
40 psi 40 psi 40 psi 40 psi 40 psi
2.8 bar 2.8 bar2.8 bar2.8 bar2.8 bar
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Longevity and Cost of Nozzles
• Life of ceramic nozzle is 5 to 16.7
times
that of stainless steel
• For example, if brass nozzle lasts 1
month,
stainless steel would last 4 to 6
months, ceramic would last 20 to 100
months.
• (Months are only given as an
example for easy comparison of
lifespan)
AIC $16.30 AIC $13.27
Rela
tive lif
e s
pa
n o
f
no
zzle
Turbo TeeJet Induction TTI11004-VP
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Turbo TeeJet Induction (TTI)
Revised 3/26/16
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Enlist Duo: Allowable Nozzles and PressureDo not use any nozzle & pressure combination not specifically allowed in the chart.
Enlist Duo® Crop System
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Enlist Duo® Crop System (cont.)
Enlist Duo® Crop System (cont.)
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Enlist Duo® Crop System (cont.)
This information is for educational purposes only,
pending regulatory approvals for component products.
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
So far the organic and conventional soybeans are
the most sensitive to dicamba….with organic
soybean having as much as 80% visual injury with
1/10 rate, and 40% with 1/100th and 20% with
1/1000th of the label 16 oz rate of Clarity…
1/1000th is equal to about 1/10th of a teaspoon
Dr. Stevan Knezevic
XTEND: Allowable Nozzles and PressureDo not use any nozzle & pressure combination not specifically allowed in the chart.
Manufact. Model Orifice sizesDroplet
Size20 PSI
30 PSI
40 PSI
50 PSI
60 PSI
70 PSI
Greenleaf AirMix 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50
TDXL 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50
Hypro John Deere
ULD 003, 004, 005 XC Min 30 Max 50
TeeJet AI (80o) 003, 004, 005 XC Min 30 Max 50
AI/AIC (110o) 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50
AITT J60 003, 004, 005 XC Min 30 Max 50
AIXR 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50
TTI 003, 004, 005 UC Min 30 Max 50
*Wilger DR 003, 004, 005 VC Min 30 Max 50
*only with Pulse Width Modulation systems
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1. Use C to UC nozzle
2. Weed height 4" maximum
3. Maintain spray buffer required by label
4. Ground speed less than 15 mph
5. Use formulations with low volatility
6. Maintain appropriate boom height
– 20-inch height for 20-inch nozzle spacing
7. Optimal wind conditions 3 to 10 mph
8. Triple rinse tank after application
Roundup Ready® XTEND Crop System
Clean equipment immediately after using this product, as follows:
1. After spraying, drain the sprayer (including boom). Do not leave the
spray solution in the spray boom lines overnight or for extended periods
of time.
2. Flush tank, hoses, boom, and nozzles with clean water.
3. Inspect and clean all strainers, screens, and filters.
4. Prepare a cleaning solution with a commercial detergent or sprayer
cleaner according to the manufacturer's directions.
5. Wash all parts of the tank, including the inside top surface. Start
agitation in the sprayer and thoroughly recirculate the cleaning solution
for at least 15 minutes. Remove all visible deposits from the spraying
system.
Roundup Ready® XTEND Crop System
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6. Flush hoses, spray lines, and nozzles for at least 1 minute
with
the cleaning solution.
7. Repeat above steps for effective triple rinse.
8. Remove nozzles, screens, and strainers. Clean separately in
the cleaning solution after completing the above procedures.
9. Drain sump, filter, and lines.
10.Rinse the complete spraying system with clean water.
11.Dispose of rinse in compliance with local, state, and federal
guidelines.
Roundup Ready® XTEND Crop System (cont.)
Example of a Spray Nozzle to Apply Both
Enlist Duo and Roundup XTEND
• Enlist Duo = AIXR 11004 @ 15-40 PSI, 10 - 15 GPA
• Roundup XTEND = AIXR 11004 @ 30-50 PSI, Min. 10 GPA
• AIXR 11004 Nozzle can be used for both Enlist Duo and Roundup XTEND at 30 to 40 PSI
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AIXR 11004
Speeds at various application rates, pressures, and nozzle spacing
Application
RatePressure 20-inch 30-inch 15-inch
10 GPA 30 PSI 10.3
mph
6.9 mph 13.7 mph
40 PSI 11.0 mph 7.9 mph 15.8 mph
12.5 GPA 30 PSI 8.2 mph 5.5 mph 11.0 mph
40 PSI 9.5 mph 6.3 mph 12.7 mph
15 GPA 30 PSI 6.9 mph 4.6 mph 9.2 mph
40 PSI 7.9 mph 5.3 mph 10.6 mph
Not for
Roundup
Xtend
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
• I have limited the top Sprayer Speed in charts to 14 MPH
• At 2014 Crop Production Clinics, Bill Gordon (Emerging
Issues for Australian Spraying) discussed Auto Height and
said control may be limited in its effectiveness when traveling
at speeds above 14-15 MPH
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problems• The following problems will ask you the appropriate spray droplet sizes
and ground application rates in gallons per acre. In the Field Days
Booklet, use the charts that start on page 17.
• Then, you will be asked to select the appropriate nozzle. In the Field
Days Booklet, use the charts that start on page 19.
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 1:• You will treat field corn with the herbicide Callisto
XTRA. Using the chart on page 17 of the Field Days
Booklet,
– What spray droplet size should you use?
– What ground application rate in gallons per acre?
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Herbicides Droplet Size Ground Application GPA
Callisto XTRA M to C 10 to 30
17
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 1:• You will treat field corn with the herbicide Callisto XTRA. Using
the chart on page 17 of the Field Days Booklet,
– What spray droplet size? Medium to Coarse is listed
– Use coarse to reduce drift
– What ground application rate (GPA)? 10 to 30 GPA is listed
– Use 20 GPA since we are using the larger particle size
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 1:• You have a sprayer with
– 15-inch nozzle spacing
– Calibrated delivery rate of 20 GPA at 12 mph
• Using the coarse chart on page 19 of the Field Days
Booklet, what nozzle would be a good choice?
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Speed mph Rate gpm 15-inch
12 0.606 XRC11008-VK @ 23 psi
TT11006 @ 41 psi*
19
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 1:• You have a sprayer with
– 15-inch nozzle spacing
– Calibrated delivery rate of 20 GPA at 12 mph
• Using the chart on page 19 of the Field Days Booklet, what nozzle would be a good choice?
XRC11008-VK @ 23 psi or TT11006@ 41 psi*
*Just into spray drop size with water - many pesticides and additives
reduce the spray drop size
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 1:• What speed do you use with your spray equipment?
_________mph
• What is the nozzle spacing for your sprayer?
_________inches
• Circle the nozzle for the speed and nozzle spacing
that you could use with your sprayer in this situation.
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 2:• You will treat Winter Wheat with the Fungicide
Prosaro SC. Using the chart on page 18 of the
Field Days Booklet,
– What spray droplet size?
– What ground application rate in gallons per
acre?
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Pg 37
Fungicides Drop Size Ground Application GPA
Prosaro SC No Mention Minimum 10
18
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 2:• You will treat Winter Wheat with the Fungicide
Prosaro SC. Using the chart on page 18 of the
Field Days Booklet,
– What spray droplet size? No Mention
– What ground application rate in gallons per
acre?
Minimum of 10 GPA
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 2:• You have a sprayer with
– 20-inch nozzle spacing
– Calibrated delivery rate of 15 GPA at 8 mph
– Using the chart on page 20 of the Field Days
Booklet, what nozzle would be a good
choice?
Pg 42
Speed mph Rate gpm / gpa 20-inch 8 0.404 / 15 XRC11004-VK @ 41 psi
20
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 2:• You have a sprayer with
– 20-inch nozzle spacing
– Calibrated delivery rate of 15 GPA at 8 MPH
– Using the chart on page 20 of the Field Days
Booklet, what nozzle would be a good choice?
XRC11004-VK @ 41 psi
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 2:• What speed do you use with your spray equipment?
_________mph
• What is the nozzle spacing for your sprayer?
_________inches
• Circle the nozzle for the speed and nozzle spacing that
you could use with your sprayer in this situation
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 3:• You will treat soybeans with the insecticide
Arctic 3.2E. Using the chart on page 18 of
the Field Days Booklet
-What spray droplet size?
-What ground application rate in gallons
per acre?
Herbicides Drop Size Ground Application GPA
Arctic 3.2E Medium or Coarser 10 to 20
PG 18
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 3:• You will treat soybeans with the insecticide Arctic 3.2E.
Using the chart on page 18 of the Field Days Booklet
-What spray droplet size? Medium or Coarser
-Use Medium to get better coverage
-What ground application rate (GPA)?
-10 to 20 gallons per acre
-Use 10 GPA to get a large number of acres done in time
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 3:• You have a sprayer with
– 30-inch nozzle spacing
– Calibrated delivery rate of 10 GPA at 14 MPH
– Using the chart on page 19 of the Field Days Booklet,
what nozzle would be a good choice?
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Speed mph Rate gpm 30-inch
14 0.707 XRC11008-VK @ 31 psi
19
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 3:• You have a sprayer with
– 30-inch nozzle spacing
– Calibrated delivery rate of 10 GPA at 14 mph
– Using the medium chart on page 19 of the Field
Days Booklet, what nozzle would be a good
choice? XRC11008-VK @ 31psi
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© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Problem 3:• What speed do you use with your spray
equipment? _________mph
• What is the nozzle spacing for your sprayer?
_________inches
• Circle the nozzle for the speed and nozzle spacing
that you could use with your sprayer in this
situation.
© 2016 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Questions?
Thank you!
Robert N. Klein
Western Nebraska
Crops Specialist
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