what do these organisms have in common?
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What do these organisms have
in common?
CELLS
CR E AT ED BY:
A SH L E Y RE I D
H E ATH ER WAT SON
M I CHAE L A
CH E E
WHAT WE WILL BE COVERING
What is a cell?The types of cells
Examples of these cellsThe organelles and their
functions
WHAT IS A CELL?• Latin for “small room”• A cell is the functional and
structural unit of all living organisms
CELL THEORY• The cell is the basic unit of
structure• Conducts all functions for
living organisms• All cells arise from pre-
existing cells
EXAMPLES OF CELLSAmoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
PLANT & ANIMAL CELLSsimilarities & differences
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
PLANT CELLS• Has a cell wall
made of cellulose• Has a large
central vacuole• Undergoes
photosynthesis• Contains
chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll
CELL WALL• One of the most importantdistinguishing features of plant cellsis the presence of a cell wall, whichserves a variety of functions.• The cell wall protects the cellular contents and gives rigidity structure to the plant• Provides a porous medium for the circulation
and distribution of water, minerals, and other small nutrient molecules
• Contains specialized molecules that regulate growth and protect the plant from disease
ANIMAL CELLS• Unicellular &
multicellular • Lacks a cell wall
and chloroplasts • Small vacuoles• Appear spherical
in shape• Contains a
variety of organelles
CELL MEMBRANE• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer • Serves as a
boundary between the cell and its external environment
• Found in plant & animal cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
DIFFUSION• Diffusion is “the movement of a
substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration” (Mader, 1994)• Diffusion always moves from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration• It’s the way materials such as gasses
(oxygen) and liquids (water) move across the cell membrane• Occurs in plant and animal cells
OSMOSIS• Movement of water (h2o) molecules
across a semi permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration
• Water molecules will move toward a high concentration of solute (low concentration of water) to reach equilibrium
• Important process because all living organisms are composed of mostly water, osmosis allows water
to travel through different parts of the body to reach areas that need it to function• Occurs in plant and animal cells
CHLOROPLASTS• They contain chlorophyll which is the green pigment used to make food• Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts• They use light energy from the sun, water, and
carbon dioxide in order to create sugars and oxygen
• Plants, animals, & humans use sugars for food & energy
• Humans and animals use the oxygen to breathe• Found only in plant cells
CYTOPLASM• Jelly-like fluid within the cell membrane• Composed primarily of water• It’s the substance that a cell’s organelles are
embedded in• Different molecules are dissolved in the
cytoplasm such as …• Enzymes, fatty acids, sugars & amino acids
which all keep the cell functioning• Waste is dissolved in the cytoplasm before
taken in by the vacuoles or being sent out of the cell
• Found in plant and animal cells
VACUOLES• Organelles that are primarily
used for storage• Vacuoles can store water,
waste products, and other substances
• Plant cells have much larger vacuoles than animal cells• Found in plant & animal cells
NUCLEUS• Often referred to as the
control center of the cell• Stores DNA & controls cell activity• Found in plant & animal cells
MITOCHONDRIA• Where energy is made, which is used to fuel cell• Site where cellular respiration takes place• Cellular respiration isthe opposite process ofphotosynthesis in which livingorganisms take in oxygen andsugars in order to give off carbon dioxide, water, & energy
• There can be one or many mitochondria in a cell• Found in plant & animal cells
CELL ACTIVITY• Split into two groups• One group will construct an animal cell & the other will construct a plant cell• Animal cell group needs the bowl of orange jello• Plant cell group needs the bowl of green jello• Use any of the objects provided to represent
organelles in your group’s cell• Be prepared to present your group’s cell & why
you chose those objects• REMEMBER – animal & plant cells have some
similarities & differences!
REFERENCESDavidson, M. (2004, December 13). Molecular expressions biology and microscopy structure
and function of cells and viruses mitochondria. Retrieved from
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/mitochondria/mitochondria.html
Davidson, M. (2005, May 14). Molecular expressions biology and microscopy structure and
function of cells and viruses nucleus. Retrieved from http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu
/cells/nucleus/nucleus.html
Mader, S. (1994). Inquiry into Life (7th ed). Dubuque, Iowa: W. C. Brown Publishers
(Part Two, pp 42-119)
Traverso, M. (2004, August 08). Washington university in st. louis chemistry 152 diffusion and
concentration gradients. Retrieved from http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~courses
/genchem/Tutorials/Kidney/dynamic.htm
ACTIVITY #2
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